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a passion for masochism and trauma:
romanias (g)ptsd

Human bodies used to draw the dictators portrait. (Bucharest, August 1986)
Source: Communism in Romania Project. National History Museum of Romania.
For the past twenty-three years, Romanians have been suffering of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The
fact that it was not recognized as such made it challenging to properly engage with its causes and deal with its
symptoms. Described as a medical condition occurring after a person has experienced or witnessed a traumatic
or terrifying event in which serious physical harm occurred or was threatened (WebMD), in Romanias case
the PTSD was caused by Nicolae Ceausescus brutal personal dictatorship. As that took place at national level
and made the disorder a social phenomenon, it could be re-labeled in this case as Group Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder (GPTSD). Romanians are not, by any means, the first nation to deal with GPTSD, although I am not
aware of any other commentators who used a similar term. Postwar Germany and Japan, for instance, dealt
with these issues after being defeated in WWII.
Romanias special case within the former Eastern European communist block as the most violent personal
dictatorship has never been formally identified as national trauma by the countrys new political leadership,
which was more interested in installing itself in power and perpetuating the tools of oppression through
different means than its predecessors. As a consequence, Romanians were not educated about how to
understand themselves as victims of abuse and did not engage with that traumatic experience in a healthy way.
While they displayed all the symptoms of PTSD, shock, anger, nervousness, fear, and even guilt (WebMD),
Romanians re-directed that energy and dealt with the trauma as a loss. The history of post-communist
Romania is thus an open book for Kbler-Rosss five stages of grief.
*****

For 6 to 8 weeks every school year, students were forced to leave school and work in the fields for 8 to 10 hours per day. The work
was hard, the pay insignificant, and learning was postponed.

Volunteer Youth Labor Site
Romanians are still heavily traumatized by their communist dictatorship experience, which ended shamefully
with Nicolae Ceausescus last years of apotheotic personal dictatorship and madness. Humiliated, lacking the
most elementary freedoms, forced to run famished

Three-month ratio card. The store where the family was assigned, the last name, and the number of family members are recorded.
This card was for sugar, oil, flour and cornmeal, although that did not mean that all those were available every month.

Monthly bread ratio card. If lost, the bearers right to purchase bread is forfeit. is mentioned on the very top.
from one food line to another, over time Romanians got used to not be respected as human beings, as political
subjects, as members of the civil society. Submitted to systematic ideological rape, whacked brutally over the
head every time they tried to stick it out and be different, twenty some million people were transformed into
psychological masochists, trained to enjoyed ideological and physical traumas. After all, how did it matter that,
stuck as they were in their crammed apartment buildings, they could only get hot water two, three days a week,
on Tuesdays and Fridays, from 6 to 10 pm (not that they could count on any schedule to be respected so they
could at least plan accordingly.Time control, as was brilliantly shown by Katherine Verdery in the chapter
The Etatization of Time in Ceausescus Romania of her 1996 What Was Socialism and What Comes Next?,
being one method through which the regime aimed to control the population)? Who cared that the regimes
scientists had decided how

Food line. Sometimes, people would queue up in front of the grocery stores simply waiting for merchandise to be delivered without
even knowing they might end up buying or even if there would be a delivery that day.
Photo: Andrei Pandele.
much meat, how many eggs, how many ounces of sugar, flour, oil, and even bread the population was allowed
to eat per month and they had even issued ratio cards to make sure that no one had more than the scientifically
prescribed portions (that is, if you didnt have the right connections within the state-owned food distribution
system or you didnt become a black market customer)? Whose problem it was that although they lived in an
agricultural country Romanians could not buy decent fruit and vegetables, and what they could find for sale was
dirty, half rotten, or rejected for export, but deemed

Breadlines.
satisfactory for domestic consumption? For whom did it matter that one of the major events of every evening
was the electricity being turned back on after hours of cooking, eating, doing homework or playing in the
darkness, and that children even had a verse they chanted for the occasion: A venit curentul, baba cu
patentul./The old lady with the pliers, brought back the electric wires? After all, the brilliant leader, as he was
called by the state mass media, had committed to pay the countrys external debt to make sure that no other
government could ever interfere in Romanias affairs and, God forbid!, force it out of its isolation and
despotism.

Public transportation in 1980s Bucharest.
Photo: Andrei Pandele.
For four and a half decades of communist dictatorship, Romanians got used slowly, but inevitably, to being
victimized, taunted, and tormented. And, like a drug, they became addicted to abuse. That is why the
Revolution of December 1989 took them somewhat by surprise. They took themselves by surprise with the
courage to stand up to their oppressor, a courage they did not believe themselves to still have. But, as it turns
out, they were not prepared to be freed from abuse, leave behind the perpetual victim status and shake off the
inept political system and its mediocre leader.
In her 1969 seminal work On Death and Dying, Elisabeth Kbler-Ross determined the five stages of grief.
Without occurring in a particular order, she usually described them as denial, anger, bargaining, depression
and acceptance.
*****
Unable to articulate their trauma for what it was, and deprived of a real lustration law until 2012twenty years
too latewhich would have allowed for the healing to begin, Romanians confused their national trauma for
loss. The loss of abuse. The Kbler-Ross model allows us point out the steps to healing.

University Square, May 1990. Zone Free of Neo-Communism
The first stage was anger. Throughout the 90s, Romania was a gunpowder barrel. The opponents of the first
democratically-held elections in May 1990 occupied the University Square in downtown Bucharest to protest
against the newly-elected government and president of the country in an attempt to denounce them for their
privileged positions under the communist regime. They asked for a lustration law immediately and for the
elimination of all former communist party members from public life. They asked for a national trial of
communism and its crimes, a feat which Ceausescus military court and execution did not achieve, and which is
still a desideratum for many Romanians today. For some two months students, opposition party leaders,
journalists, and artists demonstrated peacefully against the government, recognizing that those who voted for
the same names and faces they knew from before did not understand what it meant to be able to express your
opinion freely, that they were still unconsciously trapped in the victim mentality and unable to make a different
choice. The demonstration in the University Square represented one of the first attempts at the health of the
nation. It was, however, brought to a violent end by the president elect Ion Iliescu who called upon the
countrys miners to help clean up Bucharest of fascists and drug users, and protect the victory of the
December 1989 Revolution, in a discourse reminiscent of his 1950s Moscow education as a communist activist.
