Empowered lives.

Resilient nations.

Protecting Development From Disasters:
UNDPS SUPPORT TO THE HYOGO FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
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Empowered lives.
Resilient nations.

Protecting Development From Disasters:
UNDPS SUPPORT TO THE HYOGO FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION
Table ol Conlenls
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loreword
Jordan Pyan, Direclor
8ureau lor Crisis Prevenlion and Pecovery, UNDP
Disaslers caused by nalural hazards, such as droughl, hurricanes or earlhquakes, lake
lives, cause widespread human sullering, cosl billions ol dollars a year and lilerally wash
away years ol coslly and hard-earned developmenl gains.
Access lo educalion and heallhcare, slable employmenl and livelihoods, salely and se-
curily, as well as opporlunilies lor women, are all lhrealened in counlries lhal are prone
lo disaslers. Cosls are incurred during lhe immediale recovery period, bul ollen il lakes
decades lor a counlry and ils populalion lo recoup lhe lull losses lrom a disasler.
To make mallers worse, lhe vasl majorily ol disaslers hil developing counlries already
slruggling lo overcome poverly. While no single reason can be given lor lhis, a combina-
lion ol environmenlal and socio-economic laclors make people living in poor nalions
more vulnerable lo lhis kind ol calaslrophe lhan lhose living in developed counlries.
The 2004 lndian Ocean lsunami, which killed hundreds ol lhousands ol people,
was a lurning poinl lor lhe inlernalional communily. This evenl pul disasler risk
reduclion higher on lhe lisl ol developmenl priorilies. The lsunami made il pain-
lully obvious ol lhe urgenl need lor more robusl measures lo prolecl developmenl
achievemenls lrom nalural hazards.
The deadly deslruclion caused by lhe evenl spurred a call lo aclion lo beller prevenl,
miligale and manage disasler risk. One ol lhe immediale sleps laken in ils allermalh
was lhe adoplion by !68 UN Member Slales ol lhe Hyogo lramework lor Aclion (HlA),
commilling lo a subslanlial and widespread reduclion in disasler losses.
8ul lo achieve lhis ambilious largel, aclion musl be laken by a large number ol nalional
and inlernalional enlilies lo build and suslain risk managemenl capacily. Wilh lhis in
mind, lhe Uniled Nalions Ceneral Assembly lasked lhe Uniled Nalions Developmenl
Programme wilh assisling Members Slales in pulling lhe priorilies ol lhe HlA inlo aclion.
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
5
8y working wilh cenlral governmenls, communilies and a wide range ol nalional and
inlernalional in-counlry parlners, UNDP helps counlries lo reduce disasler risk and
lhereby prolecl lheir developmenl gains.
8ul much more remains lo be done. Conlinued commilmenl and aclions are required.
ln 20!5 lhe HlA will expire, lo be lollowed up by new inlernalional mechanisms lor
developmenl and disasler risk reduclion. As a conlribulion lo lhe process ol considering
any lollow-on mechanism, UNDP has underlaken a releclion ol ils work generally in
lhedisaslerriskleld,andwilhspecilcilylhelasleighlyearsolilssupporllolheHlA.
This reporl comprehensively oullines UNDP's engagemenl in implemenling lhe HlA and
illuslrales successes, challenges and lessons learned as counlries and communilies move
lo become more disasler resilienl.
The inlernalional communily has a special opporlunily lo pul disasler risk al lhe hearl ol
bolh lhe posl-20!5 developmenl agenda as well as lhe successor lo lhe Hyogo lrame-
work. l hope lhal lhis reporl and lhe experiences ol UNDP over lhe lasl eighl years can
play a parl in lhal crilical underlaking, as well as conlribule lo improving disasler risk
reduclionandmanagemenllorlhebenellollhemoslvulnerablepeoplelivingincoun-
lries allecled by nalural disaslers.
Y"#&14 >214
6
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Commun||y memoers cons|ruc| a r|ver oan| pro|ec||on sys|em |n ||vya Naar, Ch||wan |n Nepa|.
Credil. UNDP Nepal
Lxeculive Summary
This publicalion highlighls lhe resulls lhal UNDP has achieved since 2005 in supporling
disasler risk reduclion (DPP)
!
andrecoveryincounlriespronelodisaslers.Thelrslcom-
prehensive reporl oullining UNDP's conlribulion lo lhe implemenlalion ol lhe Hyogo
lramework lor Aclion, lhe reporl illuslrales lhe relorms lhal counlries and communilies
are underlaking, wilh UNDP supporl, lo become more disasler resilienl.
ln lhe lasl 50 years, lhe vasl majorily ol lhose allecled by disaslers have resided in
low and middle income counlries.
2
8esides causing dealh and sullering, disaslers
erase developmenl gains, deslroy inlraslruclure, reslricl access lo educalion and
heallh care, undermine livelihoods, and exacerbale vulnerabililies lo lurlher nalural
hazard evenls. To break lhis cycle, lhe Hyogo lramework lor Aclion, endorsed by
!68 counlries, calls on Member Slales lo build resilience and reduce disasler risk.
Wilh ils operalional presence in !77 counlries and a weallh ol lechnical experlise, UNDP
was lasked by lhe Uniled Nalions Ceneral Assembly lo supporl Member Slales in pre-
venling and preparing lor disaslers.
3
Since lhe Hyogo lramework lor Aclion was pul
inlo ellecl, UNDP has devoled ils ellorls lo helping counlries achieve ils ambilious oul-
comes, which include lhe subslanlial reduclion ol disasler losses.
lrom 2000-20!2, al leasl 90 counlries have been impacled by disaslers allecling an
average ol more lhan !00,000 people in each evenl. UNDP is aclively engaged in 8!
ol lhese 90 counlries and in a lypical year works in over 50 counlries lo help reduce
disasler risk.
! lorlhepurposeollhisreporl,UNDPemployslheUNlSDPdelnilionoldisaslerriskreduclion
(DPP). lSDP slales lhal, "Disasler risk reduclion is lhe concepl and praclice ol reducing
disasler risks lhrough syslemalic ellorls lo analyse and manage lhe causal laclors ol disaslers,
including lhrough reduced exposure lo hazards, lessened vulnerabilily ol people and properly,
wise managemenl ol land and lhe environmenl, and improved preparedness lor adverse
evenls." Available al hllp.//www.unisdr.org/we/inlorm/lerminology
2 Lalramboise, Nicole, and 8oileau Loko (20!2). Nalural Disaslers. Miligaling lmpacl, Managing
Pisks. lMl Working Paper. WP/!2/245. Available al hllp.//www.iml.org/exlernal/pubs/cal/
longres.aspx?sk=40044.0
3 A/PLS/54/233 Pesolulion (22 Dec !999)
!
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erly, conlicl and climale change. To be elleclive, disasler risk reduclion musl be pursued
0+1953.3,'*)37: /' / 0+53 37313,- +; '2'-/*,/673 .21/, 43)37+913,-?
C, +5435 -+ /0.*3)3 -.*' 7+,=<-351A 0+1953.3,'*)3 95+03''A -.533 5*'8 53420-*+, 0+19+<
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UNDP parlners wilh olher UN agencies, inlernalional lnance inslilulions and NCOs, lo
'299+5- =+)35,13,-<734 4*'/'-35 5*'8 53420-*+, /,4 530+)35: '-5/-3=*3' /,4 97/,'?
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+; 3/57: >/5,*,= ':'-31'?
Q' / 0/'3 *, 9+*,-A *, KB;9>8 UNDP worked wilh lhe Ceneral Direclorale ol Civil De<
;3,03 -+ /''3'' /,4 *43,-*;: -.3 5*'8 +; 9+-3,-*/7 .21/, /,4 9.:'*0/7 7+''3' '.+274 /,
3/5-.R2/83 +0025 *, -.3 Q11/, 53=*+,? B.*' >/' /0.*3)34 6: 3)/72/-*,= -.3 3/5-.R2/83
./H/54'A 3S9+'34 /''3-'A /,4 '+0*/7 /,4 9.:'*0/7 )27,35/6*7*-*3' ;+5 3/0. ,3*=.6+25.++4?
T*1*7/57:A /' / 53'27- +; 256/, 5*'8 /''3''13,-' /,4 ;+77+> 29 0+,420-34 6: "#$%A -.3 0*-:
+; QR/6/ LKB;9>8M *' ,+> 1/8*,= *,;+5134 430*'*+,' +, 7/,4 /77+0/-*+, ;+5 0+11350*/7
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9
and housing projecls, reducing lheir exposure lo seismic hazards. The cily is now recog-
nizedbyUNlSDPaslhelrslModelCilylorDisaslerPiskPeduclioninlheArabSlales.
Through a similar projecl in J$(,)", UNDP supporled lhe cily ol Tijuana lo carry oul
urban risk assessmenls and use lhem lo prepare pre-disasler sheller plans. As a resull,
!.5 million inhabilanls ol lhe cily are now beller prolecled in lhe evenl ol a disasler.
To help nalions beller undersland lhe risk lhey lace lrom disaslers, UNDP has helped
governmenls lo develop &,=1=+$# <"== &1+1Z1=$= in 23 counlries. These record disasler
losses on an evenl-by-evenl basis and provide one way ol measuring lhe success or
lailureolriskreduclionmeasures.UNDPhelpedinlroducelheselossdalabasesinlve
ol lhe counlries mosl allecled by lhe 2004 lndian Ocean lsunami. 34&,1, 34&"4$=,1[
J1<&,-$=, /#, \14?1, and BA1,<14&.
'1#<2 %1#4,4D =2=+$0= are a praclical and elleclive lile saving lool lor counlries ex-
posed lo disasler risk and have become a priorily lor UNDP and ils counlry parlners.
These syslems allow al-risk populalions lo be lorewarned and lhus prepared belore haz-
ards occur. ln recenl years, early warning syslems have begun lo make use ol innovalive
lechnology, such as mobile phones, lo increase lheir reach.
lor inslance, in L14D<1&$=A, warning messages are collecled lrom lhe llood lorecasling
and Warning Cenlre, which UNDP helped eslablish, as well as lhe 8angladesh Meleor-
ological Deparlmenl, and are lhen disseminaled lhrough lhe delivery ol lexl-messages.
UNDP has also eslablished similar mechanisms in bolh 81G*1 6$% ]*,4$1 and +A$
8A,<,GG,4$=^ Wilhin minules ol a 9.0 earlhquake oll lhe coasl ol Japan on !! March
20!!, more lhan !20,000 people living in an exposed coaslal communily in lhe Phil-
ippines were alerled lo a possible lsunami lhrough messages received on lheir mobile
phones. While lhe Philippines' province ol Albay sullered only non-deslruclive waves,
some !08,000 people in !50 coaslal dislricls were nonelheless evacualed as a precau-
lion, an excellenl example ol early warning in aclion.
ln lhe E"#0$# _*D"=<1- >$G*Z<,) "E J1)$&"4,1 and 5`Z$?,=+14, UNDP has supporled
lhe design ol mobile phone apps which allow users lo receive updales on hazards and dis-
aslersaslheyhappen.Wilhalouchollhemap,userscanlndoullheslalusolanevenl,
receive lips on slaying sale, explore pasl hazard evenls, and access key conlacl inlormalion,
such as emergency services.
Larlywarningsyslemscanbelailoredloreleclmoslnaluralhazardsandlocorrespond
lo communily needs and capacilies. ln LA*+14 and 6$G1<, UNDP has helped slrenglhen
Aqaba is now
recognized by
UNlSDR as the frst
Model City for DRR
in the Arab States
!0
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exisling early warning syslems lo monilor glacial lakes lhal are al risk ol bursling and
looding.Duelolhissyslemaparlicularlyhazardousglaciallakein LA*+14 was lowered
by more lhan 3.6 melers, averling a predicled glacial lake oulbursl lood. A previous
lake oulbursl in !994 released 20 million cubic melers ol waler, damaged more lhan
!,700 acres ol land and killed 22 people.
ln J"`10Z,;*$[ lhrough income-generalion and lood securily-relaled projecls, com-
bined wilh exlensive advocacy and public awareness, UNDP has encouraged resellled
communiliesnollorelurnlolood-proneareas.Whileonlyonecomponenlolamuch
largerinlervenlion,lheinilialivedidconlribuleloareduclioninloodrelaledmorlalily
in 20!0, which was less lhan 25 percenl ol lhe !0 year average.
8eyond underslanding risk, UNDP is also supporling counlries +" #$&*)$ +A$ #,=?= lhey
lace. UNDP achieves lhis by helping governmenls lo allocale resources lor disasler risk
reduclion al bolh nalional and local levels. This ollen involves UNDP providing supporl
lo drall, updale and amend policies, laws, and overall governance arrangemenls lor
disasler risk reduclion.
lor example in 8$#*, UNDP helped lhe Covernmenl lo drall and pass a slale policy
lhal makes il mandalory lo inlegrale disasler risk reduclion inlo developmenl projecls.
Solar,!57municipalilies(andsevenmillionpeople)havebenelledlromhazardmaps
underlaken lhrough lhe Suslainable Cilies Projecl, which assesses urban environmenlal
degradalion and inlorms proposals on building plans.
ln lhe 7"0,4,)14 >$G*Z<,)[ wilh UNDP's supporl lhe counlry now boasls a nalional
seismic risk reduclion plan and a nalional lund lor disasler prevenlion, miligalion and
response. Moreover, lhe Nalional Developmenl Slralegy 20!0-2030, incorporales risk
reduclion as bolh a crossculling issue and as one ol ils main pillars. These inilialives in-
legrale disasler risk inlo developmenl and ensure lhal lulure projecls are sensilive lo il.
Similarly, in 81?,=+14, a counlry prone lo earlhquakes, a sale conslruclion programme
has led lo lhe building ol over 500,000 earlhquake resislanl houses. The design ol lhese
houses and lhe saler conslruclion melhods employed have now been permanenlly in-
corporaled inlo nalional building codes - prolecling millions ol people.
Unlorlunalely,inmanycounlriesdisaslerriskhasmagniledduelolheelleclsolclimale
change. F<,01+$ >,=? J141D$0$4+ has lherelore become a key componenl ol disasler
risk reduclion in recenl years. Through lhe Climale Pisk Managemenl Technical Assislance
Supporl Projecl, UNDP supporls !7 counlries lo assess lhe risks associaled wilh climale
variabilily and change, idenlily risk reduclion priorilies, and assess capacily needs.
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
!!
ln 5D14&1 lor inslance, assessmenls were used lo analyse lhe inslilulional, policy
and capacily gaps relaled lo lhe impacl ol climale change on collee produclion. The
assessmenl idenliled a range ol risk reduclion and adaplalion measures needed,
and has helped inlorm lhe developmenl process ol a Nalional Climale Change Policy,
compleled in 20!2.
5#Z14,`1+,"4 represenls anolher challenge lo successlul risk reduclion. Papid and inade-
qualely managed urbanizalion in many parls ol lhe world is resulling in poor heallh services
and a lack ol access lo educalion, employmenl or sanilalion. This in-lurn allecls disasler
risk by crealing vulnerable communilies lhal lack lhe means lo wilhsland hazard evenls or
recover lrom disasler. This 'risk accumulalion' paves lhe way lor lulure disaslers.
To address lhe challenge ol urbanizalion, UNDP supporled lhe Andean Cilies Pro-
gramme lrom 2006-2007. Through lhe programme, UNDP supporled lhe local and
melropolilangovernmenlsollvecapilalsollheAndeanPegion.8ogola(F"<"0Z,1),
Caracas (a$4$`*$<1), La Paz (L"<,-,1), Lima (8$#*), and Quilo (')*1&"#), lo colleclively
promole disasler risk reduclion and preparedness by sharing besl praclices and risk re-
duclionloolswilhoneanolher.Theprogrammehelpedraiselheprolleolrisksrelaled
lo urbanizalion. Since lhe programme lnished, lhe cilies ol 8ogola and Quilo have
developed lurlher slralegies lor risk reduclion and preparedness.
@b'6 73/:/B'>/ IFF5>
Lven when underslanding ol risk has improved and is elleclively communicaled, and
when comprehensive risk reduclion syslems are in place, lhere is a measure ol risk which
remains. UNDP helps counlries 0141D$ +A,= #$01,4,4D #,=? lhrough preparedness
measures and pre-disasler recovery planning. Parlicular emphasis is placed on building
preparedness capacily, lo ensure lhal syslems lor emergency reliel, response and recov-
ery are in place belore disaslers happen.
ln B1c,?,=+14,promplandellcienlresponseslolheVanjearlhquakeinJanuary20!0andlhe
lashloodsinKulyabinMay20!0werelheresullollong-lermrelormssupporledbyUNDP.
This included lhe approval ol lhe Nalional Disasler Pisk Peduclion Slralegy and lhe addilion ol
disasler risk reduclion inlo governmenl guidelines lor dislricl developmenl planning.
Similarly, in lhe 7"0,4,)14 >$G*Z<,) UNDP worked wilh aulhorilies in lhe Norlh-Lasl
region lo slrenglhen preparedness and response capacily in 60 ol lhe mosl vulnerable
communilies. UNDP assisled in lhe developmenl ol emergency and conlingency plans,
which included galhering risk assessmenl dala, aclion plans lor miligalion and pre-
venlion, and slandard operaling procedures lor disasler response. ln order lo lacililale
!2
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emergencyrelielandsavelives,evacualionrouleswereidenliledandsimulalionscar-
ried oul in parlnership wilh lhe Dominican Ped Cross.
Togelher wilh lhe global shipping company 7$*+=)A$ 8"=+ 7b\[ lhe Cel Airporls Peady
lorDisaslerProgrammehasbeenimplemenledin!5airporlsinlvecounlries.Duelo
lheir localion, size and availabilily ol inlraslruclure, airporls ollen serve as vilal hubs in
lhe evenl ol a disasler. Among olher lhings, airporls are responsible lor managing lhe
suddenandsignilcanlinluxolaidsuppliesandhumanilarianagenlsandmaybecalled
uponloassislinevacualions,shellerorcommunicalions.Dueloinsullcienllrainingol
airporl personnel in emergency logislics, lhis may inadverlenlly lead lo bolllenecks in
limes ol crises, slowing down emergency reliel lhal can cosl lhe lives ol allecled pop-
ulalions. To slrenglhen airporl preparedness, UNDP and DHL have lrained slall in lhese
!5-airporls so as lo lacililale and enable lasl response.
The G"=+d&,=1=+$# #$)"-$#2 process involves rebuilding lollowing lhe losses and dam-
ages lhal occur during a disasler. This period also represenls an imporlanl opporlunily
lor change. Using lhe posl-disasler period as an enlry poinl, UNDP encourages sleps lo
reduce lhe risks ol lulure disaslers lhorough lhe recovery process.
ln 34&,1allerlhedevaslalingKosiriverloods,UNDPsupporledanowner-drivenprogramme
lhal assisled in lhe reconslruclion ol !70 homes in allecled villages. The supporl provided
lhrough lhe Owner Driven Peconslruclion Collaboralive, a consorlium ol NCOs, helped lo
drall lechnical guidelines lor mulli-hazard resislanl housing. The scheme was subsequenlly
scaled up, leading lo !00,000 lamilies laking lhe lead role in building lheir own homes^
ln ')*1&"# lollowinglheeruplionollheTungurahuaVolcano,larmersandinhabilanls
olCevalloswerelaughlnewjobskills.Asaresullollhisdiversilcalion,lheirlivelihoods
were less disrupled and lhey were nol lorced lo migrale lo olher areas ol lhe counlry
when lhe volcano inlerrupled larming.
Asparlollheearlyrecoveryresponseloloodsin2007,UNDPL14D<1&$=A improved
communily resilience lo disaslers by providing emergency employmenl lo 40,000 peo-
ple and assisling in lhe conslruclion ol nearly 4,000 lamily houses.
ln posl-earlhquake b1,+,, UNDP played an imporlanl role in ensuring lhal recovery in-
volved lhe eslablishmenl ol more resilienl communilies. lor example, an innovalive mo-
bile-money programme gave US$500 granls lo lhose underlaking home repairs, as long
as lhey agreed lo purchase qualily-assured building malerials lrom pre-approved local
businesses. The granls were also conlingenl on parlicipaling in lraining lor hazard-resil-
ienl building lechniques.
UNDP and DHL have
trained staff in
1b airports to enable
fast emergency
response
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
!3
A separale projecl in b1,+, provided employmenl lo lhe allecled populalion lor clearing
earlhquake-relaled debris lrom waler canals, sewage syslems and roads. This has lowered
lheriskolcommunicablediseasesandmiligaledloodingduringlhehurricaneseason.
Since lhe Haili earlhquake, over 300,000 people, over 40 percenl ol lhem women,
have been lemporarily employed lhrough income-generalion aclivilies and over 5,000
parlicipanls have been lrained in conslruclion lechniques. These income generaling re-
covery operalions build communily resilience by bolh prolecling lamilies lhrough saler
conslruclion as well as diversilying livelihoods.
ln order lo assess people's needs and design recovery lrameworks lollowing a disasler,
UNDP works wilh governmenls, lhe World 8ank, lhe Luropean Commission and a hosl
ol donor governmenls, UN agencies and NCOs, lo carry oul Posl Disasler Needs Assess-
menls. ln b1,+,, lhis assessmenl provided lhe evidence needed lor lhe Covernmenl ol
HaililodeveloparecoverylrameworkandmobilizedUS$!0billioninrecoverylnanc-
ing. Similar assessmenls have been carried oul in counlries as diverse as '< /1<-1&"#,
34&"4$=,1, \1" 8$"G<$N= 7$0")#1+,) >$G*Z<,), and 610,Z,1^
Fb:\\'6]'/ :67 Bb' @:_ !I>@:>7
Throughoul lhis reporl, examples are given lo highlighl how UNDP is embedding dis-
asler risk reduclion in olher developmenl aclivilies. ln an ellorl lo ensure lhal develop-
menl gains are suslainable, UNDP has slrongly supporled lhe implemenlalion ol lhe
priorilies ol lhe Hyogo lramework lor Aclion, working lo achieve lhe common goal ol
reducing disasler losses, as measured in lives and lhe social, economic and environmen-
lal assels ol communilies and counlries.
Throughoul lhe lasl lew decades, wilh UNDP supporl, some ol lhe world's mosl disas-
ler-prone counlries have demonslraled lhal il is possible lo achieve subslanlial reduc-
lions in disasler losses.
UNDP considers disasler risk reduclion lo be a core-componenl ol suslainable devel-
opmenl and, as wilh developmenl inilialives as a whole, disasler programmes musl be
nalionally led in order lo be successlul. ln unison wilh ellorls lo improve governance
across lhe board, UNDP aims lo ensure disasler risk reduclion is buill inlo lhe laws,
plans, policies and slralegies in high risk counlries. This brings counlries' own resources
lobearinlheprocessoldelningandachievingriskreduclionobjeclives,locusesinler-
nalional supporl, and encourages local ownership and suslainabilily.
!4
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
There is a growing awareness regarding lhe slrong inler-relalionship belween )<,01+$
)A14D$ and disasler risk reduclion, nolably lhal climale variabilily and change will
lead lo increased hazard evenls, polenlially lriggering disaslers in exposed populalions.
However, while lhe awareness has increased, lhere remains more pragmalic and con-
ceplual work lo be done lo elleclively acl on lhis relalionship. ll is clear lhal climale
change and variabilily musl become a core componenl ol disasler risk reduclion il
losses are lo be reduced in lhe long-lerm. A challenge lor UNDP will be lo slress lhe
urgency ol acling on climale change and garnering lnancial and polilical supporl
lowards lhis end.
Anolherchallengeislndingadequalelimeandresourcesloensuresuslainableriskre-
duclion. The vasl majorily ol lunding mechanisms are lor relalively shorl 'allraclive' pro-
grammes where quick resulls can be expecled. A greal deal ol lhe work done lo build
resilience is achieved lhrough long-lerm engagemenl behind-lhe-scenes, wilh nalional
and local governmenls, boosling commilmenl lo disasler risk reduclion and enabling
smallbulcumulalivelysignilcanlaclions.UNDPneedslobellerarliculalelhesechal-
lenges lo donors and parlners, making lhe case lhal disasler risk reduclion ,= 1Z"-$ 1<<
1 <"4Dd+$#0 &$-$<"G0$4+ ,==*$[ 4"+ 1 "4$d+,0$ #$=G"4=$^
\IIe36] :b':7
As ol 20!3, a number ol counlries have begun or are conlinuing lo implemenl compre-
hensive disasler risk reduclion programmes, including :EDA14,=+14[ :<Z14,1, L14D<1d
&$=A[ e2#D2`=+14 and 6$G1<^ Addilionally, money is increasingly being allocaled lowards
reducing climale relaled risks. Corresponding lo lhis, new major UNDP climale risk man-
agemenl programmes are coming online, wilh subslanlial budgels, parliculary in Alrica
and Asia.
!"#
$%&'()
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$&): ;.)./0
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!5
ln lhe coming years UNDP will remain aclively engaged in lhe global debales on lhe
posl-20!5 agenda, advocaling lor increased locus on disaslers. UNDP will conlinue
lo emphasize parlnership building across seclors and regions, lhe loslering ol soulh-
soulh cooperalion and lhe disseminaling ol knowledge, and lhe polenlial lor recovery
processes lo serve as an enlry poinl lo build more resilienl socielies.
lollowing an independenl evalualion ol UNDP's conlribulion lo disasler risk reduclion
in 20!0, UNDP is working on a counlry-locused slralegy lor disasler and climale risk
reduclion, as well as a UNDP slralegy lor recovery. A slralegic lramework, presenling
lhe guiding objeclives and oulpuls which UNDP seeks lo achieve in risk reduclion and
recovery, is also being developed. ln addilion, lhe upcoming UNDP Slralegic Plan (20!4-
20!7) slrongly emphasizes disasler reduclion and links il lo climale change adaplalion,
lurlherreinlorcingUNDP'scommilmenllolhisleldolwork.
UNDP's commilmenl and conlinued supporl lo disasler risk reduclion and recovery meels a
growing demand lrom lhe counlries which are supporled. 8y early 20!3, UNDP was supporl-
ing programmes wilh slrong climale risk reduclion componenls in 33 counlries. This growing
nalional commilmenl and ownership ol lhe agenda presenls an opporlunily lo make larger
inveslmenls lo prolecl lives and livelihoods lrom disaslers and climale change.
The dual lhreals ol climale change and rapid, unmanaged urbanizalion mean lhal new
hazardlrendsareemerginglhaldonolnecessarilyllinlopaslmodels.Theseconlemporary
challenges mean lhal now more lhan ever lhere is a need lo reassess our disasler risk reduc-
lion slralegies and seek slralegies and mechanisms lo reduce risk. ln lhe posl-20!5 discus-
sions, UNDP will conlinue lo raise lhese issues and advocale lor slrong aclion.
ln lhe coming years, UNDP will lead ellorls lo make lhe goals ol lhe Hyogo lramework
lor Aclion and ils successor arrangemenls a realily. ln doing so, UNDP will conlinue
lo work alongside nalional governmenls, communilies and inlernalional parlners lo
supporl lheir abilily lo undersland, communicale and reduce risk, while elleclively man-
aging lhe risk lhal remains.
!"#$%&'()*$+ '% -./ 0%& .$123$*4 5*26*077$+8 #$* 4$0* 9:;
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
DRM and mixed
2005
33
67
2006
22
78
2007
37
63
2008
46
54
2009
55
45
2010
57
43
2011
75
25 Post-disaster response & recovery
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'f8'673B5>'/ 36 7>J :67 >'FIa'>_ 8>I]>:JJ'/[ 8'> _':> ghi
Tolal expendilure 2005-20!! = US$!,!44,033,224
!6
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!8
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
Through an urban risk assessmenl in Tijuana
gJ$(,)"i, !.5 million inhabilanls ol lhe cily are
now beller prolecled in lhe evenl ol a disasler.
UNDP has supporled 25 counlries wilh *#Z14
#,=? 0141D$0$4+.
ln 8$#*, UNDP helped lhe Covernmenl lo drall
and pass a slale policy lhal makes il mandalory
lo inlegrale disasler risk managemenl inlo
developmenl projecls. Clobally, 30 counlries
have 01,4=+#$10$& 7>> ,4+" &$-$<"G0$4+,
helping lo saleguard developmenl gains.
Throughincomediversilcalionin')*1&"#,
larmers and inhabilanls ol Cevallos are nol lorced
lomigraleloolherareasollhecounlrylolnd
workdueloinslabililyallheTungurahuaVolcano.
UNDP has also underlaken DPP relaled income
generalionanddiversilcalioninHailiandPakislan,
amongsl olhers.
ln b"4&*#1=, !0 nalional counlerparls were
lrained in lhe use ol lhese D$4&$#d=$4=,+,-$
recovery guidelines and were able lo apply
lhis melhodology lor planning lhe response lo
slorm Agalha in 20!0. As a resull, 40 percenl ol
lhecash-lor-workdayshavedirecllybenelled
lamilies headed by women.
ln 5D14&1, UNDP has helped assess lhe impacl
ol climale change on collee producliona major
source ol local livelihoods and lhe nalional CDP.
Thisisjusloneollhe!7counlriesbenelling
lrom UNDP's climale projecl (CPM TASP)
ln b1,+,, a posl-disasler needs assessmenl
provided evidence lor lhe Covernmenl lo
develop a recovery lramework and mobilize
US$!0billioninrecoverylnancing.
