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This document summarizes the key requirements for labor organizations in the Philippines to become legitimate labor organizations (LLOs) with legal personality. There are two ways for a labor organization to become an LLO: 1) Registration with the Bureau of Labor Relations (BLR) as an independent union; or 2) Obtaining a charter certificate from a federation or national union, which makes the labor organization a local chapter. The document outlines the process and requirements for registration, affiliation, certification elections, and cancellation of registration. It also discusses the rights and obligations of legitimate labor organizations under Philippine labor laws.
This document summarizes the key requirements for labor organizations in the Philippines to become legitimate labor organizations (LLOs) with legal personality. There are two ways for a labor organization to become an LLO: 1) Registration with the Bureau of Labor Relations (BLR) as an independent union; or 2) Obtaining a charter certificate from a federation or national union, which makes the labor organization a local chapter. The document outlines the process and requirements for registration, affiliation, certification elections, and cancellation of registration. It also discusses the rights and obligations of legitimate labor organizations under Philippine labor laws.
This document summarizes the key requirements for labor organizations in the Philippines to become legitimate labor organizations (LLOs) with legal personality. There are two ways for a labor organization to become an LLO: 1) Registration with the Bureau of Labor Relations (BLR) as an independent union; or 2) Obtaining a charter certificate from a federation or national union, which makes the labor organization a local chapter. The document outlines the process and requirements for registration, affiliation, certification elections, and cancellation of registration. It also discusses the rights and obligations of legitimate labor organizations under Philippine labor laws.
277) --------------------------------------------------- LEGITIMATE LABOR ORGANIZATIONS --------------------------------------------------- 1. WHAT ARE THE 2 WAYS OF BECOMING A LEGITIMATE LABOR ORG. (LLO)? a. Registration with the BLR (INDEPENDENT UNION) b. Chartering or issuance of a federation or national union of a charter certifcate (LO!L "!PTER) 2. A) HOW CAN A NON-REGISTERE !NION A""LY FOR AN AFFILIATION TO BECOME A L.L.O.? OR AC#!IRE LEGITIMACY? B# a$$lication of the union with the federation for the issuance of a charter certifcate to %e su%&itted to the Bureau acco&$anied %# the following' a) o$ies of its constitution and %#(laws) %) *tate&ent of the set of o+cers and %oo,s of accounts- all of which &ust %e certifed %# the *ecretar#.Treasurer and attested to %# the President/ In such case- the union %eco&es a local cha$ter of the federation/ NOTE$ The issuance of charter certifcate confer legal $ersonalit# onl# for $ur$oses of fling a $etition for certifcation election/ %. CERTIFICATION ELECTION & the $rocess of deter&ining %# secret %allot the sole and e0clusi1e %argaining agent of the e&$lo#ees in an a$$ro$riate %argaining unit- for $ur$oses of collecti1e %argaining (e&$lo#ees in the 2 $a#roll $eriod $rior to the certifcation election &a# 1ote) 3!rt/4567
'. FORMALITIES RE#!IRE IN CREATING LOCAL CHA"TER BEFORE S!BMISSION OF OC!MENTS? ! dul# registered federation or national union &a# directl# create a local cha$ter %# I**UIN8 ! "!RTER ERTI9I!TE indicating the esta%lish&ent of the local cha$ter/ This su$$orting re:uire&ent shall %e certifed under oath %# the *ecretar# or the Treasurer of the local.cha$ter and attested %# its President (as !&ended %# DO ;<(B(<2)/ The cha$ter shall ac:uire legal $ersonalit# ONL= for $ur$oses of fling a PE fro& the date it was issued a charter certifcate/ The cha$ter shall %e entitled to all other rights and $ri1ileges of a LLO ONL= UPON T"E *UB>I**ION O9 DOU>ENT* in addition to its charter certifcate/ (. A) LEGAL EFFECTS OF AFFILIATION OF AN !NREGISTERE !NION. !+liation of a local cha$ter is generall# understood to %e that of agenc#- where the local union is the $rinci$al and the federation is the agent/ B) LEGAL EFFECTS OF AFFILIATION OF AN INE"ENENTLY REGISTERE !NION. !+liation would allow an inde$endent union to secure su$$ort or assistance during the for&ati1e stage of unioni?ation fro& the national union or federation/ It would also allow to utili?e the e0$ertise in $re$aring and $ursuing %argaining $ro$osals- and &arshal the &ind and &an$ower of national unions or federations in the course of grou$ actions such as stri,es/ NOTE$ 9or %oth a+liating unions- the legal e@ect is that it %eco&es su%Aect to the laws of the federation- with res$ect to the enforce&ent of constitution- %#(laws and rules/ It creates and %etween the $arent %od# (federation) and the su%ordinate union (a+liation.local union) and %etween the &e&%ers of the su%ordinate union inter se/ ). THE EFFECT OF ISAFFILIATION TO (A) AN (B)? The e@ect of disa+liation to the union %# an unregistered union is that it would cease to %e a legiti&ate la%or organi?ation and would no longer ha1e legal $ersonalit# and the rights and $ri1ileges granted %# law to legiti&ate organi?ation- unless the local cha$ter is co1ered %# a dul# registered B!/ In the latter case- the local or cha$ter will not lose its legal $ersonalit# until the e0$iration of the B!/ !fter the B! e0$ires it will lose its legal $ersonalit# unless it registers as an inde$endent union/ The e@ect of disa+liation %# an inde$endentl# registered union is that it BOULD NOT !99ET IT* BEIN8 ! LE8ITI>!TE L!BOR OR8!NIC!TION and therefore it would continue to ha1e legal $ersonalit# and to $ossess all the rights and $ri1ileges of a LLO/
7. MANNER ON ISAFFILIATING BY A LOCAL !NION FROM A FEERATION? "ERIO? La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page G Bhen a+liated- a local union &a# disa+liate fro& the federation/ The general rule is that a la%or union &a# disa+liate fro& the &other union to for& an inde$endent union onl# during the 6<( da# freedo& $eriod i&&ediatel# $receding the e0$iration of the B!/ [LIMITATION: Disafliation should be in accordance with the rules and procedures stated in the Constitution and By Laws o! the "ederation#$ The e0ce$tion is when there is disa+liation %# &aAorit#/ E1en %efore the onset of the freedo& $eriod- disa+liation &a# still %e carried out- %ut such disa+liation &ust %e e@ected %# a &aAorit# of the union &e&%ers in the %argaining unit (through secret %allot)/ This ha$$ens when there is a su%stantial shift in allegiance on the $art of the &aAorit# of the &e&%ers of the union/ In such a case- howe1er- the B! continues to %ind the &e&%ers of the new or disa+liated and inde$endent union u$ to the B!Hs e0$iration date/ ! consent election to deter&ine the union which shall ad&inister the B! &a# %e conducted/ *. A) RIGHTS OF LLO? (!SERFOE) a. !nderta,e acti1ities for %eneft of &e&%ers) b. Sue and %e sued) c. E0clusi1e re$resentati1e of all e&$lo#ees) d. Re$resent union &e&%ers) e. Furnished %# e&$lo#ers of audited fnancial state&ents) f. Own $ro$erties) and g. E0e&$ted fro& ta0es/ B) CONITIONS RE#!IRE BEFORE A RIGHT TO A!ITE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS BE GRANTE. To %etter e:ui$ the union in $re$aring for or in negotiating with the e&$lo#er- the law gi1es it the right to %e furnished with the e&$lo#erHs audited fnancial state&ents/ There are ; $oints in ti&e when the union &a# as, in writing for these state&ents' a/ after the union has %een recogni?ed %# the e&$lo#er as sole %argaining re$resentati1e of the e&$lo#ees in the %argaining unit) %/ after the union is certifed %# DOLE as such sole %argaining re$resentati1e) c/ within the last 6< da#s of the life of a B!) d/ during the collecti1e %argaining negotiation/ The audited state&ents- including the %alance sheet and the $roft and loss state&ent- should %e $ro1ided %# the e&$lo#er within 2< calendar da#s after recei$t of the unionHs re:uest/ +. GRO!NS FOR CANCELLATION OF !NION REGISTRATION. a. >isre$resentation- false state&ent or fraud in connection with the ado$tion or ratifcation of the constitution and %# laws) b. !