The miners came, and with righteous Bolshevik anger, punished everyone they could get their hands on:
opposition politicians, intellectuals, students, university professors. They pillaged, burned, stole and raped. Ion
Iliescu has never answered for the six deaths and the 700 wounded in June 1990 and he never took
responsibility for his acts.

Miners Invading Bucharest, June 1990.
And the violence continued throughout the first half of the 1990s. It took varied forms. In Transylvania,
Romanian-Hungarian inter-ethnic tensions, kept under artificial control by the communist regime for years,
exploded resulting in an outpouring of pent-up ethnic hatred. In Southern Romania, ethnic Roma clashed with
Romanians on various occasions. In parallel, a national angry reaction to everything perceived as a symbol of
the forcefully-imposed values was directed against patriotism, voluntary work, social involvement, and care for
fellow humans and for community. The results of that national anger are still visible today.
It was that anger that led to the installation in power of a postcolonial governance, led by former second-
echelon communist

Miners punishing the University Square demonstrators. June 1990.
party leaders, such as regional organization secretaries, military and secret service officers hungry for power
and material benefits and ready for payback, and managers of state companies turned capitalists who got first
dibs on the privatization of the few profitable enterprises of Ceausescus moribund and monstrously
anachronistic industry and became millionaires. In short, the anger of the populace, together with its inability
to see through a different type of ideological manipulation, perpetrated openly, through mass media, allowed
for the Revolution profiteers to take over.
Unable to devise and apply any other leadership practices than the ones that they had learned as apprentices
and servants of their former masters, Romanias new political class installed a postcolonial system, thus
continuing the practices of the ancien rgime. In the long run, that gave the political observers the impression
that the December 1989 street demonstrations against Ceausescu and communism were not spontaneous after
all, but the workings of a coup dtat conspiracy. It was Romanias postcolonial regime that permitted and
legitimized corruption at all levels, refused to adopt lustration laws, empowered profiteering and theft and
established a rotten oligarchy very much alive today.
Romanias postcolonialism lasted for about a decade, until 2000, and encompassed Ion Iliescu and Emil
Constantinescus presidential mandates. Despite the fact that he was a president elected by the democratic
opposition, Constantinescu was only able to prove once again that Romanians were tributaries to an
authoritarian state of mind. Undoubtedly animated by the desire to change the countrys political spectrum, the
opposition came into power in 1996 without the slightest idea of how to govern outside the structure imposed
by the communist regime and perpetuated by their continuators, the Social Democratic Party of Romania
(today, the Social Democratic Party), from 1990 on. Once elected, the Christian Democrats and the National
Liberals strengthened the countrys postcolonial system and continued to lead it the same way as before,
authoritatively.
*****
Around the year 2000, Romanians moved away from the anger stage and entered a combined stage
of denialand bargaining. It was at this point that the voice of the young intelligentsia was heard for the first
time, when the ideological possibility of social capitalism came to fore, and when the long debated and delayed
attempts to address the issue of the crimes of the communist regime were finally beginning to take shape.
Thebargaining stage came to a rather abrupt and irreversible end in 2007, when Romania, still suffering and
unsure of its place in the world, joined the European Union. The dialog within the civil society was replaced by
legislation directives from Brussels, freedoms barely understood had to be given up and with them the chance
to develop a way to think critically about individual rights, multinational corporations and overbearing state
systems. Romanians joined the EU full of hope and good intentions, determined to heal themselves from
decades of oppression, meet the expectations of their rich partners and change themselves in a competitive,
prosperous European nation. Unfortunately, they found themselves in a federative system that was not really
federal, in a legislative system where the laws were adopted not with their needs in mind, but which they were
obligated to follow nonetheless despite the fact that they did not have the same rights and benefits like the
citizens of the countries that are the de facto leaders of the Union.
Denial, however, continues to this day. Romanians are still unable to admit to themselves that the absurd
system they had to live through was, for all intents and purposes, abusive. They refuse to accept that fact and
hang on to the idea of loss, deploring the good times of the regime. Rather than looking in the mirror and
spelling out the enormity that dominated their lives for so long, and understanding themselves for what they
really are: victims of ideological rape at national level, Romanians are electing to identify with their abuser, call
the dictator the best leader of postwar Romania, elevate him at rank of saint and martyr and organize
pilgrimages to his grave. They are always ready to argue with whoever dares remind them how hard it was to
live in an ideological cage, how humiliating to be afraid of neighbors and family members, how desperate to see
no future in sight. They reply invoking happy memories of childhood, adolescence, youth, and forgetting that
time not only heals everything, but also alters memory and helps remember only good things. But when happy
childhood remembrances push aside the arrests, the forced labor in the fields, the dissidents, the labor camps,
the interdiction to travel abroad forgetting is akin to sin. Forgetting opens the door to history repeating itself.
After twenty-three years of post-communism lived in misery, six years after joining the European Union, and
when their status as second-class citizens of the exclusive Benelux countries club seems to become reality,
Romanians are dealing with the depression stage. National depression. Most dont believe in anything
anymore, dont see a future and lost all hope that Romania will ever be a normal country again. It is true that in
the past few months there have also been signs of acceptance: civil society revival is visible aided by a better
assessment of Romanias long years of Soviet military and ideological occupation, peoples engagement with the
political class is different, and national pride is returning. But the national psyche is still far from healing. Its
difficult to predict how long the depression stage will last and how it will end, especially since it coincides with a
prolonged period of global economic instability, which always ends up breeding nationalism. Only when they
will go through the depression stage, will Romanians be capable to accept their status as abuse victims,
understand better what happened to them as a nation from 1946 until 1989, and finally move on. Until then,
their national (Group) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms will continue.
