S S

Sheet: Introduction
File: 246709549.xls.ms_office
Page 1 of 41
Simulating Inventory Control with Orders that Cross during Lead Time
sS.xls Version 1.5 03/18/2010
John.O.McClain@cornell.edu
Johnson Graduate School of Management
Cornell University
Ithaca NY 14853
This workbook is intended for teaching or research. You are welcome to use it in any manner,
and change it as you see fit. It comes without any guarantee whatsoever, and is distributed
free of charge. Changes are frequent, so check back frequently for a new version.
Most inventory control systems use a formula for lead-time demand to set safety stock levels.
Research has uncovered situations where that method leads to large and expensive errors.*
In particular, if replenishment orders might not arrive in the same order in which they are placed, then
the above method will leave you with too much inventory if your objective is a high level of protection,
and too little inventory if you are aiming to run out of stock frequently. That is, the variance of the
inventory level is smaller than the variance of lead-time demand.
*See Robinson, L.R, J.R. Bradley and L.J. Thomas, "Consequences of Order Crossover under
Order-up-to Inventory Policies." M&SOM Manufacturing and Service Operations Management ,
Volume 3, No. 3 (2001), pp.175-188.
This workbook contains a macro, written in Visual Basic, that allows you to simulate the inventory control
system known variously as the Min-Max system, the (s,S) system, or the reorder-level, order-up-to system.
Two versions are available in the simulation:
> Periodic review: orders may be placed only at specific points of time, such as daily or weekly.
> Continuous review: orders are placed instantly, as soon as inventory reaches the reorder level.
In both cases, the state of the system is tracked at all times, so that accurate costs may be calculated.
The word "order" refers to an action taken to replenish the supply of an item that is stocked in inventory
and sold to customers. The word "demand" refers to a customer wanting to buy one unit of the item.
A "backorder" is an unsatisfied demand for which the customer will take delivery at a later time.
The simulation assumes that all customers are willing to wait if their demand is backordered.
The simulation allows orders to cross. It assumes that the lead time of one order is independent of
that for any other order, and therefore crossing occurs whenever the lead time for an order is longer
than the interval between orders plus the lead time for the next order.
Please note that the independence assumption is not true in some real circumstances. For example,
if both orders are shipped by rail, and if one freight car cannot pass another, the orders cannot cross.
However, in that case lead times are also not independent, but rather are positively correlated, so
models that assume independence (i.e. most inventory models) are also incorrect.
Sheet: Introduction
Page 2 of 41
Contents: These are the sheets in this workbook.

Introduction (this sheet), with the following sections:
1. Measuring Inventory and Shortages at Time of Delivery
(a) Shortfall below Reorder Level at Delivery: Shortfall@Deliv
(b) Distribution of Shortfall@Delivery if Orders do not Cross
(i) Continuous Review
(ii) Periodic Review
2. Inventory and Shortages at Any Time
(a) Shortfall below Order-up-to Level
(b) Average Inventory and Shortages
3. Cost of Inventory, Backorders and Ordering:
4. Optimization
Simulate where you set up the model and run the simulation.
Here is where you input your data, as follows.
In Cell C8, check the box if you want periodic review. Uncheck for continuous review.
In Cell C15, enter Q, which is the minimum order size. It is the gap between s and S
In cell F8, if you want Gamma IDT, check the box. Uncheck for discrete IDT.
IDT = Inter-Demand Time, the time between occurrences of demand.
Gamma will give a smooth, continuous distribution. Discrete allows only a few values.
If you use Gamma IDT, put the mean and standard deviation of IDT in cells F11 and F12.
These statistics determine the average rate of demand. To convert demand rates into
IDT rates, use the "conversion formulas" by entering demand data in cells L17 and N17.
The resulting IDT stats are in L18 and N18: enter them in F11 and F12.
If you use Discrete IDT, put the possible IDT values in cells E16 to E22,
and the corresponding probabilities in cells F16 to F21. NOTE: cell F22 is
computed automatically so that the probabilities add to 1.0.
The mean and standard deviation of IDT will then show in cells F23 and f24.
In cell I8, if you want Gamma IDT, check the box. Uncheck for discrete IDT.
LT = Lead Time, the time between placing an order and receiving the goods.
Gamma will give a smooth, continuous distribution. Discrete allows only a few values.
If you use Gamma LT, put the mean and standard deviation of LT in cells I11 and I12.
If you use Discrete LT, put the possible LT values in cells H16 to H22,
and the corresponding probabilities in cells I16 to I21. NOTE: cell I22 is
computed automatically so that the probabilities add to 1.0.
The mean and standard deviation of IDT will then show in cells I23 and I24.
This completes the Data Input. However, before you make a run, you must specify
Runin Periods in cell C20 (how long to run the model before beginning data collection), and
Run Periods in cell C21 (how long to continue the model while collecting data).
Graphs
where simulation results are displayed in detail for any run stored on the Data sheet.
Trace
where the first part of the most recent simulation run is shown in a table and a graph.
Data
where the results of all simulation runs are stored, until you erase them.
Other sheets in this book, if any, may contain data and graphs from previous simulation experiments.
1. Measuring Inventory and Shortages at Time of Delivery:

s reorder level, or Min
S order-up-to level, or Max
Q S-s
Inv On-hand inventory

BO Number of units backordered to customers
NetInv = Inv - BO (can be positive or negative)
Sheet: Introduction
L
D
mL, VarL
mD, VarD
Page 3 of 41
A value of lead time

InvPosition NetInv + Outstanding Orders
A value of one-period demand
DL Demand that occurs during lead time
Average & Variance of L
mDL, VarDL Average & Variance of DL
Average & Variance of D
(a) Shortfall below Reorder Level at Delivery: Shortfall@Deliv

