EHV AC Substations : Layout, Equipment, Bus arrangements

1.0 Contents:
a) PURPOSE
b) CLASSIFICATIONS
c) VOLTAGE CLASS & RATINGS
d) Bus switching schemes
e) SLD & La !uts
f) SUBSTATION E"UIP#ENTS.
g) GIS
2.0 Purpose:
1.1 The su$stati!ns a%e &e% much essentia' t!
a) E&acuate (!we% )%!m gene%ating stati!ns*
b) T%ansmit t! the '!a+ cente%s*
c) Dist%i$ute t! the uti'ities & u'timate c!nsume%s*
,*-* The E'ect%ica' (!we% gene%ati!n )%!m .+e'/ The%ma'/ Nuc'ea% an+ !the%
gene%ating stati!ns has t! $e e&acuate+ t! '!a+ cente%s* The gene%ati!n
&!'tage is 'imite+ t! ,01,2 3V +ue t! the 'imitati!n !) the %!tating
machine%* This $u'4 (!we% has t! $e ste((e+ u( t! highe% &!'tages
+e(en+ing !n 5uantum !) (!we% gene%ate+ an+ +istance t! the '!a+
cente%s* Again the (!we% has t! $e ste((e+ +!wn t! +i6e%ent '!we%
&!'tages )!% t%ansmissi!n an+ +ist%i$uti!n*
,*7 In $etween the (!we% h!uses an+ u'timate c!nsume%s a num$e% !)
T%ans)!%mati!n an+ switching stati!ns ha&e t! $e c%eate+* These a%e
gene%a'' 4n!wn as su$8stati!ns

3.0 CLASSIFICATIONS
3.1. Acc!%+ing' the su$stati!ns a%e c'assi9e+ as
a: Gene%ating su$stati!ns ca''e+ as ste( u( su$stati!ns
$: G%i+ su$stati!ns
c: Switching stati!ns
+: Sec!n+a% su$stati!ns
7*,* The gene%ating su$stati!ns a%e ste( u( stati!ns as the gene%ati!n &!'tage
nee+s t! $e ste((e+ u( t! the (%ima% t%ansmissi!n &!'tage s! that huge
$'!c4s !) (!we% can $e t%ansmitte+ !&e% '!ng +istances t! '!a+ cente%s*
7*- The g%i+ su$stati!ns a%e c%eate+ at suita$'e '!a+ cente%s a'!ng the (%ima%
t%ansmissi!n 'ines*
7*7 Switching stati!ns a%e (%!&i+e+ in $etween 'ength (%ima% t%ansmissi!n 'ines;
a) T! a&!i+ switching su%ges*
b) F!% eas seg%egati!n !) )au't <!nes*
c) F!% (%!&i+ing e6ecti&e (%!tecti!n t! the sstem in the A*C* netw!%4*
d) The switching stati!ns a's! %e5ui%e+ whe%e&e% the E.T 'ine a%e t! $e ta((e+
an+ 'ine t! $e e=ten+e+ t! +i6e%ent '!a+ cente%s with!ut an ste( +!wn
)aci'it at the switching stati!ns*
e) The num$e% !) !utg!ing 'ines wi'' $e m!%e than the inc!ming 'ines/ +e(en+ing
!n the '!a+ (!ints*
3.4. Sec!n+a% su$stati!ns a%e '!cate+ at actua' '!a+ (!ints a'!ng the sec!n+a%
t%ansmissi!n 'ines whe%e the &!'tage is )u%the% ste((e+ +!wn t!;
a) Su$ t%ansmissi!n &!'tages
b) P%ima% +ist%i$uti!n &!'tage*
c) Dist%i$uti!n su$stati!ns a%e c%eate+ whe%e the su$8t%ansmissi!n
&!'tage an+ (%ima% +ist%i$uti!n &!'tage a%e ste((e+ +!wn t! su(('
&!'tage an+ )ee+ the actua' c!nsume%s th%!ugh a netw!%4 !)