&end&ents thereto- the &inutes of ratifcation- and the list of &e&%ers who too, $art in the ratifcation) c. >isre$resentation- false state&ents or fraud in connection with the election of o+cers- &inutes of the election of o+cers- and the list of 1oters) and d. Ioluntar# dissolution %# the &e&%ers/ %Art$&'( LC As A)ended by *A (+,-. NOTE: 9ailure to su%&it re$ortorial re:uire&ents is no longer a ground for cancellation %ut shall su%Aect the erring o+cers or &e&%ers to sus$ension- e0$ulsion fro& &e&%ershi$- or an# a$$ro$riate $enalt#/ %Art$&+&A Inserted by *A (+,-. 1,.WHO CAN FILE "ETITION FOR CANCELLATION OF !NION REGISTRATION? If it is for a legiti&ate indi1idual la%or union- chartered local- or a wor,erHs association- the $etition &a# %e fled %# -./ 0-rt/-1.-1.t2r2st- if the ground is' a) 9ailure to co&$l# with an# of the re:uire&ents under !rt/42;- 42J and 42K L) and %) Iiolation of an# $ro1ision under !rt/42L L/ If it is for federations- national or industr# unions- or trade union centers- the $etition &a# %e fled 3.4/ 5/ t62 72752rs 38 t62 4-53r 3r9-.1:-t13. concerned if grounds are actions in1ol1ing 1iolations of !rt/4;G- su%Aect to the 2<M rule/ 11.ARE "ETITIONS FOR CANCELLATION A""EALABLE? =E*/ ancellation orders issued %# the Regional Director (for legiti&ate inde$endent la%or union.chartered local and wor,erHs association)- are a$$eala%le to the Bureau of La%or Relations (BLR)/ The BLRHs decision is fnal and e0ecutor- hence- not a$$eala%le to the DOLE *ecretar#- %ut it &a# %e ele1ated to the ! %# certiorari/ ancellation cases that originated at the BLR itself &a# %e a$$ealed to the DOLE *ecretar#- and again- %# certiorari to the !/ 12.WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF CANCELLATION "ROCEEINGS? La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page 4 Bhere a la%or union is a $art# in a $roceeding and later it loses its registration $er&it in the course or during the $endenc# of the case- s;<6 ;.13. 7-/ <3.t1.;2 -s - 0-rt/ =1t63;t .22> 38 s;5st1t;t13. 38 0-rt12s- su%Aect howe1er to the understanding that whate1er decision &a# %e rendered therein will %e %inding onl# u$on those &e&%ers of the union who ha1e not signifed their desire to withdraw fro& the case %efore its trial and decision on the &erits/ NOTE$ Onl# a fnal order of cancellation can stri$ a LLO of its rights/ (/rinciple o! A0ency a$$lied F the e&$lo#ees are the $rinci$als and the la%or organi?ation is &erel# an agent of the for&er- conse:uentl#- the cancellation of the unionHs registration would not de$ri1e the consenting &e&%er(e&$lo#ees of their right to continue the case as the# are considered as the $rinci$als/) 1%.CAN THE L.O. CANCEL ITS REGISTRATION? "ROCE!RE? =E*/ The registration of a LLO &a# %e cancelled %# the organi?ation itself PROIIDED' a) !t least 4.2 of its general &e&%ershi$ 1otes- in a &eeting dul# called for that $ur$ose to dissol1e the organi?ation) and %) !n a$$lication to cancel registration is su%&itted %# the %oard of the organi?ation- attested to %# the $resident thereof/ %Art$&'(A LC$ New /ro1ision inserted by *A (+,-.$ 1'.RIGHTS AN CONITIONS OF MEMBERSHI" (IM") !/ Deliberative and Decision-Making Right ( The right to $artici$ate in deli%erations on the &aAor $olic# :uestions and decide %# secret %allot) B/ Right to Information the right to %e infor&ed a%out' a) the organi?ationHs constitution and %# laws) and %) the B! and La%or laws) / Right Over Mone Matters the rights of the &e&%ers' a) !gainst i&$osition of e0cessi1e fees) %) Right against unauthori?ed collection of contri%utions or unauthori?ed dis%urse&ents) c) To re:uire ade:uate records of inco&e and e0$enses) d) To access fnancial records) e) To 1ote on o+cersH co&$ensation) f) To 1ote on s$ecial assess&ent) g) To %e deducted a s$ecial assess&ent onl# with the &e&%erHs written authori?ation) D/ !olitical Right the right to 1ote and %e 1oted for- su%Aect to lawful $ro1isions on :ualifcations and dis:ualifcations/ NOTE: !n# 1iolation of the a%o1e rights and conditions of &e&%ershi$ shall %e a ground for cancellation of union registration or e0$ulsion of an o+cer fro& o+ce- whiche1er is a$$ro$riate/ !t least 2<M of all the &e&%ers of the union or an# &e&%er or &e&%ers s$ecifcall# concerned &a# re$ort such 1iolation to the Bureau/ 1(.#!ALIFICATIONS OF !NION OFFICERS (%) One should %e e&$lo#ed in the co&$an# to :ualif# as o+cer of a union in that co&$an#/ The union o+cer &ust not $ossess an# dis:ualifcation such as N&oral tur$itudeO defned as an act of %aseness- 1ileness- or de$ra1it# in the $ri1ate and social duties which a &an owes his fellow &en- or to societ# in general- contrar# to the acce$ted and custo&ar# rule of right and dut# %etween &an and &an or conduct contrar# to Austice- honest#- &odest# or good &orals/ 1).#!ALIFICATIONS OF VOTERS O.4/ 72752rs 38 t62 ;.13. ha1e the eligi%ilit# to ta,e $art in the election of union o+cers/ Eligi%ilit# to 1ote &a# %e deter&ined through the use of the a$$lica%le $a#roll $eriod and the status of the e&$lo#ees during the a$$lica%le $eriod/ This $ertains to the $a#roll of the &onth ne0t $receding the la%or dis$ute- in case of regular e&$lo#ees- and the $a#roll $eriod at or near the $ea, of o$eration- in case of e&$lo#ees in seasonal industries/ "IMIT#TION$ %RI-$&-RE': a. The la%or organi?ation cannot co&$el e&$lo#ees to %eco&e &e&%ers of their la%or organi?ation if the# are alread# &e&%ers of a RII!L UNION) b. The $ersons &entioned in !rt/ 4;G (e) L F S!BIER*IIE* F are $rohi%ited fro& %eco&ing a &e&%er of a la%or organi?ation) c. The &e&%ers of RELI8IOU* OR8 whose religion for%ids &e&%ershi$ in la%or organi?ation could not %e co&$elled into union &e&%ershi$/ 17.ARE !NION OFFICERS ENTITLE TO COM"ENSATION? Union o+cers shall not %e $aid an# co&$ensation other than the salaries and e0$enses due to their $ositions as s$ecifcall# $ro1ided for in its constitution and %#(laws- or in a written resolution dul# authori?ed %# a &aAorit# of all the &e&%ers La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page 2 at a general &e&%ershi$ &eeting dul# called for the $ur$ose/ (!rt/ 4;G 3,7) 1*.GRO!NS FOR E?"