Clobally, al leasl 25 counlries have been
supporled in G"=+d&,=1=+$# 4$$&= 1==$==0$4+=.
ln 7"0,4,)14 >$G*Z<,), UNDP helped lacililale
advancemenl ol Law !47-02 on DPP. ln line
wilh lhis, 60 ol lhe mosl vulnerable communilies
wereidenliledandsupporledlodeveloprisk
managemenl plans. These included emergency
and conlingency plans, operaling procedures
lor preparedness and response, and lhe seleclion
ol evacualion roules coupled wilh emergency
simulalions.
To lackle lhe risks associaled wilh urbanizalion,
UNDPsupporledlvecapilalsollheAndeanPegion.
8ogola(F"<"0Z,1), Caracas (a$4$`*$<1), La Paz
(L"<,-,1), Lima (8$#*), and Quilo (')*1&"#), lo
colleclively promole DPP and preparedness lhrough
lhesharingolbeslpraclices.Theciliesol8ogolaand
Quilo have since developed slralegies lor risk reduclion
and preparedness.
The designalions employed and lhe presenlalion ol malerial on lhis map do nol imply lhe expression ol any opinion whalsoever on lhe parl ol lhe Secrelarial ol lhe
Uniled Nalions or UNDP concerning lhe legal slalus ol any counlry, lerrilory, cily or area or ils aulhorilies, or concerning lhe delimilalion ol ils lronliers or boundaries.
Counlries wilh DPPP resulls lrom 2005 20!!
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
!9
Wilhin minules ol an earlhquake on
!! March 20!!, !20,000 people in lhe
8A,<,GG,4$= received early warning
messages on lheir mobile phones.
UNDP has helped 25 counlries eslablish
and slrenglhen '1#<2 @1#4,4D /2=+$0=^
ln /#, \14?1, UNDP supporled lhe develop-
menlolnalionalhazardprollescovering
numerous hazards, including landslide.
As a resull, local aulhorilies in !0 dislricls
adopled legislalion requiring new building
approvals lo lake inlo consideralion landslide
risk. ln lolal, #,=? 1==$==0$4+= 14& A1`1#&
01GG,4D have been compleled in al leasl
57 counlries wilh UNDP supporl.
61+,"41< 7,=1=+$# J141D$0$4+ :D$4),$=
(NDMAs) have been eslablished in 45
counlries, including J"`10Z,;*$, where
lhe Nalional Disasler Managemenl lnslilule
(lNCC) coordinales DPP supporl amongsl
relevanl governmenl seclors.
ln FA,41,apilolvillage,whichwasloodedin
July 20!0, was able lo ulilize knowledge and
capacilies acquired lrom lrainings and exercises
lo improve response. UNDP has supporled 23
counlries in G#$G1#$&4$== 14& )"4+,4D$4)2
G<144,4D^
As parl ol lhe $1#<2 #$)"-$#2 #$=G"4=$
loloodsin2007,UNDPL14D<1&$=A
improved communily resilience lo
disaslers by providing emergency
employmenl lo 40,000 people and
assisling in lhe conslruclion ol nearly 4,000
lamily houses. UNDP has helped design $1#<2
#$)"-$#2 E#10$%"#?= in 8 counlries.
ln :EDA14,=+14, UNDP and parlners helped es-
lablish a Deparlmenl ol Lnvironmenlal Proleclion
andDisaslerManagemenlalKabulUniversily.
Clobally, UNDP has G1#+4$#$& %,+A *4,-$#=,+,$=
,4 RQ )"*4+#,$=, aiming lo increase knowledge
and build a rosler ol DPP experls globally.
Wilh UNDP supporl lor urban risk
assessmenls, Aqaba gY"#&14i is now
recognizedaslhelrslModelCilylor
DPP in lhe Arab Slales by UNlSDP
\$D1< !#10$%"#?= lo lacililale and enable
disasler risk reduclion have been prepared in 58
counlries wilh UNDP supporl. ln e2#D2`=+14, new
laws have been inlegraling DPP inlo governance
since 20!! and local governmenls are modilying
municipal budgels lo include provisions lor DPP
lunding, indicalors and dala colleclion.
The reporl is also available al lhe link. hllp.//www.undp.org/conlenl/undp/en/home/librarypage/crisis-prevenlion-and-recovery/drl-global-impacl-sludy-.hlml
UN|| suppor|s an averae o| 0 coun|r|es per year |n ||||, w||h averae annua| expend||ure
o| U5$10 m||||on devo|ed |o d|sas|er r|s| reduc||on and recovery.
ESCAP Headquarters or regional centres
34&"4$=,1 used a disasler loss
dalabase lo idenlily priorily regions lor DPP
inveslmenl. Clobally, UNDP has assisled 23
counlries in slrenglhening &,=1=+$# <"==
&1+1Z1=$=^
lnlhePacilcregion,UNDPisworkingwilh
small island slales lo manage lhe impacl
ol climale change. ln lhe F""? 3=<14&=,
UNDP helped revise lhe Nalional Suslainable
Developmenl Plan lo include a slralegic pillar
on resilience lo climale change.
ESCAP Headquarters or regional centres
20
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
||sp|aced |ar|ur |armer |n ar|d and crac|ed |and |n |a||, c|ose |o 1aw||a |n |he 5udanese s|a|e o| Nor|h |ar|ur.
Credil. Alberl Conzalez larran/UN Pholo 20!!
lnlroduclion
lrom 2000-20!2, 90 counlries across lhe world have sullered disaslers allecling more
lhan !00,000 people per evenl. UNDP is presenl in 8! ol lhese 90 counlries and has
helped achieve resulls in disasler risk reduclion (DPP) and recovery in over 80 percenl ol
lhem.
!
On average, UNDP has supporled 50 counlries per year in DPP and recovery.
Disaslerslriggeredbynaluralhazards,suchasearlhquakesorloods,impaclcounlries
and communilies in mulliple ways, nol only do disaslers deslroy lives and livelihoods,
bul lhey also erase hard-won developmenl gains. This is parlicularly challenging given
lhe lacl lhal, due lo exisling vulnerabililies, lhe vasl majorily ol disaslers have impacled
developing counlries. ln lacl, since lhe !960s, roughly 99 percenl ol lhe world popu-
lalion allecled by disaslers and 97 percenl ol all dealhs have occurred in middle and
low income counlries.
2
When laced wilh disaslers ol similar scale, people residing in
low-income counlries are lour limes more likely lo die lhan lhose living in high-income
counlries. ln addilion, disaslers cause developing counlries annual economic losses ol
2-!5 percenl ol lheir CDP.
3
Commilled lo supporling and advancing developmenl ellorls lhal reduce poverly and
given lhe lacl lhal disaslers erase developmenl gains, UNDP has inlegraled DPP and
recovery inlo ils agenda. Since lhe !990s, UNDP has been working wilh parlners lo
increase lhe capacilies ol governmenls and communilies lo reduce lhe impacl ol disas-
lers. Through a coordinaled approach, UNDP seeks lo enable disasler-prone counlries lo
manage lheir disasler risk lhrough lhe inlegralion ol DPP inlo developmenl processes.
As a lead UN agency on issues relaled lo governance and poverly reduclion, UNDP is
uniquely posilioned lo advance lhe inlegralion ol DPP inlo lhe developmenl agenda, al
lhe global, regional and nalional levels.
UNDP's involvemenl in DPP has evolved over lhe years, adapling lo ll lhe emerging
needs ol counlries and communilies, parlicularly in lighl ol climale change and global
! 8asedonLM-DATDalabase,v!2.07andUNDPmoniloringlgures.
2 Lalramboise, Nicole and 8oileau Loko (20!2). Nalural Disaslers. Miligaling lmpacl, Managing
Pisks. Working Paper, WP/!2/245. lnlernalional Monelary lund. Available lrom. hllp.//www.
iml.org/exlernal/pubs/ll/wp/20!2/wp!2245.pdl.
3 Uniled Nalions, Millennium Projecl (2005). lnvesling in Developmenl. A Praclical Plan lo
Achieve lhe Millennium Developmenl Coals. p.!8!. New York, NY, Larlhscan.
22
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
ln 2005, as an oulcome ol lhe World Conlerence on
Disasler Peduclion, lhe inlernalional communily work-
ing on DPP adopled lhe Hyogo lramework lor Aclion
(HlA). This !0 year plan has become lhe key global in-
slrumenl lor guiding implemenlalion ol DPP wilhin all
levels ol sociely.
Wilh lhe overarching goal ol achieving a subslanlial
reduclion ol disasler losses, in lives and in lhe social,
economic and environmenlal assels ol communilies and
counlries, lhe HlA sel 5 priorilies lor aclion.
1. |nsure |ha| d|sas|er r|s| reduc||on |s a na||ona|
and a |oca| pr|or||y w||h a s|ron |ns|||u||ona|
oas|s |or |mp|emen|a||on,
2. |den|||y, assess and mon||or d|sas|er r|s|s and
enhance ear|y warn|n,
J. Use |now|ede, |nnova||on and educa||on |o
ou||d a cu||ure o| sa|e|y and res|||ence a| a||
|eve|s,
4. |educe |he under|y|n r|s| |ac|ors, and
. 5|ren|hen d|sas|er preparedness |or e||ec||ve
response a| a|| |eve|s.
b_I]I !>:J'@I>e I! :FB3I6
shills in lhe DPP policy agenda. As underslanding ol lhe linkag-
es belween DPP, recovery, climale change adaplalion, urban-
izalion and developmenl have emerged, UNDP has remained
slrong in ils commilmenl lo build more resilienl socielies, capa-
ble ol reducing risks and recovering more quickly lrom disaslers
on lheir palh lowards developmenl.
This reporl presenls an overview ol selecl achievemenls lrom
UNDP supporled counlries and illuslrales how UNDP is working
wilh parlners al lhe local, nalional, regional and global levels lo
reduce lhe impacl ol disaslers on lives and economies. The re-
porl slralegically locuses on resulls achieved since 2005, which
corresponds lo lhe slarl ol lhe !0-year Hyogo lramework lor
Aclion (HlA).
4

Addilionally, lhe release ol lhis reporl has been limed lo cor-
respond wilh lhe lourlh session ol lhe Clobal Plallorm lor Dis-
asler Pisk Peduclion. This will be lhe lasl session ol lhe Clobal
Plallorm lo be held belore 20!5 and lhus ollers an opporlunily
lor UNDP lo conlribule lo policy discussions relaled lo lhe posl-
20!5 developmenl agenda.
This reporl endeavours lo illuslrale lhal inlegraled, comprehen-
sive programmes, implemenled over an exlended period ol lime,
are lhe mosl elleclive way lo reduce lhe impacl ol disaslers. ln
making lhis argumenl, lhe reporl does nol inlend lo presenl all
ol UNDP's conlribulions, bul ralher lo exemplily, lhrough key
experiences, lhe value ol UNDP's approach in developing lhe ca-
pacily ol nalions lo manage risk lhrough elleclive governance.
4 The HlA is a !0 year plan lhal aims lo make lhe world saler lrom
nalural hazards, seeking lo subslanlially reduce disasler losses by
20!5 by building lhe resilience ol nalions and communilies lo
disaslers.
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
23
The reporl is based on exlensive inlerviews wilh UNDP slall members in New York,
Ceneva,andCounlryandPegionalOllces,aswellasadeskreviewolrelevanlprojecl
and programme reporls
5
, evalualions, and UN publicalions.
6
lndependenl programme
evalualions,counlryspecilcaswellasglobal,havealsobeenanimporlanlsourceol
inlormalion lor lhe developmenl ol lhis reporl.
lollowing a briel overview ol UNDP's mandale and added value in achieving progress on
DPP globally, lhis reporl makes lhe case lor comprehensive DPP programming. Delails
ol UNDP's supporl are presenled in lhree seclions. (i) underslanding and communi-
caling risk, (ii) reducing risk, and (iii) managing remaining risk. Throughoul lhe reporl,
salienl case examples are presenled lo provide bolh evidence ol success and challenges
incurred. Taken in isolalion, lhese examples do nol necessarily by lhemselves lead lo a
reduclion in disasler risk. However, lhey represenl imporlanl mileslones which, when
parl ol a comprehensive DPP approach, conslilule sleps lowards increased resilience ol
counlries and communilies.
As will be evidenl lhroughoul lhe reporl, UNDP's success in DPP corresponds lo lhe
exlensive engagemenl wilh, and supporl given lo and provided by parlners. The diverse
range ol parlners wilh whom UNDP works includes nalional and sub-nalional govern-
menls, communilies, Non-Covernmenlal Organizalions (NCOs), and bolh UN agencies
andinlernalionallnancialinslilulions.
5 8uckle, Philip, and Lezlie Moriniere (20!0). Lvalualion ol lhe lmpacl ol UNDP Disasler Pisk
Peduclion lnlervenlions (2002-2009). available lrom. hllp.//erc.undp.org/evalualionadmin/
manageevalualion/viewevalualiondelail.hlml?evalid=350!
6 Uniled Nalions Developmenl Programme (20!0). Lvalualion ol UNDP Conlribulion lo Disasler
Prevenlion and Pecovery. Sales nom. L.!0.lll.8.34.
24
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
UNDP. A Unique Player in Disasler
Pisk Peduclion and Pecovery
There are a number ol characlerislics ol UNDP's work and slruclure lhal make il a
unique player in lhe global DPP and recovery archileclure, as highlighled in a 2009
independenl evalualion.
!. UNDP mainlains a body ol +$)A4,)1< $(G$#+,=$ lhal builds on over lwo
decadesolworkinlheleldoldisaslerriskreduclionandrecovery.Advi-
sors and local experls are available lo provide lechnical experlise and qual-
ily assurance, drawing on lessons learned and good praclices lrom lhe
leld,aswellaslakingadvanlageolabroadnelworkolG1#+4$#=A,G=,
2. UNDP's "G$#1+,"41< G#$=$4)$ in al leasl !77 counlries, coupled wilh ils
procuremenlandlnancialmanagemenlcapacily,givesUNDPlheabililylo
supporl governmenls on DPP and recovery as an inlegral parl ol develop-
menl,
3. UNDP's hislory al counlry level allows lor <"4Dd=+14&,4D #$<1+,"4=A,G=
%,+A D"-$#40$4+= developed lhrough years ol developmenl coopera-
lion. This encourages a joinl-managemenl approach, which is crucial in
suslainable and elleclive DPP programme delivery,
4. UNDP's exlensive experience %"#?,4D &,#$)+<2 %,+A <")1< )"00*4,+,$=
provides UNDP wilh an in-deplh underslanding ol local vulnerabililies and
slrenglhs, crealing a linkage belween lhe global DPP agenda and local
dynamics,
5. A broad #$D,"41< 14& D<"Z1< G#$=$4)$ allows UNDP lo be engaged al
various levels ol policy discussions, inlorming regional and global poli-
cy wilh counlry-level knowledge and promoling lhe implemenlalion ol
global and regional agreemenls al nalional levels,
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
25
6. UNDP's )""#&,41+,4D #"<$ wilhin lhe UN lamily brings logelher dillerenl
UNagenciesloimproveellciencyandelleclivenessallhecounlrylevel.
This allows UNDP lo draw on lhe supporl and guidance ol lhe enlire UN
syslem when required, including lor lhe mainslreaming ol DPP inlo de-
velopmenl programming and in lhe coordinalion ol recovery ellorls. As
global 'early recovery lead' in lhe lnler-Agency Sleering Commillee clus-
ler syslem, UNDP can bridge humanilarian and developmenl approaches,
while inlegraling disasler risk managemenl, and
7. UNDP has lhe abilily lo leverage nanciaI resources, however small or
large, lo kick-slarl or conlinue implemenlalion ol DPP programmes, pav-
ing lhe way lo higher engagemenl by governmenls and communilies.
!. Supporl governmenls lo underlake regular reviews ol early warning
requiremenls and capabililies al nalional and communily levels - A/
||5/0/117 |eso|u||on (20 |ec 199,
2. Take responsibilily lor nalural disasler miligalion, prevenlion and prepar-
edness- A/||5/2/123 (19 |ec 1997,
3. Slrenglhen and build operalional capacilies in nalural disasler miligalion,
prevenlion and preparedness, as well as maximise inlernalional coopera-
lion - A/||5/4/2JJ |eso|u||on (22 |ec 1999,
4. Cooperale wilh regional and nalional organizalions in order lo increase
lheir capacily lo respond lo nalural disaslers - A/||5/6/10J |eso|u||on
(14 |ec 2001, and
5. lnlegrale comprehensive disasler risk reduclion programmes as inlegral
elemenlsolUNsupporllorsocio economicdevelopmenlprogrammes-
A/||5/6/19 (21 |ec. 2001.
Bb' 56 ]'6'>:\ ://'JL\_ b:/ J:67:B'7 5678 BI9
|ore |han |ve m||||on cuo|c me|res o| deor|s have oeen removed |rom |he s|ree|s o| |or|-au-|r|nce and |eone
|hrouh a jo|n| e||or| oy |he Covernmen|, UN aenc|es, and na||ona| and |n|erna||ona| par|ners.
Credil. UNDP Haili 2009
UNDP's experience has demonslraled lhal
a comprehensive approach lo DPP has
a higher chance ol success in lhe long
lerm. A recenlly conducled evalualion ol
UNDP's conlribulion lo disasler preven-
lion and recovery, clearly slaled lhal DPP
requires long-lerm planning and suslained
ellorls al lhe nalional level.
!
The evalua-
lion concluded lhal programme planning
and implemenlalion musl syslemalically
acknowledge lhe links belween poverly
reduclion, suslainable developmenl and
DPP, while priorilizing nalional ownership
ol DPP slralegies.
! Uniled Nalions Developmenl Programme
(20!0). Lvalualion ol UNDP's Conlribulion lo
Disasler Prevenlion and Pecovery. Sales No.
!0.lll.8.34 P.
ln line wilh lhe conclusions ol lhis evalua-
lion, UNDP works wilh nalional aulhorilies,
local communilies and parlners, lo address
nalural disasler risk al all levels. Through
a broad range ol enlry-poinls, DPP pro-
grammes are developed joinlly by UNDP
and local parlners, laking inlo accounl lhe
polilical conlexl, social environmenl, nalional
priorilies, communily needs and exisling ca-
pacilies. Typical enlry poinls include, bul are
nol limiled lo. nalional, comprehensive DPP
ellorls, smaller, area-locused ellorls (ex.
cily/province), preparalory aclivilies, such as
nalional slralegy lormulalion, posl-disasler
recovery ellorls, and ellorls emanaling
lrom a demand lor beller preparedness and
conlingency planning.
Whal Does ll Take? Advocaling
lor a Comprehensive Approach lo
Disasler Pisk Peduclion & Pecovery
28
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
However, while lhe design and implemen-
lalion ol comprehensive programming
musl be adaplive lo dillering conlexls,
lhere is a general overarching logic lo
DPP programmes, which includes. *4d
&$#=+14&,4D 14& )"00*4,)1+,4D #,=?j
#$&*),4D #,=?j and 0141D,4D +A$ #$d
01,4,4D #,=?. Underslanding and com-
municaling risk ensures lhal inlormalion
on hazard exposure, vulnerabililies, ca-
pacilies and risks, is made available and
accessible lor elleclive decision-making.
Peducing risk works lo prevenl and mil-
igale disasler impacl by inlegraling DPP
A 1ur|ana |r| wa|ers came|s |rom a ho|e du |n a dry r|ver oed near renyas
oorder w||h Uanda. |ncreas|n drouh| has |orced pas|ora||s|s |o |rave| |ur-
|her |n |he|r search |or pas|ure and wa|er.
Credil. Anlhony Morland/lPlN
inlo developmenl policies, plans and pro-
grammes, slrenglhening disasler manage-
menl legislalion, and building capacilies
lo manage disaslers. Managing lhe re-
maining risk involves preparing lor disas-
lers lhal mighl occur and recovering lrom
lhem when lhey do.
Throughoul lhese processes, which are
described in more delail in subsequenl sec-
lions ol lhis reporl, measures lo promole
gender equalily are considered and special
allenlion is given lo prolecling lhose mosl
vulnerable, such as women and lhe elderly.
Jo be successful,
DRR programmes
must be comprehensive,
long term, locally driven
and nationally-led
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
29
Juslaslhereisno'one-size-lls-all'modelol
DPP programming, lhere is also no chrono-
logical order lo lhe componenls ol a com-
prehensive programme. The aclual design
and implemenlalion ol DPP programmes
is conlexl specilc and ollen, depending on
enlry-poinls, mulliple componenls can pro-
ceed simullaneously, or in dillering orders
in dillering conlexls. The key poinl is lhal
regardless ol conlexl, lo be successlul, DPP
programmes musl be broad and comprehen-
sive, encompassing each ol lhe above areas.
Throughoul lhis reporl, a series ol case slud-
ies have been selecled lo highlighl lhis com-
prehensive approach. Tilled lhe 'ln-locus
Series', lhe case sludies lrom J"`10Z,;*$[
34&"4$=,1[ :#0$4,1[ 34&,1 and ')*1&"#,
2

illuslrale lhe value ol lhis inlegraled ap-
proach lo DPP and recovery. ln each ol lhese
counlries, UNDP drew upon ils longslanding
presence and close relalionship wilh nalion-
al and local aulhorilies lo lranslorm how
disaslers are managed, lrom emergency
managemenl lo risk managemenl. As can
be noled lrom lhe cases, enlry poinls, de-
sign, implemenlalion and chronology all
dillered, however lhe overall comprehen-
sive approach remained consislenl. Mosl
imporlanlly, in each ol lhese examples
signilcanl achievemenls have been made
and are relecled in overall reduclions in
disasler losses.
2 Counlries lisled in order ol appearance in lhe
reporl.
Commun||y memoers on road |n a |ood
prone area. 1he v|||ae has oeen ou||| |o
oe res|||en| |o recurr|n |oods. Under |he
cons|an| |hrea| o| cyc|ones, |he Covernmen|
o| 3an|adesh has wor|ed w||h UN||
|or more |han J0 years |o |mprove |he
coun|rys d|sas|er r|s| manaemen|.
Credil. UNDP 8angladesh
30
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
2. lnlormalion lor lhis case sludy has been primarily drawn lrom. (UNDP (2004). Counlry Lvalualion. Assessmenl ol Developmenl
Pesulls-Mozambique) as well as (8uckle, Philip, and Lezlie Moriniere (20!0). Lvalualion ol lhe lmpacl ol UNDP Disasler Pisk
Peduclion lnlervenlions (2002-2009).
J"`10Z,;*$
Q
@,+A 14 $(+$4=,-$ )"1=+<,4$ 1<"4D +A$ 34&,14 I)$14 14& A,DA =$,=0,) 1)+,-,+2[ J"`10Z,;*$ ,= G#"4$ +" 41+*d
raI hazards that can easiIy deveIop into disasters. CycIones, earthquakes, ooding and drought are aII comd
0"4 "))*##$4)$= ,4 1 )"*4+#2 %A$#$ UT G$#)$4+ "E +A$ G"G*<1+,"4 =+,<< <,-$ Z$<"% +A$ G"-$#+2 <,4$^
counlry's commilmenls lo lhe Hyogo lramework. Led by
lhe lNCC and engaging a broad range ol diverse aclors,
lhe Plan represenls a signilcanl shill lrom a response
orienled approach lowards an inlegraled one, linking
DPP wilh nalional developmenl priorilies. Since 2007
lhe annual budgel commilled lo lhe lNCC has reached
US$80 million, represenling a 30 percenl increase lrom
earlier budgels.
To supporl lhis Plan, UNDP has helped lrain local leachers
on how lo inlegrale DPP inlo school curricula, as well as
supporled lhe Covernmenl in lhe eslablishmenl ol com-
munily early warning syslems and lhe crealion ol local
risk managemenl commillees. Through lhese commillees,
communily hazard-maps are prepared lo delineale sale
zones and evacualion roules lor communily members.
Targeling lhe same vulnerable populalions, UNDP is also
supporling inlervenlions which discourage resellled com-
munilies lrom relurning lo vulnerable, lood-prone ar-
eas. UNDP molivales lhese populalions lo remain in lhe
less-vulnerable areas by developing small-scale lood se-
curily and income generalion projecls, complimenled by
lrainings, malerials and lnancial supporl. As evidence ol
lhe projecl success, lhe lNCC has reporled lhal in inslances
olseriouslooding,suchasin20!!,lhenumberolpeople
who are in need ol evacualion has decreased subslanlially.
As lurlher evidence ol lhe long-lerm lranslormalion ol
DPP in Mozambique, lrom 200!-20!0 lhe lolal number
34 E")*=9
UNDP has been presenl in Mozambique since belore lhe
civil war, providing on-going supporl and an inslilulional
memory lhal has been uselul in encouraging disasler risk
reduclion.Duringlheconlicl,UNDPsupporledlhecrea-
lion ol lhe Deparlmenl lor lhe Prevenlion and Combal ol
Nalural Disaslers, which laler lransilioned inlo lhe Nalional
Disasler Managemenl lnslilule (lNCC) lollowing lhe war.
Since ils lormalion, lhe lNCC has laken a leading role in
coordinaling DPP wilhin lhe Covernmenl and is now an
aulonomous governmenl inslilulion. Nol only does lhis
consisl ol managing disaslers belore and aller lhey occur,
bul also permils lhe lNCC lo call upon olher minislries
and deparlmenls lo leverage supporl lor DPP. UNDP has
supporled lhe lNCC as il has grown inlo lhis role, specil-
ically lhrough capacily building, knowledge sharing and
soulh-soulh cooperalion. UNDP also supporls lhe lNCC
in lhe decenlralizalion ol DPP, successlully leading lo
grealer supporl and commilmenl lor lhe inlegralion ol
DPP and climale change adaplalion inlo local plans and
planning processes in Mozambique.
Having agreed lo lhe priorilies sel oul in lhe Hyogo
lramework lor Aclion, lhe lNCC, wilh supporl lrom
UNDP and parlners, has been implemenling a series ol
DPP projecls lhal align wilh lhe HlA priorilies while ad-
vancing Mozambique's developmenl agenda. ln parlicu-
lar, in March 2006 Mozambique's Council ol Minislers,
wilh supporl lrom UNDP, approved lhe Nalural Disaslers
Prevenlion Masler Plan (2006-20!5) lo coincide wilh lhe
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
3!
Lslablishmenl ol lhe Deparlmenl
lor lhe Prevenlion and Com-
bal ol Nalural Disaslers, laler
replaced by lhe Nalional Disasler
Managemenl lnslilule
Nalional Disasler Managemenl
Policy enacled
Nalural Disaslers Prevenlion Masler
Plan (2006-20!5) approved
Annual budgel allocalions lo lhe
lNCC reached $80 million,
a 30 percenl increase lrom
earlier budgels
Annual conlingency plans &
simulalions developed by lhe
Covernmenl
ol Mozambicans allecled by disaslers lell by 45 percenl
compared lo lhe previous decade. llood relaled morlalily
in 20!0 was less lhan 25 percenl ol lhe !0 year average
andallhough!6,000peoplewereallecledbylooding,lhis
represenls a decrease ol more lhan 90 percenl on lhe pre-
vious decade. Similarly, in !98! a droughl led lo more lhan
!00,000 dealhs, yel a similar droughl in 2002 resulled in
only nine dealhs.
8y addressing DPP lhrough an inlegraled approach, lhe Cov-
ernmenl ol Mozambique has been able lo make subslanlial
progress in reducing disasler losses. UNDP was able lo assisl in
lhisprocessbylargelinginlervenlionsalspecilcenlrypoinls,
including policy design, inslilulion and legal syslems, capacily
developmenl, dala colleclion and knowledge sharing. These
enlry poinls have proven uselul in launching and inlegraling
DPP programming. The counlry is now a regional and global
example lor elleclive disasler risk reduclion.
However challenges slill remain. Lmergencies, such as lhe 20!!
loods, conlinue lo negalively impacl regular programme im-
plemenlalion, demonslraling lhal addilional capacilies lo lully
manage risk are needed. ln parlicular, urban risk has nol yel
beensullcienllyaddressedinMozambique.lnresponselolhis,
UNDP has begun working wilh UN-Habilal lo assisl municipal
aulhorilies lo conducl a Seismic Pisk Assessmenl lor Mapulo.
RXWT
QTTV
RXXX
QTTP
5|nce
5|nce
QTTX
J,<$=+"4$=
|oca| ||s| |anaemen| Comm|||ee vo|un|eers |rans|er
|njured peop|e |o a |en| o||er|n |rs| a|d.
Credil. UNDP Mozambique
32
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
lrom 2005-20!2 more lhan 34,000
people killed by disaslers
lrom 2005-20!2 over !25 million
people allecled by disaslers
Tolal damage 2005- 20!2
SO[TTT
k RQP 0,<<,"4k 5/lQ^U Z,<<,"4
:E#,)1
*source LMDAT/CPLD dala on counlries in UNDP Alrica Pegion
Counlries in UNDP regional bureau wilh resulls in DPP and Pecovery
Pemaining counlries in UNDP regional bureau
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
33
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E3* F0>1)0
)&#2%-)&6
D
#$%&'() *+
|n |he ||ma|ayas, where me|||n |ce |ac|ers pose a |hrea| |o |he ||ves o| 210 m||||on peop|e,
UN|| |s suppor||n |he Covernmen| o| 3hu|an |o ou||d hydroe|ec|r|c dams |o aver| |ac|a|
|ood|n and |ns|a|| ear|y warn|n sys|ems a|on r|vers. |ho|o. wor|ers reduc|n |he r|s|
o| |ac|a| ou|ours| |oods a| |a|e 1hor|horm|, 3hu|an.