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Older Comments
1. Alex
Solutia.. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nEP2eVbgd8
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OCTOBER 4, 2013 AT 8:12 AM
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2. L
I completely agree with the authors diagnosis on the Romanian people!
However, I do not see any solution to this dilemma, sadly, other than invading this country by a foreign power
and wipe out this god-forsaken, mentally broken nation.
Considering just how messed up over 90% of Romanians are (dont even get me started on the right-winged,
orthodox-inspired obsessions & egocentricism), the best would be to get rid of each and every one of these Mid-
Europe losers and replace them with a nation that is indeed worthy, such as the Germans or Japanese.
Heres to hoping for a nuclear accident at Cernavoda, melting out this nation made out of greedy, selfish,
envious, corrupt humans that populate it temporarily!
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OCTOBER 4, 2013 AT 8:53 AM
REPLY
o George T. Sipos
Thank you for your thoughts, but lets not be extreme. The article is not intended to lambast
Romanians, but rather to present as they really are: victims of an abusive regime. That is what I believe
we need to make peace with before being able to move forward: the fact that we have been consistently
ideologically raped as a nation for years in a row. The tragedy is that we could not properly articulate
our status as victims and we thought of ourselves to be the bad guys. We even started taking pride in
being the bad guys of Europe.
This article came after several years of analyzing and trying to understand.
And I must say, I see hope and lots of it. Since last year, Romanias civil society has been coagulating
beautifully and it is ready to heal. It took us a bit longer than other Eastern European nations, but we
are there now. We are organizing ourselves to make our voice heard. We have public debates about
vital issues for the health of the nation: the corrupt government, the stray dogs, Rosia Montana.
I have faith and confidence that we are finally on right path.
Please check back to see my next article about Confuciuss Birth in Bucharest. :)
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OCTOBER 4, 2013 AT 9:09 AM
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L
Im sorry, but I cannot see hope for a nation that idolizes BOTH Ceausescu AND murderers
like Zelea Codreanu or Antonescu (although the latter had, from what I read, some really
good external affairs skills that partially redeem him), calling themselves christians while
completely agreeing with the Legionaries crimes. Yeah, no paradox there whatsoever.
From my point of view, this nation is too stuck up, too hypocritical and too artificially-inflated
cocky-ness to be allowed to exist in the next century. As long as we keep calling ourselves
The Garden of the Mother of God and think ourselves the center of the universe (buricul
pamantului), I have no pity or remorse towards this pitiful nation.
Of course, Im extremely biased since I have a deep hatred for weak (mentally speaking)
people. And the Romanians are as weak and naive and lamb-like as you can get.
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OCTOBER 4, 2013 AT 9:16 AM
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George T. Sipos
Once again, I respect your position, but it seems like mine is at odds with yours. No
problem, we can always debate. My blog is open if you would like to post a full-blown
rebuttal and support your argument. I find that to also be a sign of healthy behavior.
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OCTOBER 4, 2013 AT 9:27 AM
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o Jo
I dont know what your nationality is, but I can guess its American considering your sick will of
invading everything. What makes you a winner? The fact that you were born 300 or 3000 km away
from this Mid- europe losers? Germans??? who exterminated million of people? Indeed they are
winners! You obviously dont know anything about this country and if you live there shame on you! As
for a nuclear accident at Cernava I cannot wish but the same! But hopely that happens in you own
garden, so that normal people cannot be affected!
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3

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OCTOBER 6, 2013 AT 1:50 AM
REPLY
o R
WTF?!?!? Hate much?!?!
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OCTOBER 11, 2013 AT 3:57 PM
REPLY
3. carare puiu
SIA,CIND POPULATIA DIN ROMANIA, NU ESTE MULTUMITA DE POLITICA UE, SI ATUNCI ESTE
POPORUL ROMAN CALIFICAT A FI BONLAV DE VRE-UN SINDROM ??? DECI DACA NU ESTI
DEACORD CU POLITICA UE, IATA CA DEVII DINTR-O DATA NEBUN ! SINTEM NOI ROMANII SI
ATUNCI NEBUNI CIND NU VREM CA VRE-UN MANSON SAU CONCERN STRAIN SA EXPLOATEZE
ROSIA-MONTANA ??? SINTEM NEBUNI CA NU NE LASAM EXPLOATATI ???
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OCTOBER 4, 2013 AT 9:23 AM
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o George T. Sipos
In niciun caz nu suntem nebuni. Asa cum am explicat mai sus, nu facem decat sa aratam semne de
insanatosire.
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OCTOBER 4, 2013 AT 9:28 AM
REPLY
o L
Populatia din Romania nu este multumita de politica UE pt ca politica UE presupune disciplina si
civilizatie, in timp ce romanii sunt obisnuiti cu parsivitatea si smecheria ceea ce nu prea tine la
straini.
Tot ce ne-a cerut UE, printre altele, e sa ne curatam de hoti. Noi in schimb ii tot votam, in ciuda
tuturor dovezilor.
Cat despre masonii si corporatiile de care vorbesti, cu ce sunt ele de vina?! De vina nu e ala care
cere Ce, e Bechtel de vina ca a luat 1 miliard de dolari pt o sosea-fantom? E cumva OMV vinovat pt ca
luat resursele din subsol?
Sau vinovat e ala care le-a vandut?!
Dar na, ce sa-i explici romanului de educatie, bun-simt, constiinta civica si alte basics ale societatii
europene, dezvoltate? Las ca tot Ion de la coada vacii are dreptate, chit ca nu stie despre ce vorbeste.
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OCTOBER 4, 2013 AT 9:33 AM
REPLY
Jo
Daca tu esti cel sau cea care a postat replica de mai sus in engleza, mie imi este rusine ca esti
conationalul meu!