Protection against shortages focuses attention on inventory at the time a replenishment order
arrives. Safety stock governs the likelihood that backorders will exist at that instant.
In the simulation, @Deliv refers to events that happen just before replenishments occur.
However, rather than tracking inventory, which can be positive or negative, the simulation monitors
"Shortfall below s at delivery," defined as
1) Shortfall@Deliv = s - NetInv@Deliv at the time (just before) replenishment occurs.
This is a non-negative variable since net inventory is at or below the reorder level, s , whenever any
order is outstanding (i.e. not yet received.)
From Shortfall@Deliv we may compute certain performance measures:
2) NetInv@Deliv = s - Shortfall@Deliv
3) Inv@Deliv = MAX(0, s - Shortfall@Deliv )
4) BO@Deliv = MAX(0, Shortfall@Deliv - s ) = Inv@Deliv - s + Shortfall@Deliv
5) P(BO@Deliv >0) = P( Shortfall@Deliv > s )
The latter may also be expressed as a rate, although the meaning is a little confusing. It is NOT the
rate at which backorders occur, but rather "occurrences per unit time" of the joint event
"replenishment arrives, backorders exist," or "replenishment arrives too late to prevent backorders."
That event is denoted "BO@Deliv>0 " and its occurrence rate is
6) Rate(BO@Deliv>0 ) = P( Shortfall@Deliv > s )(Replenishment Orders Per Unit Time )
(b) Distribution of Shortfall@Delivery if Orders do not Cross
The following gives the classical argument for the distribution of shortfall, assuming that orders do
not cross, and also assuming that lead times are independent, two assumptions which are convenient
but contradictory. These numbers may be compared to the actual values from the simulation to see
how much is lost if the classical rules are used.
With no order crossing, when an order arrives, all prior replenishment orders have already arrived,
and no subsequent ones have. At the time that order was placed, Inventory Position included the prior
orders, so to compute inventory at delivery, we only have to account for the demand that occurs in the
lead time (or lag time) between placing and receiving the order. That is,
7) NetInv@Deliv = InvPosition@Ordering - DL and
8) Shortfall@Deliv = s - InvPosition@Ordering + DL if orders do not cross (substitute 7 into 1).
(i) Continuous Review
Under continuous review, an order is placed the instant that inventory position reaches the reorder
level. That is,
9) InvPosition@Ordering = s for continuous review, so
10) Shortfall@Deliv = DL for continuous review if orders do not cross
(substitute 9 into 8).
Shortfall@Deliv
equals
lead-time
demand
for
continuous
review,
if
orders
do
not
cross.
>>
The probability that backorders occur before an order arrives is
11) P(BO@Deliv >0) = P( DL > s )
The following formulas assume that Lead Times are independent and identically distributed, and that
Sheet: Introduction
Page 4 of 41
the same is true for Demands, and that Lead Times are independent of Demands. They are, in fact, the
well-known formulas for the mean and variance of lead-time demand.
12) E[Shortfall@Deliv ] = mD mL and
2
13) Var[Shortfall@Deliv ] = mL VarD + mD VarL for continuous review if orders do not cross.
(ii) Periodic Review

Under periodic review, inventory position can reach the reorder point at a time t that is before the end
of the period, so inventory position will be at or below the reorder point when the order is placed.
If t is at the end of the period, the order is placed at the instant that the reorder level is reached.
If t is just after the beginning of the period, a one-period demand occurs before ordering.
This leads to the following inequality:
14) s - D InvPosition@Ordering s
Substituting 14 into 8,
15) DL Shortfall@Deliv DL + D = DL+1 for periodic review if orders do not cross.
>> Shortfall@Deliv is between the demand during lead time and the demand during one period longer
than lead time, if orders do not cross. Also, because the probability above s is a nonincreasing
function of s ,
16) P(DL > s ) P(Shortfall@Deliv >s ) P( DL + D' - 1> s ) , and so
17) P(DL > s ) P(BO@Deliv >0) P( DL + D' - 1> s )
The expected value of 15 yields
18) mD mL Shortfall@Deliv mD (1+mL)
The arguments leading to equation 15 also yield a lower limit for the variance:
2
19) Var[Shortfall@Deliv ] mL VarD + mD VarL
The upper limit in equation 15 also yields a variance estimate, but it is not necessarily an upper limit:
2
20) Var[Shortfall@Deliv ] (1 + mL) VarD + mD VarL
2. Inventory and Shortages at Any Time

The simulation also measures the inventory level after every event. Inventory is constant between
events (by definition, since an event is defined as a change of state), so the distribution is
tabulated by accumulating the time that each state persists.
(a) Shortfall below Order-up-to Level
"Shortfall below S" is defined at every time in the simulation as
20) Shortfall = S - NetInv.
Notice that Shortfall uses a different reference point than Shortfall@Delivery, namely S rather
than s . This is necessary to avoid negative values.
From Shortfall , we may compute more performance measures:
21) NetInv = S - Shortfall.
22) Inv = MAX(0, S - Shortfall )
23) BO = MAX(0, Shortfall - S ) = Inv - S + Shortfall
24) P(BO >0) = P( Shortfall > S )
Since a demand is backordered if it arrives when inventory is zero, the average number of demands
backordered per unit time is
25) Rate(BO ) = P( Shortfall S )(Demand Rate )
We can also calculate the average time that a backorder endures which, according to Little's Law,
Sheet: Introduction
Page 5 of 41
is proportional to the average number of backorders waiting.

Average duration of a Backorder = (Average # Backordered)(Rate of Backorders Occuring)
26) Av(Wait per BO ) = Av(BO ){Av(DemandRate ) P{Shortfall S )}
If you want to include in this average the fact that many customers have zero backorder time, then
27) Av(Wait per Demand ) = Av(BO )Av(DemandRate ) (includes zero-length backorders.)
(b) Average Inventory and Shortages
Average inventory is greater when computed over time than when computed just before a delivery.
Inventory just before delivery can never be above the reorder point, whereas it can at other times.
The average inventory over time will include the "sawtooth pattern" commonly seen in textbooks,
caused by cycle stock represented by the order quantity. Therefore the exact theoretical expression
for average inventory and backorders is elusive, and I will not try to include it here. However the
simulation results yield averages from the distribution of Shortfall, using equations 22 through 25.
Sheet: Introduction
Page 6 of 41
3. Cost of Inventory, Backorders and Ordering:

The simplest model has linear inventory and backorder costs. However, what constitutes backorder
cost? There may be a cost per unit time for backorders, and a fixed cost whenever a backorder
occurs. There also might be a fixed cost per unit time that accrues as long as there are any
backorders. If the gap between s and S is changed, the number of orders placed will change, which
changes the cost of ordering. A model that covers all of these costs is
28) Average Cost per Period = C1 Av(Inv ) + C2 Av(BO ) + C3 mD P(BO 0)
+ C4 P(BO >0) + C5 Av(OrderRate)
4. Optimization
The value of Q (the gap between s and S ) is held constant during a simulation. (In fact, it operates as
if the order-up-to level were S =0 with reorder level s = -Q .) However, the output may be used
to represent any (s,S ) system that has S-s=Q . You can find the optimal value of s among all
systems that have the same Q as the one in your simulation, and then set S=s+Q .
On the Graphs sheet, an Excel Table calculates costs for a range of values of s . A graph shows the
results. You may input the first value of s and the interval between points. To home in on the
optimum, adjust the first value until the graph is U-shaped, and then lower the interval to 1.
However, the result is only optimal for the value of Q that you simulated. To find an overall
optimum, you must repeat the simulation for a series of values of Q , and use the table to find the
best reorder level for each Q . Record those values and select the one with lowest cost.
Sheet: Simulate
File 246709549.xls.ms_office
Page 7 of 41
Simulation of a Min-Max (s,S) Inventory System in Continuous Time: Discrete or Continuous Review
Continuous Review. Q=30, D=10, varD=10
Gamma InterDemandTime: Mu= 0.1, Std=0.1. Discrete LT: Mu= 3, Std=1.41
Change the design by entering numbers in the yellow boxes, and by checking or unchecking the selection boxes.
Current Simulation Design:
Type of Review
Periodic Review?
FALSE
Continuous Review
Order Quantity
Q = S-s
30
Run Controls
Runin Periods
5,000
Run Periods
50,000
RNSeed
5235
Simulate
Delete Old Data
Inter-demand time (IDT)

Gamma IDT?
TRUE
Gamma IDT
mean
0.1
StDev
0.100
Discrete IDT (not in use)
IDT
f(IDT)
0
0.5
0.033333333
0.066666667
0.1
0.133333333
0.166666667
0.2
0.5
mean
0.1
StDev
0.1
Lead Time (LT)

Gamma LT?
FALSE
Gamma LT (not in use)

mean
3
StDev 1.41421356
Discrete LT
LT
f(LT)
0
1
0.2
2
0.2
3
0.2
4
0.2
5
0.2
6
0
mean
3
StDev 1.41421356
Click here to view simulation results.