Credil. UNDP 8hulan
UNDP's lramework lor Disasler Pisk
Peduclion and Pecovery
Mandaled by lhe Ceneral Assembly lo un-
derlake disasler prevenlion and prepared-
ness, UNDP works wilh lhe lnlernalional
Slralegy lor Disasler Pisk Peduclion (UNlSDP)
and olher parlners lo advance DPP and re-
covery globally.
!
ln parlicular, UNDP plays a
cenlral role al counlry level in supporling
governmenls lo operalionalize lhe priori-
lies eslablished and agreed lo in lhe Hyogo
lramework lor Aclion.
Specilcally, UNDP helps operalionalize
lhe lramework by responding lo requesls
lrom governmenl parlners lo help build
capacily lo elleclively prevenl, prepare
lor and recover lrom disaslers. 8ridging
lhe gap belween humanilarian and devel-
opmenl programming, UNDP provides
! A/PLS/54/233 Pesolulion (22 Dec !999)
lechnical assislance by generaling and
compiling knowledge and inlormalion,
developing human resources and insli-
lulional capacilies, and providing policy
and legal guidance. This assislance is in-
lended lo A$<G &$-$<"G +A$ )1G1),+2 "E
&,=1=+$#dG#"4$ 41+,"4= +" #$&*)$ #,=?
+A#"*DA $EE$)+,-$ D"-$#414)$^
As described in delail lhroughoul lhis reporl,
UNDP works al mulliple levels, ollen con-
currenlly, in order lo successlully slrenglhen
decision-making processes and governance
syslems lor DPP. ln parlicular, UNDP works
lo *4&$#=+14& 14& )"00*4,)1+$ #,=? by
supporling nalional governmenls in idenli-
lying polenlial hazards and vulnerabililies,
implemenling early warning syslems (LWS),
and lracking disasler losses.
36
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
To help #$&*)$ #,=?, UNDP assisls parlner
governmenls by slrenglhening lheir gov-
ernance slruclures and inlegraling disas-
ler and climale risk reduclion inlo devel-
opmenl policies and plans. This includes
developing human resource and inslilu-
lional capacilies, working wilh legisla-
live syslems, and developing operalional
lrameworks lor risk reduclion.
To help 0141D$ +A$ #$01,4,4D #,=?,
UNDP supporls preparedness and recovery
processes lhal address losses lhal could nol
be prevenled.
2
This helps ensure nalional
parlners, communilies and individuals, can
2 UNlSDPdelnesremainingriskaslherisk
lhal remains in unmanaged lorm, even when
elleclive disasler risk reduclion measures are
in place, and lor which emergency response
and recovery capacilies musl be mainlained.
elleclively anlicipale, respond lo and recov-
er lrom lhe impacls ol disaslers, while being
able lo incorporale risk reduclion measures
inlo lhe immediale recovery process.
As nalional parlners and communilies are
al lhe lorelronl in lhe ellorl lo reduce dis-
asler losses, lhese conslilule UNDP's pri-
mary parlners. Whilsl local communilies
can conlribule wilh crucial inlimale and
conlexlual knowledge, il is governmenls
al lhe local and cenlral levels who need lo
be engaged in all DPP processes, so as lo
ensure lhe conlinuum ol disasler risk re-
duclion is adequalely addressed. This also
helps losler an enabling environmenl lor
DPP, lacililales lhe inlegralion ol DPP inlo
public policy, and encourages suslainabilily.
Commun||y oased d|sas|er manaemen| projec| |or we||and manaemen| |n Nepa|.
Cao|on wor| and row|n rass are |n|||a||ves o||en used |o preven| so|| eros|on.
Credil. UNDP Nepal
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
37
UNDP also parlners wilh inlernalional
organizalions al counlry level, amongsl
olhers, UNDP works wilh UN Counlry
Teams, inlernalional lnance inslilulions and
non-governmenlal organizalions, lo pul
in place comprehensive DPP programmes.
UNDP also engages in inlernalional lech-
nical parlnerships lhal deploy relevanl
lechnical capacilies lor coordinaled coun-
lry supporl. Lxamples include Posl-Disasler
Needs Assessmenls, a collaboralion wilh
lhe UN syslem, World 8ank and Luropean
Commission, and capacily developmenl
supporl lhrough lhe Capacily lor Disasler
Peduclion lnilialive (CADPl), a parlner-
shipwilhlheOllcelorlheCoordinalion
ol Humanilarian Allairs (OCHA), Uniled
Nalions Children's lund (UNlCLl), World
lood Programme (WlP), and lhe World
Heallh Organizalion (WHO), wilh parlic-
ipalion lorm lhe World 8ank and lnler-
nalional lederalion ol lhe Ped Cross and
Ped Crescenl (llPC).
Subsequenl seclions ol lhe reporl delail
how UNDP works wilh parlners lo opera-
lionalize lhe Hyogo lramework and build
capacily lo reduce disasler risk. 8roken
inlo lhree over-arching componenls (*4d
&$#=+14&,4D 14& )"00*4,)1+,4D #,=?,
#$&*),4D #,=?, and 0141D,4D +A$ #$d
01,4,4D #,=?)lhereporlprovidesspecilc
examples lrom each area lo highlighl lhe
work being done. As lhe cenlral lheme ol
lhis reporl is lhe long-lerm, comprehen-
sive and mulli-secloral nalure ol success-
lul DPP, many ol lhe examples described
in lhe lollowing pages are a resull ol lhe
collaboralive, mulli-laceled work done by
UNDP and parlners.
5|ope s|ao|||za||on |o||ow|n |he
200 ear|hqua|e.
Credil. UNDP Pakislan
38
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
Over 95 percenl ol UNDP expendilures on DDP and recov-
ery are al counlry level. Therelore, allhough UNDP engages in
parlnerships al all levels, lhe grealesl emphasis is on aligning
UNDP's counlry-level programmes wilh bolh nalional and in-
lernalional parlners in high risk counlries.
UNDP is increasingly orienling ils ellorls lowards pulling in
place comprehensive DPP programmes ol a scale and scope
sullcienl lo assisl high-risk counlries lo achieve lhe oul-
come ol lhe HlA. To do lhis, UNDP works wilhin a parlner-
ship nelwork lhal includes lhe UN Developmenl Croup ol
agencies (UNDC), lnlernalional linance lnslilulions (llls), and
lhe lnler-agency Slanding Commillee (lASC), a consorlium
ol humanilarian organizalions lhal includes lhe lnlernalional
lederalion ol Ped Cross and Ped Crescenl Socielies (llPC).
ln each programme counlry lhe UN Pesidenl Coordinalor
is responsible lor coordinaling lhe work ol all UN Counlry
Team (UNCT) members. Wilh lhe Pesidenl Coordinalor, lhe
UNCT and lhe Covernmenl, UNDP seeks lo ensure lhal di-
sasler risk reduclion is incorporaled inlo lhe UN Develop-
menl Assislance lramework (UNDAl), which guides UNCT
programmesoverlve-yearprogrammingcycles.Thisprocess
is done based on guidelines developed specilcally lor lhis
purpose by UNDP and lhe UNDC along wilh UNlSDP.
Lxamples ol where UN Pesidenl Coordinalors have pul in
place such programmes wilh UNDP supporl include lhe
Pisk Managemenl Consorlium in 6$G1<, lhe One-UN pro-
gramme in J"`10Z,;*$, and UNDAl-driven supporl lor
lhe Nalional Plan ol Aclion lor Disasler Pisk Peduclion and
Climale Change Adaplalion in ]A141. These programmes
bring logelher lhe ellorls ol nol jusl UN organizalions, bul
also llls, lhe Ped Cross/Crescenl, and olher major disasler
managemenl aclors wilh counlry-level presence, in supporl
ol governmenl-led slralegies and plans.
When disaslers happen, in accordance wilh posl-crisis co-
operalion agreemenls signed wilh lhe Luropean Commis-
sion and World 8ank, UNDP leads lhe UN syslem in lhe im-
plemenlalion ol Posl-Disasler Needs Assessmenls (PDNAs).
PDNAs provide an evidence-based comprehensive recovery
lramework lor lhe governmenl and parlners, and is lhe
basis by which UNDP aligns ils recovery programmes wilh
lhose ol olher organizalions. ln addilion, UNDP also coor-
dinales lhe lASC Clusler Working Croup on Larly Pecovery,
giving UNDP a unique niche in linking immediale response
lo shorl and long-lerm recovery.
UNDP seeks lo ensure lhal arrangemenls lor elleclive recov-
ery are in place belore disaslers occur. Through lhe lASC,
UNDP works wilh organizalions lhal have humanilarian or
recovery mandales, including OCHA, UNlCLl, WlP, lAO,
WHO, lhe llPC and lhe World 8ank, lo link inlernalional
preparedness ellorls wilh lhe developmenl ol counlry pre-
paredness capacily.
UNDP coordinales ils lechnical assislance lo counlry pro-
grammes wilh olher parlners lhrough a sel ol mulli-slake-
holder lhemalic programmes. These include lhe lnlerna-
lional Pecovery Plallorm, lhe Parlnership lor Lnvironmenl
and Disasler Pisk Peduclion, and lhe Capacily lor Disasler
Peduclion lnilialive. Among olher lhings, lhe laller provides
an inler-agency vehicle lor incorporaling disasler reduclion
8:>B6'>/b38/ 36 73/:/B'> >3/e >'75FB3I6
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
39
consideralions inlo UNDAls. Olher parlnerships locus on Di-
sasler Peduclion Law (wilh llPC), global risk assessmenls,
and mainslreaming disasler reduclion inlo developmenl.
These programmes draw on and harmonize lheir respeclive
parlners' capacilies al counlry, regional and global levels.
linally, UNDP engages wilh privale seclor parlners lo en-
gagespecilccapacilieslhalcanbedirecledlowardscoun-
lry supporl. One ol lhese, lhe Cel Airporls Peady lor Disas-
ler programme wilh Deulsche Posl DHL, provides lraining
and lechnical assislance lo inlernalional airporls lo enable
lhem lo beller handle lhe needs ol humanilarian assis-
lance lollowing disaslers. As well, UNDP also engages in
lhe World Lconomic lorum's Disasler Pesource Parlnership,
lhrough which major inlernalional companies provide posl-
disasler recovery supporl.
|oca| |a|||ans crea|e |ue| or|que||es ou| o| recyc|ed
ma|er|a|. UN||s Cash-|or-Wor| prorammes have
prov|ded cr|||ca| emp|oymen| |or hundreds o| |housands
o| |a|||ans. 1h|s he|ps reou||d cr|||ca| |n|ras|ruc|ure
wh||e d|vers||y|n ||ve||hoods.
Credil. UNDP Haili
40
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
34&"4$=,1
34 E")*=9
34&"4$=,1 ,= "4$ "E +A$ 0"=+ &,=1=+$#dG#"4$ )"*4+#,$= ,4 +A$ %"#<&^ !#$;*$4+<2 1EE$)+$& Z2 41+*#1< A1`d
1#&=[ +A$ 34&"4$=,1 61+,"41< 7,=1=+$# J141D$0$4+ :*+A"#,+2 $=+,01+$= +A1+ VT^X 0,<<,"4 G$"G<$ 1#$
exposed to ood hazards and 124 miIIion are vuInerabIe to IandsIides.
Q
ulalory lrameworks in lhe counlry. According lo an
evalualion compleled in 20!2, lhe programme was
lhelrsllosupporllheshilllocomprehensivedisasler
managemenl in lndonesia.
3

Since 2006, imporlanl sleps have been laken lo
slrenglhen lhe inslilulional and legal syslems lor DPP
in lndonesia. ln March 2007, lhe Covernmenl passed
lhe Law on Disasler Managemenl, which allowed lor
lhe developmenl ol a Nalional Aclion Plan lor Disasler
Peduclion 20062009, and lhe eslablishmenl ol a Na-
lional Disasler Managemenl Agency (8NP8) lo provide
DPP guidance and supporl lo minislries, provinces and
dislricls.
4
ln addilion, Cuidelines lor lhe Developmenl
ol Posl-Disasler Pehabililalion were legally endorsed,
clarilying roles and responsibililies lor recovery process-
es and ensuring budgel allocalion lor recovery plans.
ln 20!!, lhe UNlSDP recognized lndonesia's progress
and commilmenl by appoinling lndonesia's presidenl,
Susilo8ambangYudhoyono,aslhelrslUniledNalions
global champion lor DPP. UNDP's conlinuous supporl
lo lhe commilmenl ol lhe Covernmenl lo slrenglhen
DPP has led lo a priorilizalion ol DPP in lhe nalional
medium lerm developmenl plan and lhe nalional budgel.
3 Hillman, 8en, and Saul Sagala (20!2). Saler Communilies
lhrough Disasler Pisk Peduclion (SC- DPP) in Develop-
menl. Projecl Lvalualion. Auslralian Nalional Universily,
8andung lnslilule ol Technology lor lhe Covernmenl ol
lndonesia, and UNDP.
4 Uniled Nalions Developmenl Programme (2009). lnsli-
lulional and Legislalive Syslems lor Larly Warning and
Disasler Pisk Peduclion lndonesia. 8angkok.
2 8ased on prediclions by lhe lndonesia Nalional Disasler
Managemenl Aulhorily (8adan Nasional Penanggulangan
8encana 8NP8), 20 December 20!2.
UNDP has been working wilh lhe Covernmenl ol lndo-
nesia and local communilies on DPP and recovery lor
over a decade. 8y 2003, lhere were calls lrom nalional
aulhorilies and civil sociely lo relorm lhe Disasler Man-
agemenl Law, bul il was lhe 2004 lsunami and lhe
2006 earlhquake in Yogyakarla lhal acceleraled public
policy inleresl in advancing DPP. ln response, UNDP has
since been supporling lndonesian aulhorilies lhrough
a lwo-pronged approach, supporling developmenl ol
DPP policies and regulalory lrameworks, as well as un-
derlaking risk reduclion al lhe communily level.
ln 2007, UNDP parlnered wilh lhe UK Deparlmenl
lor lnlernalional Developmenl (DllD), lhe Auslralian
Agency lor lnlernalional Developmenl (AusAlD), lhe
UN Lconomic and Social Commission lor Asia and
lhe Pacilc (UNLSCAP), UNlSDP and lhe World 8ank,
lodevelopalveyearnalionalprogrammelosupporl
lhe Covernmenl ol lndonesia in slrenglhening ils DPP
capacily and achieve lhe Hyogo lramework priorilies.
Through lhe Saler Communilies lhrough Disasler Pisk
Peduclion Programme, UNDP and parlners have made
crilical conlribulions lo lhe new policy, legal and reg-
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
4!
lunding lor lhe disasler managemenl agency and re-
laled work now exceeds US$! billion per annum, rep-
resenling over ! percenl ol lhe nalional budgel.
ln 2009, lhe Covernmenl wilh supporl lrom UNDP, lhe
UniledSlalesAgencylorlnlernalionalDevelopmenl/Ollce
ol loreign Disasler Assislance (USAlD/OlDA), and lhe
Cenlre lor Pesearch on lhe Lpidemiology ol Disaslers
(CPLD), launched a disasler loss dalabase. This dalabase
is being used lo slrenglhen lhe nalional DPP syslem
and provide crilical inlormalion lor policy developmenl.
lor example, lhe dalabase was used lo develop a lisl ol
priorily dislricls lhal are being encouraged lo eslablish
lheir own DPP bodies. The dalabase is also being used
by lhe Minislry ol linance lo assign a budgel line in lhe
general budgel lunds, lhereby paving lhe way lor lund-
ing lo lhe dislricls lhal eslablish lheir own DPP bodies.
Simullaneous lo lhe nalional level work being con-
ducled, a lhree-year Mulli-Donor lund-sponsored DPP
programme was developed lor Aceh. This projecl has
soughl lo make disasler risk reduclion a core compo-
nenl ol lhe local developmenl process, by eslablishing
inslilulional arrangemenls and an enabling environmenl
5|uden|s |a|e she||er under a des| as par| o| a d|sas|er s|mu|a||on a| Wado| |r|mary 5choo| |n Nao|re
||s|r|c| o| |apua, |ndones|a.
Credil. Dian Leslariningsih/AusAlD
42
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
lo lacililale implemenlalion ol DPP. The programme also
helped lhe Covernmenl eslablish lhe Provincial Disasler
Managemenl Aulhorily as lhe main policy and decision-
making body lor DPP in lhe province, as well as helped
slrenglhen local DPP capacilies.
UNDP has also supporled lhe Covernmenl ol Aceh in
carrying oul a public awareness campaign, which in-
cluded a disasler preparedness lraining programme
lor over 2,500 people and lhe developmenl ol provin-
cial risk maps lor lhe region. A curriculum lor public
schools has been developed, in parlnership wilh Aceh's
educalion deparlmenl, lo help sludenls be beller pre-
pared in lhe evenl ol a disasler.
When in January 20!2 a 7.9 earlhquake slruck Aceh,
lhe communily, learing a lsunami, searched lor higher
ground and soughl proleclion in sale areas. While no
||re dr||| a| |he A| |anar |s|am|c ooard|n schoo| |n 3anda Aceh.
Credil. UNDP lndonesia
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
43
Nalional DPP Aclion Plan (2006-
20!0) launched and budgeled
Disasler Managemenl Law
enacled
Nalional Disasler Managemenl
Agency (8NP8) eslablished
Nalional DPP plallorm lormalized
Local disasler managemenl
agencies sel up in all provinces
Cuidelines lor lhe Developmenl
ol Posl-Disasler Pehabililalion
legally endorsed
DPP inlegraled inlo mid-lerm
nalional developmenl plan
20!0-20!4
lndonesian Presidenl Susilo
8ambang Yudhoyono
appoinled UN Clobal
Champion lor DPP
QTTP
QTTV
QTTW
QTTW
QTTX
QTTX
QTRT
QTRR
J,<$=+"4$=
lsunami was generaled, lhe lacl lhal lhe communi-
ly had soughl higher ground demonslrales improved
awareness and preparedness.
Despile progress made in lhe idenlilcalion ol disas-
ler risks and lhe reduclion ol vulnerabililies, disaslers
conlinue lo allecl lhousands ol people in lndonesia.
When lhey occur, UNDP works alongside governmenl
aulhorilies and communilies lo develop and implemenl
recovery programmes.
Whenlndonesia'sMerapiVolcanoerupledinlale20!0,
killing 340 people, deslroying homes and livelihoods,
and damaging public inlraslruclure in lve dislricls ol
Yogyakarla and Cenlral Java, UNDP provided lechnical
assislance lo lhe 8NP8 lo conducl a Human Pecovery
Needs Assessmenl (HPNA). 8y parlnering wilh lhe local
governmenl and a consorlium ol local NCOs, UNDP
helped mobilize a leam lo conducl over 500 household
surveys, inlerviews and locus group discussions, lo as-
sess bolh lhe impacl and lhe recovery needs ol lhe
populalion. The resulling HPNA lormed lhe basis ol a
nalional aclion plan lor reconslruclion and posl-disasler
recovery,spurredlnancialsupporlandlosleredcoop-
eralion among lhe various agencies involved. Subse-
quenlly, lhe Covernmenl developed lheir own nalion-
al disasler assessmenl guidelines using lhe UNDP/W8
posl disasler needs assessmenl as an example. This is
perhaps lhe only counlry in lhe world lhal has ils own
PDNA guidelines, wilh bolh HPNA and Disasler and
Loss Assessmenl (DaLA) componenls incorporaled.
44
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
lrom 2005-20!2 over
380,000 people killed by disaslers
lrom 2005-20!2 over !,2 billion
people allecled by disaslers
Tolal damage 2005-20!2
over US$3!7 billion
SWT[TTTk R^Q Z,<<,"4k 5/lSRP Z,<<,"4
Asia and the Pacic
*source LMDAT/CPLD
Counlries in UNDP regional bureau wilh resulls in DPP and Pecovery
Pemaining counlries in UNDP regional bureau
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
45
5678 @"#?9
Percenlage ol counlries wilh UNDP work on
7,=1=+$# >,=? >$&*)+,"4 H >$)"-$#2
PTh
!/
UNDP has assisted
Asia 0&- '3*
Asia 0&- '3*
Asia 0&- '3*
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*+'012)+3*- )&
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|n commun|||es where peop|e don| have access |o rad|os or
|e|ev|s|ons and |||||eracy |s h|h, |here are |nnova||ve ways |o
commun|ca|e warn|ns. Commun||y-oased ear|y warn|n and
con||nency p|ann|n saves ||ves and ||ve||hoods |n 3an|adesh.
Credil. Amir Jina/UNlSDP
Underslanding and
Communicaling Pisk
Advancing Priorilies 2 and 3 ol lhe Hyogo lramework lor Aclion
While lhere is no parlicular chronological
order lo Disasler Pisk Peduclion, idenli-
lying and underslanding lhe risks is ol-
len a precursor lo polilical supporl and
resource mobilizalion. Wilh increased
knowledge on exisling risks, communi-
lies and governmenls can lake aclions
based on lhal knowledge.
UNDP uses a number ol lools lo ellec-
lively undersland and communicale risk.
Amongsl lhese, UNDP helps counlries lo
develop lhe capacily lo prepare #,=? 1=d
=$==0$4+=, inslilulionalize &,=1=+$# <"==
14& &101D$ &1+1Z1=$= and implemenl
'1#<2 @1#4,4D /2=+$0= g'@/i^
>3/e ://'//J'6B/
8y examining hazard exposure and vul-
nerabilily laclors, disasler risk assessmenls
provide an evidence base concerning lhe
likelihood ol lulure losses and lhe causal
laclors. UNDP works wilh counlry-level
slakeholders lo develop lhe capacilies lo
prepare risk assessmenls and apply lhem
lo risk reduclion decision-making.
lor example, in Y"#&14, UNDP worked wilh
lhe Ceneral Direclorale ol Civil Delence lo
underlake a risk assessmenl oullining po-
lenlial social and physical losses in lhe re-
gion should an earlhquake occur. This was
achieved by assessing lhe earlhquake hazards,
48
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
social and physical vulnerabililies, and ex-
posed assels lor each neighbourhood. ln
addilion, UNDP supporled lhe complelion
ol lhe Amman Cily Disasler Pisk Prolle,
which will serve as lhe basis lor eslablish-
ing legal, inslilulional and organizalional
arrangemenls lor risk managemenl.
8uilding on lhe DPP Plan lor Amman,
UNDP collaboraled wilh lhe Swiss Agen-
cy lor Developmenl and Cooperalion
lo supporl lhe Aqaba Special Lconomic
Zone Aulhorily (ASLZA) in successlully
inlegraling seismic risk reduclion inlo ils
planning and business processes. Aqaba,
Y"#&14's only coaslal cily, is highly vul-
nerable lo earlhquakes, yel lhe exisling
cily plans were only locused on lhe seis-
mic response and did nol address mili-
galion, nor preparedness measures. Wilh
UNDP supporl, a seismic risk assessmenl
was conducled and lhe ASLZA Disasler
Pisk Managemenl Unil was crealed, lhus
ensuring lhal all developmenl and land
use planning is risk-sensilive^
As a resull ol lhis assessmenl and lollow
up, lhe ASLZA Direclorale lor Planning is
now using lhe lndings and recommen-
dalions lo make inlormed decisions on
land allocalion lor commercial and hous-
ing projecls, reducing lheir exposure lo
seismic hazard. 34 QTRS[ +A$=$ &$-$<"Gd
0$4+= <$& +" +A$ #$)"D4,+,"4 "E :;1d
ba as the rst ModeI City !or Disaster
>,=? >$&*)+,"4 ,4 +A$ :#1Z /+1+$= Z2
563/7>. ln addilion, lhe posilive resulls
were acknowledged by lhe neighbouring
Pelra Developmenl & Tourism Pegion Au-
lhorily, wilh whom UNDP inilialed a simi-
lar programme lo supporl lhe inlegralion
ol DPP in local developmenl planning in
lhe Pelra Pegion. A lully operalional DPP
Unil has already been sel up wilh UNDP's
supporl, while addilional programmes lo
slrenglhen underslanding and manage-
menl ol risk are on-going.
UNDP has learned lhal in order lo be suc-
cesslul, risk assessmenls need lo be based
on slrong collaboralion among lhe scienlil-
ic communily, decision-makers and slake-
holders, including local communilies and
lhe privale seclor. Therelore UNDP acls as a
convener, coordinaling conlribulions lrom
dillerenl aclors involved in DPP.
lor inslance, in 2006 UNDP supporled
a disasler risk prolle lor lhe J1<&,-$=[
which delermined lhe probabilily ol haz-
ards, assessed lhe range ol vulnerabililies
in each island, and assigned calegories ol
risk. While lhe Covernmenl had simullane-
ously been developing a programme lhal
idenliled !0 polenlial islands lor priorily
public inveslmenl, lhis was revised when
lhe Covernmenl learned lhal lour ol lhe
!0islandshadahighriskprolle.
lurlhermore,in2009aCosl8enellSludy
ol Disasler Pisk Miligalion Measures was
carried oul lor lhree islands, led by lhe
Covernmenl ol lhe Maldives wilh UNDP
supporl. The sludy was subsequenlly used
in lhe developmenl ol coaslal proleclion
guidelines in 20!!. The guidelines are also
lo be used nalionwide lo enhance lhe re-
silience ol coaslal communilies lo lhe im-
pacls ol exlreme climale evenls, sea level
rise, coaslal pressures relaled lo populalion
growlh, and ullimalely lor lhe inlegralion
ol climale change risks inlo island planning.
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
49
]\IL:\ >3/e 37'6B3!3F:B3I6 8>I]>:JJ' g]>38i
The Maldives example illuslrales lhe high
impacl risk assessmenls can have on risk
reduclion when linked lo decision mak-
ing processes.
Similarly, in /#, \14?1 UNDP supporled
lhe developmenl ol nalional hazard pro-
lles covering a broad range ol hazards,
including coaslal erosion, droughl, lood,
landslide, sea level rise, slorm surge and
lsunami. As a resull, local aulhorilies in !0
landslide prone dislricls adopled legislalion
requiring new building approvals lo lake
inlo consideralion landslide risk.
Assessing risks relaled lo climale change is
a signilcanl parl ol UNDP's work. ln 8$#*,
lhrough lhe Clobal Pisk ldenlilcalion Pro-
gramme (CPlP), UNDP supporled lhe com-
plelion ol a climale risk assessmenl in 20!0.
Pising global lemperalures are acceleraling
lhe melling ol glaciers in lhe region, which
represenl an imporlanl source ol waler sup-
ply lor communilies, lheir liveslock, indus-
lries, and lhe generalion ol hydro-eleclric
power. The assessmenl led lo lhe devel-
opmenl ol a regional slralegy lor climale
change adaplalion lor lhe slale ol Arequipa,
which seeks lo address lhe consequences ol
glacier mell on waler supply. As a resull, new
waler managemenl and irrigalion syslems
were buill, logelher wilh lood silos and res-
ervoirs, which are assisling communilies in
lhe adaplalion process. The Arequipa slrale-
gy has been used as a model lo be replicaled
in olher slales ol lhe counlry. ln addilion, lhe
Minislry ol Lducalion used lhe inlormalion
generaled lo incorporale climale change
adaplalion inlo school curricula, produced
learning malerials lor children and lrained
leachers on climale change.
UNDP promoles lhe colleclion and disseminalion ol dis-
asler risk inlormalion lhrough lhe GIobaI Risk Identid
)1+,"4 8#"D#100$ g]>38i. This mulli-slakeholder inili-
alive, hosled by UNDP bul developed and implemenled
by a dozen olher organizalions including lhe lSDP Sec-
relarial, is a sel ol harmonized aclivilies which seek lo
slrenglhenriskidenlilcalion,assessmenlandmonilor-
ing al all levels. The programme developed a Disasler
Pisk Assessmenl package lhal provides counlries wilh
lools and melhodologies lor comprehensive disasler risk
assessmenls. The vasl amounl ol inlormalion generaled
lhrough lhese programmes is available lhrough a web-
based plallorm lilled 'CPlPweb', which lacililales lhe
exchange, access and use ol risk inlormalion.
lrom ils inceplion in 2007, "-$# UP )"*4+#,$= A1-$
#$)$,-$& &,#$)+ 1==,=+14)$ +A#"*DA ]>38 lo conducl
disasler risk assessmenls al nalional and local levels.
These assessmenls have been used in lhe preparalion ol
bolh nalional slralegies lor DPP and aclion plans lor lhe
managemenl ol urban and secloral risks. 8y supporling
nalional inslilulions and engaging various seclors ol so-
ciely in lhese processes, UNDP develops local capacilies
and creales an enabling and suslainable environmenl
lor implemenling slralegies. As well, lhe new knowl-
edge ol risks is ollen incorporaled inlo schoolbooks
and curricula lo promole a cullure ol prevenlion. As ol
20!3, lhe risk idenlilcalion work carried oul by CPlP
has become lully inlegraled inlo UNDP's DPP porllolio.