+ist%i$uti!n an+ se%&ice 'ine
4.0. VOLTAGE CLASS AND RATINGS
Gene%a'' the )!''!wing &!'tage c'ass su$stati!ns (%e&ai'ing in In+ia
a) >*> 3V/ ,, 3V/ --3V* 8888888888 P%ima% +ist%i$uti!n V!'tage
b) 77 4V/ >>3V/ ,,?1,7-3V/ 88888888 .igh &!'tage
c) --?1-7?3V / @?? 3V/ A>0 4V 8888888888 E=t%a high V!'tage
5.0 PLANNING OF SUBSTATION INSTALLATION
0*, The (%!cess !) ('anning su$8stati!n insta''ati!ns c!nsists in
a) Esta$'ishing the $!un+a% c!n+iti!ns*
b) De9ning the ('ant c!nce(t/ t(e/ & P'anning (%inci('es*
0*- The $!un+a% c!n+iti!ns a%e g!&e%ne+ $ )!''!wing en&i%!nmenta'
ci%cumstances & a&ai'a$i'it !) the 'an+ in the %e5ui%e+ ('ace*
a) L!ca' c'imatic )act!%s
b) InBuence !) en&i%!nment
c) The !&e%a'' (!we% sstem &!'tage 'e&e'
d) Sh!%t ci%cuit %ating
e) A%%angement !) neut%a' (!int
f) The )%e5uenc !) !(e%ati!n
g) The %e5ui%e+ a&ai'a$i'it !% %e'ia$i'it
h) Sa)et %e5ui%ements
i) S(eci9c !(e%ating c!n+iti!ns
.!. T"pes o# su$st%t&ons:
a) Out +!!%8 C!n&enti!na' Ai% insu'ate+ su$stati!ns CAIS:
b) In +!!% su$stati!ns
c) C!m(%esse+ Ai% insu'ate+
d) Gas insu'ate+ su$stati!ns CGIS :
>*, The t(es !) Su$ Stati!ns +e(en+s u(!n;
a) The a&ai'a$i'it !) the 'an+ in the %e5ui%e+ ('ace*
b) En&i%!nmenta' c!n+iti!ns*
'.0. Su$(St%t&on En)&neer&n).
A*,* The Su$ Stati!n Enginee%ing c!m(%ises/
a) Su$8stati!n site se'ecti!n
b) Bus Switching schemes*
c) Bus8Ba%;
i. T(e*
ii. Si<e
d) Sa)et c'ea%ances*
i. Phase t! (hase c'ea%ances*
ii. Phase t! g%!un+ c'ea%ances*
e) Secti!na' c'ea%ance*
f) G%!un+ c'ea%ance*
g) Bus 'e&e's*
i. Fi%st 'e&e' 8888 E5ui(ment inte%c!nnecti!n 'e&e'*
ii. Sec!n+ 'e&e' 8888 Bus 'e&e's*
iii. Thi%+ 'e&e' 8888 C%!ss Bus 1 Dac4 Bus 'e&e'*
h) Ba wi+ths
i) Ea%+ 'e&e's*
j) Sing'e 'ine +iag%am & La!ut*
k) Lightning (%!tecti!n*
l) Ea%th mat*
m) Ci&i' Enginee%ing w!%4s;
i. C!nt%!' R!!m
ii. D*G & Fi%e 9ghting %!!m*
iii. Ca$'e +ucts
iv. F!un+ati!ns !) a'' e5ui(ments & #!unting st%uctu%es
v. Ea%+ 'e&e'ing
vi. A((%!ach R!a+s & R!a+s insi+e the su$stati!n
vii. Secu%it )encing & $!un+a% wa''*
viii. Fate% su((' & +%ainage
ix. C!'!n
x. Anti wee+ t%eatment
xi. S(%ea+ing !) De'' C $%!4en st!nes: in the su$stati!n a%+
n) E'ect%ica' Insta''ati!n w!%4s;
i. Stati!n st%uctu%es; T!we%/ Beams/ E5ui(ment m!unting
st%uctu%es/ Lightning cum Lighting masts/ Bus $a% )!%mati!n/