Click here to view graphs of the distributions
Theoretical Values
LTD
LTDem
LT
Inter-Demand Time
Demand/period
Mean
30.00
30.00
3.00
0.1
10.00
Conversion Formulas:
Mean
10
Demand per Period:
0.1
Inter-demand Time:
Inter-Demand Time
Demand/period
0.1
10
Var StDev
230.00 15.166
230.00 15.166
2.00 1.414
0.01 0.100
10.00 3.162
Var
10
0.01
StDev
3.1623
0.100
0.01
10
0.1
3.162
Sheet: Graphs
Page 8 of 41
Continuous Review, Q=30. D=10 (Var=10). Discrete LT: Mu= 3, Std=1.41

Gamma InterDemandTime: Mu= 0.1, Std=0.1 Crossings/Delivery=0.084
EOQ = 32
Min order Qty, Q = S-s = 30
Order-up-to level, S = 60
Number of columns of data available:

Use data in column number:
Reorder trigger level (to vary): s =
Links
2
2
30
View Performance Summary

View Graphs of Distributions
View Simulation Data
Go To Simulation Design
Choose your data set here
Set the Reorder Level here
Performance Statistics for

Shortfall
LTDem
LTDem
Shortfall Unit Costs
s=30, S=60
@Deliv.
Mean =
29.914
29.914
29.914
44.359
Variance = 228.594
192.355
228.594
268.229
E[Inventory] =
6.481
5.896
6.481
17.186
$
1.00 Inventory Cost per unit time
E[Backorders] =
6.395
5.809
5.395
1.545
$
9.00 Backorder Cost per unit time
P[Backorders>0] =
0.477
0.482
0.477
0.176
$
Cost whenever Backorders > 0
Backorder Rate =
0.159
0.160
0.159
1.924
$
Cost per unit Backordered
Demands=499094, Orders=16637, Periods=50000, Orders/Period=
0.333
$ 50.00 Fixed Cost of Ordering
For s=30, S=60, Total Cost per Unit Time = $ 47.73
Crossings=1392
Crossings per Delivery =
0.084
Analysis of Service Level Accuracy.
Using simulated distribution of:
LTDem
To achieve target probability, s=

S=s+Q:
Actual P(no BO@Deliv):
Actual P(no BO, time av.):
Predicted by LTD
Predicted by LT+1 Dem
55
85
0.971
0.997
0.956
0.956
Target Probability of No Backorders:

Shortfall
LTDem
Shortfall
@Deliv.
53
55
42
83
85
72
0.956
0.971
0.798
0.994
0.997
0.956
0.935
0.956
0.762
0.935
0.956
0.762
0.95
This target's meaning:

For "Shortfall",
it means "% of time during which
there are some backorders."
For "Shorfall@Delivery",
it means "% of orders for
which some backorders exist
when the order arrives."
Cost
Search for Minimum Cost Reorder Level (s) holding constant S-s=30
Make sure "Calculation" is set to "Automatic". If it is
not, then press F9 to recalculate the cost curve
whenever you change anything.
52
50
48
46
44
First value of s for the graph:

Interval between values:
0
20
40
Reorder Level, s
60
Minimum Cost = $45.26

at s =36, S =66
35
1
Graph of Cost vs s , starting at

this value, and incrementing by
this amount.
Sheet: Graphs
Page 9 of 41

Links
Graphs of Distributions for simulation run number 2

0.03
0.025
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005
0
LTDem
Shortfall @Deliv.
Change which simulation

is graphed by changing the
column number in cell G5.
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170
0.03
LTDem
0.025
Shortfall
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
LT: Mean = 3, CV = 0.471, Discrete

80
90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170

IDT: Mean = 0.1, CV = 1, Gamma
0.01 0.055
0.1
0.145 0.19 0.235 0.28
LTDem
Shortfall @Deliv.

1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
Shortfall
Cumulative Distributions
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170
Page Down for

cumulative
distributions
Sheet: Graphs
Page 10 of 41

Links
Description of Simulation Data being Viewed:
Inputs:
Runin Periods
5,000
Run Periods
50,000
30
Q = S-s
10
Exp. Demand
10
Var. Dmd (approx)
5235
RNSeed
FALSE
Periodic Review?
FALSE
Gamma LT?
TRUE
Gamma IDT?
0.1
Exp. Inter-Demand Time
0.1
StDev Inter-Demand Time
3
Exp. LT
StDev LT 1.41421356
30
Exp LTD
230
Var LTD
40
Exp D(LT+1)
240
Var D(LT+1)
Input Distributions: Below
Outputs:
SimTime
Demands
Orders
Deliveries
Crossings
Cross/Deliv

50,000
499,094
16,637
16,636
1,392
0.083674
Shortfall, Avg. 44.359368

Shortfall, var. 268.22924
Shortfall@Deliv. Avg. 29.913561
Shortfall@Deliv. var. 192.35463
LTD Avg. 29.913561
LTD var. 228.59412
Not Used 30.913561
Not Used 228.59412
Output Distributions: Farther Below
Inter-Demand Time Distribution: Ignore Discrete. Gamma used.

Distribution Actually Used:
Gamma Parameters: 1.000
0.100
IDT: Mean = 0.1, CV = 1, Gamma
Gamma IDT
f(IDT)
Gamma IDT
Discrete IDT
F(IDT)
f(IDT)
f(IDT)
0.000
0.500
0.500
0.010
9.048
0.010
9.048
0.033
0.500
0.000
0.055
5.769
0.055
5.769
0.067
0.500
0.000
0.100
3.679
0.100
3.679
0.100
0.500
0.000
0.145
2.346
0.145
2.346
0.133
0.500
0.000
0.190
1.496
0.190
1.496
0.167
0.500
0.000
0.235
0.954
0.235
0.954
0.200
1.000
0.500
0.280
0.608
0.280
0.608
Will Gamma overflow? FALSE
Lead Time Distribution: Ignore Gamma. Discrete used.
Distribution Actually Used:
Gamma Parameters: 4.500
0.667
LT: Mean = 3, CV = 0.471, Discrete
Gamma LTGamma f(LT)
Discrete LT
Discrete LTDiscrete F(LT)Discrete f(LT)
f(IDT)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.300
0.005
0.000
0.000
1.000
0.200
0.200
1.650
0.259
1.000
0.200
2.000
0.400
0.200
3.000
0.277
2.000
0.200
3.000
0.600
0.200
4.350
0.134
3.000
0.200
4.000
0.800
0.200
5.700
0.046
4.000
0.200
5.000
1.000
0.200
7.050
0.013
5.000
0.200
6.000
1.000
0.000
8.400
0.003
6.000
0.000
Will Gamma overflow? FALSE
Sheet: Trace
Theory
5020
5015
5010
5005
5000
5035
Shortfall
Leadtime Leadtime
Shortfall @ Delivery Demand
Demand
Mean
41.83
56.87
26.87
30.00
Variance
254.65
183.41
221.98
230.00
5030
442
15
14
1
30
10
10
5235
Continuous
Review.
Q=30: D=10, var=10: L= 3, Std=1.41
FALSE Continuous Review. Q=30: D=10,
var=10:
L= 3, Std=1.41
FALSE
TRUE
0
0.1
-10
-20
0.1
-30
3
-40
1.41421
-50
4995
Continuous time!
Q = S-s
Exp. Demand
Var. Dmd (approx)
RNSeed
Periodic Review?
Gamma LT?
Gamma IDT?
Exp. IDT
StDev IDT
Exp. LT
StDev LT
Partial Simulation Results