50
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
ln 2009, on behall ol lhe Lmergency
Sheller Clusler and in collaboralion wilh
UN-HA8lTAT and lhe llPC, CPlP supporled
lhe cily ol Tijuana (J$(,)"i in carrying oul
urban risk assessmenls lo prepare pre-dis-
asler sheller plans. ln Tijuana, lhe projecl
lrsl used hislorical earlhquake dala lo
locale high-risk zones. Damage scenarios
were subsequenlly analysed based on lhe
dillerenl soil composilions, building loca-
lions, conslruclion lypes, and populalion
densilies and dislribulion. The eslimaled
damage lo buildings was used lo deler-
mine lhe number ol people lhal would
need sheller during an earlhquake and
lo locale sale areas lhal could be used as
shellers. As a resull ol lhe projecl, !.5 mil-
lion inhabilanls ol lhe cily ol Tijuana are
beller prolecled againsl seismic risk and
lhe cily now has a clear emergency aclion
plan, which is lrequenlly updaled lhrough
simulalion programmes. lollowing lhe pro-
jeclcomplelion,mayorsollveolhermajor
cilies ol lhe Slale ol 8aja Calilornia signed
an agreemenl lo replicale lhe measures im-
plemenled in Tijuana.
!

73/:/B'> \I// 7:B:L:/'/
Disasler loss dalabases are an imporlanl
componenl ol underslanding risk, pro-
viding hislorical inlormalion on hazard
relaled loss and damage over lime. These
dalabases can be used lor validaling risk
assessmenls and lo monilor lhe ellec-
! lor more delails see. Disasler Pisk Assess-
menl and ils Use in Decision Making Praclice
and Lxperience lrom 8aja Calilornia, Mexico
(20!!). CPlP and ClLSL. Available al.
hllp.//www.gripweb.org/gripweb/siles/de-
laull/lles/documenls_publicalions/DPA_Silu-
alion_Analysis_8C_Mexico_20!!-!!-!8.pdl
liveness ol implemenled DPP measures.
Disasler loss dala provides evidence on
which lo base inveslmenl decisions, lead-
ing lo a cosl-elleclive and ellcienl ap-
proach lo developmenl.
The UN supporled lhe implemenlalion ol
lhe 7$=34-$4+1# J$+A"&"<"D2, devel-
oped by lhe Nelwork lor Social Sludies
on Disasler Prevenlion in Lalin America in
lale !993.
2
This melhod allows lor homo-
geneous dala colleclion and an analysis
ol losses caused by disaslers, sels quali-
ly-slandards lo exchange inlormalion, has
lully documenled analylical melhodolo-
gies lacililaling implemenlalion, and can
besuccesslullyusedasalrslsleplowards
a lull risk assessmenl.
Through lhe Pegional Programme on Ca-
pacily 8uilding lor Suslainable Pecovery
and Pisk Peduclion (2005-2009), UNDP
supporled lhe implemenlalion ol Desln-
venlardisaslerlossdalabasesinlveollhe
counlries mosl allecled by lhe 2004-lsu-
nami. 34&,1, 34&"4$=,1, +A$ J1<&,-$=,
/#, \14?1, and BA1,<14&. UNDP worked
wilh governmenl aulhorilies in each ol
lhese counlries lo idenlily an appropriale
'home' lor lhe dalabase, eslablishing disas-
ler loss dalabases wilhin lhe nalional DPP
lramework, supporling lhe colleclion and
validalion ol dala, conducling analysis, and
working lo ensure suslainabilily. Thanks lo
lhisinilialive,lveollhesixcounlriesmosl
allecled by lhe 2004-lndian Ocean earlh-
quake and lsunami now have dalabases
lhal allow lhem lo develop inlormed and
risk-sensilive developmenl policies.
2 lor more inlormalion on lhe Deslnvenlar
Melhodology and implemenlalion visil hllp.//
www.desinvenlar.org/.
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
5!
lor example, in /#, \14?1 lhe disasler loss
dalabase is recognized as one ol lhe mosl
advanced in lhe region. Wilh UNDP sup-
porl, dala was collecled lrom dillerenl gov-
ernmenl organizalions, including lhe Lpi-
demiology Unil ol lhe Minislry ol Heallh,
lhe Deparlmenl ol Wildlile Conservalion,
and lhe Nalional 8uilding Pesearch Organ-
izalion, and more lhan 90 ollcers lrom
nalional and dislricl levels were lrained
on dala colleclion. ln 2007, lhe Sri Lanka
Disasler lnlormalion Syslem was launched,
and by 20!2 was lranslerred successlully
lo lhe emergency operaling cenlre ol lhe
Disasler Managemenl Cenlre. The inlor-
malion made available lhrough lhe disasler
loss dalabase revealed lo lhe Covernmenl
lhe value ol invesling in risk reduclion, in-
legralingilinlolhe20!0Visionlorlhelu-
lure. Covernmenl inveslmenls in DPP have
since increased signilcanlly, wilh budgel
allocalions in 20!3 being 25 limes larger
lhan in 2009.
3
The eslablishmenl ol lhe Disasler lnlorma-
lion Syslem and lhe slrenglhening ol ca-
pacilies wilhin lhe Disasler Managemenl
Cenlre in Sri Lanka, were parl ol a broader
nalional DPP programme supporled by
UNDP and composed ol seven dillerenl
projecls. Joinlly, lhe projecls led lo lhe es-
lablishmenl ol LWS lor bolh lsunamis and
mulli-hazards. Likewise, lhe projecl led lo
lhe crealion ol a communily based lood
and landslide moniloring and early warn-
ing mechanism. linally, nalional and dislricl
level emergency operalion cenlres were es-
lablished, helping lo slrenglhen local level
3 ln 2009, lhe budgel allocalion was ol !8.2
million SL Ps. ln 20!3 lhe budgel allocalion
was ol 465 million SL Ps.
aclion and overall coordinalion. Coupled
wilh lhe nalional Disasler lnlormalion Sys-
lem, lhese resulls have had a very posilive
impacl on lhe accessibilily ol local commu-
nilies lo disasler inlormalion and by exlen-
sion lo a reduclion ol risk.
The example ol Sri Lanka showcases lhe
imporlance ol eslablishing linkages be-
lween lhe colleclion and analysis ol disas-
ler-loss dala wilh lechnical capacilies and
DPP measures. 8ased on lhe posilive resulls
ol lhe regional programme, UNDP conlin-
ues lo assisl counlries in lhe developmenl
ol disasler loss dalabases using Deslnvenlar,
including in L$<,`$[ LA*+14[ L#*4$,[ F10d
Z"&,1[ \,Z$#,1[ J"<&"-1[ J21401#[
81?,=+14[ +A$ 8A,<,GG,4$=[ and B*4,=,1^
Coas|||ne a||ec|ed oy eros|on |n
5|erra |eone.
Credil. Tommy Trenchard/lPlN
52
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
':>\_ @:>636] /_/B'J/ g'@/i
lor some hazards, LWSs are an elleclive
measure lhal allow al-risk populalions
lo be lorewarned and lake prevenlive
and preparalory measures belore hazards
slrike. This prolecls lives and livelihoods,
while reducing lhe polenlial impacl ol
disaslers when lhey occur. UNDP supporls
governmenls lo conlinuously monilor dis-
asler risk and losses such as lhrough lhe
inslilulionalizalion ol disasler observalories
and lhe eslablishmenl ol LWSs.
lor inslance, in L14D<1&$=A lhe Minislry
ol lood and Disasler Managemenl, wilh
UNDP supporl, has eslablished bolh a 24/7
Disasler Managemenl lnlormalion Cenlre
and a Nalional Disasler Pesponse Coor-
dinalion Cenlre, lo lacililale inlormalion
sharing, deliver emergency aid in limes ol
crisis, and help coordinale risk reduclion
and recovery. Since 20!0, wilh UNDP sup-
porl, a Cell 8roadcasl Syslem has been dis-
seminaling early warning messages among
people and communilies al risk. Warning
messages are collecled lrom lhe llood
lorecasling and Warning Cenlre, which
UNDP helped eslablish, and lhe 8angla-
desh Meleorological Deparlmenl, and are
lhen disseminaled lhrough lhe delivery ol
lexl-messages lo cell phones. The slrenglh-
ened LWS has resulled in a subslanlial in-
crease in communily access lo inlormalion,
allowing lhem lo beller prepare lor and re-
spond lo hazard-relaled risks counlry-wide.
Across lhe Pacilc region, UNDP is work-
ing alongside nalional aulhorilies lo im-
prove LWS lhrough a combinalion ol dis-
asler risk assessmenls, hazard moniloring
A man rece|ves warn|n aoou| |he re|urn o| ra|ns |n |he 5oma|| |e|on o|
||h|op|a. |oo||e phones are |ncreas|n|y used |o commun|ca|e warn|ns and
coord|na|e prepara||on ac||v|||es.
Credil. UNlSDP
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
53
mechanisms, and broad sensilizalion. To
slrenglhen lsunami early warning in lhe 81d
cic region,lechnicalandlnancialsupporl
has been provided by UNDP lor lhe devel-
opmenl ol slandard operaling procedures,
linking regional providers, such as lhe Ha-
waii-basedPacilcTsunamiWarningCenlre,
wilh nalional and local aulhorilies. Nalional
parlners lhen lake lhe responsibilily ol issu-
ing warnings lo lheir cilizens lhrough lheir
respeclive disasler managemenl aulhorilies.
The ellecliveness ol lhe LWS sel up wilh
UNDP supporl in lhe region was evidenced
when a magnilude 9.0 earlhquake slruck
oll lhe coasl ol Y1G14 on !! March 20!!.
Wilhinlveminulesollheearlhquakeoc-
curring, more lhan !20,000 people living in
an exposed coaslal communily in lhe 8A,<d
,GG,4$= were alerled lo a possible lsunami
lhrough messages received on lheir mobile
phones. Allhough lhe Philippines' prov-
ince ol Albay sullered only non-deslruclive
waves, some !08,000 people in !50 coasl-
al dislricls were nonelheless evacualed as
a precaulion. The number ol people lore-
warned and lhe lasl, ellcienl delivery ol
lhe messages highlighls lhe success ol lhis
projecl in building LWSs wilh lhe polenlial
lo save lives and reduce losses.
Anolher UNDP projecl in 81?,=+14 sup-
porled lhe eslablishmenl ol a lsunami-LWS
in mid-20!!. 8olh lhe 8rilish Ceological
Survey and lhe U.S. Ceological Survey have
requesled lo review lhis syslem, which in
lhe lulure may be replicaled in I014.
ln lhe J1<&,-$=, lhe Covernmenl was pro-
vided wilh over US$3 million worlh ol equip-
menl. lunded by lhe Covernmenl ol Cer-
many and implemenled wilh UNDP supporl,
equipmenl included a Doppler Padar, salellile
communicalions syslems, and seismomelers,
among olher lhings. Slall were also lrained
on lhe use ol lhe equipmenl, while local is-
land chiels were linked lo an LWS broadcasl-
ing syslem. As a resull, lhe Maldives is now
no longer dependenl on lndia lor issuing ear-
ly warnings and local communilies are receiv-
ing more limely inlormalion.
An imporlanl issue allecling lhe way we
undersland and communicale risk, and
subsequenlly reduce il, is climale change
A man carry|n h|s oe|on|ns |n a s|yro|oam oox |r|es |o reach a rescue ooa|
a||er |ood|n |n |an||a. C||ma|e-re|a|ed d|sas|ers |||e |ood|n are on |he r|se
|ooa||y. |ar|y warn|n sys|ems and coopera||on amon coun|r|es are needed
|o |ncrease res|||ence |o wa|er-re|a|ed d|sas|ers.
Credil. Jason Culierrez/lPlN 20!2
54
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
and ils ellecls. lor inslance, one parlicu-
lar consequence ol climale change is lhe
acceleraled melling ol glaciers, which is
leading lo a rapid accumulalion ol waler
in mounlainlop lakes in lhe Himalayan
region. While sedimenls deposiled by lhe
glaciers acl as a nalural barrier conlaining
lhe lakes, wilh lhe accumulaling mell wa-
ler lhese nalural dams are becoming less
and less slable. The risk is lhal lhese glacial
lakes will bursl, releasing millions ol cu-
bic melres ol waler and debris in a shorl
period ol lime. These sudden discharges
ol waler, or Clacial Lake Oulbursl lloods
(CLOls), are polenlially devaslaling lor
communilies lurlher down. lor example,
a CLOl evenl which occurred in LA*+14
in !994, released approximalely 20 million
cubic melres ol waler, damaged more lhan
!,700 acres ol agricullural land, washed
away lve mills and !6 yaks, deslroyed six
lons ol lood grains and killed 22 people.
ln an ellorl lo help counlries address lhis
emerging and increasingly recurrenl lype
ol hazard, UNDP has parlnered wilh lhe
Luropean Commission lor Humanilar-
ian Aid (LCHO) lo underlake lhe Pegional
Clacial Lake Oulbursl lloods (CLOls) Pisk
Peduclion in lhe Himalayas lnilialive. lm-
plemenled lrom December 2007 lo lebru-
ary 2009, lhe inilialive covered LA*+14,
34&,1, 6$G1< and 81?,=+14[ and locused
on slrenglhening non-slruclural and com-
munily-based capacilies.
Au|oma||c Wa|er |eve| |on||or|n 5|a||on (AW|5 |n |he |unana re|on, where |he 1hor|hom| C|ac|a| |a|e |s
|oca|ed |n 3hu|an. An |ar|y Warn|n 5ys|em has oeen |ns|a||ed |o prov|de rea| ||me |ac|a| |a|e ou|ours| |ood
warn|n |o |he peop|e ||v|n |n |una|ha-Wandue and Cham|har va||ey, downs|ream o| |he |ac|a| |a|e.
Credil. UNDP 8hulan
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
55
lor inslance, in LA*+14 UNDP helped iden-
lily downslream valleys polenlially exposed
lo CLOls. Considering lhal only 7.8 percenl
ol 8hulan's land area is suilable lor larming,
lhe risk ol decreased agricullural oulpul due
lo CLOls is high. As a resull ol lhe regional
programme, people living in lhe mosl al-risk
valleys are now covered by an end-lo-end
lash lood and CLOl LWS. As parl ol lhe
projecl, hazard maps were developed and
disseminaled, and are now being used lo
highlighl hazard prone and vulnerable ar-
eas. As a response lo lhe risk assessmenl,
measures have been laken lo lower lhe
waler level ol lhe glacial lake Thorlhomi by
more lhan 3.6 melers, averling a predicled
CLOl evenl. As well, !7 siren lowers along
lhe Punakha-Wangdue valley are also pro-
viding CLOl early warning lo 2! vulnerable
communilies, while 67 percenl ol house-
holds in lhe largel area have been made
aware ol evacualion roules.
Similarly, in 6$G1< lhe regional programme
helped idenlily CLOl risk reduclion as a pri-
orily projecl lor implemenlalion. The pro-
gramme slrenglhened Covernmenl capac-
ily on preparedness, response and planning
in al leasl seven communilies downslream
lrom one ol lhe mosl vulnerable glacial
lakes. UNDP Nepal is now helping lo eslab-
lish a communily-based LWS, which will
be linked lo lhe dislricl and cenlral levels
lhrough emergency operalion cenlres al
bolh levels. ln addilion, lhe Covernmenl ol
Nepal has compleled conslruclion ol a Na-
lional Lmergency Operalions Cenlre, wilh
lechnical supporl lrom UNDP and lunding
lrom AusAlD. The cenlre will collecl, ana-
lyse and disseminale inlormalion on haz-
ards and coordinale emergency response.
The CLOl Pegional Programme has slrong-
lybenelledlromlhejoinlcollaboralionol
UNDP Counlry Ollces and local parlners,
who have an inlimale underslanding ol
lhe local conlexl. The projecl has success-
lully helped embed knowledge ol CLOl
risk wilhin lhe adminislralive lhinking ol
decision-makers, and elleclively led lo a re-
duclion in lhe risk posed by lhe acceleraled
melling ol glaciers.
Commun||y memoers he|p prepare
r|s| maps |o |den|||y |oca| hazards
and vu|nerao|||||es.
Credil. UNDP 8hulan
56
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
:#0$4,1
\")1+$& ,4 "4$ "E +A$ 0"=+ =$,=0,)1<<2 1)+,-$ 1#$1= "E +A$ %"#<&[ :#0$4,1 ,= -*<4$#1Z<$ +" 4*0$#"*= 41+*d
#1< A1`1#&=^ b,DA <$-$<= "E *#Z14,`1+,"4 14& A,DA ,4),&$4)$ "E G"-$#+2 Z"+A A1-$ +A$ G"+$4+,1< +" ,4)#$1=$
A1`1#& $(G"=*#$ 14& -*<4$#1Z,<,+2 ,4 +A$ )"*4+#2^
34 E")*=9
ln !988, Armenia was devaslaled by a massive earlh-
quake, which deslroyed over 350 selllemenls, killed more
lhan 25,000 people and lell 5!4,000 people homeless.
The disasler proved an enlry poinl lor DPP and led lhe
Covernmenl ol Armenia lo priorilize lhe developmenl ol
DPP capacilies. 8elween !990-!99!, bolh lhe Nalional
Survey lor Seismic Proleclion and lhe Slale Lmergency
Managemenl Adminislralion were eslablished. To sup-
porl lhis new locus on DPP, UNDP and OCHA inilialed a
Disasler Managemenl Training Programme in !997.
Throughoul lhe lollowing decade Armenia conlinued
lo develop ils DPP capacilies, lransilioning lrom an
exclusively posl-disasler response slralegy lo a more
comprehensive, long-lerm approach, wilh an emphasis
on preparedness, awareness and planning. ln order lo
syslemalize capacily developmenl ellorls and idenlily
signilcanl gaps, in 20!0 UNDP Armenia, wilh supporl
lrom lhe Capacily lor Disasler Peduclion lnilialive (CAD-
Pl) and lhe Capacily Developmenl Croup, worked wilh
lhe Minislry ol Lmergency Silualions (MoLS) lo design
and lacililale a DPP capacily sell-assessmenl. ln con-
sullalion wilh lhe Minislry, lhe Hyogo lramework lor
Aclion was selecled as lhe basis lor designing lhe in-
dicalors againsl which key governmenl ollcials would
measure lhe DPP syslem capacilies.
This capacily assessmenl provided a roadmap lo lhe
MoLS and recommended several slralegic aclions, in-
cluding devising a nalional slralegy lor DPP, conducl-
ing syslem wide moniloring and evalualion lo sup-
porl coordinalion and inlormalion managemenl, and
eslablishing a Nalional Disasler Observalory lo unily
dalabases. 8ased on lhe resulls ol lhe assessmenl, an
aclion plan lor capacily developmenl was adopled lo
slrenglhen lhe DPP syslem.
To lollow up on lhe recommendalions ol lhe assess-
menl, lhe Covernmenl, supporled by UNDP and parl-
ners,
4
worked joinlly on lhe developmenl ol a Nalional
DPP Slralegy, which was guided by lhe priorilies ol lhe
HlA and lhe goals ol lhe Armenian Nalional Suslain-
able Developmenl Programme. The developmenl pro-
cess was led by a Nalional DPP Plallorm, eslablished
in 20!0, and was exlremely parlicipalory, emphasizing
lhe leading role ol lhe Covernmenl, parlicularly lhe
MoLS, and providing equal opporlunilies lo all DPP
slakeholders lo become parl ol lhe decision making
process.lnMarch20!2,lhelnaldrallollhisslralegy
was approved by lhe Prime Minisler ol Armenia.
ln 20!!, lhe MoLS implemenled a plan lo decenlral-
ize lhe DPP syslem, appoinling lhe Minislry's regional
represenlalives as regional DPP and Hyogo lramework
local poinls, and selling up bolh a Crisis Managemenl
Cenlre and a Nalional Disasler Observalory. ln order
lo slrenglhen underslanding ol risks, UNDP supporled
4 Armenian Ped Cross, Crisis Managemenl Slale Academy,
Japan lnlernalional Cooperalion Agency, Oxlam, Swiss
Developmenl Cooperalion Sociely, UNlCLl, WHO, lhe
World8ank,andWorldVisionArmenia.
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
57
lheobservalorylhroughlheClobalPiskldenlilcalion
Programme (CPlP), lor lhe colleclion, analysis and in-
lerprelalion ol disasler dala. The observalory has since
been able lo creale hazard maps lor lhe lhree major
lhreals loods, earlhquakes and landslides and
regular dala moniloring is allowing lhe Crisis Manage-
menl Cenlre lo issue early warnings.
Al lhe communily level, UNDP supporled lhe MoLS
in conducling Local Level Pisk Managemenl lnlerven-
lions wilh a locus on vulnerabilily and capacily as-
sessmenls. The melhodology used was drawn lrom a
loolbox developed by lhe llPC and adapled by UNDP
lo incorporale climale risk managemenl (CPM) and
gender-relaled componenls. Wilh lhe implemenlalion
1he Na||ona| ||sas|er Ooserva|ory was es|ao||shed |n Armen|a |n 2011 |n order |o suppor| na||ona| r|s|
assessmen| processes and d|sas|er r|s| manaemen| |n|||a||ves.
Credil. UNDP Armenia
58
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
ol lhe local risk managemenl inlervenlions, UNDP in-
ilialed a dynamic process ol communily mobilizalion
lhal led lo lhe achievemenl ol lour basic requiremenls
lor successlul DPP communily engagemenl. )"00"4
*4&$#=+14&,4D "E A1`1#&=j )"00"4 G$#)$G+,"4
"E #,=?=, )"00"4 =$4=$ "E =A1#$& #$=G"4=,Z,<,+2,
and )"00"4<2 1D#$$& 7>> 0$1=*#$= #$<$-14+ +"
4$$&= 14& )1G1),+,$=. 8ased on lhe assessmenls,
DPP aclivilies were priorilized and presenled lo local
aulhorilies, and subsequenlly included in developmenl
and operalional plans. This led lo lhe implemenlalion
ol over !8 adaplalion and miligalion projecls, includ-
ing an innovalive vineyard proleclion anli-hail-nel pro-
gramme, lhe conslruclion ol embankmenls lo prevenl
mudlowonagricullurallands,andlhereconslruclion
olabridgedeslroyedbyheavylooding.
ln addilion, under lhe local risk managemenl projecl,
lhe Communily Pisk Cerlilcale has now become an
essenlial communily planning lool, circulaled among
DPP slakeholders lor consideralion, and presenled lo
lhe MoLS and lhe Minislry ol Terrilorial Adminislralion
lo be inlegraled inlo lhe planning lemplales lor com-
munily developmenl.
Also in supporl ol lhe decenlralized DPP syslem, un-
der lhe leadership ol lhe Nalional DPP Plallorm a spe-
cial lraining package on lhe inlroduclion ol local risk
managemenl in lhe communilies was developed. The
lraining package was subsequenlly dislribuled lo all
9!5 communilies, !0 DPP regional leams and olher
DPP slakeholders, lo be used as a common educalion
package.
Throughoul lhe supporl provided lo lhe nalional
and communily DPP syslem, UNDP has consislenlly
encouraged an emphasis on gender mainslreaming.
Lqual gender parlicipalion was ensured during lhe
DPP projecl implemenlalion lhanks lo simullaneously
held gender sensilive DPP educalion and awareness
campaigns, as well as lhe provision ol equal oppor-
lunilies lo all communily members lo be aclively
involved in lhe local risk managemenl process. The
Nalional DPP Plallorm lormed a lhemalic group on
Cender mainslreaming in DPP, promoling lhe DPP
slakeholders' consideralion ol gender issues in poli-
cies and aclions. ln addilion, a sludy on gender and
DPP was conducled and used lo inlorm lhe devel-
opmenl ol a Cender Aclion Plan. This plan aimed lo
raiseawarenessandsensilizeollcialsonlhebenells
and necessily ol gender-sensilive DPP. These ellorls
joinlly led lo imporlanl resulls, including lhe inclusion
olaDPP-specilcchaplerwilhinlheNalionalCender
Policy implemenlalion plan 20!!-20!5.
5
5 UNDP Armenia (20!!). Applying Cender Mainslreaming in
Disasler Pisk Peduclion Policy Developmenl / Cuideline lor
Praclilioners.
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
59
Nalional Survey lor Seismic Proleclion
and Lmergency Managemenl
Adminislralion eslablished
Nalional legislalion revised lo
slrenglhen DPP regulalory lramework
QTTQ
RXXTmRXXR
DPP Nalional Plallorm
eslablished
Nalional DPP Capacily
Assessmenl conducled
ClS dalabase compleled
QTRT
LMA was converled inlo Minislry ol
Lmergency Silualions
QTTW
Lslablishmenl ol lhe Nalional Disas-
ler Observalory as parl ol lhe Crisis
Managemenl Cenlre, MoLS
MoU signed belween UN and MoLS
lo slrenglhen collaboralion on DPP,
preparedness and response
QTRR
DPP Nalional Slralegy approved
QTRQ
J,<$=+"4$=
UNDP has also supporled soulh-soulh cooperalion in
Armenia. A Memorandum ol Underslanding has been
signed belween lhe Covernmenls ol Armenia and
Monlenegro, lhrough which lhe Minislry ol Lmergen-
cy Silualions ol Armenia and lhe Minislry ol lnlerior
ol Monlenegro commilled lhemselves lo slrenglhen-
ing cooperalion lhrough lhe exchange ol specialisls
and inlormalion sharing. UNDP also lacililaled lhe
signing ol a memorandum belween lhe Nalional DPP
plallorms ol Armenia and Kyrgyzslan, lhrough which
lhe parlies will cooperale lo solve common problems,
lurlher improving capabililies lor DPP and emergency
preparedness.
Through ils work wilh bolh local communilies and
lhe cenlral Covernmenl, nolably in slrenglhening
inslilulional and legal syslems while helping lo in-
crease knowledge on risks, UNDP has accompanied
Armenia in ils lransilion lrom an exclusively disasler
response-cenlred approach lo one locused on disasler
prevenlion and risk reduclion.
60
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
lrom 2005-20!2 more lhan 60,000
people killed by disaslers
lrom 2005-20!2 over 8 million
people allecled by disaslers
Tolal damage 2005- 20!2
US$20 billion
VT[TTTk W 0,<<,"4k 5/lQT Z,<<,"4
'*#"G$ 14& F"00"4%$1<+A "E 34&$G$4&$4+ /+1+$= g'F3/i
*source LMDAT/CPLD
Counlries in UNDP regional bureau wilh resulls in DPP and Pecovery
Pemaining counlries in UNDP regional bureau
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
6!
5678 @"#?9
Percenlage ol counlries wilh UNDP work on
7,=1=+$# >,=? >$&*)+,"4 H >$)"-$#2
OVh
)& '3* (*6)$&
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B
NATIONAL
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*+'012)+3*- )&
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#$%&'() *+
:;<=
ASSESSMENT
& MAPPING
#$>52*'*- )&
/
#$%&'() *+
LEGAL
FRAMEWORKS
'$ +%55$(' DRM
5(*50(*- )&
"
8!
UNDP has supported
#$%&'()*+ @)'3
DISASTER
REDUCTION
RISK
:;<=
URBAN
PROGRAMMES
'$ 5($'*#' (05)-2I
30A* +*' %5
6($@)&6 #)')*+
Tajikistan and
Armenia
PLANS
PREPAREDNESS
AND CONTINGENCY
+*' %5 )&
0&-
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Tajikistan
Kazakhstan
88
30A* >0)&+'(*0>*-
)
&
'
$
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DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
DEVELOPMENT
POLICIES
Ch||dren |rom |he 1eu|s Ch||drens Assoc|a||on |or Ac||ve |ar||c|pa||on |n |he
|h|||pp|nes p|an| manrove sap||ns. |anroves prov|de much needed pro|ec||on
aa|ns| d|sas|rous |yphoons and |oods.
Credil. UNlSDP
Peducing Pisk
Advancing Priorilies ! and 4 ol lhe Hyogo lramework lor Aclion
One ol lhe core goals ol UNDP's DPP
work is lo enable counlry parlners lo
reduce risk. UNDP achieves lhis lhough
a holislic, good-governance orienled
approach, involving policies, laws, insli-
lulions, and well-planned, sullcienlly
resourced programmes. Togelher, lhese
aclions enable risk managemenl and
reduclion. lnslilulional and legislalive
syslems (lLS) can lacililale inlormalion
sharing and resource allocalion by des-
ignaling crucial roles and responsibililies,
which are lhen carried oul by respeclive
agencies and secloral parlners. ln essence,
G#"D#100$= +" #$&*)$ #,=? 1#$ Z"#4$
o! governance actions that o!ciaIise,
G<14 14& Z*&D$+ E"# +A$0^
Due lo growing risks lrom urbanizalion
and climale change, addilional challenges
exisl lor governance. The goal is lo ensure
disasler risk inlormalion is syslemalically
applied lo and considered in developmenl
and recovery planning. As lhis seclion will
describe, lhis is lacililaled by governance
syslems, raising awareness and main-
slreaming risk reduclion across seclors, lo-
gelher wilh lhe developmenl ol capacilies
and disseminalion ol besl praclices.
b8 countries have
strengthened their
DRR institutional
and legal
frameworks with
UNDP support
64
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
]Ia'>6:6F' :67 73/:/B'>
>3/e >'75FB3I6
Through ils counlry-level work wilh gov-
ernmenls, UNDP's experience has shown
lhal appropriale governance is lundamen-
lal il risk consideralions are lo be laclored
inlo developmenl planning, leading lo re-
duced risk.
!
An adequale inslilulional ba-
sis, as well as good governance, is an im-
porlanl prerequisile lor DPP.
UNDP's inslilulional and legislalive supporl
lo governmenls in lhe pasl lwo decades
has evolved lrom a disasler-managemenl
lo a risk-managemenl approach. Whilsl in
lhe !990's ellorls were locused on eslab-
lishing nalional disasler managemenl au-
lhorilies (NDMAs) lhrough one-dimension-
al programmes, lhe realizalion lhal NDMAs
needed lo be parl ol a broader public poli-
cy relorm process prompled UNDP lo build
on ils governance experlise and develop a
more holislic approach.