Insu'at!%s/ c'am(s & c!nnect!%s/ c!%!na %ings & %u$$e% mats/
etc
o) #ain e'ect%ica' e5ui(ments;
i. P!we% T%ans)!%me%s C ICTs:*
ii. Ci%cuit $%ea4e%s*
iii. Shunt & Bus React!%s*
iv. Reacti&e c!m(ensati!n*
v. Inst%ument T%ans)!%me%s
vi. Is!'at!%s
vii. Lightning 1 Su%ge A%%est!%s
viii. C!nt%!' (ane's
ix. P%!tecti!n & Re'a (ane's*
x. P*L*C*C E5ui(ments
xi. C!nt%!' & P!we% ca$'es*
xii. Su$stati!n Aut!mati!n
xiii. Fi%e Fighting e5ui(ments
p) Au=i'ia% su(('ies;
i. A*C Su((';
ii. D*C* Su(('8 Batte% & Batte% cha%ge%s
iii. D*G Sets
iv. A*C & D*C (ane's 1 switch B!a%+s
*.!. S+&t,-&n) s,-e.es
2*, The se'ecti!n !) switching scheme +e(en+ u(!n;
a) Re'ia$i'it )act!%
b) A&ai'a$i'it !) the s(ace
c) Ec!n!mics C(%!Gect c!st:
d) The%e can $e se&e%a' c!m$inati!ns in which the e5ui(ments/ $us8$a%s/
st%uctu%es etc* can $e a%%ange+ t! achie&e a (a%ticu'a% switching
scheme*
2*-*The &a%i!us t(es !) switching schemes a'!ng with its a+&antages an+
+isa+&antages;
a: S&n)/e Bus %rr%n)e.ent:
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Sim('e in
Design
2. Less
E=(en+itu%e

1. In case !) $us )au't !% $us $a% is!'at!%
)au't !% maintenance T!ta' Su$stati!n is
!ut !) se%&ice*
2. In case !) maintenance !) t%ans)!%me%
ci%cuit $%ea4e% the ass!ciate+
t%ans)!%me% has a's! t! $e shut8+!wn*
Simi'a%' )!% Line a's!*
b) S&n)/e Bus +&t- $us se,t&on%/&ser:

#ain Bus is +i&i+e+ int! tw! secti!ns with a Ci%cuit B%ea4e% an+ is!'at!%s in
$etween the a+G!ining secti!ns* One c!m('ete secti!n can $e ta4en !ut )!%
#aintenance with!ut +istu%$ing the c!ntinuit !) !the% secti!n* E&en i) a )au't
!ccu%s !n !ne secti!n !) the Bus/ that )au't secti!n a'!ne wi'' $e is!'ate+ whi'e the
!the% secti!n c!ntinues t! $e in se%&ice* It wi'' $e a 'itt'e m!%e c!st' with the
a++iti!n !) !ne is!'at!% an+ s!me cases with Ci%cuit $%ea4e%/ C*Ts an+ C&R (ane'
c) SINGLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SESTE#;
i. Fith this a%%angement/ a'' the )ee+e%s a%e n!%ma'' !n the #ain Bus Ba%* I)
at an time/ a Line Ci%cuit B%ea4e%1 T%ans)!%me% ci%cuit $%ea4e%
#aintenance is %e5ui%e+ !% $%ea4 +!wn !) Ci%cuit $%ea4e% !% CTs/ that
(a%ticu'a% )ee+e%1 t%ans)!%me% / can $e t%ans)e%%e+ !n t! the T%ans)e% Bus*
The )ee+e% (%!tecti!n thus gets t%ans)e%%e+ t! t%i( T%ans)e% Bus C!u('e%
B%ea4e%* On )au't !ccu%%ence !% maintenance/ enti%e $us $ec!mes +e8
ene%gi<e+.