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1

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OCTOBER 6, 2013 AT 1:53 AM
REPLY
L
Amice, sa-ti fie clar: DETEST romanasii pt ca sunt o gloata de PROSTI. Istoria
acestui popor a demonstrat asta de nenumarate ori. Si pe langa faptul ca sunt
PROSTI, mai sunt si incredibil de TRADATORI. De ajuns sa observi cum am
schimbat domnitori ca pe sosete, nu a existat (in afara lui Stefan cel Mare) UN
SINGUR CONDUCATOR PE CARE SA NU IL FI DAT IN GAT.
Asa ca daca ti-e rusine, CARA-TE TU din tara MEA!
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OCTOBER 6, 2013 AT 8:43 AM
REPLY
George T. Sipos
@L. Haideti totusi sa nu cadem in extremisme. Cum este posibil in viziunea
dumneavoastra ca un intreg popor sa fie prost sau tradator?
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OCTOBER 6, 2013 AT 9:59 AM
linksonice (@linksonice)
Prost si inca traumat esti dumneata, din pacate. Replicele de mai sus mai
mult sau mai putin dovedesc ce spune autorul in articol, dar asta nu
inseamna ca toti sunt asa ca tine, sau ca i-ar idoliza pe Ceasca sau pe
Codreanu. Conservatismul, ortodoxia, extremismul sau nostalgia dupa una
sau alta nu sunt specifice la Romani. Vindeca-te de aceasta auto-ur de
neam si de sine (Dumnezeu stie ce ti s-a intamplat sa i ajuns atit de rau), si
vei ajunge la o anume claritate mai placuta. Pentru mine, ca Romn,
Romnii sunt cei mai faini oameni de pe lume (nu toti bine inteles, dar in
general vorbesc), si sunt mndru de a fi Romn. N-am dece sa-mi cer scuze
fata de nimeni, si nici tu.
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OCTOBER 6, 2013 AT 6:42 PM
4. vladimimtriu
Oh come on, enough already
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OCTOBER 4, 2013 AT 4:15 PM
REPLY
5. LexoKat
Reblogged this on Lex'sThoughts.
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OCTOBER 5, 2013 AT 2:45 PM
REPLY
6. Simone
Thank you . . . . .for such an insight. In the last 2 years of being connected to many wonderful warm Romanian
people via the social networks, predominantly concerning the rescue of the stray dogs, my heart breaks almost
daily for one or more of them these people love their country, but it seems to have never loved them back
and it quite painful to be on the outside, and really feel their pain, and want to make things all right. . . . . The
slate does need to be wiped clean of the current politicians, of the mayoral structures, of the mafia-related
practices, the illegalities . . . . the good decent Romanian people work hard and keep their heads down and obey
the law. . . . .while their peace of mind, their values, their lives are attacked from all sides from politicians that
change their colours as the wind blows, from abuse from neighbours and criminals that never gets dealt with by
police who have their own allegiances. . . . . .the time has come for the people to rise up in what ever way works
for them, and challenge those who feel themselves untouchable. But it must be done with A Plan A Plan that
all good people can get behind. Thanks again.
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OCTOBER 5, 2013 AT 7:07 PM
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7. Irina
Frankly, Romanians rather suffer of the Stockholm Syndrome this explains the big percentage of those
regretting the communist era:(
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OCTOBER 6, 2013 AT 1:51 AM
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8. sasha
Great piece George, it never occurred to me to think things from this PTSD angle! However, Id like to provide a
possible explanation for the deploring the good times of the regime which has baffled me for a long while, as
much as I see it baffles you now.
The first step is to stop the nation-wide, overly broad generalizations. A very persistent trope of the communist
propaganda was that all living humans within the borders of Romania were supposed to be tovarasi to each
other, equal in all things measurable or not. This in fact cannot be true, it is not the way of nature and was
actually not even the intention of the PCR members to follow this idea themselves; see all the special de partid
services and entitlements they have so gleefully enjoyed with no remorse. This imperative for sameness is very
alive today in peoples minds, when we routinely assign the stories/facts of some individuals to all the
population as a whole. You will have a terrible hard time convincing a Bavarian that whatever happens in the
Ruhr basin has anything to do with him.
Second, bearing the diversity in mind, I have come to realize that there is a much larger population group,
which turned out to be a net winner during the epoca de aur, than strictly speaking just the PCR and
administration apparatus. Before WWII, Romania was an incredibly backward, agricultural country, despite
some beacons of progress such as Bucuresti or Timisoara. A very large number of countryside dwellers moved
to the cities during communism to provide labor for the whole industrial madness. If you think that the
countryside is backwards now, imagine how it was then (go see some old 40s newsreels at the Cinemateca
Eforie). All these people have made giant personal leaps in means and conditions and they are very aware of
this. All this happened without a corresponding great effort in social competition and most importantly without
a leap in education. These people and their offspring are so many they are pretty right to think they ARE
Romania. You cannot imagine the disbelief in my schoolmatess eyes when I had to admit that I did not go la
tara during any holidays (Im a 4th generation city slicker, no tara to go to). EVERYBODY else went la tara,
and I mean there were maybe 2 other outliers in the whole school. Their ranks only have grown; they have not
been deported / sent to be country teachers God knows where / pushed out of the country as the thin pre-
existing layer of city folk were. I was deeply shocked when I realized that however bitter and dehumanizing
communism was, for very many it was a unique historical opportunity to easily jump ahead out of even greater
medieval misery. For very many, living in cramped apartments, having some electricity and some hot water,
wasting time waiting for stuff was a net improvement of life quality they had a MUCH lower benchmark for
comparison! You can see this even today, when the truly educated and western-minded population is 10% tops,
only in the greater city areas.
So, there it is, I have come to believe people are genuinely sincere when they decry the wonders of communist
times. I do not jump to the conclusion anymore that this must be the case for everybody. What I and some
educated others see as a sea of sorrow and an open, impossible to close wound, happens to truly be for some a
blessing which turned sour after 89 when they actually had to survive in competition with others.
The only hope is that their 3rd and 4th generations are connected to the world and see the contemporary reality
for the dump it actually is. They may have some western aspirations, maybe well still be alive to see them
bloom.