As illuslraled by lhe 'ln locus' counlry ex-
amples placed lhroughoul lhis reporl, in
an ellorl lo ensure a comprehensive and
suslainable approach, UNDP promoles DPP
syslems lhal are lounded on lhe principles
ol 'good governance'. broad parlicipalion,
parlnerships, lransparency, accounlabilily,
ruleollaw,ellciency,ellecliveness,andre-
sponsiveness. Cood governance in DPP can
ensure lhal adequale operalional lrame-
works, capacilies and resources, are made
available lo enable socielies lo pul in place
appropriale measures lo prevenl, prepare
lor, manage and recover lrom disaslers.
! Uniled Nalions Developmenl Programme
(2004). Peducing Disasler Pisk. A Challenge
lor Developmenl. New York.
lor example, in lhe /"<"0"4 3=<14&=,
UNDP worked wilh lhe Nalional Disasler
Council on lhe developmenl ol a Nalional
Disasler Pisk Managemenl plan in 2009.
The plan was based on a broad consullalive
process in which communilies, agencies,
seclors and various levels ol governmenl
were represenled. During lhe preparalion
ol lhe plan, UNDP emphasized lhe need
lo recognize social inequalilies and gen-
der-dillerenlialed needs and impacls. Due
lo lhis, lhe plan promoles DPP inilialives
which are gender and child specilc, rec-
ognizing lhe dillerenl vulnerabililies wilhin
lhe communily. Civen lhe concern lhal,
despile a gender-sensilive plan, cullural
obslacles would limil women's genuine in-
volvemenl, lhe Minislry ol Women, Youlh
and Children is now aclively engaged in
lhe implemenlalion process, logelher wilh
local NCOs and lhe nalional Ped Cross.
ln 5D14&1,UNDPparlneredwilhlheOllce
ol lhe Prime Minisler in developing and in
lacililaling lhe passage ol lhe Nalional Pol-
icy lor Disasler Preparedness and Manage-
menl. This was accompanied by a process
ol slrenglhening local capacily in disasler
managemenl. Through lhe Crisis Man-
agemenl and Pecovery Programme, UNDP
supporled lhe Ollce ol lhe Prime Minis-
ler and lhe Dislricl Disasler Managemenl
Technical Commillees in norlhern Uganda
(lhen known as Dislricl Disasler Manage-
menl Commillees) by bolslering lhe capac-
ily ol lhese inslilulions lo coordinale emer-
gency and DPP measures. Commillees in
!! dislricls in lhe Acholi, Lango and Teso
sub-regions, were successlully revilalized or
supporled in eslablishing Sub-Counly Dis-
asler Managemenl Commillees. This was
7b percent of
National Disaster
Management
Authorities in the
Asia-Pacifc Region
have received
direct technical
and/or fnancial
support from UNDP
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
65
done lo ensure lhal disasler prevenlion,
preparedness and response reach lhe low-
esl level ol governance. The Commillees
were lrained on DPP and early warning,
and lhe commillees remain lully lunclion-
al, working lo improve disasler risk reduc-
lion among lheir communilies.
Similarly in ]A141, lhrough CADPl, UNDP
supporled lhe developmenl ol lhe Chana
Plan ol Aclion lor DPP and Climale Ad-
aplalion 20!!-20!5. The plan was a sig-
nilcanl achievemenl, demonslraling lhe
shill in lhe Covernmenl's approach lrom a
reaclive one lo one ol risk managemenl.
The plan mobilized dillerenl inslilulions
lowards addressing disasler risk, building
on a collaboralive process among mulliple
slakeholders involved in ils developmenl.
UNDP has worked wilh governmenls world-
wide in lhe developmenl and slrenglhening
ol nalional disasler managemenl policy, as
is illuslraled by lhe cases menlioned above.
These policies eslablish nalional agencies
lhal will deal wilh hazards and risks, and
describe lhe counler-measures lhal need
lo be laken lo reduce lhem. These agencies
coordinale disasler and risk reduclion ac-
liviliesbydelningrolesandresponsibililies,
allocaling resources, providing lrameworks
lor aclion, implemenling disasler prevenlion
and preparedness measures, and coordinal-
ing reliel and recovery aclivilies and assess-
menls when disaslers occur. Nalional DPP
policies also play lhe imporlanl role ol pro-
viding an inslilulional lramework lhrough
which budgel allocalions can be made, con-
solidaling nalional budgel conlribulions lo
DPP programmes and lacililies.
lor example, in lhe 7"0,4,)14 >$G*Z<,),
lhrough a DPP programme implemenled
lrom 2006-20!0, UNDP worked wilh na-
lional aulhorilies lo advance lhe elleclive
implemenlalion ol Law !47-02 on DPP,
which called lor lhe crealion ol a Nalional
Syslem lor Disasler Prevenlion, Miligalion
and Pesponse (Sislema Nacional para la
Prevencion, Miligacion y Pespuesla anle
Desaslres). As lhe syslem was eslablished,
UNDP parlnered wilh UNlSDP and lhe lech-
nical supporl ol lhe lnslilulo Tecnologico de
Sanlo Domingo and lhe lacullad Lalino-
americana de Ciencias Sociales, lo supporl
lhe slrenglhening ol lhe nalional DPP sys-
lem and lhe implemenlalion ol lhe alore-
menlioned law. Capacily developmenl pro-
grammes were developed lo slrenglhen lhe
DPP syslem, wilh special allenlion paid lo
inlegraling gender issues inlo curriculums
and ensuring equal parlicipalion. As a re-
sull, a nalional lechnical commillee was
eslablished and lrained, incorporaling rep-
resenlalion lrom 22 dillerenl slale unils. Wilh
UNDP's supporl lhe Dominican Pepublic has
|es|den|s o| 5oro|| (Uanda,
ass|s| an e|der|y res|den| |n cross|n
a |ooded area |n 5ep|emoer 2012.
Credil. John Odong/lPlN
66
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
undergone a subslanlial lranslormalion in
ils DPP capacily. The counlry now possess-
es a Nalional Seismic Pisk Peduclion Plan,
a Nalional DPP Plan, and a Nalional lund
lor Prevenlion, Miligalion and Pesponse. ln
addilion, lhe number ol risk managemenl
unils al lhe local level is increasing, lurlher
slrenglhening lhe coordinalion capacily ol
lhe Nalional Lmergency Commillee. More-
over, lhe Nalional Developmenl Slralegy
20!0-2030, incorporales risk reduclion as a
crossculling issue and one ol ils main pillars,
paving lhe way lor a slronger arliculalion ol
DPP wilhin developmenl programmes.
As relecled in a review ol UNDP's inslilu-
lional and legislalive supporl lor DPP pub-
lished in 2007, lhe deplh and characler ol
UNDP involvemenl varies considerably lrom
counlry lo counlry, responding lo lhe diller-
enl nalional conlexls. 8ecause lhe inslilu-
lions and arrangemenls eslablished by DPP
policies need lo be adaplable lo changing
circumslances, UNDP has been uniquely po-
silioned lo assisl governmenls in lheir lur-
lher developmenl and reinlorcemenl.
Slrenglhening inslilulional and legislalive
syslems is nol reslricled lo lhe nalional or
cenlral levels. UNDP works wilh cily and
sub-nalional governmenls lo help lhem
inlegrale lheir own syslems wilh lheir na-
lional counlerparls, lhus slandardizing and
slreamlining DPP policies and praclices. ln
L"<,-,1 and F"<"0Z,1 lor example, UNDP
was inslrumenlal in lhe eslablishmenl and
inslilulionalizalion ol disasler response
syslems in 8ogola, Medellin and La Paz.
These local syslems respond in lurn lo na-
lional syslems, lhe laller ol which call lor
and are conslrucled upon, decenlralized
DPP aclivilies. The DPP syslems mirror lhe
governance syslems in place in each coun-
lry, where exisling legislalion and praclices
slrongly supporl popular parlicipalion in
decision-making al lhe local level.
The case ol 6$G1< releclsaverydillerenl
conlexl. The counlry saw a slow-down ol
ils ellorls lo develop a Comprehensive Plan
lor Disasler Managemenl due lo lhe Mao-
isl insurgency ol lhe lale !990s. lollowing
lhis, UNDP, being presenl in lhe counlry
belore, during and aller lhe conlicl, was
able lo re-ignile lhe risk reduclion process,
leading lo lhe re-eslablishmenl ol secloral
working groups and lhe developmenl and
approval ol a Nalional Slralegy lor Disasler
Pisk Managemenl in 2008. lollowing lhe
approval ol lhis slralegy, lhe Covernmenl
ol Nepal has embarked on lhe eslablish-
menl ol new inslilulional, legislalive and
policy lrameworks lor DPP.
UNDP also provides inslrumenlal supporl
in complex slales, such as in :EDA14,=+14.
There, UNDP collaboraled wilh lhe Alghan
Nalional Disasler Managemenl Aulhorily
lo revise lhe Disasler Managemenl Acl.
Whileasyelunlnished,lhepassingollhe
Commun||y res|den|s
ac||ve|y par||c|pa||n |n
hazard mapp|n exerc|se.
Credil. UNDP Peru
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
67
Acl will signily a shill lrom a posl disasler-
response locus lo comprehensive DPP, pro-
viding a legal basis lor lhe mainslreaming
olDPPinlodevelopmenlandclearlydeln-
ing lhe roles and responsibililies ol lhe Au-
lhorily. Simullaneously, preparedness and
recovery mechanisms and capacilies are
being lormalized and improved, including
guidelines lor elleclive and lransparenl use
ol lhe Nalional Lmergency lund and lhe
slrenglhening ol lhe Nalional Lmergency
Operalions Cenlre.
ln lhese examples menlioned above, as in
many olher counlries, UNDP was able lo
idenlily enlry-poinls lo inlroduce and devel-
op DPP programmes in collaboralion wilh
nalional aulhorilies. UNDP's counlry knowl-
edge, lhe relalionship developed wilh com-
munilies and governmenls lhrough olher
developmenl programmes, and drawing
on parlnerships al lhe global, regional and
nalional levels, allowed UNDP lo provide in-
slrumenlal supporl lor lhe slrenglhening ol
inslilulional and legislalive syslems lor DPP.
J:36/B>':J36] 7>> 36BI
7'a'\I8J'6B
DPP is all loo lrequenlly considered as a
sland-alone issue, separale lrom olher
developmenl consideralions. Yel because
disaslers by delnilion enlail widespread
losses, lypically across a wide range ol sec-
lors and allecling mulliple segmenls ol so-
ciely, lo reduce disasler losses and prolecl
inveslmenls, DPP musl be an inlegral parl
ol developmenl. Aclions musl be laken
and measures pul in place lhroughoul all
allecled seclors and al mulliple levels in
sociely lo reduce hazard exposure and vul-
nerabilily. This comprehensive approach is
necessary lor losses lo be reduced.
lor example, in lhe years belore lhe 20!0
b1,+, earlhquake, bilaleral and mullilaleral
ODA supporled lhe developmenl ol Haili's
economic inlraslruclure, roads, hospilals
and schools. Yel when lhe earlhquake
occurred, il look only minules lor lhe de-
slruclion ol hundreds ol schools, hospilals
and heallh cenlres, while kilomelres ol
main roads were deslroyed or rendered un-
usable. This clearly demonslrales lhe high
economic cosl and loss ol lile lo which lhe
lack ol inlegralion ol DPP measures inlo
developmenl in disasler-prone sellings will
inevilably lead.
To address lhis need, UNDP locused on lhe
principal developmenl planning lool used
by lhe UN syslem al counlry level, lhe UN
Developmenl Assislance lramework (UN-
DAl). The UNDAl sels lhe direclion lor lhe
UN Counlry Team (UNCT) member agen-
cies'lve-yearprogrammes,asagreedwilh
lhe Covernmenl. The inclusion ol DPP in
lhe UNDAl is a key enlry poinl lor ensuring
lhal DPP is lully inlegraled inlo UN coun-
lry programmes in supporl ol lhe coun-
lry's own developmenl ellorls. Joinlly wilh
lhe Uniled Nalions Developmenl Croup
(UNDC) and UNlSDP, UNDP led lhe devel-
opmenl ol guidelines lor inlegraling DPP
inlo lhe UNDAl preparalion process. UNDP
provides on-going advice lo UN agencies
al counlry level as lo how lo inlegrale
DPP inlo developmenl and programming,
and has developed and conducls lraining
lor UNCT on lhe inlegralion ol DPP and
climale change adaplalion inlo nalional
developmenl lrameworks. Since lhe publi-
calion ol lhe UNDAl mainslreaming guide-
lines in 2009, 54 UN counlry leams have
compleled new UNDAls oul ol which 5!
include relerence lo DPP issues, only seven
68
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
ol which address DPP as an exclusively pre-
paredness and recovery issue.
2

On lhe side ol local parlners, as a signa-
lure aclivily, UNDP advocales lor lhe im-
porlance ol incorporaling DPP as a cenlral
priorily in nalional developmenl lrame-
works, such as Poverly Peduclion Slralegy
Papers. One ol lhe mosl salienl cases is
lhal ol 8$#*, where, lollowing slrong ad-
vocacy by UNDP, +A$ ]"-$#40$4+ G1==$&
1 =+1+$ G"<,)2 01?,4D 7>> ,4+$D#1+,"4
,4+" &$-$<"G0$4+ G#"c$)+= 014&1+"#2^
Similarly, in b"4&*#1= UNDP supporled
lhe Secrelarial ol Developmenl Planning in
conducling a course lor governmenl oll-
cials and NCOs on developmenl planning,
mainslreaming risk reduclion and gender
equalily. The 45 lechnicians lrained, 55
percenl ol which were women, have led
reviews ol lhe nalional guidelines lor in-
veslmenl and developmenl planning, and
have inlegraled a gender perspeclive lo
lheir work. ln a prominenl example, +A$
!,414)$ /$)#$+1#2 "E b"4&*#1= 01&$
7>> 01,4=+#$10,4D 014&1+"#2 E"#
pubIic nanced projects, while dissemi-
naling new guidelines lor disasler risk as-
sessmenls lo lacililale lhe process.
ln e2#D2`=+14, where UNDP has been
working wilh nalional aulhorilies on DPP
lor several years, new laws have been in-
legraling DPP inlo governance since 20!!,
and local governmenls are modilying mu-
nicipal budgels lo include provisions lor DPP
lunding, indicalors, and dala colleclion.
Likewise, wilh UNDP supporl, B1c,?,=+14 is-
2 lnlormalion drawn lrom a UNlSDP prelimi-
nary reporl which assesses progress lowards
DPP mainslreaming in counlry-level Uniled
Nalions planning, lebruary 20!3.
suedollcialguidelineslorinlegralingDPP
inlo dislricl developmenl plans and piloled
lhem in !3 dislricls. These achievemenls
have been a resull ol conlinuous advocacy
and successlul DPP programmes, led by
nalional aulhorilies and supporled by mul-
liple parlners, including UNDP.
ln L14D<1&$=A, UNDP is supporling an
innovalive lunding mechanism under lhe
Comprehensive Disasler Managemenl
Programme, which is lacililaling lhe main-
slreaming ol DPP issues inlo developmenl.
To supporl lhe implemenlalion ol risk
reduclion measures idenliled by vulner-
able communilies, small granls are being
provided lo NCOs and local governmenls.
Cranls are awarded on lhe basis ol risk re-
duclion aclion plans, developed lhrough
Communily Pisk Assessmenls and man-
aged by a lechnical review and approval
commillee. Over 550 risk reduclion inler-
venlions, spread across !6 dislricls, have
been lunded, including mulliple slruclural
miligalion measures, largely lowards im-
proving cerlain lacililies or inlraslruclure
allhevillagelevel.ApproximalelyUS$lve
million has already been dislribuled. The
lunding mechanism is nol only giving local
Disasler Managemenl Commillees an op-
porlunily lo gel involved wilh lhe imple-
menlalion ol risk reduclion measures, bul
also encourages local aulhorilies lo lake
ownership ol DPP inilialives and increases
lhe level ol communily parlicipalion.
ln lhe Pacilc region, UNDP supporled lhe
Covernmenl ol F""? 3=<14&= in subslan-
lively revising lhe Nalional Suslainable
Developmenl Plan (20!!-20!5), which
includes a slralegic pillar dedicaled lo en-
hancing lhe resilience ol communilies lo
Since 2009,
b4 UN country
teams have
completed new
UNDAFs - out of
which b1 include
reference to
DRR issues
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
69
disaslers and climale change. DPP has since
been incorporaled as a crilerion wilhin lhe
screening process lor lhe Covernmenl's an-
nual developmenl budgel allocalion. Similar
budgelary consideralions have been imple-
menled in 81G*1 6$% ]*,4$1 wilh UNDP
supporl. ln lhal counlry, risk reduclion inlor-
malion and crileria are required lor any new
public inlraslruclure inveslmenls.
F\3J:B' >3/e J:6:]'J'6B
The lnler-Covernmenlal Panel on Climale
Change Special Peporl on Managing lhe
Pisks ol Lxlreme Lvenls and Disaslers lo
Advance Climale Change Adaplalion,
lrmly eslablished lhe linkages belween
climale change, exlreme climale evenls
and disaslers.
3
UNDP is moving rapidly
lo inlegrale climale change adaplalion
(CCA) and DPP lo address simullaneously
lhe risks lo developmenl posed by climale
variabilily and change.
Climale Pisk Managemenl (CPM) relers
lo an inlegraled approach lhal advances
climale-sensilive decision making. ll lo-
cuses on developmenl oulcomes lhal are
dependenl on climalic condilions, such as
in agricullure, waler resources, lood se-
curily, heallh, lhe environmenl, urbanism
and livelihoods.
One inilialive in lhis area is lhe Climale Pisk
Managemenl Technical Assislance Supporl
3 lPCC, (20!2). Managing lhe Pisks ol Lxlreme
Lvenls and Disaslers lo Advance Climale
ChangeAdaplalionlield,C.8.,V.8arros,
T.l.Slocker,D.Qin,D.J.Dokken,K.L.Lbi,
M.D.Maslrandrea,K.J.Mach,C.-K.Plallner,
S.K.Allen,M.Tignor,andP.M.Midgley
(eds.). A Special Peporl ol Working Croups
l and ll ol lhe lnlergovernmenlal Panel on
Climale Change. Cambridge Universily Press,
Cambridge,UK,andNewYork,NY,USA.
Projecl (CPM-TASP), lhrough which UNDP
supporls !7 counlries across lhe globe.
The CPM-TASP assisls counlries lo iden-
lily risks associaled wilh climale variabilily
andchange,delneriskreduclionpriorilies,
analyse lhe inslilulional and policy environ-
menl lor CPM, and assess capacily needs
lor CPM implemenlalion. The resulls are
used as a basis lor developing comprehen-
sive CPM programmes.
lor inslance, in 6$G1< climale risk assess-
menls locused on lhe exisling and emerg-
ing risks lo lhe agricullure seclor have been
conducled and compleled in 20!2 lhrough
lhe CPM-TASP. These assessmenls have
led lo lhe developmenl ol risk reduclion
and adaplalion inlervenlions under lhe
Comprehensive Disasler Pisk Peduclion
Programme in six dislricls. Conducled wilh
six parlner NCOs, lhe programme includes
implemenlalion ol local level risk reduclion
plans in 35 villages, which includes lraining
on lrsl aid, early warning syslems, search
and rescue, and communily based DPP.
A |ood-res|||en| v|||ae |n 3an|adesh.
Credil. Nasil Ahmed/UNDP 8angladesh
70
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
ln b"4&*#1=, a similar projecl included
an assessmenl on lhe impacl ol climale
change on smallholder larmers. Carried
oul by lhe Deparlmenl ol Meleorology and
lhe Minislry ol Agricullure in June 20!2,
lhe assessmenl idenliled oplions relaled
lo lhe improvemenl ol local governance
and social organizalion lo reduce climale
risks. These recommendalions are now be-
ing addressed lhrough an inlegraled CPM
inilialive led by lhe Minislry ol Agricullure,
which aims lo build lhe adaplive capacily
ol communilies and lhe agricullure seclor.
The lechnical capacily ol nalional deparl-
menls and hydro-mel agencies, as well as
inslilulional capacily lor risk reduclion and
adaplalion lor disasler/climale risk man-
agemenl, is being slrenglhened wilh lhe
supporl ol UNDP.
ln 5D14&1[ given lhe imporlance ol col-
lee-produclion on livelihoods and lhe
nalional economy, lhe CPM-TASP pro-
jecl helped assess climale impacls on
collee-crop produclion. Aulhorilies and
communilies were supporled lo use cli-
male-relaled inlormalion lor managing lhe
impacls ol climale change on collee crop
produclion, and lo mainslream climale
risk inlormalion inlo nalional and local
developmenl plans. The assessmenls have
helped inlorm lhe developmenl process ol
a Nalional Climale Change Policy, complel-
ed in 20!2. They have also analysed lhe
inslilulional, policy and capacily gaps, and
idenliledarangeolriskreduclionandad-
aplalion measures lo improve climale relal-
ed collee produclion oulcomes.
Wilh a view lo beller undersland lhe dy-
namics ol climale change-induced hazard
and vulnerabilily prolles in lhe Himala-
yan region, wilh lhe lnancial assislance ol
LCHO's Disasler Preparedness unil, UNDP
designed a second phase projecl building on
lhe glacial lake oulbursl loods (CLOl) Pe-
gional Programme concluded in 2009. The
Pegional Climale Pisk Peduclion in lhe Him-
alayas Projecl was implemenled in all lour
Phase !-parlicipaling counlries. LA*+14,
34&,1[ 6$G1<, and 81?,=+14^ The new pro-
jecl increased awareness on climale-relaled
risks and CPM, resulling in lhe inclusion
ol CLOls and olher hydro-meleorological
hazards in many key policy and programme
documenls, such as lhe Nepal Nalional
Slralegy, lhe 8hulan Nalional Disasler Pisk
Managemenl lramework (8hulan), and lhe
Pakislan DPP Policy and DPP Needs Plan.
This programme was also lollowed by lhe
developmenl ol a series ol mulli-million dol-
lar Clobal Lnvironmenl lacilily-lunded CLOl
risk reduclion projecls in 8hulan, Nepal and
Pakislan implemenled lhrough UNDP, as
|n |eru, |armers are |ac|n a wa|er
shor|ae due |o decreased ra|ns and
rap|d|y shr|n||n |ac|ers. C||ma|e
chane poses ser|ous |hrea|s |o |he
ar|cu||ure sec|or |n many coun|r|es.
Credil. UNDP Peru
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
7!
well as nalional level programmes wilh spe-
cilccomponenlsonCCA.UNDPconlinues
lo losler soulh-soulh collaboralion among
lhese counlries, locusing on lhe linkages
belween DPP and CPM issues.
Anolher example ol UNDP's work on CPM
is lhe Communily-8ased Climale Pisk Man-
agemenl Programme in J$(,)", which
locuses on ecosyslem-based loss and dam-
age reduclion associaled wilh hurricanes.
A quanlilalive assessmenl revealed sub-
slanlial dillerences in lhe damage caused
by Hurricane Dean in 2007, in lwo regions
wilh dillerenl biodiversily pallerns lhal
experienced similar degrees ol hurricane
exposure. lrom lhe resulling analysis, local
aulhorilies and communilies realized lhe
valuable proleclion lrom winds and slorm
surges provided by mangroves, especially
in reducing damage lo houses, crops and
lshingboals.Moreover,communiliesreal-
ized lhal lheir ecosyslems nol only helped
save lives and inlraslruclure during a hur-
ricane bul also helped speed up recovery
lollowing a disasler. Through ils analysis
and aclivily in soulhern Mexico, lhe CPM
projecl conlribuled lo lhe incorporalion
ol ecosyslem-based disasler reduclion inlo
lhe counlry's DPP slralegy, lhus allowing il
lo beller reduce risk relaled lo climale var-
iabilily and change.
On a larger scale, UNDP-supporled CPM
programmes help unily ellorls among parl-
ners, wilh lhe expeclalion lhal combined
resulls will advance lhe praclice ol CPM
and DPP globally. ln lhe coming years il
is likely lhal CPM will become lhe largesl
componenl ol UNDP's DPP porllolio.
5>L:6 >3/e J:6:]'J'6B g5>Ji
Wilh more lhan hall ol lhe world populalion
living in urban areas, Urban Pisk Managemenl
(UPM) is becoming increasingly imporlanl.
Sludies have shown lhal rapid, unplanned
urban growlh leads lo increased pressure
on social services and governance slruclures,
and lo inadequale living condilions lor poor
populalions. Poor or inadequale heallh and
nulrilion, chronic unemploymenl, and a lack
ol educalion, conslilule permanenl lhreals
lo physical and psychological securily, creal-
ing 'everyday risks' which cause small scale
disaslers on a regular basis. These everyday
risks are compounded by nalural hazards,
resulling in a 'risk accumulalion' process spe-
cilclourbanareas,whereriskisconslrucled
andampliledbyhumanaclivilies.
Wilhin ils DPP programmes, UNDP has been
working wilh parlners across lhe world lo
address and minimize urban risk. Al lhe
global level, UNDP and lhe Larlhquakes
and Megacilies lnilialive led a consullalive
process in 2007 lhal resulled in lhe eslab-
lishmenl ol a Clobal lorum on Urban Pisks.
The lorum explored how lo address lhe rool
causes ol urban vulnerabililies and delned
measureslolllexislinggapsinknowledge,
policy, organizalion and praclice. ll provided
an imporlanl impulse lo advocale, lacililale
and supporl lhe mainslreaming ol DPP is-
sues in urban conlexls.
ln 2006, UNDP parlnered wilh ProVenlion
Consorlium, lhe lnlernalional lnslilule lor
Lnvironmenlal Developmenl, and lhe Uni-
versily ol Cape Town, lo lorm lhe :E#,)14
5#Z14 >,=? :41<2=,= 6$+%"#? g:5>:6i,
a regional programme which served as a
72
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
plallorm lhrough which lhe debale on ur-
ban risk managemenl was inilialed wilh
governmenls across Alrica. The nelwork
was comprised ol six Alrican research insli-
lulions, wilh lhe goal ol developing a bel-
ler underslanding ol disasler risk in urban
areas and lhe aclions required lo reduce
lhem. lnilially, lhe nelwork had lo conlronl
perceplions lhal poverly and disaslers in
Alrica are primarily rural problems and lhal
risk could be reduced lhrough well-prepared
responses lo lhe disasler. Parlnerships buill
lhrough lhe programme, inlormalion gen-
eraled lhrough assessmenls, and lhe sup-
porl provided lo communily level urban
risk reduclion, all conlribuled lo a change
in lhese perceplions, paving lhe way lo a
number ol UPM programmes being imple-
menled across lhe conlinenl loday.
The AUPAN programme also revealed les-
sons learned, parlicularly lhal whilsl local
level risk reduclion measures can have an
immediale impacl on largeled communi-
lies, lhe engagemenl ol governmenl au-
lhorilies is crucial lo ensure lhe conlinuily
and suslainabilily ol urban risk managemenl
programmes.
4
The AUPAN programme was
an imporlanl slepping slone in developing
and disseminaling knowledge and raising
awareness, specilcally on lhe relevance
ol assessing how urban developmenl can
increase vulnerabilily and how lhis can be
addressed lhrough ellcienl risk manage-
menl programmes.
4 The counlries covered by lhe programme were.
Algeria,Chana,Kenya,Senegal,SoulhAlrica,
and Tanzania. Programme resulls were published
in a book (Pelling, Mark, and 8en Wisner.
Disasler Pisk Peduclion. Cases lrom Urban
Alrica.(London,UK,LarlhscanPress,2009).
Anolher urban risk programme, lhe :4d
&$14 F,+,$= 8#"D#100$, was implemenl-
ed lrom 2006-2007, and is a good example
ol how UNDP engages governmenls lo re-
duce urban risk. Through lhe programme,
UNDP supporled lhe local and melropolilan
governmenlsollvecapilalsollheAndean
Pegion.8ogola(F"<"0Z,1), Caracas (a$4d
$`*$<1), La Paz (L"<,-,1), Lima (8$#*), and
Quilo (')*1&"#), lo colleclively promole
DPP and preparedness lhrough lhe sharing
ol besl praclices. The programme helped
collale various lools and melhodologies in
urbanriskreduclion,andlheciliesol8ogola
and Quilo have since developed slralegies
lor risk reduclion and preparedness.
ln 8$#*, UNDP has been working lor over
a decade wilh lhe nalional Civil Delence
lnslilule on lhe implemenlalion ol a Sus-
lainable Cilies Programme. Through lhe
programme, hazard maps were developed
and used lo inlorm proposals on lhe use
ol soil and on miligalion measures in !59
municipalilies. This has helped local govern-
menl aulhorilies inlegrale DPP inlo urban
developmenl plans. To dale over !78 sus-
lainabilily sludies have been conducled in
!57 municipalilies across lhe counlry, reach-
ing a populalion ol over seven million. BA$
G#"D#100$ %1= #$)"D4,`$& 1= +A$ 0"=+
signicant experience in risk reduction
,4 +A$ :0$#,)1= Z2 563/7>[ "4 +A$ ")d
)1=,"4 "E +A$ >$D,"41< 8<1+E"#0 E"# >,=?