demands
orders placed
deliveries
Number of Crossings
5025
Order Crossing Simulation

(s, S) with S=0
Page 11 of 41
-60
-70
-80
Current Time 55.556
Period
5000
5000.173046
5000.205754
5000.310213
5000.382774
5000.467588
5000.623709
5000.908757
5001.043778
5001.11675
5001.309805
5001.342144
5001.393685
5001.549392
5001.549392
5001.62275
5001.763145
5001.844754
5002.349471
5002.437536
5002.549392
5002.598439
5002.611633
5002.669455
5002.676757
5002.690741
5002.693341
5002.729228
5002.731997
5002.941784
5002.961997
5003.179469
5003.222885
5003.468923
5003.502495
5003.523262
5003.73177
5003.769321
5003.826027
5004.162968
5004.17674
5004.181105
5004.183976
5004.191863
5004.236135
5004.496639
5004.496639
5004.744864
5004.901383
5005.085572
5005.234753
5005.471668
5005.488336
5005.496639
5005.507679
5005.648534
5005.679202
5005.735994
5005.811116
5005.857882
5005.958634
Dmd
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Arriving
Inventory
Order
Orders On-Hand On-Order Position Quantity
-48
30
-18
-49
30
-19
-50
30
-20
-51
30
-21
30
-21
0
-21
-22
0
-22
-23
0
-23
-24
0
-24
-25
0
-25
-26
0
-26
-27
0
-27
-28
0
-28
-29
0
-29
-30
0
-30
-30
30
0
30
-31
30
-1
-32
30
-2
-33
30
-3
-34
30
-4
-35
30
-5
30
-5
0
-5
-6
0
-6
-7
0
-7
-8
0
-8
-9
0
-9
-10
0
-10
-11
0
-11
-12
0
-12
-13
0
-13
-14
0
-14
-15
0
-15
-16
0
-16
-17
0
-17
-18
0
-18
-19
0
-19
-20
0
-20
-21
0
-21
-22
0
-22
-23
0
-23
-24
0
-24
-25
0
-25
-26
0
-26
-27
0
-27
-28
0
-28
-29
0
-29
-30
0
-30
-30
30
0
30
-31
30
-1
-32
30
-2
-33
30
-3
-34
30
-4
-35
30
-5
-36
30
-6
30
-6
0
-6
-7
0
-7
-8
0
-8
-9
0
-9
-10
0
-10
-11
0
-11
-12
0
-12
-13
0
-13
Lead
Time
Delivery
Period
- Leadtime Inv. before orders Order Pipeline, Arrival Times