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OCTOBER 6, 2013 AT 11:48 AM
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9. Pingback: Sunt majoritatea romailor idioi? | TOTB.ro - Think Outside the Box
10. Pingback: #RosiaMontana, #RomaniaRising and the Birth of Confucius in Bucharest | Quotidian Wonders
11. Victor
Until the young people in this country are taught moral and social values that transcend materialistic values
and aspire to a general well being, not just towards a selfish comfort zone, nothing will change. The so-called
thieves are passing their legacy, teaching their children to steal. Their children attend same education
institutions with the poor class, and as it always happens, the poor children start borrowing those values
because they want to be rich, cool and popular. So by the time they get out of high school, all the moral
education they had from their down to earth modest parent goes down the drain. At this stage most are willing
to chose the good path of hard work, honesty and trust in order to gain social and economic values but then the
kick in the groin comes just as they finish university. They find themselves in a world based on connections,
bribery and lie. They cant get a decent job unless they know someone, they cant start a business unless they
bribe almost every institution that comes in the way. I dont want to sound pessimistic here, but the obstacles
are so many and so difficult, its hard not to think that they are in place precisely to deter anyone who wants to
do something to increase this countrys economy and their inhabitants well being.
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OCTOBER 7, 2013 AT 3:39 PM
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12. Andrei
Saracu, ce varza e astaL, sau cum i zice Excelenta analiza de caz, meci!
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OCTOBER 7, 2013 AT 6:43 PM
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13. glamuroasa
Reblogged this on solgeea.
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OCTOBER 8, 2013 AT 8:14 AM
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14. Mircea Ionescu
To be honest the only aspect that I agree with George is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder but not for people and
for leaders. We dont have a Romanian Government, We have the Nastase, Tariceanu, Boc or Ponta
Government. The same for parties, we dont have the liberal party we have the Tariceanu, Antonescu Party, also
for social- democrats. But the paper reflects only last five years of the worse period. Of course are too many to
say. I just want to underline that the best period 1960 1983,maximum 1984, it was the maximum standard of
life from Romania history. Even today at medium and the lowest salary we dont reach those period. Personal I
was born in 1957 and my education it was strong influence by Occidental, especially american movies and
music, that was free, even at national TV. It was a period when all the technologies was imported from
Occdient, USA, Japan, and other. But I sugest you to see the two documentaries, Power Principle and Argentina
Economic Crisis (a capitalist country that must pay money MIF (FMI) and other in the same period like
Romania). Finally Romania must received at least an SORRY from USA or UK because they have sold us to
Soviet Union. We pay in 1944 to Comunist Soviet Union the second war damage, and nou we pay to Capitalist
Countries the cold war demage. Why we must pay restitutio of capitalism if Churchil, Roosevelt and Stalin
decided that Romania (and others) must finish the capitalism. Just see The Power Principle. They cooperated
starting with 1942 till Stalin dead at least. Just reflex UK, a monarchy, knew that Romania and Bulgary will not
be monarchy !?!??!?
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OCTOBER 8, 2013 AT 12:34 PM
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15. Larisa
Hi George, your article started a very interesting discussion among my Facebook friends, both Romanian and
American. I relate to the past, as you presented it. You mentioned Japan and Germany as countries who seem
to have dealt with their traumas effectively. Are there, in your opinion, strategies that were effective and that we
could apply in Romania? What are some therapies that you think were successful in their case? Thank you.
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OCTOBER 8, 2013 AT 6:31 PM
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o George T. Sipos
Hi Larisa, and thank you for sharing the article on your Facebook page, and I am honored that it
actually managed to cause a debate there. I would love to see peoples reactions and responses, so if
you can think of a way of sharing them with me. Or, we can connect on Facebook if that is all right with
you.
Now, I should point out that there might be a misunderstanding as far as Germany and Japan are
concerned. I think that Germany is a good example of dealing with abuse and trauma as a nation after
WWII, but not Japan. Rather than defending their position, like the Japanese, the Germans took the
blame full on for the crimes against humanity one of their compatriots committed and dealt with it.
The education system is one of the major ways in which they taught youngsters about what happened
during the war and did not keep any gory and horrifying details away from the children precisely
because they intended to shock and make sure that it never happens again.
What I think we need to do in Romania is also to educate the people (through campaigns and through
the education system) about the communist period, and especially about how it allowed for
Ceausescus dictatorship. Then, we need to understand clearly how much of what happened to us was
external and beyond our control, and how much was complacency, collaboration, profiteering, and
fear. Finally, we need a sustained and permanent international campaign, coordinated by
governmental and private institutions, that would present this image of new Romania abroad.
At least, thats how I see things. Please stay in touch.
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OCTOBER 9, 2013 AT 8:32 AM
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16. Laura
George, referitor la : Cum este posibil in viziunea dumneavoastra ca un intreg popor sa fie prost sau
tradator? raspunsul e simplu : In acelasi fel in care un intreg poporul sufera de (Group) Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder
Am cateva remarci la articolul tau :
Romanias special case within the former Eastern European communist block as the most violent personal
dictatorship.. Ok, sa nu exageram, Romania nu e un caz special, forme de dictatura mult mai violente au
existat si inca mai exista pe planeta asta.Nu stiu de ce ni se pare ca suntem speciali si un caz aparte. Nu
suntem. Cel putin din punctul asta de vedere.
As a consequence, Romanians were not educated about how to understand themselves as victims of abuse Eu
nu stiu sau n-am auzit nicaieri in lumea asta la vreo alta natie trecuta prin asa ceva, sa fi iesit vreunul si sa zica
:Fratilor ,ati cam fost abuzati, asa ca iete colea ce-aveti de facut to deal with it in a healthy way.
Faptul ca ne-a fost greu, ca am dus-o naspa, ca ne-au chinuit unii si altiinu e o scuza.
Este ca si cum am fost abuzata vreo 40 de ani de sotul meu si, cand nenorocitul a crapat, de bucurie m-am
prostituat. Iar dupa 20 de ani de prostitutie, vine unu si-mi spune : vai draga, dar cum de nu ti-ai dat seama ?
