AUTOMOTIVE

AUTOMOTIVE
ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
(MFGE 425)
(MFGE 425)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Serhat ERPOLAT
ATILIM UNIVERSTY
2007-Fall
Basic Performance
Basic Performance
Calculations
Calculations
-
-
3
3
Maximum speed & acceleration Maximum speed & acceleration
To specify the performance of a vehicle, quote:
The time required for some specified change of speed V
1
to V
2
as a measure of the acceleration performance
The maximum gradient that the vehicle can climb
The fuel consumption for given driving conditions
The maximum speed

=
2
1
V
V
n
eq
F
dV
m t
The time taken to reach velocity V
2
from velocity V
1
V
r
S i i
n
w
d t
e
=
Engine speed in terms of vehicle velocity, S being slip factor
e
e
w
d t t
T
n
P
r
i i
F

=
Tractive effort in terms of engine power & speed
3 2
e e e e
n C n B n A P

+

=
Engine power in terms of engine speed using
correct toque peak approximation
Maximum speed & acceleration Maximum speed & acceleration
Correct torque peak approximation
= n
1
/n
2
Tractive effort in terms of
vehicle speed
Resistance to motion:
Rolling resistance, Gradient resistance,
Air resistance
F
n
= F
T
- (R
r
+ R
g
+ R
a
)
Net tractive effort
Maximum speed & acceleration Maximum speed & acceleration
3 2
2
1
a V a V a F
n
+ + =
f D
w
d t
t
A C K C
r
i i
S a

|
|

\
|
=
(

3
2
2
1
kph
N

W b B
r
i i
S a
w
d t
t
*
2
2
kph
N

|
|

\
|
=
(

[ ] ( )

sin N
*
3
+

|
|

\
|
= a W A
r
i i
a
w
d t t
The net tractive effort as a function of vehicle velocity: The net tractive effort as a function of vehicle velocity:
5
th
4
th
3
th
2
th
1
th
Gradients:
% 0-5-15-30-69
Tractive effort (kN)
Resistive force (kN)
Tractive effort curves: Tractive effort curves:
Max. speed for each gear except the top gear
(mechanically limited)
Max. speed for passanger cars
(power limited)
An emprical equation for the max. speed
for a medium size passanger car
Maximum speed: Maximum speed:
= n
1
/n
2
[ ] ( )

sin N
*
3
+
|
|

\
|
= a W A
r
i i
a
w
d t t
( )( ) width Max height Max . A
f
. . 8 0
|

\
|

|
|

\
|
=
W
W
K K
p
p
K K a a
R
R
ref 2 1 2 1
*
W b B
r
i i
S a
w
d t
t
*
2
2
kph
N

|
|

\
|
=
(

f D
w
d t
t
A C K C
r
i i
S a
|
|

\
|
=
(

3
2
2
1
kph
N

Acceleration Performance: Acceleration Performance:

Acceleration vs. Elasticity
Acceleration performance:
The time required to accelerate
from zero to some reference speed
(usually 100 kph for cars).
Elasticity:
The time required to accelerate
from a lower reference speed to a
higher speed (usually 40-100kph
for cars)
Elasticity: Elasticity: