Physic Form 5

1. Define the wave

-An oscillating or vibrating motion in which a point or body moves back and forth along a
line about a fixed central point produces waves.
2. Name two types of waves
-Transverse wave, Longitudinal wave.
3. Define transverse wave
-Wave in which the vibration of particles in the medium is perpendicular to the direction
of propagation of the wave. (water waves, light waves, electromagnetic waves)
4. Define longitudinal wave
-Wave in which the vibration particles in the medium is parallel to the direction
propagation of the wave. (sound waves, ultrasound)
5. State wavefront
-Line or plane on which the vibrations of every points are in phase and are at the same
distance from the source of the wave.
6. Define one complete oscillation
-When the vibrating oscillation occurs when the vibrating objects moves to and fro from
its original position and moves In the same direction as its original motion.
7. Define wave speed
-The measurement of how fast a crest is moving from a fixed point.
8. State Damping
-Decrease in the amplitude of an oscillating system when its energy is drained out as
heat energy.
9. State resonance
-Resonance occurs when a system is made to oscillate at a frequency equivalent to its.
10. State the law of reflection
-The incident ray, reflected ray and normal are all lie on the same plane
-Angle of incident same as the angle of reflection.
11. State the r/s between depth of water with wavespeed, wavelength and frequency
-V=f
12. State the change in wave direction as the depth of water change
-Water passing from deep to shallow region, the water wave refracted toward the normal.
-Water passing from shallow to deep region, the water wave refracted away the normal.
13. State the characteristic of diffraction
-Frequency, wavelength and speed of waves remain unchange.
-Change in the direction of propagation and the pattern of the waves.
-The amplitude of the diffraction wave decreases so its energy decreases.
14. Define interference of wave
-Superposition of two waves originating from two coherent sources.
15. State principle of superposition
-The combine where forms of two or more intefering waves is given by the sum of
displacement of the individual wave.
16. What is coherent source
-Same frequency, amplitude and in phase.
17. State the constructive and destructive interference
Constructive interference
-Occurs when the both crests or both troughs or both waves coincide to produce a wave
with crests and troughs of maximum amplitude.
Destructive interference
-Occurs when the crest of one wave coincides with the trough of the other wave, thus
cancelling each other with the result that the resultant amplitude is zero.
18. State the characteristic of the sound waves
-Longitudinal waves.
19. What affect the loudness, pitch and sound quality
-Amplitude of the wave (loudness of the sound)
-Frequency of the wave (pitch of the sound)
20. State the characteristic of the light wave.
-Transverse wave.
-Light can undergo reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference.
21. Define electromagnetic waves
-Propagating waves in space with electric and magnetic components. These components
oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation of wave.
22. Define polarisation of light
-The process of confining the vibrations of the electric vector of light waves to one
direction.
23. State all the electromagnetic spectrum
-Radiowaves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultra violet light, x-ray, gamma ray
24. Define static electricity
-Familiar electric phenomenon in charged particles are transferred from one to another.
25. Define electric current
-The rate of charge flow past a given point in an electric circuit.
26. State the electric field
-A Field in which electric charge experiences an electric force.
-A Field in which electric force acts in a particle with electric charge.
27. Define potential differences
-Work done in moving one coulomb of charge from one point to another in an electric field.
28. Define Ohm's law
-Current is directly proportional to potential difference across the end of the conductor,
if temperature and other physical conditions remain constant.
29. State all the factors that affect the resistance
-Length, cross-sectional area, type of material, temperature.
30. Define superconductor
-Conductor in which its resistance will suddenly become zero when it is cooled below a
certain temperature called the critical temperature.
31. State critical temperature
-A material where resistance becomes zero when its temperature drops to a certain value.
32. List the formula for R, I and V if arranged in series and parallel
Series Circuit
- I(1)=I(2)
V=V(1)+V(2)
R=R(1)+R(2)
Parallel Circuit
- V+V(1)=V(2)
I=I(1)+I(2)
1/R=1/R(1)+1/R(2)
33. Define electromotive force (emf)
-Total energy supplied by a cell to move a unit of electrical charge from one terminal to
the other through the cell and the external circuit.
34. Equation to find emf
-E=I(R+r)
E= V+ Ir
35. Define internal resistance
-Emf is the work done to drive 1C of charge around a complete circuit.
36. Define electrical energy
-The ability of the electric current to do work.
37. Define electrical power
-The rate of work done or energy dissipated or transferred.
38. State the unit use to calculate the cost of electrical energy
-E=pt
1 kwh= 1kw x 1hr
39. State the equation in finding the efficiency of electrical appliances
- output power/input power x 100%
40. Define electromagnet
-A magnet made by winding a coil of insulator wire round a soft iron core, so that a
magnetic field is produced when a current is passed through the coil.
41. The strength of a electromagnet can be measured by..
-The number of turns of the coil, the size of the current carried by the coil, the material
used for the core.
42. Define current-carrying conductors and magnetic field
-An object that allows the flow of electric current in one or more directions.
43. Use of the right-hand grip rule is..
-Grip the wire using the right hand, with your thumb pointing in the direction of the
current. Your other fingers now point round the wire in the direction of the magnetic field
when the direction of the current is reverse, the magnetic field direction also is reverse.
44. Use of the fleming's left-hand rule is..
-In the forefinger, second finger and the thumb of the left hand are extended at right
angles to each other, with the forefingers in the direction of the magnitude field, the
second finger in the direction of the current, then the thumb will point the direction of the
force, F or motion
45. State the factors that affect the magnitude of the force on a current-carrying conductor
-Strength of the magnitude field, magnitude of the current, length of the current-carrying
conductor.
46. Define electromagnetic induction
-The production of an electric current by a changing magnitude field.
47. State how to increase the induced current.
-Moving the magnet or solenoid at a higher speed
-Increasing the number of turns on the solenoid
-Increasing the strength of the magnetic field
48. Define Faraday's law and Lenz's law
-The magnitude of induced e.m.f is directly proportional to the rate of chg of the magnetic flux.
-An induced current always flows in such a direction so as to oppose the change producing it.
49. Use of the fleming's right-hand rule is..
-To determine the direction of induced current.
50. Define transformer
-An electrical device which increases or decreases on alternating voltage based on the
principle of electromagnetic induction.
51. State 2 type of transformer
-Step-up transformer and step-down transformer
52. State the operating of a transformer
-A transformer works on the principle of elctromagnetic induction
-When a.c voltage,Vp is supplied to the primary coil of transformer, an alternating current
flows through the coil, the soft iron core is magnetised in one way and then the other
-An alternating e.m.f is induced across it to produce an a.c voltage, Vs in the secondary coil
and a.c current flows through it
53. Define thermionic emission
-The process of emission release of electron from a heated metal surface.
54. State the properties of cathode rays