>$&*)+,"4[ %A,)A +""? G<1)$ ,4 FA,<$ ,4
6"-$0Z$# QTRQ^
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
73
UNDP has also been working closely wilh
aulhorilies in b1,+, on urban seismic-risk
managemenl. The coaslal provinces in lhe
norlh ol lhe counlry are al parlicularly high
risk, as lhey are localed along a laull line
and have seen high populalion growlh,
increased poverly and unplanned devel-
opmenl.lollowingaspecilcrequesllrom
lhe Covernmenl, UNDP inilialed an urban
risk programme in 20!2, which locuses on
lour pillars. i) conducling risk and vulner-
abilily assessmenls in lhe lour major cilies
ol lhe Norlh-Lasl and Norlh-Wesl ol lhe
counlry, ii) proposing a budgeled plan lor
lhe slrenglhening ol priorily inlraslruclure
and incorporaling seismic risk inlo con-
lingency plans, iii) building lhe capacily
ol engineers and conslruclion workers on
seismic praclices, while raising awareness
ol local governmenls and communilies,
and iv) slrenglhening public policies lo bel-
lerinlegraleDPP,wilhspecilcallenlionlo
seismic risk. The projecl is a good example
ol a mulli-dimensional DPP programme,
which seeks lo engage local communilies,
governmenl aulhorilies, and lhe privale
seclor, lo work on awareness raising, ca-
pacily developmenl and policy slrenglhen-
ing in an inlegraled manner.
UNDP is also supporling UPM programmes
in Asia. ln 81?,=+14, lollowing lhe 2005
earlhquake, UNDP collaboraled wilh lhe
Covernmenl lo implemenl lhe Technical
Assislance lor lhe Managemenl ol Larlh-
quake Larly Pecovery projecl. The projecl
included an innovalive saler-conslruclion
programme, which included lacililaling
organizalions like UNHA8lTAT and a local
Nepalese NCO, Nalional Sociely lor Larlh-
quake Technology, lo provide lraining lo
lhousands ol masons on sale-building
praclices wilh local malerials. BA$ G#"d
D#100$ 4"+ "4<2 1<<"%$& )"00*4,+,$=
+" ,0G<$0$4+ #$)"-$#2 1)+,"4= %,+A"*+
+A$ 4$$& +" %1,+ E"# 41+,"41< 1==,=d
+14)$ +" #$1)A +A$0[ Z*+ 1<=" <$& +" +A$
Z*,<&,4D "E 1GG#"(,01+$<2 UTT[TTT G$#d
014$4+ $1#+A;*1?$ #$=,=+14+ A"*=$=^
The projecl was subsequenlly scaled-up by
lhe Covernmenl, in collaboralion wilh UN
Habilal, during lhe reconslruclion phase.
The building code lor lhe earlhquake allecl-
ed area was revised wilh lechnical supporl
lrom UNDP and was enacled as a perma-
nenl conslruclion regulalion. ln parallel, lhe
Larlhquake Pisk Peduclion Projecl, under
lhe larger Nalional Capacily 8uilding lor DPP
Programme, also drew lrom lhe experience
gained, leading lo lhe promolion ol saler
conslruclion and mason lrainings in olher
earlhquake prone parls ol lhe counlry.
Ch||dren p|ay |n |he |ooded s|ree|s o|
5anaa, |he cap||a| o| Yemen.
Credil.Annasolellamand/lPlN
74
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
The Larlhquake Pisk Peduclion and Pecov-
ery Preparedness regional projecl, inilialed
in 2007 wilh lhe supporl ol lhe Covern-
menl ol Y1G14, also led lo imporlanl re-
sulls in urban risk managemenl.
5
Through
il, cilies in L14D<1&$=A, LA*+14, 34&,1[
6$G1<, and 81?,=+14 inlroduced earlh-
quake risk reduclion and preparedness
measures, such as revised nalional build-
ing codes and guidelines, and developed
lheir capacily lhrough parlicipalion in
lrainings and knowledge sharing evenls.
ln 6$G1<, where lhe projecl was conclud-
ed in December 20!0, over 300 people
were lrained on lhe slruclural analysis ol
buildings and sale building codes, which
5 lor more inlormalion see. Uniled Nalions
Developmenl Programme (20!!). Larlhquake
Pisk Peduclion and Pecovery Preparedness
Programme lor Soulh Asian Pegion - linal
Synlhesis Peporl.
led lo lwo municipalilies incorporaling
checklisls, as per lhe Nalional 8uilding
Code, in lhe applicalion lorm lor building
permils.Toilluslralelhevalueolrelroll-
ling slruclurally unsound buildings, lhe
programme enlisled lechnical assislance
lrom lhe Asian Disasler Peduclion Cenlre
and 8uilding Pesearch lnslilule ol Japan
lo conducl seismic assessmenls in lve
public buildings, lollowed by demonslra-
live seismic relrollling ol lhe buildings.
The combinalion ol 'soll' approaches lor
raising awareness, coupled wilh visible re-
sullssuchaslherelrollledbuildings,led
lo increased priorilizalion ol seismic risk
among local governmenls in Nepal.
UNDP's presence in counlries and operalion-
al capacily also presenls an opporlunily lo
supporl global ellorls lo raise awareness on
1wo |oca| res|den|s wa|| |hrouh |he
ruoo|e o| |he|r ru|ned homes, wh|ch
were damaed oy |he Oc|ooer 200
ear|hqua|e |n |a||s|an.
Credil. Lvan Schneider/UN Pholo
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
75
parlicular issues, such as lhe World Disasler
Peduclion Campaign. 'Making Cilies Pesil-
ienl -- My Cily is Celling Peady' launched by
UNlSDP in 20!0. The campaign builds upon
previous global campaigns on sale schools
and sale hospilals, and lays down !0 poinls
which can help make cilies resilienl.
ln \$Z14"4 lor inslance, a lolal ol 257
municipalilies and lhe Union ol Municipali-
lieshaveollciallyjoinedlheMakingCilies
Pesilienl Campaign. UNDP has supporled
lhe implemenlalion ol lhe campaign across
lhe counlry and as a resull legislalions has
been reviewed, inslilulional mechanisms
were revisiled and enhanced, resources are
made available lor public awareness, and
capacily-building programmes lor lhe me-
dia and public seclor have increased.
ln L14D<1&$=A, lhe UNDP Comprehensive
Disasler Managemenl Programme signed
an MoU wilh lhe Municipalily Associalion,
which uniles all municipalily mayors, and
pledged uniled ellorls in lheir commilmenl
lo make cilies resilienl lo emerging urban
hazards. The objeclives ol lhe MoU include
lhe gradual implemenlalion ol lhe !0 es-
senlial poinls ol lhe 'Making Cilies Pesil-
ienl. My Cily is Celling Peady' campaign.
Likewise in bolh '< /1<-1&"# and a,$+410[
lhe campaign was launched on lhe occasion
ol nalional lorums organized wilh lhe sup-
porlolUNDP.lnVielnam,lhelvelargeslcil-
ies and mosl imporlanl economic cenlres ol
lhe counlry, Ho Chi Minh, Ha Noi, Hai Phong,
Can Tho and Da Nang, joined lhe campaign.
ln Ll Salvador, parlicipanls lrom municipali-
lies look il upon lhemselves lo review lheir
progress and priorilies in lhe conlexl ol lhe
campaign, sending lheir resulls lo lhe Cov-
ernmenl and UNDP in San Salvador.
7'a'\I836] F:8:F3B3'/ :67
73//'J36:B36] e6I@\'7]'
As menlioned, good governance lor DPP
requires lhal lhe general public is sull-
cienlly inlormed ol prevailing nalural haz-
ard risks and is able lo lake lhe appropriale
precaulions. Accordingly, UNDP supporls
universilies in lhe developmenl ol curricula
and posl-graduale degrees on DPP, which
in lurn conlribule lo lhe increased avail-
abilily ol local experls on DPP. lor exam-
ple, programmes have already been rolled
oul wilh UNDP supporl in lhe Universidad
Aulonoma de Sanlo Domingo and lhe
Universidad Nordesalana in 7"0,4,)14
>$G*Z<,), and in lhe Universidad de San
Carlos ol ]*1+$01<1, where lhe course,
inilially designed lor nalional planning spe-
cialisls, was laler opened lo governmenl
ollcialslromallCenlralAmericancounlries.
A commun||y memoer |s wor||n on
ou||d|n an ear|hqua|e res|s|an| schoo|
w||h |oca| |echn|ques |n |onduras.
Credil. Marcos Podriguez/UNDP Honduras
76
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
The UCA Universily in '< /1<-1&"# has also
eslablished a posl-graduale curriculum on
gender and DPP, lollowing lhe provision
ol lechnical assislance by UNDP lo develop
and conducl lailored workshops on DPP
and gender in Honduras and Ll Salvador.
ln 34&"4$=,1, a posl-graduale degree pro-
gramme on disasler managemenl has been
crealed, wilh UNDPs supporl, al a leading
universily in 8anda Aceh. This was comple-
menled by lhe eslablishmenl ol a lhink-
lank lor disasler science and miligalion.
8olh ol lhese developmenls are helping in-
crease knowledge and awareness on DPP.
ln :EDA14,=+14, lhrough lhe joinl sup-
porl provided by UNDP, lhe Uniled Nalions
Lnvironmenl Programme (UNLP), and lhe
lnlernalional Cenlre lor Mounlain Devel-
opmenlalKabulUniversily,aDeparlmenl
ol Lnvironmenlal Proleclion and Disasler
Managemenl has been eslablished. This
was lollowed by lhe sel-up ol a 8achelor's
programme on disasler managemenl and
environmenlal proleclion. 8y early 20!3 an
eslimaled 200 sludenls (aboul 25 percenl
ol which are women) have pursued lhe un-
dergraduale course.
Anolher way lhrough which UNDP is mak-
ing use ol lhe high volume ol knowledge
collecledlhroughilsollces,islheCapac-
ily lor Disasler Peduclion lnilialive (CADPl).
Crealed in 2007, CADPl is an inler-agency
programme ol UNDP, OCHA, UNlCLl, WlP,
and WHO, wilh parlicipalion lrom llPC
and lhe World 8ank Clobal lacilily lor Dis-
asler Pisk Peduclion (ClDPP). Drawing on
lhe capacilies ol ils parlner organizalions
and lheir nelworks, CADPl provides ad-
visory services lo nalional aulhorilies and
organizalions on capacily assessmenls and
slralegy developmenl, assisls in lraining
and lacililalion services, generales learning
packages and capacily developmenl melh-
odologies, and promoles knowledge ex-
change and nelworking lo losler parlner-
ships and lo disseminale good praclices.
lindings lrom an independenl evalualion
indicale lhal during lhe lrsl implemenla-
lion phase (2007-20!2), CADPl successlully
broughl lhe UN syslem and nalional slake-
holders logelher al counlry level lo de-
velop a robusl and coordinaled lramework
lor capacily developmenl lor DPP. CADPl
developed a capacily developmenl concepl
and melhodology lhal was operalional-
ized in a number ol counlries, wilh a locus
on capacily assessmenls, priorilizalion ol
capacily developmenl needs, and aclion
planning. CADPl also provided advisory and
lraining services largeling UN agencies, in-
cluding lheir Counlry Teams, governmenls
and olher slakeholders al counlry and re-
gional levels. This ensured lhal benelciar-
ies acquired adequale conceplual and op-
eralional underslanding ol DPP in order lo
implemenl programmes. Close collabora-
lion among lhe parlner organizalions also
helped lo creale momenlum and synergies
in counlries being supporled lhrough lheir
respeclive programmes.
ln F"<"0Z,1, UNDP worked wilh lhe local
Covernmenl ol lhe cily ol Manizales lo
develop and implemenl a communily pro-
gramme lo address lhe risk ol landslides.
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
77
Al leasl 200 lemale heads ol household
were lrained lo as acl as 'guardians ol
lhe mounlainsides' in lheir communilies.
These 'guardians' were lasked wilh pro-
moling risk awareness, moniloring and
idenlilying areas al risk ol collapse, main-
laining lhe inlraslruclure buill lo slabilize
lhe mounlainside, and sharing inlorma-
lion lo avoid lamilies sellling inlo high-
risk areas. The main resull ol lhis inlerven-
lion has been a reduclion in lhe number
ol landslides happening in Manizales and
lhe allevialion ol lhe lhreal lhis hazard
poses lo human securily in lhe cily. Also,
lhere has been a considerable decrease
in human and economic losses, and envi-
ronmenlal degradalion, lhrough elleclive
moniloring and lhe mainlenance ol 49
high-risk mounlainside areas.
The compilalion and disseminalion ol
knowledge is lundamenlal lo DPP, as ac-
knowledged by lhe lacl lhal il is lhe locus
ol lhe HlA's lhird priorily lor aclion. Al-
lhough in and by ilsell lhe disseminalion
ol good praclices does nol sullce, il can
be a calalysl ol change, poinling oul are-
as where inveslmenls can render posilive
resulls in reducing risks and, ullimalely, dis-
asler losses.
Ch||dren |earn oes| prac||ces |or han-
d||n na|ura| d|sas|ersdrouh|, |ood,
|ands||de and ||h|n|n|hrouh a
ame s|m||ar |o 5na|es and |adders.
Credil. UNDP Sri Lanka
78
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
34&,1
BA$ 34&,14 =*Zd)"4+,4$4+ ,= A,DA<2 G#"4$ +" &,=1=+$#=^ 8"-$#+2[ A,DA G"G*<1+,"4 &$4=,+2[ G1#+,)*<1#<2 ,4
*#Z14 1#$1=[ 14& $4-,#"40$4+1< &$D#1&1+,"4 1#$ 1 E$% "E +A$ E1)+"#= +A1+ ,4)#$1=$ -*<4$#1Z,<,+2 +" +A$
impact o! naturaI hazards, incIuding oods, droughts, cycIones and earthquakes.
34 E")*=9
UNDP has been supporling DPP programmes in lndia
since lhe mid-!990s, yel il was nol unlil a series ol dis-
aslers occurred lhal disasler risk reduclion (DPP) was
signilcanlly priorilized. A cyclone in Orissa in !999 and
lhe 200! Cujaral earlhquake bolh had a deep impacl
on lhe counlry's perceplion and commilmenl lo DPP.
Shorlly aller lhe earlhquake, lhe lndian Prime Minisler
convened a special high level commillee lasked wilh
providing recommendalions lo improve lhe counlry's risk
reduclion syslems. Among olher lhings, lhe recommen-
dalions called lor lhe eslablishmenl ol a Minislry ol Dis-
asler Managemenl, lhe crealion ol Lmergency Operalion
Cenlres al slale and dislricl levels, lhe developmenl and
inlegralion ol disasler managemenl plans (DMPs) al na-
lional level, lhe preparalion ol DMPs al sub-nalional and
communily levels lo ensure lasl-mile implemenlalion, and
lhe passing ol a nalional acl lor disasler managemenl.
ln response lo lhe recommendalions, in 2002 an ambi-
lious Disasler Managemenl Programme was launched
by lhe Covernmenl ol lndia and UNDP. This massive
programme covered approximalely 30 percenl ol lndia's
populalion, spread over !76 disasler-prone dislricls in
!7 slales, and inlegraled policy, inslilulional, and com-
munily level programmes.
As a resull ol lhe programme, lhe Covernmenl was able
lo eslablish disasler managemenl cenlres in !76 dislricls,
including !05 emergency operalional cenlres al dislricl
level and slrenglhened cenlres in !2 cilies. As well, mul-
li-hazard disasler managemenl plans were prepared al
dislricl (!75), block (!,57!), panchayal (32,374), village
(!57,24!) and Urban Local 8ody (94!) levels. As a grow-
ing sign ol lhe imporlance ol DPP, lhe Nalional Disas-
ler Managemenl Plan was highlighled by lhe Planning
Commission ol lndia in ils Llevenlh live-Year Planning
documenl (2007-20!2), while lhe Covernmenl empha-
sized lhe imporlance ol scaling up communily based
DPP aclivilies, making il a nalional priorily.
The Covernmenl/UNDP programme was lhe cornerslone
ol a much larger goal ol lhe Covernmenl lo achieve over-
all suslainable risk reduclion in lhe mosl hazard-prone
dislricls ol lhe counlry. Anolher programme, lhe Urban
LarlhquakeVulnerabililyPeduclionProjecl,alsosupporled
by UNDP, aimed lo mainslream earlhquake risk reduclion
inilialives in largel lndian cilies. As a resull, 37 cily disasler
managemenl plans were prepared, whilsl !! cilies amend-
ed building developmenl regulalions lo ensure saler urban
habilals. Cuidelines lor hazard-resislanl lechnologies and
lraining manuals were developed and are being used by
cily adminislralions lo promole sale conslruclion praclices.
As well, emergency cenlres in 23 cilies were equipped wilh
inlormalion lechnology syslems lo address coordinalion
gaps in urban disasler response managemenl.
UNDP supporled lhe complelion ol hazard risk and
vulnerabilily assessmenls in Andhra Pradesh, Jalandhar
(Punjab), and lour dislricls ol Wesl 8engal. These have
provided beller underslanding ol risks, which help lhe
respeclive slale governmenls lo lormulale appropriale
miligalion programmes.
ln addilion, UNDP provided lechnical assislance lo lhe
Nalional lnslilule ol Disasler Managemenl on lhe prepa-
ralionolseclor-specilcmoduleslolacililalelrainingsal
nalional and slale levels. Secloral lrainings in lhe heallh
and educalion seclors have helped lhe deparlmenls lo in-
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
79
slilulionalize lhese lrainings in lheir regular programmes.
Mosl imporlanlly, lhe cenlral Covernmenl eslablished,
wilh UNDP supporl, a nalional school curriculum lo be
implemenled in all slales ol lndia, which incorporales
chaplers on hazards and risks, as well as a leachers lrain-
ing module applied by lhe Nalional 8oard ol Lducalion.
The inclusion ol gender was also an imporlanl priorily ol lhe
disasler managemenl plan, recognizing il as a crucial com-
ponenl lo ensure coverage ol lhose mosl vulnerable. lor
inslance, an eslimaled 75 percenl ol lhose mosl allecled by
lhe 2004-lndian Ocean lsunami were women and children.
Two programme componenls received parlicular allenlion.
lrsl,disaslermanagemenlleamsandcommilleesensured
adequale represenlalion ol women al all levels, and sec-
ond, capacily developmenl ol lhese commillees and leams
ensuredwomenwerelrainedonlrslaid,shellermanage-
menl, and search and rescue. lield-level gender equily ini-
lialives were documenled by UNDP in a reporl, Women as
|qua| |ar|ners, published in 2008 and showcasing women's
aclive involvemenl in lhe DPP Programme aclivilies. lor ex-
ample, in lhe 8hadrak dislricl ol Orissa, women were aclive
members ol lhe village disasler managemenl leams. This led
lo lhem emerging as role models lor olher women and lhe
larger communily, helping lranscend lhe lradilional gender
divide belween men and women, and enabling lhem lo
parlicipale in lhe decision making process.
The capacily buill by lhe programmes al lhe communily
and governmenl levels proved lo be highly elleclive. ln
Wesl 8engal, during lhe loods ol 2006 and 2007, lhe
people ol 8urdhwan dislricl elleclively responded lo lhe
silualion using lheir rescue lraining and lhe provision ol
lemporary sheller malerials. Similarly, in 2008 lhe lrriga-
lion Deparlmenl ol Wesl 8engal, wilh lhe supporl ol lhe
DPP lask lorces, repaired breaches along local embank-
menlsloprolecllhearealromloods,prevenlingadisas-
ler. The village ol Samiyarpelli in lhe Cuddalore dislricl ol
Tamil Nadu provides lhe besl example ol lhe posilive im-
pacl ol DPP. ln lhis case, lraining lo villagers was provided
jusl a monlh belore lhe 2004 lsunami, as a resull, lives
losl were relalively lower lhan similarly exposed lowns.
An un-lrained village jusl lwo kilomelres away sullered
lhree limes as many casuallies.
Commun|||es empowered |o reou||d |he|r homes us|n d|sas|er res|||en| |echn|ques and |nd|enous ma|er|a|s.
Credil. Jay Mandal/UNDP lndia
80
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
Programme evalualions concluded lhal UNDPs compre-
hensive supporl lo DPP in lndia successlully generaled
a change in mind-sel amongsl largel governmenl au-
lhorilies and rural communilies, placing disasler man-
agemenl higher on lhe agenda and increasing coping
capacilies. The programmes made lheir largesl conlri-
bulion in disasler preparedness, by helping communilies
and cilies idenlily risk and lake necessary precaulions.
ln addilion lo lhe supporl provided lo increase under-
slanding ol risk and lo slrenglhen preparedness and
recovery capacilies, UNDP has also been working lo
slrenglhen inslilulional and legal syslems lor DPP. A se-
ries ol consullalions wilh NCOs and academia were re-
cenlly organized lo creale awareness aboul lhe HlA and
lo oblain views on posl-HlA priorilies. Likewise, lechni-
cal assislance has also been provided lor lhe inlegra-
lion ol DPP inlo lhe !2lh live-Year Plan and slale DPP
policieshavebeenlormulaledinKarnalaka,Keralaand
Madhya Pradesh. linally, disasler risk reduclion plans
have been prepared or revised by governmenls ol 2!
slales, 75 dislricls and 45 cilies.
To conlinue building on achievemenls, UNDP will con-
linue lo supporl lhe Covernmenl al lhe nalional and
slale levels lo ensure lhal lhe required human resource
base ol DPP experls is available lo secure long-lerm
capacily. UNDP and relevanl parlners should conlinue
lo supporl emerging nalional priorilies and policies re-
laled lo risk reduclion, and lo provide adequale lech-
nical supporl lo address emerging challenges, such as
lhe enhanced risks resulling lrom climale change and
variabilily. Lvalualions ol UNDP-supporled programmes
have highlighled lhe imporlance ol addressing DPP as
a developmenl and governance issue, and ol mainlain-
ing inveslmenls in lhe area over an exlended period in
order lo achieve langible resulls. B"&12[ 34&,1 A1= 1
veII-identied DRR structure, committed nanciaI
#$="*#)$=[ =+1+$d%,&$ &,=1=+$# 0141D$0$4+ G<14=[
14& Z1=,) E1),<,+,$= +A1+ +$=+,E2 +" +A$ G#"D#$==
01&$ ,4 +A$ 1#$1 "E 7>>^
Nalional Cenlre lor Disasler
Managemenl eslablished by lhe
Minislry ol Agricullure and Cooperalive
Under leadership ol PM, a review ol DPP
mechanisms in lndia was conducled, and
sel recommendalions lor improvemenl
RXXX d QTTR
RXXU
Disasler Managemenl Acl
QTTU
Pesponsibilily ol Disasler Managemenl
handed over lo Minislry ol Home
Allairs lrom Minislry ol Agricullure
QTTQ
NDMA eslablished, led by PM, and
DPP lnslilulions al Dislricl levels
crealed
QTTU
DPP inlegraled inlo !!lh live-Year
Plan (2007-20!2)
QTTP
J,<$=+"4$=
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
8!
]'67'>[ /IF3:\ 'fF\5/3I6 :67 7>>
When disaslers slrike, women, children, youlh, lhe elderly,
people wilh disabililies, and olher socially excluded groups
lend lo be disproporlionally allecled. Socio-economic and
cullural laclors discriminale againsl lhese groups, prevenling
lhem lrom accessing resources needed lo prolecl lhemselves
and recover lrom disaslers. Women are ollen poorer, receive
less educalion, and are excluded lrom polilical and house-
hold decision-making processes lhal allecl lheir lives. Such
economic and social inequilies lranslale inlo women pos-
sessing lewer assels and meagre means which can increase
lheir vulnerabilily lo hazards.
ln order lo adequalely undersland risks, il is essenlial lo in-
corporale gender consideralions inlo analyses ol communily
vulnerabililies and capacilies. UNDP supporls lhis approach,
considering il crilical lo ensuring lhal lhe dillerenlialed
needs ol women and men are mainslreamed lhrough lhe
whole speclrum ol DPP and recovery. Through lhis process,
ellorls are also made lo engage women as parl ol lhe lech-
nical and decision making process.
lor example, lhrough a UNDP-supporled projecl in \$Z14"4,
an assessmenl was conducled lo review lhe gender-sensilivi-
ly ol key documenls relaled lo DPP, including policies, plans,
laws and regulalions, and decision making processes. The as-
sessmenl, which included inlerviews wilh 25 main slakehold-
ers, showed a lack ol gender sensilivily in mosl documenls.
Simullaneously, il also highlighled lhal a number ol women
experls in lhe lelds ol lundamenlal sciences, geophysics,
engineering and archileclure, were available and could conlrib-
ule lo developing gender sensilivily and preparedness among
main slale deparlmenls and civil sociely organizalions. The
reporl concluded lhal since disaslers are a nalional concern,
sensilizalion and preparedness should be exlended lo bolh
public and privale seclors inslilulions, wilh special allenlion
paidloraisinglheprolleolgenderissuesamongDPPspecial-
isls, academia, and NCOs. Through lhe same projecl, UNDP
worked wilh lhe Nalional Commission lor Lebanese Women
lo prepare a Nalional Plan ol Aclion, aiming lo incorporale a
DPP componenl inlo lhe Nalional Slralegy lor Women.
Anolher good example is lhe E"#0$# _*D"=<1- >$G*Z<,) "E
J1)$&"4,1, where gender experls were hired by UNDP as
parl ol lhe DPP projecl leam. The projecl provided lechni-
cal guidance lo nalional aulhorilies lo ensure lhe needs ol
socially vulnerable and elhnic minorilies were inlegraled inlo
vulnerabilily assessmenls and crisis managemenl policies. The
Crisis Managemenl Cenlre lhen eslablished a gender leam,
appoinled a gender coordinalor, and adopled a policy on
gender budgeling lo ensure a percenlage ol resources were
allocaled lo gender issues.
As illuslraled by lhese examples and olhers lhroughoul lhis
reporl, UNDP slrives lo place women al lhe hearl ol DPP
programming. UNDP also uses disaslers and DPP projecls
as an enlry poinl lo change exisling and unequal gender
relalions, leading lo long-lerm posilive resulls beyond lhe
sphere ol disaslers.
B""<Z"( d ]$4&$# J1,4=+#$10,4D ,4 7>>
|a||n ||sas|er ||s| |educ||on Cender-5ens|||ve. |o||cy and |rac||ca| Cu|de||nes, UNlSDP, UNDP, lUCN, 2009.
|n|era||n ender |n d|sas|er manaemen| |n 5ma|| |s|and |eve|op|n 5|a|es. a u|de, UNDP, 20!2.
Cu|dance no|e on |ecovery. Cender, lPP, UNDP and UNlSDP, 20!0.
1he endered d|mens|ons o| d|sas|er r|s| manaemen| and adap|a||on |o c||ma|e chane - 5|or|es |rom |he |ac||c, AusAid and UNDP, 2008.
Ces||n de ||eso con equ|dad de enero. C||C (Pisk Managemenl and gender equalily), CPMl, 2009.
5uperar |a des|ua|dad, reduc|r e| r|eso. es||n de| r|eso de desas|res con equ|dad de enero, UNDP Mexico, 2007.
Overv|ew o| ||n|aes oe|ween Cender and C||ma|e Chane, Clobal Cender and Climale Alliance (CCCA) and UNDP, 20!2.
Cender communily ol praclice. www.amer|ca|a||naenera.com
Women as equa| par|ners. ender d|mens|ons o| d|sas|er r|s| manaemen| proramme, Covernmenl ol lndia and UNDP lndia, 2008.
|econ|se |he s|ren|h o| women and |r|s |n reduc|n d|sas|er r|s|s. s|or|es |rom v|e| Nam,Care,LCHO,Oxlam,UNDPVielnam,UNWomen,elal.,20!2.
82
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
lrom 2005-20!2 more lhan 5,000
people killed by disaslers
lrom 2005-20!2 over 22 million
people allecled by disaslers
Tolal damage 2005-20!2
US$3 billion
U[TTTk QQ 0,<<,"4k 5/lS Z,<<,"4
:#1Z /+1+$=
*source LMDAT/CPLD
Counlries in UNDP regional bureau wilh resulls in DPP and Pecovery
Pemaining counlries in UNDP regional bureau
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
83
5678 @"#?9
Percenlage ol counlries wilh UNDP work on
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30A* 1**& #$>52*'*-
M$22$@)&6 -)+0+'*(+ )&
Djibouti 0&-
Syria
Yemen
Algeria
Jordan
Jordan
30A* 1**& +*' %5 )&
G
#
$
%
&
'
(
)
*
+
LOSS
DISASTER
DATABASES
N*10&$&
)& '3* (*6)$&7 )&#2%-)&6
0&-
0&-
1ra|n|n on rescue opera||ons.
Credil. UNDP Pakislan
Managing
Pemaining Pisk
Advancing Priorilies 4 and 5 ol lhe Hyogo lramework lor Aclion
Lven when underslanding ol risk is improved
and communicaled, and elleclive manage-
menl syslems are in place, lhere is always
a measure ol risk lhal remains. Disasler
managemenl aulhorilies and communilies
lherelore develop preparedness, response
and posl-disasler reliel and recovery capaci-
lies, in order lo adequalely respond lo bolh
expecled and un-expecled disaslers.
73/:/B'> 8>'8:>'76'//
8uilding on ils experlise in DPP and ils pres-
ence in counlries belore disaslers occur,
UNDP has been mandaled by lhe Ceneral
Assembly lo work on preparedness.