!LSION @ IM"EACHMENT OF !NION OFFICERS (') Union o+cers &a# %e e0$elled fro& the union or re&o1ed fro& o+ce on the following grounds' a/ 1iolation of the rights and conditions of &e&%ershi$ in la%or organi?ation under !rt/ 4;G %/ co&&ission of irregularities in the a$$ro1al of the resolution regarding co&$ensation of union o+cers c/ &e&%ershi$ in another la%or organi?ation d/ cul$a%le 1iolation of the constitution and %#(laws NOTE$ The $ower to e0$el or re&o1e union o+cers fro& o+ce is within the Aurisdiction of BLR/ --------------------------------------------------------- CHECA-OFF B S"ECIAL ASSESSMENT @ !L" --------------------------------------------------------- 1. RE#!ISITES OF VALI LEVY OF S"ECIAL ASSESSMENT (RAMM) a/ There &ust %e a written Resolution) %/ The resolution &ust ha1e %een A$$ro1ed %# a &aAorit# of all the &e&%ers) and c/ The a$$ro1al &ust %e at a general Me&%ershi$ &eeting dul# called for that $ur$ose) d/ The *ecretar# of the organi?ation shall record the &inutes of the &eeting- which shall %e attested to %# the President/ The Minutes include' dG) The list of all &e&%ers $resent) d4) The 1otes cast) and d2) The $ur$ose of the assess&ent or fees/ NOTE: *u%stantial co&$liance with the afore&entioned $rocedure is not enough F the re:uire&ents &ust %e strictl# co&$lied with/ 2. WHAT IS A CHECA-OFF? ! chec,(o@ is a ðod of deducting fro& an e&$lo#eeHs $a# at $rescri%ed $eriod- the a&ounts due to the union for fees- fnes or assess&ents/ %. WHAT ARE THE RE#!ISITES OF A VALI CHECA-OFF? No s$ecial assess&ent- attorne#Hs fees- registration fees or an# other e0traordinar# fees &a# %e chec,ed o@ fro& an# a&ount due an e&$lo#ee without an indi1idual written authori?ation dul# signed %# the e&$lo#ee/ The authori?ation should s$ecifcall# state the (!PB)' a) A&ount) %) "ur$ose) and c) Benefciar# of the deduction/ '. ARE THE RE#!ISITES FOR CHECA-OFF RE#!IRE FOR ALL ACTIVITIES? MANATORY ACTIVITIES? NO/ The re:uisites for chec,(o@ are not re:uired for all acti1ities/ The e0ce$tion to the rule re:uiring the re:uisites for chec, o@ are' a/ 9or >!ND!TOR= !TIIITIE* $ro1ided under the L %/ Bhen NON(>E>BER* O9 T"E UNION !I!IL O9 T"E BENE9IT* O9 T"E B!' %G) *aid non( &e&%ers &a# %e assessed union dues e:ui1alent to that $aid %# &e&%ers) and %4) Onl# %# a %oard resolution a$$ro1ed %# &aAorit# of the &e&%ers in a general &eeting called for the $ur$ose/ NOTE: No indi1idual written authori?ation re:uired for non(union &e&%ers assessed of agenc# fees- who has %enefted fro& the B!/ (. CAN AN EM"LOYEE WITHRAW HIS CHECA OFF A!THORIZATION? HOW? =E*/ ! withdrawal of indi1idual authori?ations is e:ui1alent to no authori?ation at all/ Docu&ents containing the withdrawals ha1e the signature of union &e&%ers/ These retractions are 1alid/ There is nothing in the law which re:uires that the withdrawals &ust %e in indi1idual for&/ ). WHO CAN FILE FOR THE VIOLATION OF ART.2'1? !t least 2<M of all the &e&%ers of the union or an# &e&%er or &e&%ers s$ecifcall# concerned &a# re$ort such 1iolation to the Bureau/ 7. IS THE %,C R!LE RE#!IRE FOR FILING A VIOLATION OF ART.2'1 MANATORY? G2.. R;42$ =E*/ ED<20t13.$ >a# %e less than 2<M $ro1ided there is su%stantial co&$liance/ ( The 2<M &a# %e dis$ensed when such 1iolation directl# a@ects onl# one or two &e&%ers- then onl# one or tow &e&%ers would %e enough to re$ort such 1iolation/ *. A) WHAT IS AN !NFAIR LABOR "RACTICE (!L")? La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page ; !G/ !n# unfair la%or $ractice as e0$ressl# defned %# the ode) !4/ !n# act intended or directed to wea,en or defeat the wor,erHs right to self(organi?e or to engage in lawful concerted acti1ities/ B) ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS? BG/ E&$lo#er(E&$lo#ee relationshi$ %etween the o@ender and the o@ended) and B4/ !ct done is e0$ressl# defned in the code as an act of unfair la%or $ractice (!rt/4;K- 4;L) NOTE$: ( The Essential Ele&ent is the 1iolation of the right of e&$lo#ees to self(organi?ation/ ( E0ce$t for !rt/4;K (f) F Dis&issing E&$lo#ee for 8i1ing Testi&on# F all $rohi%ited acts are related to the wor,erHs self(organi?ational right and the o%ser1ance of the B!/ +. CAN !L" BE COMMITTE AGAINST MANAGERIAL EM"LOYEES? 8enerall# NO/ >anagerial e&$lo#ees are the alter ego of the e&$lo#ers and thus the# are su$$osed to %e on the side of the e&$lo#er to act as its re$resentati1es- and to see to it that its interests are well $rotected/ 1,.HOW O WE ETERMINE IF AN EM"LOYER COMMITTE A !L"? Totalit of (ond)ct Doctrine F The cul$a%ilit# of e&$lo#erHs re&ar,s is to %e e1aluated not onl# on the %asis of their i&$lications- %ut against the %ac,ground of and in conAunction with collateral circu&stances/ hec, also the >OTIIE/ 11.THE S"ECIFIC ACTS OF !L" OF EM"LOYERS? (ICC-F-"VV) -. To 1nterfere with- restrain or coerce e&$lo#ees in the e0ercise of their right to self( organi?ation) 5. To re:uire as a <ondition for e&$lo#&ent that a $erson or an e&$lo#ee shall not Aoin a la%or organi?ation or shall withdraw fro& one to which he %elongs) <. To <ontract out ser1ices or functions %eing $erfor&ed %# union &e&%ers when such will interfere with- restrain or coerce e&$lo#ees in the e0ercise of their right to self(organi?ation) >. To initiate- do&inate- assist or otherwise interfere with the 8or&ation or ad&inistration of an# la%or organi?ation- including the gi1ing of fnancial or other su$$ort to it or its organi?ers or o+cers/ 2. To >iscri&inate in regard to wages- hours of wor,- and other ter&s and conditions of e&$lo#&ent in order to encourage or discourage &e&%ershi$ in an# la%or organi?ation) 8. To >is&iss- discharge or otherwise $reAudice or discri&inate against an e&$lo#ee for ha1ing gi1en or %eing a%out to gi1e testi&on# under this ode) 9. To Eiolate the dut# to %argain collecti1el# as $rescri%ed %# this ode) 6. To 0a# negotiation or attorne#Hs fees to the union or its o+cers or agents as $art of the settle&ent of an# issue in collecti1e %argaining or an# other dis$utes) 1. To grossl# Eiolate the B!/ The 1iolation &ust %e NgrossO or a Pagrant and.or &alicious refusal to co&$l# with the econo&ic $ro1isions of the B!/ 12.A) WHAT IS THE TEST OF INTERFERENCE? B) E?AM"LE. !) Bhether the e&$lo#er has engaged in conduct which- it &a# reasona%l# %e said- tends to interfere with the free e0ercise of the e&$lo#eesH right and it is not necessar# that there %e direct e1idence that an# e&$lo#ee was in fact inti&idated or coerced %# the state&ents of threats or the e&$lo#er if there is a reasona%le interference that the anti(union conduct of the e&$lo#er does ha1e an ad1erse e@ect of self( organi?ation and collecti1e %argaining/ (The Insular Life N!TU 1s/ The Insular Life) B) EQ!>PLE*' BG/ Outright and unconcealed inti&idation B4/ In order that interrogation would not %e dee&ed coerci1e' a) The e&$lo#er &ust co&&unicate to the e&$lo#ee the $ur$ose of :uestioning) %) !ssure hi& that no re$risal would ta,e $lace) and c) O%tain e&$lo#ee $artici$ation 1oluntaril#/ B2/ >ust %e free fro& e&$lo#er hostilit# to union organi?ation B;/ >ust not %e coerci1e in nature B5/ Inti&idating e0$ressions of o$inion %# e&$lo#er !n e&$lo#er who interfered with the right to self( organi?ation %efore a union is registered can %e held guilt# of ULP (*a&ahan ng >anggagawa sa Bandolino 1s/ NLR) 1%.WHAT IS THE TOTALITY OCTRINE? La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page 5 Totalit of (ond)ct Doctrine F The cul$a%ilit# of e&$lo#erHs re&ar,s is to %e e1aluated not onl# on the %asis of their i&$lications- %ut against the %ac,ground of and in conAunction with collateral circu&stances/ 1'.WHAT IS A YELLOW OG CONTRACT? ! #ellow dog contract is a $ro&ise e0acted fro& wor,ers as a condition of e&$lo#&ent that the# are not to %elong to- or atte&$ts to foster- a union during their $eriod of e&$lo#&ent/ It is null and 1oid %ecause it is contrar# to $u%lic $olic# co? tanta&ount to in1oluntar# ser1itude- it is entered without consideration for e&$lo#ees in wai1ing their right to self(organi?ation- and the e&$lo#ees are coerced to sign contracts disad1antageous to their fa&il#/ 1(.WHEN OES CONTRACTING O!T SERVICES BECOME !L"? ontracting out ser1ices is not ULP $er se/ It is ULP onl# when the following conditions e0ist' a) The ser1ice contracted out are %eing $erfor&ed %# union &e&%ers) and %) *uch contracting out interferes with- restrains- or coerce e&$lo#ees in the e0ercise of their right to self(organi?ation/ ----------------------------------- !NFAIR LABOR "RACTICE ----------------------------------- 1. A) CAN AN !L" BE COMMITTE AGAINST S!"ERVISORY EM"LOYEES? It de$ends/ GENERAL R!LE$ *u$er1isor# e&$lo#ees can for& la%or organi?ation/ "ence- LO R ULP/ E?CE"TION$ If the su$er1isor# e&$lo#ee e0ercise functions that of the sa&e as &anagerial e&$lo#ee (test of su$er1isor# status)- the# are dis:ualifed fro& for&ing or Aoining la%or organi?ations/ "ence- no LO R no ULP/ NOTE' Test of su$er1isor# status F su$er1isor# status should %e deter&ined on whether the reco&&endator# $ower of the e&$lo#ee is e@ecti1e and not &erel# routinar# or clerical in nature- %ut re:uires the use of inde$endent Audg&ent/ B) CONFIENTIAL EM"LOYEES? It de$ends/ If the confdential e&$lo#ees ha1e access to la%or relations infor&ation the# are >1sF;-41G2> fro& for&ing or Aoining la%or organi?ations- therefore no LO R no ULP/ (Doctrine of necessar# i&$lication) 2. HOW OES INTERFERENCE MANIFESTE? %2ee No$ -&A3 pa0e 4. %. YELLOW OG ONTRACT? %2ee No$-+3 pa0e 4. '. HOW OES CONTRACTING O!T SERVICES MANIFESTE? %2ee No$-43 pa0e 4. (. REMEY IF THE !NION IS OMINATE BY EM"LOYER? DI*E*T!BLI*">ENT ). A) HOW OES ISCRIMINATION MANIFESTE? To discri&inate in regard to wages- hours of wor,- and other ter&s and conditions of e&$lo#&ent in order to encourage or discourage &e&%ershi$ in an# la%or organi?ation/ B) WHEN CAN WE SAY THERE IS ISCRIMINATION? Bhene1er %enefts or $ri1ileges gi1en to one is not gi1en to the other under si&ilar or identical conditions when directed to encourage or discourage union &e&%ershi$/ * (OM!ONENT$ O+ DI$(RIMIN#TION: BG/ It $rohi%its discri&ination in ter&s and conditions of e&$lo#&ent in order to encourage or discourage &e&%ershi$ in the union) B4/ It gi1es 1alidit# to union securit# agree&ents) and B2/ It allows an agenc# sho$ arrange&ent where%# agenc# fees &a# %e collected fro& non( union &e&%ers/ 7. !NION SEC!RITY AGREEMENTS? The# are sti$ulations in the B! re:uiring &e&%ershi$ in the contracting union as a condition for e&$lo#&ent or retention of e&$lo#&ent in the co&$an#/ *. TY"ES OF !NION SEC!RITY AGREEMENTS (C!MM-"A-BE) a/ CLOSE-SHO" AGREEMENT F The e&$lo#er underta,es not to e&$lo# an# indi1idual who is not a &e&%er of the contracting union and the La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page 6 said indi1idual once e&$lo#ed &ust- for the duration of the agree&ent- re&ain a &e&%er of the union in good standing as a condition for continued e&$lo#&ent) %/ !NION SHO" AGREEMENT F *ti$ulation where%# an# $erson can %e e&$lo#ed %# the e&$lo#er %ut once e&$lo#ed such e&$lo#ee &ust- within a s$ecifc $eriod- %eco&e a &e&%er of the contracting union and re&ain as such in good standing for continued e&$lo#&ent for the duration of the B!) c/ MAINTENANCE OF MEMBERSHI" SHO" AGREEMENT F The agree&ent does not re:uire non &e&%ers to Aoin the contracting union %ut $ro1ides that those who are &e&%ers thereof at the ti&e of the e0ecution of the B! and those who &a# thereafter %eco&e &e&%ers &ust &aintain their &e&%ershi$ for the duration of the agree&ent) d/ MOIFIE !NION SHO" F E&$lo#ees who are not union &e&%ers at the ti&e of signing the contract need not Aoin the union- %ut all the wor,ers hired thereafter &ust Aoin) e/ "REFERENTIAL SHO" AGREEMENT F !n agree&ent where%# the e&$lo#er &erel# agrees to gi1e $reference to the &e&%ers of the %argaining union in hiring- $ro&otion or flling 1acancies and retention in case of la#(o@) f/ AGENCY SHO" AGREEMENT F !n agree&ent where%# e&$lo#ees &ust either Aoin the union or $a# to the union as the e0clusi1e %argaining agent a su& e:ual to that $aid %# the &e&%ers) g/ BARGAINING FOR MEMBERS ONLY F The union is recogni?ed as the %argaining agent onl# for its own &e&%ers) h/ E?CL!SIVE BARGAINING SHO" F The union is recogni?ed as the e0clusi1e %argaining agent for all e&$lo#ees in the %argaining unit- whether union &e&%ers or not/ +. WHEN OES GIVING A TESTIMONY BECOME A !L"? It is the e&$lo#erHs retaliator# act regardless of the su%Aect of e&$lo#eeHs co&$laint or testi&on#/ In e@ect- if a retaliator# act is done under !rt/GGK- the conse:uence is ULP under !rt/ 4;K(f)/ 1,.HOW OES THE !TY TO BARGAIN COLLECTIVELY MANIFESTE? (Art.2(2 B 2(%) 5here NO CBA 67ists %Art$&4&. The dut# to %argain collecti1el# &eans the $erfor&ance of &utual o%ligation' a/ TO >EET !ND ONIENE $ro&$tl# and e0$editiousl# in good faith for the $ur$ose of negotiating an agree&ent with res$ect to wages- hours of wor, and all other ter&s and conditions of e&$lo#&ent including $ro$osals for adAusting an# grie1ances or :uestions arising under such agree&ent) and %/ TO EQEUTE ! ONTR!T incor$orating such agree&ents if re:uested %# either $art#/ LIMITATION2: a/ The dut# to %argain collecti1el# does not co&$el an# $art# to' G) agree to a $ro$osal) 4) &a,e a concession) or 2) &a,e roo& for Sta,e it or lea1e itH $osture/ %/ The $arties cannot sti$ulate ter&s and conditions of e&$lo#&ent which are %elow the &ini&u& re:uire&ents $rescri%ed %# law/ 5here CBA 67ists %Art$&4'. Bhen there is an e0isting B!- the dut# to %argain collecti1el# shall also &ean that neither $art# shall ter&inate nor &odif# such agree&ent during its lifeti&e/ It is the dut# of %oth $arties to' a/ Tee$ the status :uo) and %/ To continue in the full force and e@ect the ter&s and conditions of the e0isting B!/ 68C6/TION: During the 6<(da# $eriod $rior to its e0$iration- u$on ser1ice of a written notice of a $art#Hs intention to ter&inate or &odif# the sa&e- a $art# &a# choose to ter&inate or &odif# the non(re$resentational as$ect of the B! onl# after the e0$iration of B! of f0ed duration/ 11.HOW THE VIOLATION OF CBA BE CONSIERE AN !L"? Iiolations of a B! shall no longer %e treated as ULP and shall %e resol1ed as grie1ances under the B!- e0ce$t if the 1iolations of the B! are gross in character/ 9or $ur$oses of this article- gross 1iolations of the B! shall &ean Pagrant and.or &alicious refusal to co&$l# with the econo&ic $ro1isions of such agree&ent/ (!rt/46G) 12.CAN A LABOR ORG COMMIT !L"? =E*/ (!rt/4;L) 3R(d(I . $(!