De fapt ai ajuns sa te prostituezi pentru ca te-a traumatizat nemernicul. Nu e un pic stupid ? Poate ca aia am
vrut sau atat m-a dus pe mine capul.
Eu n-as da vina pe nemernic asta a fost alegerea mea in momentul acela.
Extrapoland, ceea ce suntem azi este suma alegerilor noastre. Iar alegerile noastre sunt conforme cu calitatea
noastra ca fiinte umane si apoi ca natie.
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OCTOBER 9, 2013 AT 6:31 AM
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o George T. Sipos
Buna, Laura. Sa inteleg ca tu te ascundeai sub enigmatica litera L? :)
Iti multumesc, din nou, pentru pasiunea raspunsurilor tale. E foarte evident ca iti pasa mult de acest
subiect, asa ca vo incerca si eu sa iti raspund ca atare.
1. Suntem un popor prost si tradator.
Mi se pare ca gresesti cand spui ca a spune ca un popor sufera de group PTSD este acelasi lucru cu a fi
prost sau tradator. Cele doua calificative pe care le folosesti sunt exact asta: calificative. Cu alte
cuvinte, sunt o eticheta proiectata din afara, de un tert, asupra subiectului colectiv. De aici si reactia
mea ca un popor nu poate fi prost ca valoare intrinseca, ci aceal calificativ trebuie dat de cineva din
afara. Tradator e si mai complicat pentru ca ridica problema perspectivei celui care emite eticheta
respectiva. Tradator fata de cine? Nu exista tradare in absolut, exista tradare de prieteni, de aliati
samd. Pe cand un diagnostic de PTSD se poate da cu usurinta pe baza examinarii unor fenomene
externe, fara implicarea subiectiva a diagnosticianului.
2. Au existat natii care au trecut prin ceea ce am trecut noi si-au recunoscut statutul de victima, si-au
analizat partea de participare voita sau nu si au creat un sistem prin care sa invete din greseli si sa se
re-inventeze. Germanii sunt una dintre aceste natiuni si poate exemplul cel mai de succes. Multe
dintre natiunile colonizate au facut variate incercari in aceasta directie la randu-le. Studiile rezultate
din experientele si incercarile prin care au trecut ele au dat nastere post-colonialismului, cu care post-
socialismul este asemuit adeseori.
In ceea ce priveste exemplul cu sotia abuzata, mi-e teama ca, desi tie ti se pare hilar, situatii de genul
celor descrise de tine chiar se intampla. Ai auzit de victime ale violului care trec prin PTSD
identificandu-se cu cel care le-a abuzat? Dar de tineri care cresc in case cu parinti abuzivi fizic sau
emotional (betivi cronici, narcisisti, etc) si sfarsesc prin a se auto-mutila (se taie cu lama, devin sado-
masochisti, etc)? Dar de fete care sunt abuzate sexual de tata sau de alta persoana mai in varsta in
timpul copilariei si sfarsesc in baruri de strip-tease, prostitutie samd? Asadar, desi pare contra-
intuitiv pentru o persoana sanatoasa emotional cum esti tu, aceste situatii nu sunt nici imposibile si
nici rare.
3. In fine, alegerea personala. Da, aici tind sa iti dau dreptate: atata vreme cat tu, ca individ, esti
singurul/a care a facut alegerea de a te casatori cu cineva care sfarseste prin a te abuza, e poate mult
mau usor sa nu ramai cu cicatrice emotionale dupa ce nu mai sunt in viata ta.
Dar, in cazult romanilor, noi nu am ales nimic. Si aceasta distinctie este foarte importanta si ma lupt
cu ea de mai multa vreme, mai ales aici, in Statele Unite, unde multi au impresia ca tarile din fostul
lagar sovietic au ales sa fie comuniste. Romanii au fost victimele istoriei in acest caz, un popor
sacrificat la masa unor negocieri criminale la finele celui de-al Doilea Razboi Mondial. Istoria noastra a
fost furata ireversibil in 1945. Acelasi lucru s-a intamplat si cu dictatura lui Nicolae Ceausescu. Ce-au
avut romanii de-a face cu alegerea lui drept secretar general al PCR in 1965? Nimic. Absolut nimic. De
aici vine si parerea mea ca trebuie sa invatam, oricat de umilitor ar fi, sa intelegem ce inseamna a fi
victimizat. Noi, ca romani, suntem un popor masculin, de sange latin, nu? :) Suntem macho si nu vrem
in ruptul capului sa acceptam ca ne-am lasat violati ideologic de un regim politic inept si de un
personaj fara educatie, fara carisma si fara coloana vertebrala. L-am executat ca pe un caine la perete
sperand ca asta ne va vindeca de multi anii in care am suferit, dar s-a dovedit ca fantoma lui ne va
bantui inca multe generatii. E, de fapt, prezenta si aici, langa mine, la birou, cand scriu aceste randuri,
ranjind tamp si cu un aer de superioritate.
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OCTOBER 9, 2013 AT 8:56 AM
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17. yestobliss
George, referitor la : Cum este posibil in viziunea dumneavoastra ca un intreg popor sa fie prost sau
tradator? raspunsul e simplu : In acelasi fel in care un intreg poporul sufera de (Group) Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder
Am cateva remarci la articolul tau :
Romanias special case within the former Eastern European communist block as the most violent personal
dictatorship.. Ok, sa nu exageram, Romania nu e un caz special, forme de dictatura mult mai violente au
existat si inca mai exista pe planeta asta.Nu stiu de ce ni se pare ca suntem speciali si un caz aparte. Nu
suntem, cel putin din punctul asta de vedere.
As a consequence, Romanians were not educated about how to understand themselves as victims of abuse Eu
nu stiu sau n-am auzit nicaieri in lumea asta la vreo alta natie trecuta prin asa ceva, sa fi iesit unu ( sau mai
multi ) si sa zica :Fratilor, ,ati cam fost abuzati,asa ca iete colea ce-aveti de facut to deal with it in a healthy
way.