!
8y
providing policy guidance, supporl lo lhe
eslablishmenl ol regulalory lrameworks,
! A/PLS/52/!28 (9 Jan !998),
and coordinalion supporl lo preparedness
and recovery, UNDP is helping lo ensure
lhal lhe inslilulional and planning aspecls
ol posl-crisis recovery are being addressed
belore disaslers occur.
Wilhin lhe conlexl ol disasler risk reduc-
lion, UNDP supporls governmenls lo devel-
opcapaciliesloellcienllymanagealllypes
ol emergencies and achieve a smoolh lran-
silion lrom lhe emergency phase lhrough
lo elleclive and suslainable recovery. Pre-
paredness is based on analysis ol disasler
risks and encompasses a wide range ol
aclivilies lrom conlingency planning lo
slockpiling ol equipmenl and supplies, lhe
clarilcalion ol inslilulional responsibililies
and mandales, coordinalion, and recovery
lnancingarrangemenls.
86
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
UNDP works wilh local aulhorilies and
communilies lo ensure adequale planning
is in place lo deal wilh disaslers. ln lhe
J1<&,-$= lor example, UNDP supporled
lhe developmenl ol School Lmergency Pre-
paredness and Pesponse Cuidelines, which
are educaling school adminislralors, slall
and sludenls, on lhe procedures lo lollow
during an emergency. ln addilion, com-
munily-based disasler preparedness plans
have been developed in 39 islands across
seven alolls, while lwo alolls have conducl-
ed simulalion exercises. All ol lhese UN-
DP-supporled measures are helping local
communilies residing in hazard-exposed
areas lo be beller prepared lor slorms, lsu-
namis and earlhquakes. Similarly, UNDP, in
parlnership wilh UNlCLl, has also provid-
ed supporl lo lhe Covernmenls ol 81G*1
6$% ]*,4$1 and lhe /"<"0"4 3=<14&= in
lhe developmenl ol educalion seclor DPP
plans. These plans have led lo lhe alloca-
lion ol nalional developmenl lunds lor ad-
dilional preparedness planning lor schools
in lhe Solomon lslands.
ln many counlries, UNDP supporls commu-
nily-level emergency preparedness inilia-
lives wilhin broader DPP programmes. To
menlion one example, in lhe 7"0,4,)14
>$G*Z<,), in addilion lo supporling lhe
developmenl ol a degree on heallh and
disasler risk reduclion, lhrough a parl-
nership wilh lhe OPS (Organizacion Pan-
americana de la Salud) and lhe Luropean
Union, UNDP worked wilh aulhorilies in
lhe Norlh-Lasl region lo slrenglhen pre-
paredness and response capacilies. ln lolal,
60 ol lhe mosl vulnerable communilies
were idenliled and supporled lo develop
risk managemenl plans. These included
emergency and conlingency plans, and
operaling procedures lor preparedness
and response. Lvacualion roules have also
beenidenliledand,inparlnershipwilhlhe
Dominican Ped Cross, emergency simula-
lions have been conducled. Peporls lrom
communily members, local aulhorilies,
parlners and governmenl ollcials, docu-
menl an improvemenl in lhe regions DPP
capacily lollowing lhe implemenlalion ol
lhe UNDP programmes.
Taking an innovalive approach lo disasler
preparedness and lo ils work wilh lhe pri-
vale seclor, UNDP has parlnered wilh Deul-
sche Posl DHL, lhe global courier company,
under lhe programme ]$+ :,#G"#+= >$1&2
E"# 7,=1=+$#= (CAPD).The programme aims
lo improve lhe operalional capacily ol air-
porls in polenlial disasler-siles. lrequenlly,
airporls become an essenlial lileline in lhe
allermalh ol disaslers, acling as lhe main
enlry poinl lor inlernalional assislance,
a communicalions hub, and evacualion
|ono||a emerency response
s|mu|a||on.
Credil. UNDP Mongolia
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
87
roule when needed. Yel as huge volumes
ol reliel goods arrive on an ad-hoc basis,
bolllenecks may occur, leading lo delays in
lhe delivery ol aid. The CAPD program lo-
cuses on lraining airporl slall, as well as lo-
calandgovernmenlollcials,loassesslocal
requiremenls and creale delailed conlin-
gency plans. BA#"*DA ]:>7[ RU 1,#G"#+=
in ve di!!erent countries (angIadesh,
34&"4$=,1[ \$Z14"4[ 6$G1< 14& B*#?$2i
A1-$ Z$$4 E*<<2 1==$==$& 14& +A$,# =+1EE
+#1,4$&^ := %$<<[ #$G#$=$4+1+,-$= E#"0
SR <")1< 1,#G"#+= A1-$ Z$$4 +#1,4$& ="
+A1+ +A$2 )14 G1== "4 +A$,# ?4"%<$&D$
+" +A$,# 1,#G"#+=^ The ellecliveness ol
lhe CAPD lrainings will be assessed once
parlicipaling counlries have lo respond lo
large-scale disaslers, which have lorlunale-
ly nol occurred lo lhis dale.
ln soulhern J$(,)", UNDP along wilh a
regional leam ol experls and NCOs, imple-
menled a local risk reduclion programme in
several indigenous villages. The programme
lollowed a parlicipalory approach, which
locused on lhe developmenl ol local risk
reduclion capacilies lo cope wilh disasler
risk and included measures lo address gen-
der inequalily. Al lhe local level, communi-
lies and cooperalives conducled risk analy-
sis and prepared emergency plans, damage
evalualions, and recovery proposals, all ol
which dillerenlialed dala by sex, allow-
ing lor an analysis ol gender condilions
and needs. Cender-sensilive issues wilh-
in DPP have been lackled in each village
in case-specilc ways, responding lo local
capacilies and needs. := 1 #$=*<+ "E +A$
5678 =*GG"#+$& G#"D#100$[ %"0$4
,4 +A$ )"00*4,+,$= 4"% #$)$,-$ Z$++$#
;*1<,+2 14& +,0$<2 ,4E"#01+,"4 1Z"*+
G#$-$4+,"4[ G#$G1#$&4$==[ #$=G"4=$
14& #$)"-$#2[ +A*= #$&*),4D +A$,# -*<d
4$#1Z,<,+2 14& A1`1#& $(G"=*#$^ Wom-
en are also reporledly more highly involved
in decision making processes and in lhe ne-
golialion ol assel dislribulion, parlicipaling
in lormal and inlormal discussions on reha-
bililalion and recovery plans.
>'/3\3'6B >'FIa'>_
Despile lheir devaslaling consequences,
disaslers oller unique, albeil ephemeral,
opporlunilies lor change and lranslorma-
lion, especially lor slrenglhening capacilies
lor DPP. Disaslers reveal lhe inherenl vul-
nerabililies presenl lhal musl be addressed
lhrough lhe recovery process il lulure dis-
aslers are lo be avoided. Hence, recovery
processes are key opporlunilies lor increas-
ing resilience. This requires moving beyond
a process limiled lo resloring pre-exisling
slruclures and services, lowards one lhal
will re-orienl or re-align lundamenlal de-
velopmenl processes. This can be challeng-
ing since resilienl recovery requires carelul
planning and coordinalion, whilsl in lhe
allermalh ol disaslers lhere is an urgency
lo acl quickly and 'gel back lo normal.' Yel
evidence has shown lime and again lhe
greal value added ol recovery processes
lhal inlegrale a lranslormalive mind-sel.
8y mainslreaming DPP inlo recovery pro-
cesses, resilience can be increased.
As parl ol ils slralegy, UNDP provides posl-
crisis supporl lo governmenls lor lhe assess-
Since the
establishment of
the Cluster Approach,
UNDP has supported
the establishment of
Larly Recovery
coordination
mechanisms in
J7 countries
88
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
menl ol recovery needs and lor planning,
programming and implemenling inilialives
lo lacililale recovery. ln addilion, UNDP rec-
ognizes lhe opporlunily presenled by dis-
aslers lo inlroduce, lhrough lhe recovery
process, broader DPP programmes. Wilh
lhe memory ol lhe disasler highly presenl
in public and governmenl mind-sels, and
lhe resulling broad public supporl lor DPP
in lhe allermalh, recovery programmes
provide an enlry poinl lo develop compre-
hensive DPP programmes and lo change
whal was nol working belore inlo resilienl
developmenl and risk-reducing slralegies.
As a resull ol lhe 2005 UN humanilarian
syslem review, UNDP was designaled lhe
CluslerLeadlorLarlyPecovery(LP),relecl-
ing a shared underslanding ol lhe close link
belween humanilarian, recovery and devel-
opmenl inlervenlions. Al lhe global level,
UNDP leads lhe Clusler Working Croup on
Larly Pecovery, which locuses on providing
guidance lo lhe UN Pesidenl Coordinalor
and lhe UN syslem as a whole, delning
and coordinaling early recovery work nol
covered by olher cluslers, such as govern-
ance and DPP, and providing guidance lor
lhe inlegralion ol early recovery inlo lhe
work ol olher cluslers.
As parl ol ils responsibililies, UNDP is
charged wilh supporling nalional aulhori-
lies in inilialing early recovery and lransi-
lion aclivilies - lrom shorl-lerm, posl-crisis
recovery lo longer-lerm developmenl. 8y
January 20!!, Larly Pecovery (LP) coordi-
nalion mechanisms had been eslablished
in 37 counlries and nearly !00 LP deploy-
menls had been compleled, backed up by
lhe Larly Pecovery Team led by UNDP. These
included lhe deploymenl ol LP Advisors,
who provide inler-agency supporl lo lhe UN
humanilarian syslem, Clusler Coordinalors,
who supporl UNDP-led cluslers, and LP
Specialisls, who supporl UNDP Counlry Ol-
lcesinprogrammeimplemenlalion.Laslly,
as lhe global lead lor lhe LP clusler, UNDP
is responsible lor inluencing lhe global
policy agenda on humanilarian lnancing,
civilian capacilies, and slralegic planning,
lo slrenglhen lhe polenlial lor, and impacl
ol, early recovery wilhin inlernalional crisis
response and recovery ellorls.
ln addilion lo lhis role in inler-agency coor-
dinalion, UNDP works al lhe counlry level
lhrough lhree inler-connecled and mulually
supporlive componenls. (i) /+#$4D+A$4$&
G"=+d)#,=,= D"-$#414)$, which includes
supporl lo reinlorce nalional policy and
planning processes and local level imple-
menlalion capacily, (ii) 'EE$)+,-$ <")1< <$-d
$< $1#<2 #$)"-$#2, where UNDP lacililales
early recovery programmes al lhe local level,
lounded on local governmenl coordinalion
and managemenl, and (iii) F""#&,41+$&
'1#<2 >$)"-$#2 8<144,4D, slrenglhening
lhecapacilyollheOllceollheHumanilar-
ian/Pesidenl Coordinalor lo underlake sys-
lemalic assessmenl, analysis, coordinalion,
and planning lor early recovery aclivilies,
lo enable a coordinaled approach lo early
recovery and lhe eslablishmenl ol a loun-
dalion lor a long-lerm recovery.
Through early recovery programmes, UNDP
is able lo develop and slrenglhen synergies
wilh exisling programmes implemenled
in allecled counlries, building on exisling
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
89
developmenl processes. lor example, in
L14D<1&$=A UNDP has sel up an Larly Pe-
covery lacilily lo help generale sell-suslain-
ing, nalionally owned, resilienl processes
lor recovery. ll does so by providing policy
and programmalic supporl lor local and
nalional level recovery, and by promoling
lhe inlroduclion ol developmenl orienled
inlervenlions in posl-disasler silualions
lhal promole equily, social inclusion and
lransparency. 34 +A$ G1=+ =,( 2$1#= 5678
A1= <$-$#1D$& 14& &,=Z*#=$& 5/lVV
0,<<,"4 "-$# +A#$$ 01c"# &,=1=+$#=[ Z$4d
eting hundreds o! thousands o! peod
G<$ ,4 L14D<1&$=A^
lor example, as parl ol lhe early recovery
responseloloodsin2007,UNDPworked
wilh communilies lo conslrucl 3,962 lamily
houses in lve allecled dislricls ol 8angla-
desh, as well as assisled communily reslo-
ralion by providing cash lor work opporlu-
nilies lor 40,000 men and women. Cash
lor work inilialives help lo immedialely
reduce lhe vulnerabilily ol disasler viclims
by providing lhem wilh income, while plac-
ing communilies al lhe cenlre ol rebuild-
ing lheir own inlraslruclure and shared
communily resources. ln consullalion wilh
lhe Covernmenl, olher UN agencies, and
NCOs, lhe Larly Pecovery lacilily supporled
lhe eslablishmenl and elleclive lunclioning
ol an Larly Pecovery Clusler in 8angladesh,
lacililaling a more coordinaled approach lo
posl-disasler risk reduclion.
When disaslers occur, lhey also provide
opporlunilies lor underlaking broad re-
views ol organizalional slruclures, poli-
cies, processes, slralegies, elc. When acule
phases ol disasler recovery are over, and
priorily shills once again lo developmenl
programmes, UNDP is ready lo conlinue
supporling disasler risk governance using
inlormalion drawn lrom PDNAs, as well as
sludies made on lhe impacl ol a disasler on
lhe allainmenl ol lhe MDCs, as a slepping
slone lor lhe design and revision ol disasler
risk reduclion plans and slruclures. UNDP
works closely wilh nalional aulhorilies lo
ensure lhal medium and long-lerm recov-
ery needs are inlegraled inlo lhe planning
and implemenlalion ol reliel response.
lor example, in lhe allermalh ol lropi-
cal slorms Olga and Noel, which hil lhe
7"0,4,)14 >$G*Z<,) in lale 2007, UNDP
worked wilh lhe Nalional Civil Delence lo
eslablish lve provincial and 23 municipal
Disasler Prevenlion, Miligalion and Pe-
sponse Commillees. These commillees are
|a||s|an reou||ds ||ve||hoods |rom
devas|a||n |oods |n 2010.
Credil. UNDP Pakislan 20!!
90
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
lasked wilh overseeing all DPP work in lheir
areas. Through lhis supporl, disasler re-
sponse coordinalion was greally improved in
comparison lo previous years. Subsequenlly,
UNDP conlinued lo supporl lhe crealion ol
lhese coordinalion mechanisms across lhe
counlry, building lheir capacily lo conducl
local risk and capacily assessmenls, and lo
develop municipal emergency response and
risk managemenl plans.
ln FA,41, when an earlhquake slruck lhe Si-
chuan region in early 2008, UNDP respond-
ed lo lhe Covernmenl's requesl lor supporl
lo slrenglhen coordinalion ellorls, conducl
rapid assessmenls and iniliale early recovery
lrameworks. Wilh UNDP's supporl, lhe Slale
CouncilLeadingCroupOllceolPoverlyAl-
levialion and Developmenl developed a plan
lo supporl lhe Covernmenl in early recovery
and DPP. Assessmenls and policy sludies
were conducled al lhe nalional level by lhe
Nalional Disasler Pisk Peduclion Cenlre ol
China, wilh a locus on poor rural commu-
nilies. 8ased on lhe lndings, UNDP helped
build leadership and capacily al lhe local
level lhrough a series ol workshops lor Cov-
ernmenlollcialsandcommunilyleaders.Di-
recl lechnical assislance was also provided lo
communilies lor lhe developmenl ol conlin-
gency plans and lhe conducling ol exercise
drills. As a resull ol lhe recovery programme,
one ol lhe pilol villages was recognized by
lhe Minislry ol Civil Allairs in China as a
model communily lor comprehensive DPP.
Anolher pilol village, which was looded in
July 20!0, was able lo ulilize knowledge and
capacilies acquired lrom previous lrainings
and exercises lo improve lhe response.
lorlhelrsllimeinFA,41, UNDP inlroduced
lhe melhodologies ol parlicipalory vulnera-
bilily analysis, which was broadly applied in
posl-earlhquake assessmenl and planning.
UNDP's promolion and analysis ol parlicipa-
lory, communily-based disasler risk reduc-
lion pilols, conlribuled loward a policy shill
inChinainlhisdireclion.Thiswasrelecled
in China's live-Year Nalional Plan lor Com-
prehensive Disasler Pisk Peduclion (20!!-
20!5), and lhe lrsl Nalional Cuidance
Nole on Slrenglhening Communily-8ased
Disasler Pisk Peduclion in China. Also, lor
lhelrsllimeDPPwasincorporaledinlolhe
new nalional poverly allevialion slralegy
(20!!-2020), as a key approach lo reduce
lhe vulnerabililies ol lhe !.5 million poor re-
siding in disasler-prone rural China.
ln B1c,?,=+14, UNDP inilialed an Larly Pe-
covery-orienled Communilies Programme
locused on local governmenl capacilies
and inlraslruclure lo address lhe ellecls ol
recurrenl disaslers. The programme has as-
sisled local populalions in recovering crili-
cal public lacililies, improve lood securily
and livelihoods, reslore inlraslruclure, and
improve DPP and sanilalion. The projecl led
lo imporlanl resulls, namely lhe approval
ol lhe Nalional Disasler Pisk Managemenl
Slralegy, which included clear recogni-
lion ol recovery as a major pillar ol lhe
DPP process. As well, DPP has also been
inlegraled in lhe pilol governmenl guide-
lines lor dislricl developmenl planning.
These achievemenls direclly conlribuled lo
promplandellcienlresponseslolheVanj
earlhquake in January 20!0 and lhe lash
loodsinKulyabinMay20!0.
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
9!
UNDP also played a calalylic role in shel-
ler recovery lollowing major disaslers in
34&,1[ lhrough lhe provision ol lechnical
assislance wilh an emphasis on communi-
ly-driven conslruclion ol saler houses. Aller
lhedevaslalingKosiloodsin2008,when
nearly 3.3 million people across lve dis-
lricls ol 8ihar were severely allecled, UNDP
supporled lhe slale Covernmenl in insli-
luling an owner-driven reconslruclion pro-
gramme. The supporl provided lo lhe Cov-
ernmenl ol 8ihar lhrough lhe Owner Driven
Peconslruclion Collaboralive (ODPC), a
consorlium ol NCOs, conlribuled lo lech-
nical guidelines lor mulli-hazard resislanl
housing, lhe eslablishmenl ol social lacilila-
lion cenlres al communily level, and inslilu-
lional capacily building programmes al lhe
panchayal and dislricl levels lor recovery
implemenlalion^ UNDP-ODPC piloled lhe
sheller reconslruclion process by under-
laking reconslruclion ol !70 households in
allecled villages. /*Z=$;*$4+ +" +A$ =*)d
)$== "E +A$ G,<"+[ 5678 G#"-,&$& +$)A4,d
)1< 14& "G$#1+,"41< =*GG"#+ E"# =)1<,4D
*G 1 ]"-$#40$4+m@"#<& L14?dE*4&$&
G#"D#100$[ %A,)A $41Z<$& RTT[TTT
E10,<,$= +" +1?$ +A$ <$1& #"<$ ,4 Z*,<&d
,4D +A$,# "%4 &,=1=+$#d#$=,=+14+ A"*=$=^
ln addilion lo lhe inslilulional supporl pro-
vided in lhe allermalh ol disaslers, UNDP
works closely wilh allecled communilies
lo idenlily and reslore local livelihoods. The
employmenl generalion programmes led
by UNDP in lhe allermalh ol disaslers rep-
resenl one ol several elleclive response op-
lions available in lhe early phase ol recovery
and helps generale quick wins lor allecled
populalions. These livelihood aclivilies com-
plemenl humanilarian inlervenlions and
provide a bridge lrom reliel lo recovery. Cash
lor work programmes also have lhe advan-
lage lhal lhey can be inlegraled inlo more
comprehensive salely nel programmes and
linked lo wider social proleclion schemes.
ln b1,+, lor example, lhe lremendous im-
pacl ol lhe 20!0 earlhquake exlended lhe
reliel and early recovery phase lor over lwo
years. Under lhe early recovery clusler and
working closely wilh nalional aulhorilies,
UNDP is leading ellorls lo accelerale lhe
lransilion lowards recovery wilh lhe larg-
esl job crealion programme il has in lhe
world. Since lhe earlhquake, over 300,000
people, over 40 percenl ol lhem women,
were lemporarily employed lhrough more
lhan 230 projecls implemenled by UNDP in
parlnership wilh olher UN agencies, local
aulhorilies and civil sociely organizalions.
v|||aers |n Ch|nas 5|chuan prov|nce
wor| |o reou||d a house, par| o| a
UN|| cash-|or-wor| proramme
a||er |he 2003 ear|hqua|e.
Credil. UNDP China
92
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
lncome-generalion aclivilies in b1,+, are
nol an isolaled disasler response inlerven-
lion, bul parl ol a holislic approach which
seeks lo lackle DPP as well. L2 )<$1#,4D
%1+$# )141<=[ =$%1D$ =2=+$0= 14&
#"1&= E#"0 &$Z#,=[ +A$ #,=? "E =G#$1&
"E )"00*4,)1Z<$ &,=$1=$= ,= #$&*)$&
14& G"+$4+,1< E*+*#$ &,=1=+$#= 1-$#+$&^
Also, lhrough an inilialive ol UNDP and lhe
Covernmenl ol Haili, Communily Supporl
Cenlres, known locally by lhe lrench ac-
ronym CAPMLN, have been empowering
quake-allecled communilies in Porl-au-
Prince and lhe weslern lown ol Leogne
lo direclly lake charge ol house repairs,
backed wilh engineering assessmenls and
sale conslruclion lrainings. Through lhe
projecl, U[TTT G1#+,),G14+= A1-$ Z$$4
+#1,4$& ,4 )"4=+#*)+,"4 +$)A4,;*$= 14&
"-$# Q[TTT &101D$& A"*=$= %$#$ $-1<d
*1+$&^ 34 1&&,+,"4[ "-$# R[TTT b1,+,14=
#$)$,-$& 1 5/lUTT D#14+ +" Z*2 )$#+,d
ed quaIity IocaI construction mated
#,1<= +A#"*DA +A$ G#"c$)+N= ,44"-1+,-$
0"Z,<$d0"4$2 +#14=E$# =)A$0$[ which
lakesadvanlageolmobilephones-lhelrsl
ever lor large-scale posl-disasler housing
recovery ellorls.
ln ')*1&"#[ UNDP supporled a process
ol resilienl recovery lollowing lhe erup-
lion ol lhe Tungurahua Volcano in !999.
As volcanic ash spewed onlo surrounding
villages and delerioraled grazing paslure,
damaged agricullural land and sullocaled
planled crops, UNDP worked closely wilh
lhe local municipalily lo help diversily liveli-
hoods. larmers were given lhe opporlunily
lo learn new skills and supporled as lhey
began new income-generaling aclivilies,
such as raising small animals, meal pro-
cessing, produclion ol animal leed, and
shoe-making, amongsl olhers. Thanks lo
lhe diversilcalion ol livelihoods oplions
and lhe suslained supporl provided by
UNDP lo lhe municipalilies, lhe inhabilanls
ol Cevallos improved lheir socio-economic
slalus and as a resull, were nol lorced lo
seek disruplive livelihood allernalives or
migrale lo olher areas ol lhe counlry. Mosl
imporlanlly, villagers were able lo increase
lheir resilience lo lhe conlinuing eruplions
ol lhe volcano, as lheir reduced dependen-
cy on agricullure meanl lhe lhreal lo lheir
livelihoods has decreased.
ln J"4D"<,1, UNDP worked wilh nalional
aulhorilies lo address lhe impacl ol lhe
2009-20!0 dzud, a conlinuous condilion
during winler and spring when liveslock lack
paslure and waler resources, losing weighl,
and perishing in large quanlilies. This parlic-
ular dzud led lo 8.4 million liveslock dealhs.
Through a UNDP early recovery programme,
supporl was provided lor lhe removal ol
liveslock carcasses, building capacily lor al-
lernalive livelihoods, slrenglhening early re-
covery planning, and implemenling a disas-
ler prevenlion granls programme^ Through
a livelihoods programme, over lwo million
carcasses were removed and buried, whilsl
allernalive livelihood programmes were im-
plemenled lor a largeled !,000 herders al-
lecled by lhe dzud.
ln b"4&*#1=, a gender sensilive early re-
covery projecl was developed al lhe local
level, including an online course on gender
and DPP. ln lolal, !0 nalional counlerparls
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
93
were lrained in lhe use ol lhese gender-
sensilive recovery guidelines and were able
lo apply lhis melhodology lor planning lhe
response lo slorm Agalha in 20!0. := 1
#$=*<+ "E +A$ ,0G<$0$4+1+,"4 "E +A,=
0$+A"&"<"D2[ OT G$#)$4+ "E +A$ )1=Ad
!or-vork days have directIy beneted
E10,<,$= A$1&$& Z2 %"0$4, while spe-
cilcworkacliviliesweredesignedloallow
lhe access ol women lo resources.
As illuslraled by lhese examples, resilienl
recovery needs lo be grounded in a de-
mand-driven, nalionally-owned disasler
needs assessmenl, in order lo avoid re-
building risk lhrough reconslruclion and
recovery ellorls. ll also requires local level
planning and piloling ol small innovalive
inilialives, led by communilies and local
governmenls, lhal are parl ol larger recon-
slruclion plans. ln addilion, coordinalion
mechanisms need lo be eslablished, ideally
belore disaslers occur, lo adequalely assign
roles and responsibililies, avoid overlap,
promole more ellcienl use ol resources,
anddelneclearlinesolaccounlabilily.
8I/Bd73/:/B'> 6''7/ ://'//J'6B/
lrequenlly, in lhe allermalh ol disaslers,
humanilarian assessmenls aiming lo cover
lhe immediale reliel needs are conducled,
while economic assessmenls, which look al
lhe physical damages and losses, are also
carried oul. Lxperience has shown lhal
lhereisaneedloramoreuniledsupporllo
Covernmenls, as well as a more arliculaled
supporl lrom lhe developmenl communily,
lo lacililale a comprehensive assessmenl as
a basis lor lhe recovery process.
Changing lhe posl-disasler process is nol
easy. lollowing a disasler, lhe selling is a
complex and demanding environmenl where
lhe mosl urgenl lask is lo rapidly assess hu-
manilarian needs and bring lile-saving reliel
assislance lo lhose allecled. However lhis
should also include a more comprehensive
assessmenl ol lhe ellecls ol lhe disasler and
lhe developmenl ol a recovery plan. Typically
lhe process has been inlormed by numerous
needs assessmenls and planning exercises
underlaken by individual and/or groups ol
agencies in parallel. Such assessmenls have
varied in scope and rigor and have been
underlaken al dillerenl limes during lhe re-
sponse and recovery phase.
Pecognizing lhe need lo build slrong
parlnerships and slrenglhen coordinalion
and coherence in posl-crisis sellings, lhe
Luropean Commission, lhe World 8ank
and lhe Uniled Nalions Developmenl
Croup, signed an agreemenl lo harmo-
nize posl-crisis assessmenl melhods and
recovery planning lo beller supporl gov-
ernmenls and allecled populalions wilh a
slandardized approach. The Posl Disasler
Needs Assessmenl (PDNA) guidelines, de-
veloped wilh UNDP leadership, represenl
one concrele resull ol lhis endeavour.
BA$=$ D*,&$<,4$= A1#0"4,`$ +A$ G#"d
)$== 14& 0$+A"&= *=$& Z2 +A$ 54,+$&
61+,"4= 14& +A$ @"#<& L14? +" 1==$==[
G<14 14& 0"Z,<,`$ =*GG"#+ E"# +A$ #$d
)"-$#2 "E )"*4+#,$= 14& G"G*<1+,"4=
1EE$)+$& Z2 &,=1=+$#=^
Since 2008, lhe PDNA parlners have been
working joinlly lo implemenl, upon lhe
requesl and under lhe leadership lrom
governmenls, a single assessmenl process
Since the launch
of the PDNA
methodology in 2008,
28 PDNAs have
been conducted in
disaster-affected
countries, all with
UNDP support.
94
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
lhal inlegrales lwo perspeclives inlo one
reporl. lirsl, on lhe one hand, lhis in-
cludes lhe valualion ol physical damages
and economic losses (lhe Damage, Loss
Needs Assessmenl or DaLA), and secondly,
lhe idenlilcalion ol human developmenl
recovery needs (or HPNA), which galh-
ers inlormalion lrom allecled populalions
and developmenl experls' assessmenls.
The greal value added ol lhe PDNA resulls
lramework is lhal il pulls logelher valuable
inlormalion on lhe physical impacls ol a
disasler, lhe economic value ol lhe dam-
ages and losses, lhe human impacls as ex-
perienced by lhe allecled populalion, and
lhe resulling early and long-lerm recovery
needs and priorilies. These assessed im-
pacls provide a basis lor a comprehensive
recovery lramework, which conslilules an
inlegral PDNA oulpul.
Throughoul lhe process, UNDP is respon-
sible lor anchoring lhe PDNA, on behall
ol UNDC, wilh parlners and nalional gov-
ernmenls, while lacililaling lhe leadership
ol lhe UN Pesidenl Coordinalor and lhe
parlicipalion ol UN agencies. UNDP is also
responsible lor conducling specilc seclor
assessmenls relaled lo governance, com-
munily inlraslruclure, and DPP, in coordi-
nalion wilh relevanl parlners, and lor lev-
eraginglhelnancialandhumanresources
needed lo conducl lhe lull PDNA. Overall,
UNDP is accounlable lor lhe provision ol
lechnical and process guidance.