(I7 a/ To restrain or coerce e&$lo#ees in the e0ercise of their right to self(organi?ation/ "owe1er- a la%or organi?ation shall ha1e La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page J the right to $rescri%e its own rules with res$ect to the ac:uisition or retention of &e&%ershi$) %/ To <ause or atte&$t to cause an e&$lo#er to >iscri&inate against an e&$lo#ee- including discri&ination against an e&$lo#ee with res$ect to who& &e&%ershi$ in such organi?ation has %een denied or to ter&inate an e&$lo#ee on an# ground other than the usual ter&s and conditions under which &e&%ershi$ or continuation of &e&%ershi$ is &ade a1aila%le to other &e&%ers) c/ To Eiolate the dut# or refuse to %argain collecti1el# with the e&$lo#er $ro1ided that it is the re$resentati1e of the e&$lo#ees) d/ To <ause or atte&$t to cause an e&$lo#er to $a# or deli1er or agree to $a# or deli1er an# &one# or other things of 1alue- in the nature of an e0action- for ser1ices which are not $erfor&ed or not to %e $erfor&ed- including the de&and for a fee for union negotiations) e/ To -s, for or acce$t negotiation or !ttorne#Hs fees fro& e&$lo#ers as $art of the settle&ent of an# issue in collecti1e %argaining or an# other dis$ute) f/ To grossl# Eiolate a collecti1e %argaining agree&ent/ 1%.WHAT IS FEATHERBEING? 9eather%edding (&a,e(wor, acti1ities) refers to the $ractice of the union or its agents in causing or atte&$ting to cause an e&$lo#er to $a# or deli1er or agree to $a# or deli1er &one# or other things of 1alue- in the nature of e0action- for ser1ices which are not $erfor&ed or not to %e $erfor&ed- as when a union de&ands that the e&$lo#er &aintain $ersonnel in e0cess of the latterHs re:uire&ents/ NOTE: It is not feather%edding if the wor, is $erfor&ed no &atter how unnecessar# or useless it &a# %e/ 1'.HOW OES A !NION VIOLATE THE !TY TO BARGAIN COLLECTIVELY BE CONSIERE AN !L"? "O9* %+. "O*M2 O" 9L/ IN BA*:AININ: a/ 9ailure or refusal to &eet and con1ene) %/ E1ading the &andator# su%Aects of %argaining/ (Mandatory 2ub;ects includes wages- hours or wor,- grie1ance &achiner#- 1oluntar# ar%itration- fa&il# $lanning- rates of $a#- and &utual o%ser1ance clause)) c/ Bad faith in %argaining (boulwaris)- which occurs when the e&$lo#er directl# %argains with the e&$lo#ee disregarding the union/ The e&$lo#er su%&its its $ro$osals and ado$ts a Sta,e it or lea1e itH stand/ This is not negotiation %ecause such stand i&$lies threat)/ Bad faith %argaining also includes failure or refusal to e0ecute the B! if re:uested) and d/ 8ross 1iolation of the B!/ 3NOTE: <iolations o! the CBA3 e7cept those which are :*O22 in character3 shall no lon0er be treated as an 9L/ but as a 0rie1ance under the CBA %Art$&=-.$7 1(.WHO ARE CRIMINALLY LIABLE FOR !L"? 9L/ O" 6M/LO>6*2 %Art$&+,. Onl# the o+cers and agents of cor$orations- associations or $artnershi$s who ha1e actuall# $artici$ated in- authori?ed or ratifed ULP shall %e held cri&inall# lia%le/ 9L/ O" LABO* O*:ANI?ATION2 %Art$&+(. The o+cers- &e&%ers of go1erning %oards- re$resentati1es or agents or &e&%ers of la%or associations or organi?ations who ha1e actuall# $artici$ated in- authori?ed or ratifed ULP shall %e held cri&inall# lia%le/ (!rt/4;L) ------------------------------------------------ COLLECTIVE BARGAINING "ROCESS ------------------------------------------------ 1. H!RISICTIONAL "RECONITIONS OF CBA (E"") a/ E&$lo#er(e&$lo#ee relationshi$) %/ "ossession of the status of &aAorit# re$resentation %# the e&$lo#eesH re$resentati1e in accordance with an# of the &eans of selection or designation $ro1ided for %# the La%or ode) c/ "roof of &aAorit# re$resentation (ertifcation of the BLR that the re$resentati1e of the e&$lo#ees is the sole and e0clusi1e %argaining agent ha1ing won in a certifcation election)) and d/ e&and to %argain under !rt/ 45<(a) of the La%or ode/ 2. F!NAMENTAL FACTORS IN FI?ING AN A""RO"RIATE BARGAINING !NIT (') -$ Glo%e Doctrine F the e0$ress will or desire of the e&$lo#ees) &$ Co&&unit# of Interest Doctrine or the *u%stantial >utual Interest Rule F the su%stantial and &utualit# interests factor/ La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page K 3NOTE: Thin0s To Consider in Deter)inin0 Co))unity o! Interest: %a. 2i)ilarity in scale@)anner o! deter)inin0 earnin0sA b. 2i)ilarity in e)ploy)ent beneBts3 hours o! worC and other ter)s D conditions o! e)ploy)entA %c. 2i)ilarity in Cinds o! worC per!or)edA %d. 2i)ilarity in EualiBcations3 sCills and trainin0 o! the e)ployeesA %e. 2i)ilarity in super1ision and deter)ination o! labor relations policyA %!. "reEuency o! contract or interchan0e a)on0 the e)ployeesA %0. Fistory o! pre1ious collecti1e bar0ainin0A %h. Desires o! the aGected e)ployeesA and %i. 67tent o! union or0aniHation$ '$ Histor# or the $rior B! histor#) +$ E&$lo#&ent status such as' (a) Te&$orar#- (%) *easonal- (c) Pro%ationar# E&$lo#ee %. A) ONE COM"ANY & ONE !NION "OLICY The $roliferation of unions in an e&$lo#er unit is discouraged as a &atter of $olic# unless there are co&$elling reasons which would den# a certain class of e&$lo#ees the right to self(organi?ation for $ur$oses of collecti1e %argaining/ B) E?CE"TIONS (%) a) *u$er1isor# e&$lo#ees who are allowed to for& their own unions a$art fro& the ran,( and(fle e&$lo#ees) %) Two co&$anies cannot %e treated into a single %argaining unit e1en if their %usinesses are related) c) *u%sidiaries or cor$orations for&ed out of for&er di1isions of a &other co&$an# following a reorgani?ation &a# constitute a se$arate %argaining unit/ '. A) VOL!NTARY RECOGNITION Ioluntar# Recognition is the $rocess where%# the e&$lo#er recogni?es a la%or organi?ation as the e0clusi1e %argaining re$resentati1e of the e&$lo#ees in the a$$ro$riate %argaining unit after a showing that the la%or organi?ation is su$$orted %# at least a &aAorit# of the e&$lo#ees in the %argaining unit/ B) RE#!IREMENTS (!1M) BG/ Ioluntar# recognition is $ossi%le onl# in an !NOR8!NICED esta%lish&ent) B4/ Onl# ONE (1) UNION is as,ing for recognition) B2/ The union 1oluntaril# recogni?ed should %e the M!UORIT= union as indicated %# the fact that &e&%ers of the %argaining unit did not o%Aect to the $roAected recognition/ C) LEGAL EFFECTS OF VOL!NTARY RECOGNITION Through 1oluntar# recognition %# the e&$lo#er- the la%or organi?ation is recogni?ed %# the e&$lo#er as the e0clusi1e %argaining agent which &a# collecti1el# %argain with such e&$lo#er/ (. CERTIFICATION ELECTION ertifcation Election is the $rocess of deter&ining %# secret %allot the sole and e0clusi1e %argaining agent of the e&$lo#ees in an a$$ro$riate %argaining unit- for $ur$oses of collecti1e %argaining (e&$lo#ees in the 2 $a#roll $eriod $rior to the certifcation election &a# 1ote)/ The election is conducted under the su$er1ision and control of DOLE o+cials/ It ends u$ with a for&al and o+cial state&ent of results- certif#ing which union won- if an#/ "ence- the election is a$$ro$riatel# called Ncertifcation election/O ertifcation election can %e fled an#ti&e if there is no B! or is not registered/ It can %e fled during the freedo& $eriod if there is an incu&%ent B!