Doctor Who 0

1. Are the editorial cartoons an important part of the publication? How so?
2. What is the role of the editorial cartoons in society (especially in the univ
ersity setting), considering the Collegian's unique advocacy stands?
3. What does the Collegian aim to achieve with the publication of its editorial
cartoons, especially among its readers? (entertainment, aggression-reduction, ag
enda-setting, framing? formation of social opinion, eventual action) Are these
aims met?
4. Do you think the readers of the Collegian perceive the editorial cartoons of
the Collegian as effective tools of social commentary? Or, if not social comment
ary, what else?
5.
determine if
Readers notice ECs
Readers understand ECs
Readers like ECs
Preferences
Readers perceive ECs as effective media (in the context of delivering social com
mentary)
What effects?
Readers believe ECs to have an effect in society.
What effects? (outrage? action / mere skepticism? formation of social opinion =
reinforcement of existing POV or change?)
Icons - symbols representing objects
Panel -
Multimodality - the use of several modes or media to create a single artifact
artifact - anything created by humans which gives information about the culture
of its creator and users
Mode - a socially and culturally shaped resource for making meaning.
Modal resource - the historical and cultural position of the mode; the breakdown
of the mode into parts, with its each distinct potentials and limitations for m
eaning (
Medium - the substance in which meaning is realized and through which it become
s available to others. Mediums include video, image, text, audio
Implicature - the act of meaning or implying one thing by saying something else,
or the object of that act.
Caricature - distorted portraiture that emphasizes the characteristic traits of
an individual.
CEGP. (2014). History. Accessed 06 October 2014 from www.cegp.org/aboutceg/histo
ry.
, an offshoot of da Vincis studies on the ideal type of deformity or the grotesque
(_______, _______;
If the primary role of the news media is to provide a check on power, cartooning
is often its most potent weapon. Free from the normal rules of reportage, cartoo
nists dont have to provide evidence, be reasonable, or even offer balanced and co
nstructive opinion. They can be as infantile, subversive, absurd, or ridiculous
as they wish [O]ur cartoonists, in the main, exhibit a strong sense of injustice
and seem to follow a few simple rules: cut to the truth; avoid worthiness and s
elf-importance; dont attack the weak; and always hold the powerful to account . Bu
t the first rule, of course, is to be funny if we dont laugh it hasnt worked. (Rad
cliffe, 2004)
One by one they make you laugh or wince appropriately at the foibles or hypocrisi
es of politicians, but taken as a whole the commentary is very, very negative. T
hey give such an unrelievedly bleak picture of politicians and the whole politic
al process. I started to think about the impact of cartoons on the popular perce
ption of Australian politics, and I was a little disturbed by what I was thinkin
g. The problem is not with individual cartoons. No, the problem comes from a ste
ady diet, week after week, and year after year, of images of politicians as liar
s, cheats, compromisers and fools. Whereas other mass media journalists are expe
cted to report fairly objectively and without bias, there is no such expectation
for cartoonists. When I speak of bias here I dont mean a preference for the Libe
ral Party or the Labor Party. Most cartoonists make no distinction here. No, wha
t I mean by bias here is that virtually all the images of politicians and politi
cs are negative. It is almost impossible to find a cartoon that says something p
ositive about politics. In general, I believe that the lampooning of politicians
does much more good than harm. There is a great democratic value in satire. Yet
, I do think that the social pressures all added together are dangerously negati
ve about the profession of politics. Where are the balancing positive images? Th
ey are not going to come from cartoonists, because images of honourable politici
ans are not funny, and unfunny drawings will not be published (Hogan, 2003).