Faptul ca ne-a fost greu, ca am dus-o naspa, ca ne-au chinuit unii si altiinu e o scuza.
Este ca si cum am fost abuzata vreo 40 de ani de sotul meu si, cand nenorocitul a crapat, de bucurie m-am
prostituat. Acum, dupa 20 de ani de prostitutie, vine unu si-mi spune : vai draga, dar cum de nu ti-ai dat seama
? De fapt ai ajuns sa te prostituezi pentru ca te-a traumatizat nemernicul.Nu e un pic stupid ? Poate ca aia am
vrut sau atat m-a dus pe mine capul.
Eu n-as da vina pe nemernic asta a fost alegerea mea in momentul acela.
Extrapoland, ceea ce suntem azi este suma alegerilor noastre. Iar alegerile noastre sunt conforme cu calitatea
noastra ca fiinte umane si la urma, ca natie.
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OCTOBER 9, 2013 AT 6:35 AM
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18. yestobliss
Buna George !
1.Nu, eu nu sunt L. Am vazut acest articol azi la cineva care l-a postat pe Facebook.Poate te-a derutat
comentariul meu dublu sub nume diferite. N-am vrut sa-l postez de doua ori, doar ca n-am stiut ca am cont pe
site-ul asta si mi-am facut unul ( inca unul de fapt) ca sa pot comenta. Incercarile mele de a comenta s-au
suprapus si de aia apar de doua ori.
Si n-am spus niciodata ca suntem un popor prost si tradator. Doar ca nu poti sa judeci pe altul care califica un
intreg popor ca prost si tradator cum spui tu, cand tu insuti i-ai dat un calificativ la fel de general.
Diagnosticul tau nu are nici o baza stiintifica, e doar parerea ta si asta face ca si sindromul de care vorbesti sa
aiba valoare de calificativ.
2. Lets agree to disagree here. Sunt de acord ca situatii de genul acesta se intampla si nu consider ca e hilar
deloc. Doar ca, stii la fel de bine ca si mine, la acelasi gen de situatie ( traumatizanta in acest caz) sunt oameni
care reactioneaza diferit. La exemplul stupid pe care l-am dat, doar ca sa fac o paralelao alta femeie ar fi ales
alt drum. Nu toate femeile traumatizate se prostitueaza.
Intrebarea care se pune aici este : de ce noi, tocmai noi, am ales sa tragem dupa noi, mai bine de 20 de ani,
consecintele acestui trecut ? Ce anume a facut ca Germania,de exemplu, si ei dupa o experienta foarte
traumatizantasa se mobilizeze rapid si sa-si revina spectaculos? Sunt convinsa ca nu si-au plans de mila si nici
nu s-au consolat cu statutul de victima.
Felul in care am reactionat la ceea ce ni s-a intamplat nu are legatura cu felul nostru de a fi?
3. Ok, tu zici ca nu am ales sa fim comunisti. Sa zicem ca e asa cum spui tu. Dar eu nu vorbeam de alegerea de
a fi comunist sau nueu vorbeam de alegerea pe care am facut-o cand comunismul s-a incheiat. Cand in sfarsit
am avut libertatea de a alege. Ce-am facut atunci ? Ce am ales ?
Sunt multe de zis, nu am timp din pacate. Sunt o romanca care a ales sa-si creasca copilul singura in strainate
lucrand pentru o companie americana, departe de fantoma lui CeausescuNu cea care ranjeste langa biroul tau
ci aceea care inca trezeste suspine in inimile a milioane de romani ce nu s-au simtit niciodata victime ale
regimului sau. Care nu numai ca au fost luati prin surprindere de revolutie dar nici n-au dorit-o de fapt. Daca
Romania toata ar fi dorit-o cu adevarat n-am fi ajuns sa ne prostituam niciodata.
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OCTOBER 9, 2013 AT 4:40 PM
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19. Pingback: The Night I Dreamt of Emil Cioran | Quotidian Wonders
20. Pingback: Roman in SUA: Daca nu noi, care am petrecut atatia ani in strainatate, atunci cine sa se puna in
slujba tarii? | TokNok Romnia
21. Aurora Dillon
I put your article on Facebook mainly because in my view it was like a drop of fresh water after all I read about
Romania written by Romanians. Foul language, verbal abuse, bad English.If you managed to get to the position
you are now, to use such a controversial debate showing your profound interest for your native country that is a
big result. As an English teacher living in UK after being born and raised in Romania, 30 years of teaching
under Ceausescu Regime I am just a keen spectator and your blog brought up memories
(painful ones). But to say we are victims is a little bit too much. Are you suffering from PTSD? You make proud
of being Romanian. How many PHD or Master Degree are on the airplane from Bucharest to London? Getting a
scholarship wherever and whenever?
I am fond of a great country South Africa and the way they are coping with PTSD. Forgetting the colonialist
times, apartheid and all the rest( 11 official languages). We have many examples and we are living examples
how we coped with PTSD.
Many Thanks
Oxford
UK
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OCTOBER 11, 2013 AT 11:14 AM
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22. Cristina
Very interesting analysis! You consider Romanians as one person that suffers of PTSD, or at least the vast
majority of Romanians who still live in Romania and went through all the phases you mentioned.
The way I see whats happening in our country is simpler: it takes time for our nation to purify itself. And when
I say purify, I mean raising generations with sane attitudes and way of thinking. Unfortunately, what happens
right now in Romania is that people our age contribute to corruption. I was 14 yr. old in 89 and now Im a
parent living in Canada. My generation is split: some work in an honest way, some want unhonest earnings.
Both groups are split between Romania and other countries. The purification will occur when most Romanians
will make a living in an honest way and will live in Romania. Lots of thieves and villains are in Europe already
and I hope theyll remain there. Lots of honest people are scattered in Europe and North America and I hope
theyll go back and have a new beginning in Romania, contributing to society and changing it just as they lived
in civilization in west.