Demand Delivery crossed
1
2
3
4
5
5000
-21
-51
1 5002.5494
-5
5003
5005
-35
1 5005.4966
-6
-36
Sheet: Trace
Period
5006.185391
5006.294004
5006.398898
5006.400871
5006.444422
5006.568489
5006.637815
5006.769622
5006.881362
5006.979882
5007.027178
5007.092416
5007.172431
5007.391184
5007.408501
5007.524233
5007.598126
5007.598126
5007.657855
5007.665675
5007.691803
5007.988156
5008.008356
5008.077129
5008.354601
5008.371281
5008.54965
5008.550189
5008.585484
5008.697039
5008.828862
5008.84935
5008.894675
5009.125983
5009.126611
5009.258672
5009.457427
5009.483553
5009.598126
5009.642632
5009.675938
5009.796912
5009.865261
5010.101792
5010.168576
5010.303152
5010.41784
5010.535388
5010.57704
5010.57704
5010.738756
5010.761057
5010.904805
5011.192288
5011.257925
5011.340638
5011.395519
5011.743065
5011.845079
5011.945671
5012.116681
5012.138242
5012.485316
5012.70029
5012.794175
5012.856272
5012.925432
5013.001783
5013.022007
5013.075306
5013.285833
5013.595849
5013.664477
5014.168396
5014.3426
5014.378521
5014.394282
5014.419987
5014.598754
5014.650928
5014.650928
Dmd
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Arriving
Inventory
Order
-14
0
-14
-15
0
-15
-16
0
-16
-17
0
-17
-18
0
-18
-19
0
-19
-20
0
-20
-21
0
-21
-22
0
-22
-23
0
-23
-24
0
-24
-25
0
-25
-26
0
-26
-27
0
-27
-28
0
-28
-29
0
-29
-30
0
-30
-30
30
0
30
-31
30
-1
-32
30
-2
-33
30
-3
-34
30
-4
-35
30
-5
-36
30
-6
-37
30
-7
-38
30
-8
-39
30
-9
-40
30
-10
-41
30
-11
-42
30
-12
-43
30
-13
-44
30
-14
-45
30
-15
-46
30
-16
-47
30
-17
-48
30
-18
-49
30
-19
-50
30
-20
30
-20
0
-20
-21
0
-21
-22
0
-22
-23
0
-23
-24
0
-24
-25
0
-25
-26
0
-26
-27
0
-27
-28
0
-28
-29
0
-29
-30
0
-30
-30
30
0
30
-31
30
-1
-32
30
-2
-33
30
-3
-34
30
-4
-35
30
-5
-36
30
-6
-37
30
-7
-38
30
-8
-39
30
-9
-40
30
-10
-41
30
-11
-42
30
-12
-43
30
-13
-44
30
-14
-45
30
-15
-46
30
-16
-47
30
-17
-48
30
-18
-49
30
-19
-50
30
-20
-51
30
-21
-52
30
-22
-53
30
-23
-54
30
-24
-55
30
-25
-56
30
-26
-57
30
-27
-58
30
-28
-59
30
-29
-60
30
-30
-60
60
0
30
Lead
Time
Delivery
Period
Page 12 of 41
1
2
3
4
5
2 5009.5981
5010
5015.577
5016
2 5016.6509
5016 5016.7
-20
-50
Sheet: Trace
Period
5014.770354
5014.783437
5015.034334
5015.065044
5015.127242
5015.314618
5015.433581
5015.474816
5015.507533
5015.57704
5015.585094
5015.643736
5015.84156
5015.94776
5016.121705
5016.215372
5016.297956
5016.32307
5016.368212
5016.440383
5016.515035
5016.59158
5016.597965
5016.650928
5016.739632
5016.742518
5016.82915
5016.902957
5017.0895
5017.184
5017.262315
5017.398921
5017.398921
5017.407893
5017.584132
5017.592956
5017.724044
5017.857725
5017.896266
5017.956079
5018.001187
5018.231636
5018.460737
5018.603558
5018.681515
5018.715656
5018.739164
5018.842714
5018.958991
5019.079769
5019.191921
5019.242912
5019.268767
5019.518807
5019.661261
5019.681984
5020.1023
5020.178911
5020.246428
5020.314307
5020.398921
5020.48442
5020.488499
5020.513344
5020.513344
5020.687838
5020.70282
5020.804579
5020.915913
5021.164149
5021.205309
5021.209908
5021.329855
5021.372338
5021.517346
5021.713743
5021.737031
5021.760438
5021.790284
5021.839872
5022.021183
Dmd
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Arriving
Inventory
Order
-61
60
-1
-62
60
-2
-63
60
-3
-64
60
-4
-65
60
-5
-66
60
-6
-67
60
-7
-68
60
-8
-69
60
-9
30
-39
30
-9
-40
30
-10
-41
30
-11
-42
30
-12
-43
30
-13
-44
30
-14
-45
30
-15
-46
30
-16
-47
30
-17
-48
30
-18
-49
30
-19
-50
30
-20
-51
30
-21
-52
30
-22
30
-22
0
-22
-23
0
-23
-24
0
-24
-25
0
-25
-26
0
-26
-27
0
-27
-28
0
-28
-29
0
-29
-30
0
-30
-30
30
0
30
-31
30
-1
-32
30
-2
-33
30
-3
-34
30
-4
-35
30
-5
-36
30
-6
-37
30
-7
-38
30
-8
-39
30
-9
-40
30
-10
-41
30
-11
-42
30
-12
-43
30
-13
-44
30
-14
-45
30
-15
-46
30
-16
-47
30
-17
-48
30
-18
-49
30
-19
-50
30
-20
-51
30
-21
-52
30
-22
-53
30
-23
-54
30
-24
-55
30
-25
-56
30
-26
-57
30
-27
30
-27
0
-27
-28
0
-28
-29
0
-29
-30
0
-30
-30
30
0
30
-31
30
-1
-32
30
-2
-33
30
-3
-34
30
-4
-35
30
-5
-36
30
-6
-37
30
-7
-38
30
-8
-39
30
-9
-40
30
-10
-41
30
-11
-42
30
-12
-43
30
-13
-44
30
-14
-45
30
-15
-46
30
-16
Lead
Time
Delivery
Period
Page 13 of 41
1
2
3
4
5
-39
-69
-22
-52
3 5020.3989
-27
3 5023.5133
5016
5020
5024
-57
Sheet: Trace
Period
5022.254165
5022.368792
5022.558656
5022.63081
5022.944227
5023.016635
5023.112848
5023.220841
5023.275128
5023.386915
5023.513344
5023.52923
5023.632372
5023.701703
5023.790374
5023.790374
5023.945869
5024.007807
5024.084874
5024.201414
5024.357531
5024.499417
5024.524385
5024.542984
5025.172501
5025.228033
5025.317178
5025.338606
5025.493862
5025.623628
5025.881797
5026.012697
5026.176865
5026.180452
5026.198067
5026.350103
5026.445077
5026.790374
5026.842714
5026.906976
5027.009626
5027.228326
5027.411797
5027.422136
5027.475767
5027.688143
5027.70727
5027.70727
5027.760315
5027.772632
5027.900233
5027.930596
5027.931462
5027.973992
5028.05085
5028.129417
5028.154958
5028.295583
5028.344078
5028.347114
5028.612496
5028.664946
5028.712273
5028.771048
5028.912755
5029.233837
5029.435017
5029.593682
5029.662773
5029.755202
5029.84277
5030.143891
5030.188847
5030.221076
5030.22418
5030.287107
5030.354508
5030.366136
5030.366136
5030.379011
5030.508819
Dmd
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Arriving
Inventory
Order
-47
30
-17
-48
30
-18
-49
30
-19
-50
30
-20
-51
30
-21
-52
30
-22
-53
30
-23
-54
30
-24
-55
30
-25
-56
30
-26
30
-26
0
-26
-27
0
-27
-28
0
-28
-29
0
-29
-30
0
-30
-30
30
0
30
-31
30
-1
-32
30
-2
-33
30
-3
-34
30
-4
-35
30
-5
-36
30
-6
-37
30
-7
-38
30
-8
-39
30
-9
-40
30
-10
-41
30
-11
-42
30
-12
-43
30
-13
-44
30
-14
-45
30
-15
-46
30
-16
-47
30
-17
-48
30
-18
-49
30
-19
-50
30
-20
-51
30
-21
30
-21
0
-21
-22
0
-22
-23
0
-23
-24
0
-24
-25
0
-25
-26
0
-26
-27
0
-27
-28
0
-28
-29
0
-29
-30
0
-30
-30
30
0
30
-31
30
-1
-32
30
-2
-33
30
-3
-34
30
-4
-35
30
-5
-36
30
-6
-37
30
-7
-38
30
-8
-39
30
-9
-40
30
-10
-41
30
-11
-42
30
-12
-43
30
-13
-44
30
-14
-45
30
-15
-46
30
-16
-47
30
-17
-48
30
-18
-49
30
-19
-50
30
-20
-51
30
-21
-52
30
-22
-53
30
-23
-54
30
-24
-55
30
-25
-56
30
-26
-57
30
-27
-58
30
-28
-59
30
-29
-60
30
-30
-60
60
0
30
-61
60
-1
-62
60
-2
Lead
Time
Delivery
Period
Page 14 of 41
1
2
3
4
5
-26
-56
3 5026.7904
5027
4 5031.7073
5032
4 5034.3661
5032 5034.4
-21
-51
Sheet: Trace
Period
5030.523726
5030.530885
5030.878612
5030.97832
5031.006654
5031.082726
5031.14497
5031.280931
5031.327971
5031.328157
5031.463481
5031.474148
5031.70727
5031.837424
5031.895509
5032.26247
5032.262992
5032.384426
5032.403908
5032.431359
5032.434821
5032.484306
5032.488831