ii. Sa'ient )eatu%es;
On' !ne Ci%cuit at a time can $e t%ans)e%%e+ !n the T%ans)e% Bus*
F!% #aintenance !% !n )au't !ccu%%ence/ t!ta' Bus $ec!mes +ea+*
d) DOUBLE BUSBAR;
The%e a%e si= t(es !) Bus switching schemes +!u$'e $us $a%s
i. DOUBLE BUSBAR SESTE#*
ii. DOUBLE BUS FIT. SECTIONALISER SESTE#*
iii. DOUBLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SESTE#*
iv. DOUBLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS FIT. SECTIONALISER SESTE#*
v. ONE & .ALF BREA3ER SESTE#
vi. ONE & .ALF BREA3ER FIT. SECTIONALISER SESTE#
+8i: D!u$'e main Bus sstem C Bus 8, & Bus8-: & D!u$'e main Bus with t%ans)e%
Bus scheme
Dou$/e .%&n $us:
This sstem has g!t Be=i$i'it !) t%ans)e%%ing an Ci%cuit t! an !) the Bus*F!%
#aintenance !% !n )au't !ccu%%ence !n !ne Bus/ then !n' that Bus $ec!mes
+ea+/ whi'e the !the% Bus %emains in se%&ice* F!% #aintenance !) a Ci%cuit
B%ea4e%/ that (a%ticu'a% Ci%cuit has t! $e ta4en !ut !) se%&ice* T! !&e%c!me this/
an a++iti!na' $(ass is!'at!% is (%!&i+e+ as in+icate+ in 9gu%e a$!&e
Dou$/e .%&n $us +&t- Tr%ns#er $us:
This sstem is a c!m$inati!n !) #ain an+ T%ans)e% Bus an+ D!u$'e Bus
A%%angement*This has g!t Be=i$i'it !) t%ans)e%%ing an Ci%cuit t! an !) the #ain
Buses*F!% #aintenance !% an )au't !ccu%%ence !n a Bus/ Pa%ticu'a% Bus !n'
$ec!mes +ea+/ whi'e the !the% Bus c!ntinues t! $e in se%&ice*An Ci%cuit B%ea4e%
can $e ta4en !ut )!% #aintenance $ t%ans)e%%ing that ci%cuit t! T%ans)e% Bus/ an+
t%ans)e%%ing its P%!tecti!n t! T%ans)e% Bus C!u('e% Ci%cuit B%ea4e%.
e) One 0 -%/# $re%1er s"ste.:
This sstem has 7 Ci%cuit B%ea4e%s )!% Tw! Ci%cuits*C One is Line an!the% is
T%ans)!%me% !% Bus React!% !% $!th a%e Lines: N! change!&e% !) Line )%!m !ne
Bus t! the !the% is %e5ui%e+* F!% Ci%cuit B%ea4e% #aintenance !) an Line/ the
'!a+ gets t%ans)e%%e+ Aut!matica'' t! the !the% $us* F!% #aintenance !% an
!ccu%%ence !) a Bus )au't/ a'' the inte%c!nnecti!ns wi'' $e !n hea'th $us an+ n!
+istu%$ance t! the Ci%cuits* E&en i) $!th Buses $ec!me +ea+/ Ci%cuits can sti'' $e
in se%&ice th%!ugh the Tie Ci%cuit B%ea4e%*This has g!t man such a+&antages t!
maintain the sstem sta$i'it*
f) Dou$/e Bus 0 Dou$/e $re%1er s"ste.
G%eatest !(e%ati!na' Be=i$i'it / G%eatest !(e%ati!na' Be=i$i'it / C!nnecti!n
(!ssi$'e t! eithe% $us $a%/ Each $%ea4e% can $e se%&ice+ with!ut c!m('ete'
+isc!nnecting the $%anch/ .igh Re'ia$i'it/ #!st e=(ensi&e as it in&!'&es
a++iti!na' $%ea4e%/ CT Is!'at!%s etc )!% each ci%cuit.
g) R&n) Bus &n % su$st%t&on:
F/e2&$&/&t" #or $re%1er .%&nten%n,e, E%,- $re%1er re.o3%$/e +&t-out
4&s,onne,t&n) /o%4, On/" one $re%1er nee4e4 per $r%n,-, E%,- $r%n,-
,onne,te4 to net+or1 $" t+o $re%1ers, A// ,-%n)e(o3er s+&t,-&n) 4one
+&t- ,&r,u&t($re%1ers 0 -en,e 5e2&$/e.