/ ). CONTRACT BAR R!LE Bhile a 1alid and registered B! is su%sisting for a 9IQED PERIOD O9 5 =R*- the Bureau is not allowed to hold an election contesting the &aAorit# status of the incu&%ent union EQEPT during the si0t# (6<) da#($eriod i&&ediatel# $rior to its e0$iration- which $eriod is called the 9REEDO> PERIOD/ (!rt/42G) 7. WHO CAN FILE A "ETITION FOR CERTIFICATION ELECTION ("CE)? a/ Legiti&ate La%or Organi?ation (LLO) including a national union or federation which has alread# issued a charter certifcate to its local cha$ter $artici$ating in the certifcation election %/ Local cha$ter which has %een issued a charter certifcate %# the national union or federation c/ The e&$lo#er ( when re:uested %# the e&$lo#ees F &a# fle a PE in an unorgani?ed esta%lish&ent/ NOTE$ DURIN8 T"E PENDEN= 9OR RE8I*TR!TION- T"E L/O/ !N !LRE!D= 9ILE ! PE/ !L*O UPON T"E I**U!NE O9 "!RTER ERTI9I!TE TO ! LO!L "!PTER/ La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page L *. RE#!ISITES IN AN ORGANIZE ESTABLISHMENT (Art.2()) In organi?ed esta%lish&ents- when a 1erifed $etition :uestioning the &aAorit# status of the incu&%ent %argaining agent is fled %# an# LLO including a national union or federation which has alread# issued a charter certifcate to its local cha$ter $artici$ating in the E or a local cha$ter which has %een issued a charter certifcate %# the national union or federation %efore the DOLE within the 6<(da# $eriod %efore the e0$iration of the B!- the >ed(!r%iter shall auto&aticall# order an election %# secret %allot when the 1erifed $etition is su$$orted %# the written consent of at least 45M of all the e&$lo#ees in the %argaining unit to ascertain the will of the e&$lo#ees in the a$$ro$riate %argaining unit/ To ha1e a 1alid election- at least a &aAorit# of all eligi%le 1oters in the unit &ust ha1e cast their 1otes/ The la%or union recei1ing the &aAorit# of the 1alid 1otes cast shall %e certifed as the e0clusi1e %argaining agent of all the wor,ers in the unit/ +. R!LES IN THE 2(C CONSENT RE#!IREMENT INCL!ING WITHRAWAL OF CONSENT In deciding whether the 45M re:uire&ent is a$$lica%le or not- the law considers the BU in1ol1ed- not the whole enter$rise/ This- again- &a,es it eas# for wor,ers to unioni?e- a %asic o%Aecti1e of la%or relations law/ In an organi?ed esta%lish&ent- the PE &ust %e su$$orted %# the written consent of at least 45M of all the e&$lo#ees in the a$$ro$riate %argaining unit (!rt/456)/ The 45M initial su$$ort indicates that the $etitioner has a fair chance of winning and that the $etition is not Aust a nuisance/ But in an unorgani?ed esta%lish&ent- the 45M consent signature re:uire&ent is not a$$lica%le/ ! grou$ of su$er1isors (unioni?ed) who fles a PE does not need to $resent 45M &ini&u& su$$ort %ecause such is considered unorgani?ed/ The $etition for E in1ol1es onl# the su$er1isors- not the ran,(and(fle/ Insofar as the su$er1isors are concerned- the Nesta%lish&entO is considered unioni?ed/ "ence the re:uire&ent for 45M su$$ort to the $etition does not a$$l#/ 6Gect o! 5ithdrawal o! 2i0natories ! critical fact to consider is whether the withdrawal ha$$ened %efore or after the fling of the $etition/ If it ha$$ened 5283r2 the fling- the withdrawal is 0r2s;72> E34;.t-r/ and it does not a@ect the $ro$riet# of the $etition) if -8t2r- the withdrawal is >2272> 1.E34;.t-r/ ($erha$s $ressured %# the e&$lo#er) and it does not necessaril# cause the dis&issal of the $etition The $resu&$tion would arise that the withdrawal was $rocured through duress- coercion or for 1alua%le consideration/ In other words- the distinction &ust %e that withdrawals &ade %efore the fling of the $etition are $resu&ed 1oluntar# unless there is con1incing $roof to the contrar#- whereas withdrawals &ade after the fling of the $etition are dee&ed in1oluntar#/ The reason for such distinction is that if the withdrawal or retraction is &ade %efore the fling of the $etition- the na&es of e&$lo#ees su$$orting the $etition are su$$osed to %e held secret to the o$$osite $art#/ Logicall#- an# such withdrawal or retraction shows 1oluntariness in the a%sence of $roof to the contrar#/ 1,.WHEN TO FILE MOTION FOR INTERVENTION? *ection 6- Rule I- Boo, I of the i&$le&enting Rules $ro1ides that a $etition for certifcation election or a &otion for inter1ention can onl# %e entertained within si0t# da#s $rior to the e0$ir# date of an e0isting collecti1e %argaining agree&ent/ NOTE$ Incu&%ent B! is an auto&atic inter1enor on the PE- &eaning it need not fle a >otion for Inter1ention/ 11.H!RISICTION OF ME ARBITER ON THE ACTION FOR "CE ! >ed !r%iter &a# deter&ine if there is e&$lo#er( e&$lo#ee relationshi$ and if the 1oters are eligi%le/ "e will decide whether to grant or den# the PE/ !ll issues $ertaining to the e0istence of e&$lo#er( e&$lo#ee relationshi$ or to eligi%ilit# to union &e&%ershi$ shall %e resol1ed in the order or decision granting or den#ing the $etition for certifcation election/ In other words- those issues do not stall the PE and the# are not grounds for dis&issing a PE/ It is a%surd to suggest that the >ed(!r%iter and *ecretar# of La%or cannot &a,e their own inde$endent fnding as to the sentence of such relationshi$ and &ust ha1e to rel# and wait for such a deter&ination %# the La%or !r%iter or NLR in a se$arate $roceeding/ 9or then- gi1en a situation where there is no se$arate co&$laint fled with the La%or !r%iter- the >ed(!r%iter and.or the *ecretar# of La%or can ne1er decide a E case or an# la%or(&anage&ent dis$ute $ro$erl# %rought %efore the& as the# ha1e no La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page G< authorit# to deter&ine the e0istence of an e&$lo#er(e&$lo#ee relationshi$/ *uch a $ro$osition is- to sa# the least- ano&alous/ Once there is a deter&ination as to the e0istence of such a relationshi$- the &ed(ar%iter can then decide the E case/ !s the authorit# to deter&ine the e&$lo#er(e&$lo#ee relationshi$ is necessar# and indis$ensa%le in the e0ercise of Aurisdiction %# the >ed(!r%iter- his fnding thereon &a# onl# %e re1iewed and re1ersed %# the *ecretar# of La%or who e0ercises a$$ellate Aurisdiction under !rticle 45L of the L- as a&ended/ 12.CONSENT ELECTION Li,e a E- its $ur$ose is the sa&e- na&el#- to fnd out which union should ser1e as the %argaining agent/ The di@erence is that a certifcation is ordered %# the De$art&ent while a consent election is 1oluntaril# agreed u$on %# the $arties- with or without the inter1ention of the De$art&ent/ Two or &ore unions are in1ol1ed in a consent election/ !nd li,e certifcation election- consent election &a# ta,e $lace in an unorgani?ed or organi?ed esta%lish&ent/ 1%.GRO!NS FOR ISMISSAL ON THE "ETITION FOR CERTIFICATION ELECTION (() (.O.',- ,%) a/ Petitioner is not listed in the de$art&entHs registr# of legiti&ate la%or unions or that its legal $ersonalit# has %een re1o,ed or cancelled with fnalit#) %/ Petition was fled %efore or after the freedo& $eriod of a dul# registered B!