In our view, cartoonists pose no significant threat to public confidence in the i
nstitutions of liberal democracy. Our research indicates that cartoons may contr
ibute to public opinion among those who read the editorial pages, but they are n
ot a large direct influence. Cartoons mainly reinforce strongly held views rathe
r than sway opinion immediately; they may also influence the climate of opinion
among newspaper readers over time. Their constant effect is to maintain public s
cepticism about the motivations and spin of politicians, and while Hogan clearly
believes that this effect too often slips over into the sponsorship of cynicism
, we think this more of a benefit than a risk. The contention that political car
toonists should be more balanced and temperate in their work both exaggerates th
eir influence and misconstrues the purpose of their art This attitude underestim
ates the capacity of citizens to recognise satire as the hyperbolic form of poli
tical commentary that it is. Very little would be gained and a significant eleme
nt of the free press would be lost if we sought to put conditions on cartoonists
licence to mock (Manning and Phiddian 2004).
Caricature as a Western discipline goes back to Leonardo da Vinci's artistic exp
lorations of "the ideal type of deformity"-- the grotesque--, which he used to b
etter understand the concept of ideal beauty.
Lawate, M. M. (2012). Importance of Political Cartoons to Newspapers. Department
of Media Studies Christ University. Bangalore, India.
is a visual medium that engages the audience, helps them understand and interpre
t the political, social and economic scene in the country and the world
are often slapstick and exaggerated, yet aim at making a realistic appeal. To so
me cartoons appear silly and as underplaying the severity of a situation, howeve
r it is actually to establish the severity of the same.
caricature, which parodies the individual, and allusion, which creates the situa
tion or context into which the individual is placed.
Burack, J. (2011). "Teaching materials." Retrieved from <http://teachinghistory.
org/teaching-materials/teaching-guides/21733>.
offer intriguing and entertaining insights into the public mood, the underlying
cultural assumptions of an age, and attitudes toward key events or trends of the
times.
e a great insight into understanding the past, he says that history teachers can
depend on them for teaching students historical contexts.
most adults do not understand the depths of this art form and treat it yet anoth
er comic strip
more than just comic relief but as a smart and safe way of putting across a cert
ain issue.
Navasky, V. (2011). ?Why are political Cartoons incendiary? New York Times.
speaks of how political cartoons are although considered harmless are often caus
e for highly violent reactions by the people.
violent reaction is psychoanalytic
?neuroscientists tell us that if we want to understand our emotional reaction t
o what we see, we have to understand the brain, its right (emotional) and left (
rational) spheres and how the visual stimulus passes on the information to the r
egion called the amygdala, the brains so-called fear center.?
Goertel, T. and Burrack
symbolism
even when people are unsure of how they feel and are unable to decide on the c
ognitive perspective of their take on issues, studies have indicated a certain l
evel of emotional response to the issue at hand
high frequency of emotional symbolism, as defined by DeMause's theory, in edito
rial cartoons. He states that emotional appeal is what gives editorials its all
important ?edge?. (Ted)
Cartoonists are not comedians. They are people who make a difference in the commu
nity (Frank Swoboda1, 2003)
Frank Swoboda, President of the Herblock Foundation, made this comment in panel
session at the 2003 convention of the Association of American Editorial Cartoon
ist on June 20, 2003.
genre of political cartoons as an important medium of formation and building of
public opinion on salient political and social issues (Evertte, 1974, Vinson, 1
967, Abraham, 2009)
According to Caswell (2004), political cartoons are considered as both opinion-m
olding and opinion reflecting (p.14).
e media scholars have started to pay attention on cartoon research as a powerful
medium of communication.
Inge(1990) writes that
Cartoons introduced generations of readers to symbolic ways of addressing the co
ntinuing the problems of society and the philosophic questions of mankind.[They
please] our visual sensibilities by bringing to life the kinds of dramatic conf
licts that enable us to work out vicariously our internal frustration.
Coupe (1969), like all the journalists, the cartoonist is concerned with the cre
ation and manipulation of public opinion(p.82) because cartoon provides the safe
platform for social commentary to express opinions and raises the voices of publ
ic(Ashfaq, 2008).
affects on the image of politicians on readers mind. The impact may be favorable
or unfavorable to the politicians
Medhurst, D. (1982).