Children are now raised in corruption they receive money from their parents to pay for their school grades
and university exams. As long as our generation continues to fund educational system corruption the
purification wont take place. We are the ones who need to teach our children to learn and not to pay for grades.
I think it is our generation who can make a difference in Romania. Communism was traumatic for our parents.
We only know their deprivations and sufferings, but by the time we grew up and became adults, communism
was gone. What happened in the 90s was a big disappointment for me, therefore I immigrated in Canada, but I
didnt go through the PTSD phases you mentioned (my parents probably did), therefore Im very optimistic that
if I go back Ill be able to change something, even if not in the entire society, but at least a small group of people.
I wish you the very best in all your endeavours and hope that youll start convincing Romanians who are abroad
and who gained working experience abroad to go back and raise them from depression.
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OCTOBER 11, 2013 AT 12:45 PM
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23. Liviu
Hi George,
While I agree with your diagnostics (i.e. PTSD), may I suggest to take one step back in the analysis?
Fact: since becoming an independent state (1918), Romania and its people had to continue to exist in spite and
between the two worst political systems in this planet history: Communism and Fascism, so satanically
embodied by Stalin and Hitler.
For any Tom, Dick and Harry criticising here and anywhere: much of what Romanians are today, is a
consequence of this historical fact. People and nations have been and will forever be judgemental against one
another. However, theres nothing to indicate that any other people wouldve been any better (for lack of a
better word), had they lived in the same circumstances.
cheers,
Liviu
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OCTOBER 11, 2013 AT 3:10 PM
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24. Ovidiu Alexandru Ionescu
Nu sint omul cuvintelor mari iar in elgleza nu ma descurc exceptional la scris asa ca o sa o tin pe romana
pura..individul/individa care posteaza cu sub anonimatul acelui L,personal i-as rupe amindoua mainile si
picioareledin cauza unora ca el/ea natia asta e asa cum e
daca este asa de rusinat ca e roman de ce nu pleaca din tara asta de tradatori si de prosti???daaca este asa
rusinos sa fii roman de ce nu renunti la cetatenia aceasta???
Domnule George articolul imi pare excelent desi putin exagerat si da eu sint mindru ca sint ROMAN
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OCTOBER 11, 2013 AT 5:58 PM
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25. VASILIU MIRCEA PAUL
Of ! Of-of-of, Domnule Alexandru Ionescu !
Mndru c snt papua, egiptean, i ce mai vrei Dvs.
Problema se pune EXACT PE DOS ! Snt romnii (eschimoii, gguzii, udegheii) MNDRI c v au drept
conaional ? CE ai fcut pentru ei ? Mai terre-a-terre: Nu te ntreba ce poate face ara ta pentru tine, ntreab-
te ce poi face TU pentru ara ta (zis-a J.F.K..)
Pornind de aici intrm direct n ghemul de vipere numit ISTORIE. Sntei mndru de nenumratele bulevarde
Take Ionescu ? Mai citii ! Eventual urmtorul extras:
Remarcabilul satiric romn Caragiale, care a murit anul trecut, moravurile politice n comedia clasic O
scrisoare pierdut Generala lips de principii, prolixitatea fr idei, viclenia vioaie i antajul fr limite iat
prile componente ale atmosferei moral-politice a Romniei conductoare Toate cele trei partide romneti
snt umbrite de spiritul lui Caavencu i al lui Farfuridi. Dar aceti politicieni au atins triumful deplin n
partidul takitilor, oameni fr ziua de ieri i cea de mine, dar cu apetit proaspt care cere recunoaterea
public. Ei, i ? nsui Caragiale, satiricul nemilos al takismului moral, a aderat pe neateptate la takiti cnd
a avut nevoie, din considerente cotidiene. Acesta e mediul ! Btrnul ef conservator Carp, un nvederat
reacionar romantic, dar om cinstit n structura sa, s-a ntlnit imediat dup aceasta cu Caragiale
Mi-a fost dat a exclamat Carp s triesc s te vd pe tine, Caragiale, n rolul lui Caavencu !
Ce vorbeti, a rspuns fr s clipeasc marele Caragiale eu snt Caavencu? Nu, glumeti ! Caavencu este
respectabilul meu ef, Take Ionescu. Eu snt doar Farfuridi
Dup aceea, nu o dat, Caragiale a povestit nepstor acest dialog, care a avut loc pe peronul grii din Ploieti.
Ca s nu ne cantonm exclusiv n domeniul demolrilor v ofer i contra-exemple (mai puin cunoscute): ai
auzit de generalul Alexandru Korne ? Nu ? n mod sigur nu ar fi subscris ruperii de mini i picioare, dei a
luptat pe front, fr s se menajeze. Iar ruii, via cozile de topor neaoe, nici att.
Avem eroi ! DA ! Dar nu rupnd membre i nici mpunndu-ne cu afilieri dubioase vom trece de la stadiul tribal
la cel al unei naiuni veritabile.
MAI CITII !
Nu tii cine snt udegheii ? V.K. Arseniev Prin taigaua Extremului Orient, Editura MERIDIANE 1987
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OCTOBER 13, 2013 AT 3:54 AM
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26. Nicu B
The author keeps using the term postcolonial when talking about the post-Ceausescu era. This is false.
Romania during Ceausescu was a disctatorship, but not a colony. In fact the decolonization of Romania started
in 1958, when the Soviet troops left Romania and culminated in 1968, when Ceausescu took a stand against the
invasion of Czechoslovakia by the USSR and its allies.
In fact today Roamani is far less independent, both politically and economically. We are again a colony, we only
changed our masters. Its no longer USSR, now its USA. Of course, its not as bad as the Soviet occupation, but
its not good either. We are about to be robbed of all our natural resouces: gold, shale gas, copper, oil.
PS Im not a nostalgic of Ceausescu, Im only stating the facts.
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NOVEMBER 10, 2013 AT 3:39 AM
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27. Pingback: Manifest pentru protestul din 21 Decembrie - Right Kind of Revolution
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