- $ro1ided that the 6< da# $eriod %ased on the original B! shall not %e a@ected %# an# a&end&ent- e0tension- or renewal of the B!) c/ Petition was fled within G #ear fro& entr# of 1oluntar# recognition or a 1alid certifcation- consent- or run(o@ election and no a$$eal on the results thereof is $ending) d/ ! dul# certifed union has co&&enced an sustained negotiations with the e&$lo#er or there e0ists a %argaining deadloc, which had %een su%&itted to conciliation or ar%itration or had %eco&e the su%Aect of a 1alid notice of stri,e or loc,out to which an incu&%ent or certifed %argaining agent is a $art#) e/ In case of an organi?ed esta%lish&ent- failure to su%&it the 45M su$$ort re:uire&ent for the fling of the PE/ 1'.WHO ARE #!ALIFIE TO VOTE IN CERTIFICATION ELECTION? !ll e&$lo#ees who are &e&%ers of the a$$ro$riate %argaining unit sought to %e re$resented %# the $etitioner at the ti&e of the issuance of the order granting the conduct of a certifcation election shall %e eligi%le to 1ote/ The list of 1oters should %e %ased on the e&$lo#er(certifed list of e&$lo#ees in the BU or $a#rolls/ If the e&$lo#er does not su%&it the list or $a#rolls- the union &a# su%&it its own list/ E1en the list of e&$lo#ees su%&itted to the *** &a# %e used as %asis to co&$rise the list of 1oters for the E/ NIt should ideall# %e the $a#roll which should ha1e %een used for the $ur$ose of the election/ "owe1er- the unAustifed refusal of a co&$an# to su%&it the $a#roll in its custod#- des$ite e@orts to &a,e it $roduce it- co&$elled resort to the *** list as the ne0t %est source of infor&ation/ !fter all- the *** list is a $u%lic record whose regularit# is $resu&ed/O Onl# the e&$lo#ees who are directl# e&$lo#ed %# the e&$lo#er and wor,ing along the acti1ities to which the e&$lo#er is engaged and lin,ed %# e&$lo#er(e&$lo#ee relationshi$ are :ualifed to $artici$ate in the certifcation election- Nirres$ecti1e of the $eriod of their e&$lo#&ent/O E&$lo#ees of an inde$endent contractor who underta,es to do a $iece of wor, for his account and res$onsi%ilit#- with &ini&u& interference on the $art of the other contracting $art# (indirect e&$lo#er)- not %eing la%orers or e&$lo#ees of the latter- are not :ualifed to $artici$ate therein/ In case of disagree&ent o1er the 1otersV list or o1er the eligi%ilit# of 1oters- all contested 1oters shall %e allowed to 1ote/ But their 1otes shall %e segregated and sealed in indi1idual en1elo$es in accordance with *ections G< and GG of this Rule/ 1(.NOTICE OF ELECTION RE#!IREMENTS The Election O+cer shall cause the $osting of notice of election at least ten (G<) da#s %efore the actual date of the election in two (4) &ost cons$icuous $laces in the co&$an# $re&ises/ The notice shall contain' (a) the date and ti&e of the election) (%) na&es of all contending unions) (c) the descri$tion of the %argaining unit and the list of eligi%le and challenged 1oters/ La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page GG The $osting of the notice of election- the infor&ation re:uired to %e included therein and the duration of $osting cannot %e wai1ed %# the contending unions or the e&$lo#er/ It is &andator#/ 1).A) GRO!NS FOR CHALLENGING VOTES? !n authori?ed re$resentati1e of an# of the contending unions and e&$lo#er &a# challenge a 1ote %efore it is de$osited in the %allot %o0 onl# on an# of the following grounds' (a) that there is no e&$lo#er(e&$lo#ee relationshi$ %etween the 1oter and the co&$an#) (%) that the 1oter is not a &e&%er of the a$$ro$riate %argaining unit which $etitioner see,s to re$resent/ B) R!LES IN CHALLENGING OF VOTES Bhen a 1ote is $ro$erl# challenged- the Election O+cer shall $lace the %allot in an en1elo$e which shall %e sealed in the $resence of the 1oter and the re$resentati1es of the contending unions and e&$lo#er/ The Election O+cer shall indicate on the en1elo$e the 1oterVs na&e- the union or e&$lo#er challenging the 1oter- and the ground for the challenge/ The sealed en1elo$e shall then %e signed %# the Election O+cer and the re$resentati1es of the contending unions and e&$lo#er/ The Election O+cer shall note all challenges in the &inutes of the election and shall %e res$onsi%le for consolidating all en1elo$es containing the challenged 1otes/ The en1elo$es shall %e o$ened and the :uestion of eligi%ilit# shall %e $assed u$on onl# if the nu&%er of segregated 1oters will &ateriall# alter the results of the election/ 17.R!LES ON ELECTION "ROTEST !n# $art#(in(interest &a# fle a $rotest %ased on the conduct or &echanics of the election/ *uch $rotests shall %e recorded in the &inutes of the election $roceedings/ Protests not so raised are dee&ed wai1ed/ The $rotesting $art# &ust for&ali?e its $rotest with the >ed(!r%iter- with s$ecifc grounds- argu&ents and e1idence- within f1e (5) da#s after the close of the election $roceedings/ If not recorded in the &inutes and for&ali?ed within the $rescri%ed $eriod- the $rotest shall %e dee&ed dro$$ed/ NOTE$ IA!ter the close o! election proceedin0sJ &eans the $eriod fro& closing of the $olls to the counting and ta%ulation of the 1otes/ 1*.R!N-OFF ELECTION Bhen an election which $ro1ides for three (2) or &ore choices results in none of the contending unions recei1ing a &aAorit# of the 1alid 1otes cast- and there are no o%Aections or challenges which if sustained can &ateriall# alter the results- the Election O+cer shall )otu propio conduct a run(o@ election within ten (G<) da#s fro& the close of the election $roceedings %etween the la%or unions recei1ing the two highest nu&%er of 1otes) $ro1ided- that the total nu&%er of 1otes for all contending unions is at least fft# (5<M) $ercent of the nu&%er of 1otes cast/ WNo UnionW shall not %e a choice in the run(o@ election/ Notice of run(o@ elections shall %e $osted %# the Election O+cer at least f1e (5) da#s %efore the actual date of run(o@ election/ ----------------------------------------------- "CE @ BAR TO "CE @ A""EAL ---------------------------------------------- 1. FO!R CONITIONS BEFORE R!N-OFF ELECTION MAY BE CON!CTE ! run(o@ election is $ro$er if these concurrent conditions e0ist- na&el#' a/ a 1alid election too, $lace %ecause &aAorit# of the BU &e&%ers 1oted/ %/ the election $resented a least three choices- e$0$- Union One- Union Two- and No Union- &eaning there are at least two union Ncandidates/O 9urther- not one of the unions o%tained the &aAorit# of the 1alid 1otes/ c/ the total nu&%er of 1otes for all the unions is at least 5<M of the 1alid 1otes cast/ d/ there is no unresol1ed challenge of 1oter or election $rotest/ 2. WHO ARE #!ALIFIE TO VOTE FOR CERTIFICATION ELECTION %2ee No$-43 pa0e -K. %. A) CAN "ROBATIONARY OR NON-REG!LAR EM"LOYEES VOTE FOR CERTIFICATION ELECTION? =E*/ In a certifcation election all ran,(and(fle e&$lo#ees in the a$$ro$riate %argaining unit are entitled to 1ote/ This $rinci$le is clearl# stated in !rt/ 455 of the La%or ode which states that the La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page G4 Wla%or organi?ation designated or selected %# the &aAorit# of the e&$lo#ees in an a$$ro$riate %argaining unit shall %e the e0clusi1e re$resentati1e of the e&$lo#ees in such unit for the $ur$ose of collecti1e %argaining/W ollecti1e %argaining co1ers all as$ects of the e&$lo#&ent relation and the resultant B! negotiated %# the certifed union %inds all e&$lo#ees in the %argaining unit/ "ence- all ran,( and(fle e&$lo#ees- $ro%ationar# or $er&anent- ha1e a su%stantial interest in the selection of the %argaining re$resentati1e/ The ode &a,es no distinction as to their e&$lo#&ent status as %asis for eligi%ilit# in su$$orting the $etition for certifcation election/ The law refers to WallW the e&$lo#ees in the %argaining unit/ !ll the# need to %e eligi%le to su$$ort the $etition is to %elong to the W%argaining unitW/ B) ISMISSE EM"LOYEES WHO FILE "ETITION FOR ILLEGAL ISMISSAL? IT DEPEND*/ !n e&$lo#ee who has %een dis&issed fro& wor, %ut has contested the legalit# of the dis&issal in a foru& of