Editorial cartoons have four main basic functions in social life (Medhur
st, 1982) : entertainment, aggression-reduction, agenda-setting and framing.
entertainment - possess the ability to make readers laugh at difference scenari
os and personalities
aggression-reduction - provide readers a place of catharsis and avenue to redu
ce their frustration and annoyance regarding certain situations
agenda-setting - set a stance in amusing manner
framing - provide specific frames about a certain issues in limited space and
single configurations

Ashfaq, A. and Hussein, A. B. (2013). Political Cartoonists versus Readers: Role
of political cartoonists in Building Public Opinion and Readers' Expectations t
owards Print Media Cartoons in Pakistan. Mediterranean Journal of Social Science
s. MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy. 4(3).
Table 1. Effectiveness of Cartoon Communication
1. Editorial cartoons are an important part of the newspaper.
2. Editorial cartoons is an effective way of communication.
3. Political cartoons play any role as a source of opinion building and influenc
e on pre-existing images
4. Editorial cartoons in Pakistan only used to make fun of politicians.
5. The trend criticizing in political cartoons of Pakistan is healthy and constr
uctive.
6. Political cartoons in Pakistan are biased.
7. Political Cartoons are used topromoteany individual or issue.
8. Caption is importamt to help in understanding the message of cartoon in Pakis
tani newspapers.
9. Pakistani political cartoonists are following journalistic ethics.
10. Political cartoons in Pakistani newspapers are fulfilling the readers expecta
tions
Kress, G. and van Leeuwen, T. (2001). Multimodal Discourse: The Modes and Media
of Contemporary Communication. Oxford UK: Oxford University Press. 1-2.
Kondowe, W., Ngwira, F. F. and Madula, P. (2014). Linguistic Analysis of Malawi
Political Newspaper Cartoons on President Joyce Banda: Towards Grices Conversatio
nal Implicature. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 7(1): _
-_
Radcliffe, R. (2004). Best Australian Political Cartoons of 2004. Scribe, Melbou
rne. 6.
Manning, H. and Phiddian, R. (2004). In defence of the cartoonists licence to mo
ck. Australian Review of Public Affairs. 5, 1(41).<www.australianreview.net>
Hogan, M. (2003). Perspective, ABC. <http://www.abc.net.au/rn/perspective/storie
s/2003/894740.htm>
Adejuwon, A. and Alimi, S. (2011). Cartoons as illustration: Political process i
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Olowolayemo, F. (2013). Verisimilitude in Editorial Cartoons from Punch Newspape
r: A Pragmatics Analysis. Language in India, 13 (5): 43-63.
Nyoni, M., Grand, N. and Nyoni, T. (2012). Beyond The Humour: a Newspaper Cartoo
n as Socio-Politico-Economic Commentary: The Case of 'Wasu' of the Manica Post i
n Zimbabwe. Greener Journal of Social Science, 2(6): 179-190.
Sani, I., et. al. (2012). Political Cartoons as a Vehicle of Setting Social Agen
da: The Newspaper Example. Asian Social Science, 8 (6):156-164.
Sterling, C. (2009). Encyclopedia of journalism. Thousand Oaks. Sage Publication
s, Inc.
Katz, H. (2004). A historic look at political cartoons. Nieman Reports.
Linus, A. (2009). Effectiveness of Cartoons as a Uniquely Visual Medium for Orie
nting Social Issues. Journalism and Communication Monographs.
Grice, H. P. (1989). Studies in the Ways of Words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univer
sity Press. pp. 269282.
Jimoh, G. A. (). The Role of Editorial Cartoons in The Democratisation Process i
n Nigeria: A Study of Selected Works of Three Nigerian Cartoonists
lent
cruz
cleaver
randels
dennings
Olaniyan (2000)
common features: good grasp of social affairs, clearly identifiable political is
sues and problems that are local and international, deft craftsmanship, snappy g
raphic language