6.!. Bus $%r:
a: T(e !) Bus $a%s H St%ung Bus1F'e=i$'e Bus an+ Rigi+ Tu$u'a% Bus
$: St%ung Bus; The &a%i!us T(es !) c!n+uct!%s use+ )!% St%ung Bus a%e
i. A'' A'uminum c!n+uct!% CAAC:
ii. A'' A'uminum a''! c!n+uct!% CAAAC:
iii. A'uminum c!n+uct!% with a'uminum a''! %ein)!%ce+ CACAR:
iv. A'uminum c!n+uct!% with stee' %ein)!%ce+ CACSR:
c) Rigi+ tu$u'a% c!n+uct!%s a%e a's! use+ in su$stati!ns/ which a%e m!%e
a+&antage!us than the Be=i$'e c!n+uct!%s
d) S&7es o# Bus B%r
The im(!%tant )act!%s )!% se'ecti!n !) the c!n+uct!% si<es in a su$8stati!n
a%e/
i. N!%ma' cu%%ent ca%%ing ca(a$i'it
ii. Sh!%t ci%cuit heating with stan+ ca(a$i'it
iii. Su%)ace g%a+ient
iv. C!%!na )%ee (e%)!%mance
10.0 E/e,tr&,%/ s%#et" ,/e%r%n,es:
a:The &a%i!us c'ea%ances which nee+ t! $e +e9ne+*
i. Phase8t!8ea%th c'ea%ance*
ii. Phase8t!8(hase c'ea%ance*
iii. Secti!na' c'ea%ance*
iv. G%!un+ c'ea%ance*
v. E5ui(ment t! e5ui(ment s(acing
b) The e'ect%ica' an+ sa)et c'ea%ances t! $e a+!(te+ in su$stati!n a%e
g!&e%ne+ $ )!''!wing (a%amete%s*
i. Basic Im(u'se Insu'ati!n 'e&e's CBIL:*
ii. Basic Switching Im(u'se 'e&e' CBSL:*
iii. IE Ru'es*
iv. A''!wances in t!'e%ance in +imensi!ns !) st%uctu%a' w!%4*
v. Sa)et ma%gins )!% un)!%eseen e%%!%s
c) The stan+a%+ c'ea%ances )!% &a%i!us &!'tage c'assesI
11.0 S&n)/e L&ne D&%)r%.s:
a) This +iag%am in+icates the (%!(!se+ $us $a% a%%angement an+ %e'ati&e
(!siti!ns !) &a%i!us e5ui(ments* The%e a%e nume%!us &a%iati!ns !) $us $a%
a%%angement*
b) The ch!ice !) a (a%ticu'a% a%%angement +e(en+s !n &a%i!us )act!%s &i<*
Sstem &!'tage/ (!siti!n !) the su$stati!n in the sstem/ Be=i$i'it/ e=(ecte+
%e'ia$i'it !) (!we% su((' an+ c!st*
c) The )!''!wing technica' c!nsi+e%ati!n must $e $!%ne in min+ whi'e +eci+ing
u(!n an !ne a%%angement.
i. Sim('icit is the 4e n!te !) a +e(en+a$'e sstem
ii. #aintenance sh!u'+ $e eas with minimum inte%%u(ti!n !) su(('
iii. Sa)et t! the !(e%ating (e%s!nne'
iv. A'te%nati&e a%%angement sh!u'+ $e a&ai'a$'e in the e&ent !) an !utage !n
an !) the e5ui(ments !% secti!ns !) su$ stati!n
v. The 'a!ut sh!u'+ n!t hin+e% )!% e=(ansi!n an+1!% augmentati!n at a 'ate%
+ate/ t! meet the )utu%e '!a+ g%!wth
vi. The insta''ati!n sh!u'+ $e as ec!n!mica' as (!ssi$'e 4ee(ing in &iew !) the
%e5ui%ements an+ c!ntinuit !) su(('
d) SLD #or 88! 1V su$st%t&on +&t- s&n)/e $us $ot- on 88! 1V 0 1V s&4e:
e) SLD #or 88! 1V su$st%t&on +&t- Dou$/e Bus $%r s"ste. on 88! 1V 0 11!
