TKE474

High Voltage Engineering ~High Voltage Engineering~

HighVoltageTesting g g g
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HighVoltageTestingPhilosophy HighVoltageTestingPhilosophy
Dielectric/insulationmaterialshouldpossess
d l d goodinsulatingpropertiesoverawiderange
ofoperationparameters.
HighVoltagetestsareappliedtodetermine
theabilityoftheinsulationtomeetits theabilityoftheinsulationtomeetits
designrequirements
h h l l Toensurethattheelectricalequipments
arecapableofwithstandingthe
l h h
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overvoltages thataremetwithinservice.
PurposeoftheHighVoltageTesting PurposeoftheHighVoltageTesting
Coversbasicrequirementsproceduresfor
l l l testingonseveralelectricalapparatus.
Normally,highvoltage(HV)testingisto
h l f investigatetheinsulationperformance
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Forcustomer:Todemonstratethattheapparatus
hasmettheguaranteedspecificationsofdielectric hasmettheguaranteedspecificationsofdielectric
strength.
Formanufacturer:Tocheckonthedesign,a
determinationofthestrengthofthematerialsand
id t th d l t fb tt i t aguidetothedevelopmentofbetterequipment.
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l f f ClassificationofTests
I.RoutineTest I.RoutineTest
Madebythemanufactureroneveryfinished
pieceofproducttomakesuchthatitfulfillsthe
specifications.Itcanbepartofthe
manufacturingprocess.
E l fR ti t t o ExamplesofRoutinetest:
Powerfrequencyovervoltagetestforinsulation,
i e Oneminutepowerfrequencyvoltage i.e.Oneminutepowerfrequencyvoltage
withstandtest.Thisisperformedoneveryunit
atthemanufacturersfactoryandpossibleafter
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y p
receiptoftheunitbythepurchaser.
II.TypeTest
Performedoneachtypeofinsulatorsbeforetheir
supplyonageneralcommercialscalesoasto supplyonageneralcommercialscalesoasto
demonstratetheperformancecharacteristics
meetingtheintendedapplication g pp
Thesetestsneednotberepeatedunlesschangesare
d i th d i fth d t madeinthedesignoftheproduct
o ExamplesofTypetest:
Drylightningimpulsevoltagewithstandtest Drylightningimpulsevoltagewithstandtest
Wetswitchingimpulsevoltagewithstandtest
WetACvoltagewithstandtest
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III.Sample/SpecialTest
Thistestwhichisperformedtocheckinsulation
behaviorundercertainextreme behaviorundercertainextreme
o ExamplesofSample/Specialtest: p p / p
Soundleveloftransformer
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HVStandard HVStandard
StandardonHVistheguidanceontheprinciples
d d f ti i l i ll ti andcodeofpracticeinvolvingallgeneration,
procedures,installation,manufactures,testingand
calibration.
Coveringtherequirementsregardingdesign,quality
ofmaterial,installation,etc.
P id i id t t t i t ll Providemaximumguidancetoprotectagainstall
thedamagingeffectofhighvoltage.
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StandardrelatedtoHVtesting StandardrelatedtoHVtesting
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TestonInsulator TestonInsulator
I.PowerFrequencyDryandWetFlashoverTests
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II.TestswithImpulseVoltages II.TestswithImpulseVoltages
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ImpulseWithstandVoltageTest ImpulseWithstandVoltageTest
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ImpulseFlashoverTest ImpulseFlashoverTest
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BasicSwitchingImpulseInsulationLevel(BSL)
TheBSL istheelectricalstrengthofinsulation
expressedintermsofthecrestvalueofastandard
it hi i l Th t ti ti lBSL i l ti switchingimpulse.ThestatisticalBSL, insulation
exhibitsa90%probabilityofwithstandsa10%
probabilityoffailure InIEEEStd1313 11996 the probabilityoffailure.InIEEEStd1313.11996,the
BSL iscalledtheswitchingimpulsewithstand
voltage. g
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BasicLightningImpulseInsulationLevel(BIL)
TheBIL orbasiclightningimpulseinsulationlevelis
th l t i l t th fi l ti di t theelectricalstrengthofinsulationexpressedinterms
ofthecrestvalueofthestandardlightningimpulse.
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ImpulseInsulationStrength
Insulationstrengthisexpressedintermsof
conventionalorstatisticalBILsandBSLs.
Foreveryapplicationofanimpulsehavingthe
standardwaveshape andwhosecrestisequaltothe
h b b l f fl h f l BILorBSL,theprobabilityofaflashoverorfailureis
10%.
Themeanofthisdistributionorcharacteristicis Themeanofthisdistributionorcharacteristicis
definedasthecriticalflashovervoltageorcritical
flashover(CFO).
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as o e (C O).
ImpulseInsulationStrength
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l l h ImpulseInsulationStrength
Forthetransmissionlineinsulationstrengthis Forthetransmissionlineinsulationstrengthis
usuallystatisticallydescribedbyaCFOvoltageat
whichtheinsulationexhibitsa50%probabilityof
flashoverandbyastandarddeviation whichis
approximately5%oftheCFO (IEEEStd.62.22,1997)
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Standard withstand voltage for 15kV< V
m
242 kV
(IEEE Std1313.1, 1996) ( S , )
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