5032.499536
5032.536676
5032.562803
5032.71013
5032.767342
5032.768958
5032.768958
5032.796112
5032.867628
5032.884919
5033.193461
5033.227385
5033.265257
5033.35362
5033.404252
5033.40712
5033.421594
5033.450962
5033.481796
5033.487996
5033.536005
5033.67025
5033.719806
5033.741958
5033.853085
5033.853492
5033.911984
5034.05012
5034.06658
5034.120716
5034.333459
5034.366136
5034.437008
5034.445628
5034.447384
5034.464492
5034.649256
5034.757263
5034.757263
5034.75963
5035.075138
5035.085558
5035.179073
5035.528264
5035.54545
5035.757263
5035.859144
5036.096552
5036.218403
5036.254702
5036.380081
5036.414385
5036.592434
5036.634031
5036.726962
5036.768958
5036.933896
5037.017377
Dmd
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Arriving
Inventory
Order
-63
60
-3
-64
60
-4
-65
60
-5
-66
60
-6
-67
60
-7
-68
60
-8
-69
60
-9
-70
60
-10
-71
60
-11
-72
60
-12
-73
60
-13
-74
60
-14
30
-44
30
-14
-45
30
-15
-46
30
-16
-47
30
-17
-48
30
-18
-49
30
-19
-50
30
-20
-51
30
-21
-52
30
-22
-53
30
-23
-54
30
-24
-55
30
-25
-56
30
-26
-57
30
-27
-58
30
-28
-59
30
-29
-60
30
-30
-60
60
0
30
-61
60
-1
-62
60
-2
-63
60
-3
-64
60
-4
-65
60
-5
-66
60
-6
-67
60
-7
-68
60
-8
-69
60
-9
-70
60
-10
-71
60
-11
-72
60
-12
-73
60
-13
-74
60
-14
-75
60
-15
-76
60
-16
-77
60
-17
-78
60
-18
-79
60
-19
-80
60
-20
-81
60
-21
-82
60
-22
-83
60
-23
-84
60
-24
30
-54
30
-24
-55
30
-25
-56
30
-26
-57
30
-27
-58
30
-28
-59
30
-29
-60
30
-30
-60
60
0
30
-61
60
-1
-62
60
-2
-63
60
-3
-64
60
-4
-65
60
-5
-66
60
-6
30
-36
30
-6
-37
30
-7
-38
30
-8
-39
30
-9
-40
30
-10
-41
30
-11
-42
30
-12
-43
30
-13
-44
30
-14
-45
30
-15
30
-15
0
-15
-16
0
-16
-17
0
-17
Lead
Time
Delivery
Period
Page 15 of 41
1
2
3
4
5
-44
-74
5036.769
5032
-54
-84
1 5035.7573
5034
-6
-66
-45
-45
5034 5036.8
5036 5036.8
5036
Sheet: Trace
Period
5037.287158
5037.404183
5037.437786
5037.52578
5037.570839
5037.591512
5037.706143
5038.102444
5038.212345
5038.2175
5038.218997
5038.281305
5038.283992
5038.283992
5038.443712
5038.6124
5038.665112
5038.753703
5038.846401
5038.935692
5038.997491
5039.077191
5039.174697
5039.182398
5039.285203
5039.329692
5039.377851
5039.443212
5039.540938
5039.548147
5039.6252
5039.677224
5039.934501
5039.955243
5040.003119
5040.079987
5040.241041
5040.241171
5040.436163
5040.527045
5040.576647
5040.594166
5040.773648
5040.854747
5040.854747
5040.865775
5040.959478
5040.967434
5040.997509
5041.011809
5041.125872
5041.151166
5041.283992
5041.533536
5041.672056
5041.817197
5041.870454
5041.909493
5041.934927
5041.94124
5042.037145
5042.154729
5042.211057
5042.353996
5042.523147
5042.583484
5042.622043
5042.793783
5042.915065
5043.099852
5043.128838
5043.501251
5043.602072
5043.61249
5043.696944
5043.697507
5043.697507
5043.854747
5043.880203
5043.937087
5043.965608
Dmd
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Arriving
Inventory
Order
-18
0
-18
-19
0
-19
-20
0
-20
-21
0
-21
-22
0
-22
-23
0
-23
-24
0
-24
-25
0
-25
-26
0
-26
-27
0
-27
-28
0
-28
-29
0
-29
-30
0
-30
-30
30
0
30
-31
30
-1
-32
30
-2
-33
30
-3
-34
30
-4
-35
30
-5
-36
30
-6
-37
30
-7
-38
30
-8
-39
30
-9
-40
30
-10
-41
30
-11
-42
30
-12
-43
30
-13
-44
30
-14
-45
30
-15
-46
30
-16
-47
30
-17
-48
30
-18
-49
30
-19
-50
30
-20
-51
30
-21
-52
30
-22
-53
30
-23
-54
30
-24
-55
30
-25
-56
30
-26
-57
30
-27
-58
30
-28
-59
30
-29
-60
30
-30
-60
60
0
30
-61
60
-1
-62
60
-2
-63
60
-3
-64
60
-4
-65
60
-5
-66
60
-6
-67
60
-7
30
-37
30
-7
-38
30
-8
-39
30
-9
-40
30
-10
-41
30
-11
-42
30
-12
-43
30
-13
-44
30
-14
-45
30
-15
-46
30
-16
-47
30
-17
-48
30
-18
-49
30
-19
-50
30
-20
-51
30
-21
-52
30
-22
-53
30
-23
-54
30
-24
-55
30
-25
-56
30
-26
-57
30
-27
-58
30
-28
-59
30
-29
-60
30
-30
-60
60
0
30
30
-30
30
0
-31
30
-1
-32
30
-2
-33
30
-3
Lead
Time
Delivery
Period
Page 16 of 41
1
2
3
4
5
5041.284
5041
3 5043.8547
5041 5043.9
-37
-67
-30
-60
5 5048.6975
5041
5044 5048.7
5044
Sheet: Trace
Period
5044.163469
5044.318931
5044.541464
5044.587209
5044.619318
5044.686789
5044.710875
Dmd
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Arriving
Inventory
Order
-34
30
-4
-35
30
-5
-36
30
-6
-37
30
-7
-38
30
-8
-39
30
-9
-40
30
-10
Lead
Time
Delivery
Period
Page 17 of 41
1
2
3
4
5
Runin Periods
Run Periods
Q = S-s
Exp. Demand
Var. Dmd (approx)
RNSeed
Periodic Review?
Gamma LT?
Gamma IDT?
Exp. Inter-Demand Time
StDev Inter-Demand Time
Exp. LT
StDev LT
Exp LTD
Var LTD
Exp D(LT+1)
Var D(LT+1)
SimTime
Demands
Orders
Deliveries
Crossings
Cross/Deliv
LTD Avg.
LTD var.
"LT+1 Dem" or "LTD", Avg.
"LT+1 Dem" or "LTD", Var.
S-Inv. (Time Av) Avg.
S-Inv. (Time Av) var.
s-Inv @Deliv. Avg.
s-Inv @Deliv. var.
x
5,000
50,000
20
10
10
5235
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
0.1
0.1
3
1.4142136
30
230
40
240
50,000
499,303
24,966
24,966
5,150
0.2062805
29.949852
228.45531
30.949852
228.45531
39.434485
185.21499
29.949852
151.85353
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
5,000
50,000
30
10
10
5235
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
0.1
0.1
3
1.4142136
30
230
40
240
50,000
499,094
16,637
16,636
1392
0.083674
29.913561
228.59412
30.913561
228.59412
44.359368
268.22924
29.913561
192.35463
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
-Inv
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
-Inv
0
0
2.646E-05
5.552E-05
0.0001775
0.0003714
0.0007612
0.0011762
0.0017154
0.0023825
0.0030543
0.0038026
0.0046104
0.0053155
0.0063485
0.0067831
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
-Inv
0
6.128E-06
2.059E-05
7.142E-05
0.0001567
0.0003441
0.0007457
0.0011426
0.0016919
0.0022837
0.0030199
0.0036593
0.0043444
0.0048052
0.0058364
0.0062321
0.0077791
0.0087434
0.0094145
0.0105391
0.0116726
0.0128322
0.0140328
0.0152131
0.0170631
0.017772
0.0190689
0.0202201
0.0213202
0.0221948
0.0233565
0.0244317
0.0251406
0.0255983
0.0264334
0.0268699
0.0274836
0.0280486
0.0277169
0.0278298
0.0274234
0.0273628
0.0280595
0.0272542
0.0270159
0.0263981
0.0253343
0.0247088
0.0233546
0.0220016
0.0206707
0.0192302
0.0184046
0.0168853
0.0161094
0.0153081
0.0140193
0.0132491
0.0123487
0.0112462
0.0069116
0.0076005
0.0083077
0.0088757
0.0096537
0.0104885
0.0112809
0.0118038
0.0128571
0.0139093
0.0145269
0.0151656
0.0159298
0.0170096
0.0169454
0.0178661
0.0182014
0.0193204
0.0200977
0.0203536
0.0213798
0.0216118
0.0219001
0.0217289
0.0220579
0.0222683
0.0222535
0.0225058
0.0223755
0.0222811
0.0223969
0.0220006
0.02142
0.0211239
0.0211361
0.0207808
0.019995
0.0200727
0.0191118
0.0187268
0.017764
0.0178156
0.0168225
0.0166022
0.010224
0.0092215
0.0080537