1V s&4e:

f) SLD #or 4!! 1V su$st%t&on +&t- One 0 -%/# $re%1er s"ste. on 4!! 1V
%n4 Dou$/e Bus 0 Tr%ns#er $us s"ste. on 88! 1V s&4e
18.!. Su$st%t&on /%" out:
The sing'e 'ine +iag%am/ $us switching scheme/ $a wi+ths/ secti!n &
g%!un+ c'ea%ances/ is t! $e t%ans'ate+ the se'ecte+ scheme int! a 'a!ut s!
as t! (hsica'' achie&e the )ee+e% switching %e5ui%e+ )!% ease in e%ecti!n
an+ maintenance;
19.0 INSULATION : CO(ORDINATION ;
a) Insu'ati!n c!!%+inati!n is the t!ta' !) a'' measu%es ta4en t! %est%ict Bash
!&e% !% $%ea4 +!wn !) the insu'ati!n cause+ $ !&e% &!'tages at ('aces
with in an insta''ati!n at which the %esu'ting +amage is as s'ight as
(!ssi$'e* This is achie&e+ $ using 'ightning a%%este%s t! 'imit !&e%
&!'tages*
b) The e5ui(ments a%e a's! t! $e +esigne+ t! withstan+ 'ightning an+
switching su%ges* The n!mina' 'ightning im(u'se withstan+ &!'tage an+
(!we% )%e5uenc withstan+ &!'tage )!% &a%i!us &!'tage c'asses a%e as
)!''!ws;
c) LIG;TNING PROTECTION:
In .*V*& E.V su$stati!ns/ the (%!tecti!n )%!m the 'ightning is +!ne eithe%
$ shie'+ wi%e !% 'ightning mast Chigh 'attice st%uctu%e with a s(i4e !n t!(:
an+ s!metimes c!m$inati!ns !) $!th +e(en+ing u(!n t(e !) 'a!ut !)
su$stati!n*
i. S-&e/4 +&re
Shie'+ wi%e 'ightning (%!tecti!n sstem wi'' $e gene%a'' use+ in
sma''e% su$ stati!ns !) L!we% &!'tage c'ass/ whe%e num$e% !) $as a%e
'ess/ a%ea !) the su$stati!n is sma''* & height !) the main st%uctu%es
a%e !) n!%ma' height* The maG!% +isa+&antage !) shie'+ wi%e t(e
'ightning (%!tecti!n is/ that it causes sh!%t ci%cuit in the su$stati!n !%
ma e&en +amage the c!st' e5ui(ments in case !) its )ai'u%e
Csna((ing :*
d) L&)-tn&n) .%sts <L=>
This t(e !) (%!tecti!n wi'' $e gene%a'' use+ in 'a%ge/ e=t%a high &!'tage
su$ stati!ns whe%e num$e% !) $as a%e m!%e* It has the )!''!wing
a+&antages/
i. It %e+uces the height !) main st%uctu%es/ as (ea4s )!% shie'+ wi%e a%e
n!t %e5ui%e+
ii. It %em!&es the (!ssi$i'it !) an $ac4 Bash!&e% with the nea% $
e5ui(ments1st%uctu%e/ etc*+u%ing +ischa%ge !)
iii. 'ightning st%!4es
iv. P%!&i+es )aci'it )!% h!'+ing the 'ightning 9=tu%es in the su$stati!n
)!% i''uminati!n (u%(!ses.
v. Aesthetic '!!4*
14.! E%rt- .%t re?u&re.ent:
%: The main !$Gecti&e !) ea%thing sstem in the su$stati!n is/
i. T! ensu%e that a (e%s!n in the &icinit !) su$stati!n is n!t e=(!se+ t!