Once a PDNA has been compleled, lhe de-
liverables include a consolidaled, govern-
menl-owned sel ol seclor reporls (one reporl
per seclor), and a recovery lramework presenl-
ing lhe early, medium and long lerm recovery
needs, including relaled aclivilies in order ol
priorily, cosl and limeline, as well as lhe aclors
mosl likely lo be involved. The recovery lrame-
work lhen becomes a planning inslrumenl lo
provide direclion lor recovery while addressing
new needs arising lrom lhe disasler and in-
creasing resilience lo lulure risks.
PDNA processes are inlended lo be led by
governmenls. The resulling recovery plans
proposed by lhe PDNA require lhe endorse-
menl ol governmenl aulhorilies il lhey are
lo be enacled and suslained. ll lhis does
nol occur, recovery lrameworks risk nol be-
ing implemenled and lhe inleresl ol parl-
ners and donors in supporling proposed
recovery inilialives may be losl or delayed.
Since 2008, a lolal ol 28 PDNAs have pro-
vided a single, consolidaled assessmenl
and recovery lramework lollowing major
disaslers in counlries as diverse as '< /1<-1d
&"#, b1,+,, 34&"4$=,1, 610,Z,1 and \1"
8$"G<$N= 7$0")#1+,) >$G*Z<,)[ all wilh
UNDP involvemenl. The b1,+, PDNA and
Covernmenl-owned recovery lramework
A||erma|h o| |urr|cane 5andy |n
N|caro, |ayar| mun|c|pa|||y, Cuoa.
Credil. Juan Pablo Carreras/UN pholo
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
95
provided a basis lor US$!0 billion in recovery
programme pledges lollowing lhe January
20!0 earlhquake. PDNAs have been wel-
comed by allecled counlries, in a leller lo
UNDP Adminislralor Helen Clark lollowing
loodsinAugusl20!0,lhePrimeMinislerol
J"<&"-1, Vladimir lilal, wrole "We highly
appreciale Uniled Nalions assislance and
posl-disasler needs assessmenl provided lo
lhe Pepublic ol Moldova. The Covernmenl
ol Moldova avails ilsell ol lhis opporlunily
lo renew lo lhe Uniled Nalions Organizalion
lhe assurances ol ils highesl consideralion."
Through lhe years, lhe World 8ank, LU and
UNDP have observed increased ownership
and proaclive engagemenl by allecled gov-
ernmenls in lhe PDNA process, wilh some
governmenls deciding lo cuslomize lhe PDNA
lo lheir specilc needs, such as 34&"4$=,1[
\1" 8$"G<$N= 7$0")#1+,) >$G*Z<,), 6$G1<
and +A$ 8A,<,GG,4$=[ and wilh regional or-
ganizalions playing an increasingly imporlanl
role, such as ASLAN in J21401# and LCOW-
AS lor @$=+ :E#,)1^ There has also been
increasing inleresl lrom global and regional
organizalions, bilaleral donors and neigh-
bouring counlries lo parlicipale in lhe PDNA
process, as evidenced by lhe growing number
ol recovery reporls published by lhese enlilies
in lhe allermalh ol major disaslers.
Yel mosl imporlanlly, PDNAs have success-
lully helped parlners ensure a more disasler
resilienl recovery process. ln 34&"4$=,1, lhe
Covernmenl has led lhe developmenl ol Na-
lional Posl Disasler Needs Assessmenl guide-
lines. This assessmenl prolocol has been used
in several disaslers, lhe lasl being lhe Mounl
MerapiVolcaniceruplionandlheMenlawai
lsunami in 20!0. lollowing lhe assessmenl,
a recovery and rehabililalion aclion plan was
developed and approved by lhe Nalional
Covernmenl, wilh a budgelary allocalion
ol US$!.54 million lowards livelihoods, ed-
ucalion and heallh care recovery lor allecled
communilies. Mosl imporlanlly, in line wilh
lhe principles ol lhe HlA, lhe Covernmenl
has lrealed lhis reconslruclion and rehabili-
lalion programme as a slralegic opporlunily
lo incorporale DPP consideralions across all
seclors and aclivilies in order lo bolh ou||d
oac| sa|er and ou||d oac| oe||er.
ln J1<1%,,lollowinglheNsanjeloodsin
20!2, UNDP and lhe World 8ank assisled
lhe Nalional Covernmenl lo conducl a
PDNA. Led by lhe Deparlmenl ol Disasler
Managemenl Allairs, lhe PDNA inlormed
lhe lve-year Malawi Pesilience Slralegy,
which look on board lhe policy priorily ar-
eas recommended by lhe PDNA DPP sec-
lor reporl. The Malawi Covernmenl has
also invesled in lraining ils minislries in lhe
PDNA melhodology.
When in 20!! lhe b"#4 "E :E#,)1 laced
a serious droughl, lhe UNDP-supporled
PDNA helped inlorm lhe regional Droughl
Pesilience Concepl, developed and adopl-
ed by lhe lnlergovernmenlal Aulhorily on
Developmenl (lCAD), an eighl-counlry re-
gional developmenl organizalion in Lasl
Alrica. The assessmenl reporl also guided
e$421 in preparing ils nalional reporl on
ending droughl emergencies, as parl ol lhe
lCAD Droughl Disasler Pesiliency and Sus-
lainabilily lnilialive lhal is being supporled
by lhe Clobal Alliance lor Droughl Pesil-
ience and Crowlh.
96
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
')*1&"#
')*1&"# #$D*<1#<2 =*EE$#= &,=1=+$#= +#,DD$#$& Z2 41+*#1< A1`1#&=^ BA$ )"*4+#2 ,= G#"4$ +" Z"+A &#"*DA+
and ooding, and !or the past decade has su!!ered the instabiIity o! the Tungurahua voIcano. In addition,
1 4*0Z$# "E E1*<+ <,4$= %,+A,4 +A$ )"*4+#2 1#$ )1G1Z<$ "E D$4$#1+,4D =+#"4D $1#+A;*1?$=[ G"+$4+,1<<2 &$d
=+#*)+,-$ +" &$4=$<2 G"G*<1+$& *#Z14 )$4+$#=^
UNDP has also parlnered wilh seven universilies in Lc-
uador lo develop vulnerabilily and capacily assessmenl
melhodologies, which are being used by local govern-
menl aulhorilies lo inlorm lhe developmenl ol DPP
plans and developmenl programmes. lor example, lhe
Nalional Associalion ol Municipalilies has budgeled re-
sources lor municipalilies lo underlake risk reduclion
programs. The SNCP is now recognizing lhese universi-
lies as imporlanl sources ol lechnical supporl lor lhe rep-
licalion ol vulnerabilily sludies in olher regions. Supporl
was also provided by UNDP lo largel provinces lor lhe
developmenlolmunicipalloodconlingencyplans,help-
ing slrenglhen capacily on preparedness lor recovery.
ln addilion, in lighl ol lhe exisling vulnerabililies, UNDP
worked wilh various municipalilies lo address urban risk
issues. lor example, in Quilo UNDP supporled lhe imple-
menlalion ol an urban risk managemenl programme,
which resulled in lhe developmenl ol a Seismic Pisk
Plan, lhe idenlilcalion ol !0 public sale-spaces, and a
uniled syslem ol geographic inlormalion lhal is being
used by organizalions such as waler and sanilalion com-
panies lo idenlily seismic risk issues. UNDP also placed
parlicular locus on lhe educalion seclor, supporling risk
and capacily analysis in selecled schools. Cuidelines lor
DPP largeling youlh and adolescenls were developed
in close parlnership wilh NCOs and local aulhorilies.
The Minislry ol Lducalion is now working lo incorpo-
rale lhese guidelines inlo revised lraining curriculums lor
school leachers, which will help lurlher increase local
capacily lor preparedness and recovery.
34 E")*=9
ln 2008 Lcuador experienced devaslaling loods,
prompling lhe presidenl lo call lor inlernalional as-
sislance and lo priorilize disasler risk reduclion. UNDP
responded lo lhe early recovery needs and buill on lhe
momenlum generaled by lhe recovery process lo sup-
porl broader DPP. Through a programme lhal soughl
lo slrenglhen a decenlralized DPP syslem, UNDP pro-
vided lechnical guidance lor lhe developmenl ol a legal
lramework, which included a revision ol conslilulional
arlicles and lhe dralling ol a Pisk Managemenl Law.
This resulled in a Nalional Decenlralized Syslem on Dis-
asler Pisk Managemenl and a lechnical coordinalion
enlily eslablished al lhe nalional level, lollowed by lhe
crealion ol a nalional disasler reduclion coordinalion
mechanism, led by lhe Nalional Secrelarial lor Pisk
Managemenl(SNCP,SecrelariaNacionaldeCeslionde
Piesgos). Since lhen, lhe Covernmenl has conlinued lo
reinlorce ils commilmenl lo DPP, as demonslraled by
lhe average annual budgel allocalion ol US$254 mil-
lion lhrough lhe SNCP.
To develop lhe operalional capacily ol lhe SNCP, UNDP
supporled lhe eslablishmenl ol Lmergency Operalion
Cenlres, equipping lhem and lraining slall so as lo in-
crease emergency preparedness and response capaci-
lies. These cenlres are supporled by an inlegraled risk
reduclion inlormalion syslem, which in lurn builds on
lhe slrenglhened capacily ol bolh lhe Nalional lnslilule
ol Meleorology and Hydrology and lhe Ceophysics lnsli-
lule, which are bolh developing wealher-relaled reporls
lhal inlorm lhe nalional early warning syslems. Slill under
developmenl, lhis LWS will serve lo lrigger conlingency
plans which are already being developed al lhe local level.
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
97
All ol lhese ellorls have been complemenled by an inno-
valivelnancialprogramme,whichseekslolacililaleaccess
lolnancialresourcesinlheevenloladisasler.Throughlhe
programme, lhe Lcuadorian Developmenl 8ank has pul lo-
gelher an incenlive syslem lo molivale prevenlion and pre-
paredness aclivilies wilhin municipalilies. This is achieved by
allowingmunicipaliliesloaccesslnancialcredil,wilhlerms
based on lheir capacilies and needs.
While progress has been made in underslanding and man-
aging risks, disaslers conlinue lo allecl Lcuador. ln 20!0,
andmoreseverelyin20!!and20!2,loodsallecledlarge
areas ol lhe counlry. ln conlrasl wilh lhe silualion experi-
enced in 2008, lhese evenls were managed by lhe nalional
and local aulhorilies wilhoul lhe need lo requesl exlernal
assislance. A lully lunclional SNCP, and ils decenlralized
slruclure lhrough lhe emergency cenlres, has been capa-
ble ol managing lhe ellecls ol recenl disaslers, an indica-
lion lhal DPP is rendering posilive resulls. ln essence, lhe
suslained supporl provided by UNDP, working al local and
nalional levels, has led lo a more inlegraled and elleclive
DPP capacily in Lcuador.
lnclusion ol risk managemenl wilhin
lhe Conslilulion (Arl. 389, 390)
Crealion ol lhe Technical Secrelarial lor
Pisk Managemenl (TSPM)
QTTX
QTTW
Annual budgel allocaled lo lhe
SNCP reached $254 million,
including inveslmenl and currenl
budgel allocalion
QTTX
5|nce
TSPM lranslormed inlo lhe Nalional
Secrelarial lor Pisk Managemenl (SNCP)
QTRT
Conlingency Local Plans lor
loodingdevelopedbylhe
governmenl wilh UNDP assislance
QTTX
5|nce
Pisk Managemenl Legislalion
dralled, lo be submilled lo
Nalional Assembly in 20!3
QTRQ
J,<$=+"4$=
|eop|e p|an||n |rees on s|opes |o preven| so|| eros|on
and poss|o|e |ands||des.
Credil. UNDP Lduardo
98
!"#$%" '(# )#*+*+ ,#$-$./*(. %.0 #$)(-$#1
lrom 2005-20!2 more lhan 240,000
people killed by disaslers
lrom 2005-20!2 over 57 million
people allecled by disaslers
Tolal damage 2005-20!2
US$85 billion
QOT[TTTk UP 0,<<,"4k 5/lWU Z,<<,"4
\1+,4 :0$#,)1 14& +A$ F1#,ZZ$14
*source LMDAT/CPLD
Counlries in UNDP regional bureau wilh resulls in DPP and Pecovery
Pemaining counlries in UNDP regional bureau
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
99
5678 @"#?9
Percenlage ol counlries wilh UNDP work on
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The Way lorward
As demonslraled by lhe resulls lhroughoul lhis reporl, UNDP has been an impor-
lanl global parlner in lhe implemenlalion ol lhe Hyogo lramework lor Aclion,
working lo achieve lhe common goal ol reducing disasler losses in lives and in lhe
social, economic, and environmenlal assels ol communilies and counlries. lounded
on slrong programmalic, lechnical and polilical parlnerships al lhe global, regional,
nalional and sub-nalional levels, UNDP has been able lo advance lhe inlegralion ol
DPP inlo nalional developmenl lrameworks, lhus slrenglhening governance slruc-
lures and ullimalely helping reduce hazard vulnerabilily and exposure.
\'//I6/ \':>6'7
Lxperience lrom numerous counlries has shown lhal il is possible lo achieve
subslanlial reduclions in disasler losses, so long as a =2=+$01+,)[ =*=+1,4$&
14& )"0G#$A$4=,-$ 1GG#"1)A ,= 1GG<,$&^ ll is imporlanl lo unile lhe ellorls
ol lhe inlernalional syslem behind a counlry-led slralegy lhal is based on an
assessmenl ol risk and counlry capacily. The value added ol long-lerm, compre-
hensive DPP programmes has been showcased by lhe experiences in Armenia,
Lcuador, lndia, lndonesia and Mozambique.
Successlul DPP programmes should also ensure lhal risk assessmenls inlorm
developmenl plans and should ideally lead lo inveslmenls in miligalion meas-
ures.lnaddilion,UNDPlearnedlheimporlanceolengaginglnancialseclors
inlo DPP planning processes lo lacililale lhe leveraging ol hard inveslmenls lo
implemenlDPPplans.Commilledlnancialresourcesareanimporlanlindica-
lor ol lhe progress in DPP.
UNDP has also learned lhe necessily ol counlry ownership ol DPP. lnlerven-
lions such as risk assessmenls require lhe engagemenl ol mulliple slakeholders,
so lhal lhey are nol laken purely as lechnical issues bul are linked wilh olher
counlry-level processes recognizing lhal lhere are polilical dimensions lhal
need lo be laken inlo consideralion lor risk assessmenls lo be uselul. lor exam-
ple,polilicaldecisionshaveanimpaclonwhelherlndingsolriskassessmenls
are laken inlo consideralion in lnancial allocalions and planning processes.
Ullimalely, )"*4+#2 "%4$#=A,G "E 7>> G#"D#100$= A1= A,DA$# )A14)$= "E
<$1&,4D +" &$-$<"G0$4+ =+#1+$D,$= +A1+ $EE$)+,-$<2 #$&*)$ <"==$=^
!"#$%&$'() +%,%-#!.%($ /"#. +'010$%"02 3(+!40 03!!#"$ $# $5% 56#)# /"1.%7#"8 /#" 1&$'#(
!0!
ll has also been shown lhal, lo lhe exlenl possible, 7>> G#"D#100$= =A"*<&
Z$ Z*,<+ ,4+" $(,=+,4D &$-$<"G0$4+ ,4=+#*0$4+=, such as UNDAls and local
developmenl plans, whilsl selling up parallel mechanisms and slralegies should
be avoided, as lhey can lead lo isolalion ol DPP programmes and limil lheir el-
lecliveness. lnlegraling DPP inlo exisling local and nalional developmenl slral-
egies increases lhe chances lhal developmenl will be more disasler-resilienl.
Disasler recovery processes need lo be conceived as opporlunilies lo improve
developmenl slralegies and slrenglhen resilience. Olherwise, inveslmenls lo
recover lrom disaslers rebuild lhe same exposure and vulnerabililies lhal caused
lhedisaslerinlhelrslplace.lnaddilion,wehaveseenhowrecoveryprocesses
can creale opporlune enlry poinls lo address key syslemic and cross-culling
issues, such as lhe promolion ol gender equalily, good governance and envi-
ronmenlal suslainabilily.
Lxperience has also shown lhal nalional-level progress does nol necessarily
lrickle down lo lhe local level as demonslraled by lhe 2004-lsunami, where
DPP syslems had been sel up al lhe nalional level in many counlries, yel lell
some local communilies unprepared. Achieving impacl on lhe vulnerabilily ol
communilies requires working al mulliple levels simullaneously wilh nalional
aulhorilies and communilies alike.
UNDP has also learned lhe value ol developing lailored approaches lo DPP pro-
gramming, which incorporale an underslanding ol counlry-specilc dynamics
and idenlily lhe mosl appropriale opporlunilies lor inlroducing DPP inlo gov-
ernance syslems and developmenl processes. Coordinaled approaches involv-
ing mulliple parlners, which allow lor drawing on mulliple areas ol experlise
lrom various sources lowards a common goal, resull in more comprehensive
programmes ol lhe scale and scope needed lo help counlries achieve subslan-
lial reduclions in losses. 8y working wilh parlners al lhe global, regional and
nalional levels, and conlinuously engaging local communilies, UNDP has been
able lo supporl more suslainable, locally-adapled risk-reduclion programmes.
Moreover, lhis approach allows lor lhe inlegralion ol emerging issues relaled lo
DPP and recovery, such as urban and climale risk managemenl.
!02
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Fb:\\'6]'/ 5678 !:F'/
Despile imporlanl lessons learned, lhere are numerous challenges lhal UNDP is
lacing lo increase lhe impacl ol ils DPP and recovery programmes.
While lhere is a growing consensus on lhe slrong inler-dynamics belween cli-
malechangeadaplalionandDPP,lheseneedlobelurlherclariled,concep-
lually and praclically. Counlry-level aclors are already working lo address dis-
asler risk and adapl lo climale change in an inlegraled way. However, lunding
slreams lor CCA and DPP, like lhose lor recovery and humanilarian response,
remain largely disassocialed. Yel, as we have learned, climale change is having
prolound impacls on lhe way we address DPP. Moreover, lrom lhe momenl
recovery begins lhere is a need lo slarl working on inlegraling DPP across
seclors and lo assisl longer lerm adaplalion. Climale adaplion lunds could
be beller largeled in lhis regard, serving a longer lerm risk-reducing purpose
immedialely aller disasler.
Anolher challenge UNDP laces is lhal a high inveslmenl in lime and resources
is needed in order lo build slrong parlnerships and consensus lor lhe successlul
developmenl ol risk assessmenls, DPP slralegies and policies. Yel lhis need lor
inveslmenl is nol always recognized nor priorilized, as resulls and impacl lrom
implemenled programmes are expecled promplly. UNDP needs lo beller com-
municale lhe value ol loslering lhese parlnerships lor lhe success ol lhe DPP
programmes UNDP and ils parlners supporl.
UNDP also needs lo beller arliculale lhese challenges lo donors and parlners,
making lhe case lhal DPP is above all a developmenl issue nol a one-lime re-
sponse and needs lo be lunded as such. Long-lerm lunding and parlnership
commilmenls are essenlial lo lhe successlul implemenlalion ol DPP programmes.
ln lhe area ol recovery, lhere is slill loo much locus on visible measures and
nol enough on reducing socio-economic vulnerabililies. Pe-building houses,
irrigalion syslems and dams, lo name a lew inlraslruclure-relaled examples,
is usually priorilized over rehabililaling livelihoods and public services such as
educalion. This challenge is linked lo lhe lacl lhal emergency response remains
loo disassocialed lrom longer lerm suslainable DPP and recovery. Despile lhe
knowledge lhal we can prepare lor recovery, preparedness capacilies remain
limiled and under-priorilized, and lunding lor capacily developmenl lor prepar-
edness and recovery is exlremely limiled.
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!03
\IIe36] :b':7
UNDPisalreadyworkingloaddresslhechallengesidenliled.Programmesin
counlries like 34&"4$=,1 and 34&,1 have a slrong locus on mainslreaming risk
reduclion measures across seclors. As ol 20!3, a number ol counlries are im-
plemenling comprehensive DPP programmes, including :EDA14,=+14[ :<Z1d
4,1, L14D<1&$=A[ e2#D2`=+14 and 6$G1<j while new programmes lhal seek
lo slrenglhen lhe linkages belween DPP and climale change are also increas-
ing, such as wilh lhe Pacic Risk ResiIience programme, lunded by AusAid,
which will seek lo slrenglhen governance mechanisms lor disaslers and climale
change in lour counlries ol lhe region.
ln lhe coming years, UNDP will conlinue lo be slrongly engaged in lhe global
debales on lhe posl-20!5 agenda, using ils knowledge and experlise UNDP
will advocale lor lhe inclusion ol DPP in developmenl lrameworks. UNDP will
conlinue lo emphasize parlnership building across seclors and regions, includ-
ing soulh-soulh cooperalion and knowledge sharing. Coing lorward, recovery
processes will remain an imporlanl area ol work, seizing lhe window ol oppor-
lunily presenled by disaslers lo build more resilienl socielies. UNDP will also
conlinue lo priorilize a comprehensive approach lo DPP and recovery, eslablish-
ing slronger linkages wilh developmenl programmes, arliculaling a clearer rela-
lionship wilh CCA inlervenlions, and mainslreaming gender issues, lo promole
slronger, disasler-resilienl nalional slralegies.
lollowing lhe 20!0 evalualion ol UNDP's conlribulion lo DPP, UNDP is working
on a counlry-locused DPP and CPM slralegy, as well as a UNDP slralegy lor
recovery. A Slralegic lramework, presenling lhe guiding objeclives and oulpuls
which UNDP seeks lo achieve in DPP and recovery, is also being developed.
These documenls place emphasis on lhe value ol long-lerm and suslained en-
gagemenl in counlries, supporled by comprehensive DPP programmes lhal in-
legrale CPM concerns. ln addilion, lhe upcoming UNDP Slralegic Plan (20!4-
20!7) slrongly emphasizes disasler reduclion and links il lo climale change
adaplalion,lurlherreinlorcingUNDP'scommilmenllolhisleldolwork.
UNDP's commilmenl and conlinued supporl lo DPP and recovery responds lo a
growing demand lrom lhe counlries where we work. As demonslraled by lhe
lalesl HlA moniloring counlry reporls, governmenls across regions are increas-
ingly making high-level policy commilmenls lo address DPP issues. Many ol lhe
mosl vulnerable counlries have by now pul in place lheir DPP relaled policy,
planning and regulalory lrameworks, eslablished lhe inslilulional mechanisms,
and are working lo beller inlegrale DPP and CCA-relaled policy concerns in
relevanl secloral policies and plans.
!04
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As ol early 20!3, UNDP was supporling DPP programmes wilh slrong CPM
componenls in 33 counlries. This growing nalional commilmenl and owner-
ship ol lhe DPP agenda presenls an opporlunily lo make larger inveslmenls lor
resilienl nalions lo prolecl lives and livelihoods lrom lhe impacl ol disaslers and
climale change.
Through ils DPP programmes and building on pasl experience and resulls
achieved, UNDP will conlinue lo play a leadership role in slrenglhening lhe
DPP and recovery praclice, sharing experlise and knowledge while building on
lessons learned. UNDP will leverage ils exlensive nelwork ol parlnerships and
conlinue lo work alongside nalional governmenls lo supporl lheir abilily lo
undersland, communicale and reduce risk, and lo prepare lor and recover lrom
disaslers arising lrom lhe risk lhal remains.
|a|||an s|uden| p|an|s a |ree as par| o| a re|ores|a||on projec|. 1rees he|p m|||a|e d|sas|ers oy prov|d|n
pro|ec||on |o wea|her even|s and preven||n so|| eros|on.
Credil. Logan Abassi/UN pholo
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!05
Acronyms
:/'K: Aqaba Special Lconomic Zone Aulhorily, Jordan
:5>:6 Alrican Urban Pisk Analysis Nelwork
:*=:37 Auslralian Covernmenl Overseas Aid Programme
L68L Nalional Disasler Managemenl Agency, lndonesia
F:7>3 Capacily lor Disasler Peduclion lnilialive
FF: Climale Change Adaplalion
FF= Clusler Coordinalors
F7J8 Comprehensive Disasler Managemenl Programme, 8angladesh
FJF Crisis Managemenl Cenlre
FJF Crisis Managemenl Cenlre, Macedonia
F>: Communily Pisk Assessmenl
F>J Climale Pisk Managemenl
F>J3 Caribbean Pisk Managemenl lnilialive
F>JdB:/8 Climale Pisk Managemenl Technical Assislance Supporl Projecl
71\: Damage, Loss Needs Assessmenl
7JF Dislricl Managemenl Commillees, lndia
7>> Disasler Pisk Managemenl
7>>8 Disasler Pisk Managemenl Programme, lndia
7>> Disasler Pisk Peduclion
'FbI Luropean Commission lor Humanilarian Aid and Civil Proleclion
'F\:F Lconomic Commission lor Lalin America and lhe Caribbean
'FI@:/ Lconomic Communily ol Wesl Alrican Slales
'J3 Larlhquakes and Megacilies lnilialive
'IF Lmergency Operalions Cenlre
'> Larly Pecovery
'>:= Larly Pecovery Advisers
!06
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'>>8 Larlhquake Pisk Peduclion and Pecovery Preparedness Programme
]'! Clobal Lnvironmenl lacilily
]!7>> Clobal lacilily lor Disasler Peduclion and Pecovery
]\I! Clacial Lake Oulbursl llood
]>38 ClobalPiskldenlilcalionProgramme
b!: Hyogo lramework lor Aclion
b>6: Human Pecovery Needs Assessmenl
3!>F lnlernalional lederalion ol lhe Ped Cross
36]F Nalional Disasler Managemenl lnslilule, Mozambique
3/7> lnlernalional Slralegy lor Disasler Peduclion
J7]= Millennium Developmenl Coals
J"'/ Minislry ol Lmergency Silualions, Armenia
67J: Nalional Disasler Managemenl Aulhorily
67I Nalional Disasler Observalory
67>FF Nalional Disasler Pisk Peduclion Cenlre ol China
67>>8 Nalional Disasler Pisk Managemenl Plan, Solomon lslands
67>>/ Nalional Disasler Pisk Managemenl Slralegy, Tajikislan
IFb: UniledNalionsOllcelorlheCoordinalionolHumanilarianAllairs
876:= Posl Disasler Needs Assessmenls
/F7>> Saler Communilies lhrough Disasler Pisk Peduclion, lndonesia
/6]> Nalional Secrelarial lor Pisk Managemenl, Lcuador
/5d//F UNDP Special Unil lor Soulh-Soulh Cooperalion
5'a8 UrbanLarlhquakeVulnerabililyProjecl,lndia
56 'F\:F UN Lconomic Commission lor Lalin America and lhe Caribbean
56 ]: UN Ceneral Assembly
563/7> Secrelarial ol lhe UN lnlernalional Slralegy lor Disasler Peduclion
567:! UN Developmenl Assislance lramework
567] Uniled Nalions Developmenl Croup
5678 Uniled Nalions Developmenl Programme
5>J Urban Pisk Managemenl
5/:37 Uniled Slales Agency lor lnlernalional Developmenl
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!07
Acknowledgmenls
The Disasler Pisk Peduclion and Pecovery Team, under lhe 8ureau lor Crisis Prevenlion
andPecoveryinUNDPNewYork,coordinaledlheprocessoldevelopmenlandrelne-
menl ol analysis lor lhe reporl. We are parlicularly gralelul lo Clara Podriguez Pibas lor
lhe desk review, analysis and wriling ol lhe reporl, and lo Carl Mercer lor lhe reporl
review and ediling.
The complelion ol lhis reporl was possible lhanks lo lhe conlribulions and lechnical
inpulolcurrenlandlormerUNDPslalllromacrossCounlryOllces,Pegional8ureaus
and HQ unils. Special lhanks go lo lhe lollowing UNDP slall lor lheir insighllul conlri-
bulions and commenls lhroughoul lhe reporl wriling process. Cecilia Aipira, Ceraldine
8ecchi, Cilles Chevalier, Tom Delrue, Maxx Dilley, Armen Crigoryan, Pablo Puiz Hiebra,
Pajeevlssar,SannyPamosJegillos,SluarlKellord,KamalKishore,ChiaraMellucci,Pila
Missal, Zubair Murshed, Li Peng, Angelika Planilz, Jo Scheuer, Michael Thurman, Carlos
Villacis,andPhilippeWealer.
We are parlicularly gralelul lor lhe inpuls provided lhrough lhe porllolio analysis con-
ducledbyAzinAliabadi,Pichard8amlo,MaxxDilley,VeronicaCrasso,UlhiraPavikumar,
andJianpingYang.WeexlendspecialapprecialionloDamianKean,MaureenLynch,Leilei
Phyu,MoisesVenancioandSelhVordzorgbe,whoprovidedvaluableinpulsininilialdralls
and design ol lhe reporl.
Aboveall,wewanllolhankbolhUNDPslallinCounlryOllces,aswellaskeyparlners
inlernalionally, regionally and al counlry level, who inspire us every day wilh lheir com-
milmenlsandenlhusiasm.WeespeciallylhanklheUNDPCounlryOllceleamsinAr-
menia, Lcuador, lndia, lndonesia and Mozambique lor lhe subslanlive inpuls provided.
Empowered lives.
Resilient nations.

Empowered lives.
Resilient nations.
United Nations Development Programme
Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery
One United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA
www.undp.org/cpr