0.0072478
0.0063961
0.0057738
0.004956
0.0042871
0.0036665
0.0031287
0.0027424
0.0021001
0.0018782
0.0014675
0.0011844
0.0009117
0.0007069
0.0005931
0.0004493
0.0003196
0.0002431
0.0001964
0.000143
0.0001246
7.078E-05
4.077E-05
4.799E-05
3.064E-05
2.048E-05
1.475E-05
8.048E-06
1.637E-06
8.232E-06
1.198E-06
3.456E-08
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0159633
0.0150082
0.0144814
0.013665
0.0130406
0.0120749
0.0116935
0.011041
0.0100038
0.0092399
0.0081784
0.0074553
0.0066811
0.0060476
0.0052099
0.0047862
0.0043379
0.0036787
0.003314
0.0029566
0.0025305
0.0020789
0.0017672
0.0014978
0.0013071
0.0009767
0.0007483
0.0006091
0.00049
0.0004188
0.0003286
0.0002336
0.000159
0.0001117
9.543E-05
5.48E-05
4.862E-05
2.977E-05
2.727E-05
9.165E-06
1.387E-05
2.871E-06
4.76E-06
3.268E-06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.123E-06
1.239E-06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
LTD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
LTD
0
8.011E-05
0.0006409
0.0012417
0.003645
0.0072098
0.0138588
0.0173035
0.0224706
0.0260354
0.0258752
0.0258752
0.0204278
0.0193063
0.0197469
0.0174638
0.0185052
0.0174237
0.0197869
0.0209485
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
LTD
0
0.0002404
0.0003006
0.0016831
0.0030055
0.0072133
0.0119019
0.018995
0.0238038
0.0253066
0.0268694
0.0253066
0.0234431
0.0175523
0.0189348
0.0183938
0.0183938
0.0186343
0.0183337
0.0188146
0.0218697
0.0218697
0.0193063
0.0209485
0.0197469
0.0196667
0.0197469
0.0217496
0.0197068
0.0192662
0.0205079
0.0194264
0.0185452
0.0197869
0.0189858
0.0207883
0.0185452
0.0212689
0.0195065
0.021309
0.0212289
0.0196267
0.0199071
0.0191861
0.0196667
0.0184651
0.0172635
0.0171033
0.0150605
0.0156613
0.016182
0.0134583
0.0138989
0.0103741
0.0100937
0.0086518
0.00733
0.0071698
0.005848
0.0045662
0.0037651
0.0034046
0.0030842
0.0019226
0.02176
0.020678
0.0192955
0.0223611
0.020678
0.0218803
0.017913
0.0204376
0.0186944
0.0214595
0.0209185
0.0220005
0.0193556
0.0216398
0.0199567
0.0186343
0.0177326
0.0201371
0.0202573
0.0182736
0.0213994
0.0209185
0.0180933
0.0194157
0.0179731
0.0171916
0.0180933
0.0170714
0.0151479
0.0159894
0.0149675
0.0122025
0.0123828
0.0128036
0.0119019
0.0088363
0.0079947
0.0077543
0.0050493
0.0051695
0.0044482
0.0033662
0.003246
0.0018634
0.0016022
0.0014019
0.0010414
0.000721
0.0005207
0.0004406
0.0002403
0.0001602
0.0003605
8.011E-05
8.011E-05
4.005E-05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0013224
0.0012022
0.0009017
0.0006011
0.000541
0.0002404
0.0001803
0.0002404
6.011E-05
6.011E-05
0
0.0001202
6.011E-05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
s-Inv @Deliv.s-Inv @Deliv.s-Inv @Deliv.
0
0
0 0.0001803
0.0002003 0.0001803
0.0005608 0.0012022
0.0018826 0.0020438
0.0038452 0.0053498
0.0068493 0.0088363
0.0084915 0.0138855
0.011015 0.0180933
0.0140191 0.0198365
0.0143395 0.0202573
0.0167428
0.021219
0.0137787 0.0203775
0.0149804 0.0159894
0.0157414
0.018454
0.0160618 0.0175523
0.0172234 0.0198966
0.0178643 0.0207382
0.0197869 0.0209786
0.0219899 0.0216999
0.0224706 0.0242246
0.0236321 0.0224213
0.0221101 0.0220606
0.0237523 0.0248858
0.0247136
0.0266362
0.0304414
0.0348874
0.034527
0.0354482
0.0368902
0.0334054
0.0307618
0.0283986
0.0275975
0.0263558
0.0232316
0.0247136
0.0225907
0.0229112
0.0227509
0.0200673
0.0195466
0.0182648
0.0175038
0.0159016
0.0143796
0.013218
0.0119362
0.011776
0.0114956
0.0087719
0.0085717
0.0061684
0.0055275
0.0045262
0.0039253
0.0032845
0.0027638
0.0019226
0.0016422
0.0012817
0.0010815
0.000721
0.0005608
0.0003605
0.0002403
0.0002804
0.0241645
0.0239841
0.0209185
0.0230825
0.0200769
0.0233229
0.0223611
0.0229623
0.0207983
0.022842
0.0213393
0.0209185
0.0212792
0.0254268
0.0261481
0.0238639
0.0279514
0.0251262
0.0211589
0.0209786
0.018454
0.0180933
0.0166506
0.0149675
0.012503
0.0131041
0.012503
0.0104592
0.0096177
0.0102789
0.0084155
0.0067324
0.0049892
0.0051094
0.0036667
0.0033061
0.0030055
0.0024645
0.0019235
0.0011421
0.0009017
0.0007814
0.0004208
0.0004208
0.0002804
0.0001602
8.011E-05
0
0.0001202
0
4.005E-05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0003607
0.0001202
0.0002404
0.0001202
6.011E-05
6.011E-05
0
6.011E-05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
LT+1 Dem
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
LTDem
0
8.011E-05
0.0006409
0.0012417
0.003645
0.0072098
0.0138588
0.0173035
0.0224706
0.0260354
0.0258752
0.0258752
0.0204278
0.0193063
0.0197469
0.0174638
0.0185052
0.0174237
0.0197869
0.0209485
0.0218697
0.0218697
0.0193063
0.0209485
0.0197469
0.0196667
0.0197469
0.0217496
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
LTDem
0
0.0002404
0.0003006
0.0016831
0.0030055
0.0072133
0.0119019
0.018995
0.0238038
0.0253066
0.0268694
0.0253066
0.0234431
0.0175523
0.0189348
0.0183938
0.0183938
0.0186343
0.0183337
0.0188146
0.02176
0.020678
0.0192955
0.0223611
0.020678
0.0218803
0.017913
0.0204376
0.0197068
0.0192662
0.0205079
0.0194264
0.0185452
0.0197869
0.0189858
0.0207883
0.0185452
0.0212689
0.0195065
0.021309
0.0212289
0.0196267
0.0199071
0.0191861
0.0196667
0.0184651
0.0172635
0.0171033
0.0150605
0.0156613
0.016182
0.0134583
0.0138989
0.0103741
0.0100937
0.0086518
0.00733
0.0071698
0.005848
0.0045662
0.0037651
0.0034046
0.0030842
0.0019226
0.0016022
0.0014019
0.0010414
0.000721
0.0005207
0.0004406
0.0002403
0.0001602
0.0186944
0.0214595
0.0209185
0.0220005
0.0193556
0.0216398
0.0199567
0.0186343
0.0177326
0.0201371
0.0202573
0.0182736
0.0213994
0.0209185
0.0180933
0.0194157
0.0179731
0.0171916
0.0180933
0.0170714
0.0151479
0.0159894
0.0149675
0.0122025
0.0123828
0.0128036
0.0119019
0.0088363
0.0079947
0.0077543
0.0050493
0.0051695
0.0044482
0.0033662
0.003246
0.0018634
0.0013224
0.0012022
0.0009017
0.0006011
0.000541
0.0002404
0.0001803
0.0002404
0.0003605
8.011E-05
8.011E-05
4.005E-05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.011E-05
6.011E-05
0
0.0001202
6.011E-05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Discrete IDT Discrete IDT Discrete IDT
0
0
0.0333333 0.0333333
0.0666667 0.0666667
0.1
0.1
0.1333333 0.1333333
0.1666667 0.1666667
0.2
0.2
Discrete F(IDT)
Discrete F(IDT)
Discrete F(IDT)
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1
1
Discrete LT Discrete LT Discrete LT
0
0
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
Discrete F(LT)
Discrete F(LT)
Discrete F(LT)
0
0
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.8
1
1
1
1
246709549.xls.ms_office, Warning, p. 39 of 41
WARNING: YOU NEED TO ENABLE THE MACROS IN THIS FILE