+ange% !) e'ect%ica' sh!c4
ii. T! (%!&i+e eas (ath )!% )au't cu%%ents int! ea%th un+e% )au't c!n+iti!n
with!ut a6ecting the c!ntinuit !) se%&ice
iii. .ence intenti!na' ea%thing sstem is c%eate+ $ 'aing ea%thing %!+ !) mi'+
stee' in the s!i' !) su$stati!n a%ea* A'' e5ui(ments1st%uctu%es which a%e n!t
meant t! ca%% the cu%%ents )!% n!%ma' !(e%ating sstem a%e c!nnecte+ with
main ea%th mat
iv. The ea%thing sstem in a su$stati!n se%&es the )!''!wing
P%!tects the 'i)e an+ (%!(e%t )%!m !&e%8&!'tage
T! 'imit ste( & t!uch (!tentia' t! the w!%4ing sta6 in su$stati!n
P%!&i+es '!w im(e+ance (ath t! )au't cu%%ents t! ensu%e (%!m(t an+
c!nsistent !(e%ati!n !) (%!tecti&e +e&ice
Sta$i'i<es the ci%cuit (!tentia's with %es(ect t! g%!un+ an+ 'imit the
!&e%a'' (!tentia' %ise
3ee(s the ma=imum &!'tage g%a+ients within sa)e 'imit +u%ing g%!un+
)au't c!n+iti!n insi+e an+ a%!un+ su$stati!n
b) The main ea%th mat sha'' $e 'ai+ h!%i<!nta'' at a %egu'a% s(acing in $!th J & E
+i%ecti!n $ase+ u(!n s!i' %esisti&it &a'ue an+ sh!%t ci%cuit &a'ue at su$stati!n*
The main ea%th mat sha'' $e +esigne+ t! 'imit the )!''!wingI
i. Touch Potential H The (!tentia' +i6e%ence $etween tw! (!ints/ !ne
!n the g%!un+ whe%e a man ma stan+ an+ an !the% (!int which can
$e simu'tane!us' t!uche+ $ eithe% han+*
ii. Step Potential H The (!tentia' +i6e%ence $etween an tw! (!ints !n
g%!un+ su%)ace which can $e simu'tane!us' t!uche+ $ )eet*
iii. =%2&.u. )roun4 .%t res&st%n,e sha'' $e 'ess than ,*? !hm )!%
su$stati!ns !) --?4V c'ass an+ $e'!w/ an+ sha'' $e ?*0 !hms )!% @??4V
an+ a$!&e &!'tage c'ass*
iv. T-e e%rt- ro4s sha'' $e ca(a$'e !) with stan+ing sh!%t ci%cuit cu%%ent
)!% s(eci9e+ (e%i!+*
v. F!% I 3A SC cu%%ent )!% , sec!n+ the minimum c%!ss secti!na' a%ea !)
#*S* R!+ 1 F'at sha'' $e ,-*,> s5 mm with we'+e+ G!ints*
15.! . INSULATORS:
%> T"pes o# &nsu/%tors : D&s, t"pe 0 Post t"pe :
&. D&s, t"pe
ii. Post t"pe ; Pe+esta' (!st !% stac4ing t(e %n4 S!'i+ c!%e t(e
The +esign c!nsi+e%ati!ns a%e/
The (hase t! ea%th c'ea%ance which +ete%mines the height
Insu'ati!n 'e&e'
P!we% )%e5uenc withstan+ 'e&e'
#echanica' st%ength i*e*/ main' canti'e&e% st%ength
#inimum c%ee(age +imensi!ns
1.! I//u.&n%t&on;
The in+!!% & !ut +!!% a%eas !) su$ stati!n a%e t! $e (%!(e%' i''uminate+* The
minimum 'u= 'e&e's t! $e maintaine+ in the +i6e%ent a%eas a%e )!''!ws*