ENS 5220: Electrical Machines and Transformers

Laboratory 1: DC Motors and Generators

Members:
Pantheia Dadpou: 10327382
David Kilkenny: 10365629
Muhammad Aneeq Mashood Siddiqui: 10344807
Shaoming Yang: 10275615

DC Motors and Generators ENS5220: Electrical Machines and Transformers
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Contents
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Individual Contribution ................................................................................................................... 2
3 Experimental Results ...................................................................................................................... 2
3.1 The Separately Excited DC Motor ........................................................................................... 2
3.2 Separately Excited, Series, Shunt and Compound DC Motors ................................................ 8



DC Motors and Generators ENS5220: Electrical Machines and Transformers
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1 Introduction
This experiment was conducted using the DC Motor/Generator and Dynamometer equipment in the
Electrical Laboratory (B23. E326) at Edith Cowan University Joondalup Campus. The purpose of the
laboratory is to understand the operation of DC Motors and Generators and the effect of armature
voltage, armature current, load and rotational speed on the system.
The experimental process and tasks are presented as Unit 2: DC Motors and Generators, provided
by the lecturer.

DC Motors and Generators ENS5220: Electrical Machines and Transformers
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2 Individual Contribution
All group members contributed equally
3 Experimental Results
3.1 The Separately Excited DC Motor
Results presented in order of questions tabled in Laboratory Manual
Determining the armature resistance:
7.
R
A
= 29.67
Motor Speed versus Armature Voltage
11. Records:
Table DT211:


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12. Graph: G211


Ans: A linear Relationship exists between armature Voltage E
A
and dc motor speed n.
Ans: Yes the separately excited DC motor is equivalent to a linear voltage to speed converter.

13. Calculation of Slope K
1

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Motor Torque versus Armature Current
14.
E
A
= 273.3V (n=1500r/min)
16: Table DT212

17: Graph G212


Ans: An approximately linear relationship exists between armature current and dc motor torque.
Ans: Yes the separately excited DC motor is equivalent to a linear current to torque converter.

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18. Calculation of Slope K
2

Speed Decrease versus Armature Current
19
Data: When I
A
= 0.5A
R
A
= 29.67 E
RA
= I
A
x R
A

E
A
= 273.3V = 0.5 x 29.67 = 14.835V
K
1
= 5.623r/min/V E
CEMF
= E
A
- E
RA

= 273.3 14.835 = 258.465V
N = E
CEMF
x K
1

= 258.465 x 5.623
= 1453.3rpm

When I
A
= 1.0A
E
RA
= I
A
x R
A

= 1.0 x 29.67 = 29.67V
E
CEMF
= E
A
- E
RA

= 273.3 29.67 = 243.63V
N = E
CEMF
x K
1

= 243.63 x 5.623
= 1369.9rpm

When I
A
= 1.5A
E
RA
= I
A
x R
A

= 1.5 x 29.67 = 44.5V
E
CEMF
= E
A
- E
RA

= 273.3 44.5 = 228.8V
N = E
CEMF
x K
1

= 228.8 x 5.623
= 1286.5 rpm

Based on these calculations, both E
CEMF
and the DC motor speed should decrease linearly as
armature current increases.

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20. Graph G212-1

Ans: Yes, the graph confirms that motor speed decreases linearly as armature current is increased.
With a fixed armature voltage, as the armature current is increased, the voltage drop across the
armature resistor increases, thus reducing the available E
CEMF
available to drive the motor.
Ie, E
RA
= R
A
x I
A
, therefore as current increases, E
RA
is no longer negligible and needs to be accounted
for. As E
A
= E
CEMF
+ E
RA
, the available counter electromotive force must decrease.
21: Graph G212-2

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Review Questions:
1.) What kind of relationship exists between the speed and armature voltage of a separately
excited dc motor:
A a linear relationship

2.) What kind of relationship exists between the torque and armature current of a separately
excited dc motor as long as the armature current does not exceed the nominal value?
A a linear relationship

3.) Connecting a dc source to the armature of a dc motor that operates without field current
and measuring the voltage that produced nominal flow on the armature allows which
parameter of the dc motor to be determined?
B the nominal armature voltage

4.) Does the speed of a separately excited dc motor increase or decrease when the armature
current increases?
B it decreases

5.) The armature resistance R
A
and constant K
1
of a dc motor are 0.5 and 5r/min/V,
respectively. A voltage of 200V is applied to this motor. The no-load armature current is 2A.
At full load, the armature current increases to 50A. What are the no-load and full-load
speeds of the motor?
B n
no load
= 995r/min, n
full load
= 875r/min

No load: I
A
= 2A
E
RA
= I
A
x R
A

= 2 x 0.5 = 1V
E
CEMF
= E
A
- E
RA

= 200 1 = 199V
N = E
CEMF
x K
1

= 199 x 5
= 995 rpm

Full load: I
A
= 50A
E
RA
= I
A
x R
A

= 50 x 0.5 = 25V
E
CEMF
= E
A
- E
RA

= 200 25 = 175V
N = E
CEMF
x K
1

= 175 x 5
= 875 rpm

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3.2 Separately Excited, Series, Shunt and Compound DC Motors
Results presented in order of questions tabled in Laboratory Manual
Speed versus Armature Characteristics of a Separately Excited DC Motor
9. Table DT221


10. Graph G221



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11. Calculation of Slope K
1

Ans: The slope K
1
obtained in Graph 221 is steeper than that obtained in Graph 211. Therefore
decreasing the field current results in a higher E
CEMF
available to the motor and therefore resulting in
higher motor speeds.


Torque versus Armature Current Characteristic of a Separately Excited DC motor
12.
E
A
= 226.2V (n=1500r/min)

14. Data Table DT222


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15. Graph G222

16. Calculation of Slope K
2

Ans: The slope K
2
obtained in Graph 222 is less than that obtained in Graph 212. Therefore
decreasing the field current results in less motor torque for a given armature current. Whilst the
motor can rotate at higher speeds, it will develop less torque.
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Speed versus Torque Characteristic of a Series Motor
20. Data Table DT223

Note: torque applied only up to 0.6Nm as I
A
reached threshold limit.
21. Graph G223




Ans: The speed decreases linearly as the mechanical load is applied up until the nominal value for
I
A
is reached (1.1A).
Ans: The speed vs torque characteristics for series motor are similar to that of the separately
excited dc motor in that speed decreases as mechanical load is applied, however the series motor
reduces speed at a much faster rate than the separately excited dc motor. The Separately excited DC
motor is much more resilient and able to maintain motor speed for a wider range of loads.

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Review Questions:
1.) What effect does decreasing the field current below its nominal value have on the speed
versus voltage characteristic of a separately excited dc motor?
A Constant K
1
Increases

2.) What effect does decreasing the field current below its nominal value have on the torque-
current characteristic of a separately excited dc motor?
D Constant K
2
Decreases

3.) What is the advantage of increasing the field current above its nominal value for a short time
interval when starting a separately excited dc motor?


4.) Does the speed of a shunt motor increase or decrease when the armature current increases?
Decreases

5.) What is the advantage of decreasing the field current of a separately excited dc motor below
its nominal value?