Try these steps. If step 1 does not work, then go to step 2.
STEP 1: Try to enable the macros
For Excel 2007,
A. If you see the Security Warning in your menu bar, proceed with step B.
If the Security Warning is not there, go to STEP 2.
B. In the Security Warning, Click Options.
C. In the Alert Window that appears, click Enable This Content and click OK.
For Excel 2003,

A. Close this file. Then open it again.
B. In the window that appears, click Enable Macros.
If a window like this one
does NOT appear, then go to STEP 2.
STEP 2: If Step 1 does not work

If you DID NOT get a Security Message, then your security setting is too high.
Here is what you should do:
For Excel 2007,
A. Click the Microsoft Office Button at the top-left of the screen:
B. Click Excel Options.
C. Click Trust Center, then Trust Center Settings, and then Macro Settings.
D. Click Disable all macros with notification
E. Exit from Excel. Closing the file is not enough. On the menu bar, select File, and then Exit.
F. Open this file again and follow the instructions in STEP 1 to enable the macros.
For Excel 2003,
A. On the menu bar at the top of this page, select Tools, then Macro, then Security.
B. On the Security Level tab, select Medium and click OK.
C. Then exit from Excel. Closing the file is not enough. On the menu bar, select File, and then Exit.
D. Open this file again and follow the instructions in STEP 1 to enable the macros.

S S

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

S S

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Sheet: Introduction

Contents: These are the sheets in this workbook.

1. Measuring Inventory and Shortages at Time of Delivery:

Inv On-hand inventory

A value of lead time

(a) Shortfall below Reorder Level at Delivery: Shortfall@Deliv

(ii) Periodic Review

2. Inventory and Shortages at Any Time

is proportional to the average number of backorders waiting.

3. Cost of Inventory, Backorders and Ordering:

Inter-demand time (IDT)

Lead Time (LT)

Gamma LT (not in use)

Click here to view simulation results.

Continuous Review, Q=30. D=10 (Var=10). Discrete LT: Mu= 3, Std=1.41

Number of columns of data available:

View Performance Summary

Performance Statistics for

To achieve target probability, s=

Target Probability of No Backorders:

This target's meaning:

First value of s for the graph:

Minimum Cost = $45.26

Graph of Cost vs s , starting at

Continuous Review, Q=30. D=10 (Var=10). Discrete LT: Mu= 3, Std=1.41

Graphs of Distributions for simulation run number 2

Change which simulation

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170

LT: Mean = 3, CV = 0.471, Discrete

View Performance Summary

90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170

0.145 0.19 0.235 0.28

Continuous Review, Q=30. D=10 (Var=10). Discrete LT: Mu= 3, Std=1.41

Gamma InterDemandTime: Mu= 0.1, Std=0.1 Crossings/Delivery=0.084

Page Down for

Continuous Review, Q=30. D=10 (Var=10). Discrete LT: Mu= 3, Std=1.41

View Performance Summary

Shortfall, Avg. 44.359368

Inter-Demand Time Distribution: Ignore Discrete. Gamma used.

Partial Simulation Results

Order Crossing Simulation

Current Time 55.556

- Leadtime Inv. before orders Order Pipeline, Arrival Times

WARNING: YOU NEED TO ENABLE THE MACROS IN THIS FILE

For Excel 2003,

STEP 2: If Step 1 does not work

Вам также может понравиться