a$$ro$riate Aurisdiction at the ti&e of the issuance of the order for the conduct of a certifcation election shall %e considered a :ualifed 1oter- ;.42ss his.her dis&issal was declared fnal Audg&ent at the ti&e of the conduct of the certifcation election/ In Phili$$ine Auris$rudence it is now settled that e&$lo#ees who ha1e %een i&$ro$erl# laid o@ %ut who ha1e a $resent- una%andoned right to or e0$ectation of re(e&$lo#&ent- are eligi%le to 1ote in certifcation elections/ Thus- and to re$eat- if the dis&issal is under :uestion- as in the case now at %ar where%# a case of illegal dis&issal and.or unfair la%or $ractice was fled- the e&$lo#ees concerned could still :ualif# to 1ote in the elections/ C) MEMBERS OF RELIGIO!S SECT? =E*/ In the E all &e&%ers of the unit- whether union &e&%ers or not- ha1e the right to 1ote/ Union &e&%ershi$ is not a $rere:uisite/ If &aAorit# of the unit &e&%ers do not want a union- as e0$ressed in the E- such &aAorit# decision &ust %e res$ected/ Logicall#- the right NOT to Aoin- a+liate with- or assist an# union- and to disa+liate or resign fro& a la%or organi?ation- is su%su&ed in the right to Aoin- a+liate with- or assist an# union- and to &aintain &e&%ershi$ therein/ The right to for& or Aoin a la%or organi?ation necessaril# includes the right to refuse or refrain fro& e0ercising said right/ It is self(e1ident that Aust as no one should %e denied the e0ercise of a right granted %# law- so also- no one should %e co&$elled to e0ercise such a conferred right/ The res$ondentsV argu&ent that the $etitioners are dis:ualifed to 1ote %ecause the# Ware not constituted into a dul# organi?ed la%or unionW X W%ut &e&%ers of the Iglesia Ni risto (IN) which $rohi%its its followers- on religious grounds- fro& Aoining or for&ing an# la%or organi?ationW X and Whence- not one of the unions which 1ied for certifcation as sole and e0clusi1e %argaining re$resentati1e-W is s$ecious/ Neither law- ad&inistrati1e rule nor Auris$rudence re:uires that onl# e&$lo#ees a+liated with an# la%or organi?ation &a# ta,e $art in a certifcation election/ On the contrar#- the $lainl# discerni%le intend&ent of the law is to grant the right to 1ote to all %ona fde e&$lo#ees in the %argaining unit- whether the# are &e&%ers of a la%or organi?ation or not/ ) STRIAING EM"LOYEES? *tri,ers are eligi%le to 1ote in a certifcation election %ecause the# continue to enAo# e&$lo#ee status during the stri,e- unless- in the &eanti&e- the# are declared to ha1e lost their e&$lo#ee status/ (R/ Trans$ort or$/ 1s/ Lagues&a) '. A) IN CASE A VOTE IS CHALLENGEI WHAT SHO!L BE ONE? @ R!LES ON CHALLENGING OF VOTES? %2ee No$-=B3 /a0e -K. (. "OSTING OF NOTICE OF ELECTION IS A MANATORY RE#!IREMENT %2ee No$-43 pa0e -K. ). GRO!NS FOR CHALLENGING OF VOTES %2ee No$-=A3 /a0e -K. 7. CAN A CERTIFICATION ELECTION BE CON!CTE !RING A STRIAE? >62$ %ChecC Asian Desi0n 1s$ "errerCalle;a. *. A) CAN A LABOR ORGANIZATION FILE A MOTION FOR INTERVENTION IN !NORGANIZE ESTABLISHMENT? In unorgani?ed esta%lish&ents- a legiti&ate la%or organi?ation with su%stantial interest in the certifcation election &a# fle a &otion for La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page G2 inter1entionY (*ec/ K- Rule IIII- Boo, I- Rules I&$le&enting the La%or ode) B) AT WHAT "ERIO OF TIME? Y at an# ti&e $rior to the decision of the >ed( !r%iter/ +. CAN AN EM"LOYER FILE A "CE? =es- in an UNOR8!NICED esta%lish&ent/ (!rt/45K) 1,.E?CE"TIONS TO THE BY-STANER "RINCI"LE B#(stander $rinci$le &a# not %e a$$lied if the e&$lo#er in1o,es the following grounds to $rotect his interest' a/ Non(e0istence of Er(Ee relationshi$ %etween the co&$an# and the e&$lo#ees sought to %e re$resented %# the $etitioning union/ %/ Petitioning union has no legiti&ac# or legal $ersonalit#/ c/ Petition is not su$$orted %# the written consent of 45M of the e&$lo#ees within the %argaining unit/ d/ Bargaining unit %eing re$resented %# the $etitioning union is not an a$$ro$riate %argaining unit/ e/ ontract(%ar rule f/ Ioluntar# recognition(#ear %ar rule g/ Election(#ear %ar rule h/ Negotiation(#ear %ar rule i/ Deadloc, %ar rule 11.CONTRACT BAR R!LE %2ee No$=3 pa0e ,. 12.VOL!NTARY RECOGNITION R!LE No PE &a# %e fled within one #ear fro& the date of a 1alid 1oluntar# recognition/ 1%.ELECTION YEAR BAR R!LE No PE &a# %e fled within one #ear fro& the date of a 1alid certifcation- consent- or run(o@ election or fro& the date of 1oluntar# recognition/ 1'.NEGOTIATION YEAR BAR R!LE ! PE cannot %e entertained if- %efore the fling of the PE- the dul# recogni?ed or certifed union has co&&enced negotiation with the e&$lo#er in accordance with !rt/45</ 1(.EALOCA BAR R!LE ! PE cannot %e entertained if %efore the fling of the PE- a %argaining deadloc, to which an incu&%ent or certifed %argaining agent is a $art#- had %een su%&itted to conciliation or ar%itration or had %eco&e the su%Aect of a 1alid notice of stri,e or loc,out/ The one(#ear %ar is not necessar#/ 1).A) A""EAL IN !NORGANIZE ESTABLISHMENT If $etition is granted- the case is not su%Aect to a$$eal/ If $etition is dis&issed- the case is a$$eala%le/ B) A""EAL IN ORGANIZE ESTABLISHMENT Bhether $etition is granted or dis&issed- the case is su%Aect to a$$eal/ 17.TWO MOES OF ETERMINATION OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGENT a/ ertifcation Election F includes consent- run(o@ election %/ Ioluntar# Recognition 1*.EFINITION OF !TY TO BARGAIN COLLECTIVELY (Art.2(2) The dut# to %argain collecti1el# &eans the $erfor&ance of a &utual o%ligation to &eet and con1ene $ro&$tl# and e0$editiousl# in good faith for the $ur$ose of negotiating an agree&ent with res$ect to wages- hours of wor, and all other ter&s and conditions of e&$lo#&ent including $ro$osals for adAusting an# grie1ances or :uestions arising under such agree&ent and e0ecuting a contract incor$orating such agree&ents if re:uested %# either $art# %ut such dut# does not co&$el an# $art# to agree to a $ro$osal or to &a,e an# concession/ 1+.ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN !TY TO BARGAIN COLLECTIVELY %2ee$ No$-, Art$ &4& D No$&KA Art &4'. 2,.A) WHEN IS THERE A !TY TO BARGAIN COLLECTIVELY WHEN A CBA E?ISTS? (ART.2(%) Bhen there is a collecti1e %argaining agree&ent- the dut# to %argain collecti1el# shall also &ean that neither $art# shall ter&inate nor &odif# such agree&ent during its lifeti&e/ "owe1er- either $art# can ser1e a written notice to ter&inate or &odif# the agree&ent at least si0t# (6<) da#s $rior to its e0$iration date/ It shall %e the dut# of %oth $arties to ,ee$ the status :uo and to continue in full force and e@ect the ter&s and conditions of the e0isting agree&ent during the La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page G; 6<(da# $eriod and.or until a new agree&ent is reached %# the $arties/ B) WHEN THERE IS NO E?ISTING CBA? (ART.2(2)
%2ee No$-,. ------------------------------------------------------ THE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING "ROCESS ------------------------------------------------------ 1. ORGANIZATION (ART.2'%-2'*) Art.2'% & o1erage and E&$lo#eeHs Right to *O Art.2'' & Right of E&$lo#ees in the Pu%lic *er1ice Art.2'( & Ineligi%ilit# of &anagerial e&$lo#ees to Aoin an# la%or organi?ation) Right of *u$er1isor# Art.2') & Non(a%ridge&ent of Right to *O Art.2'7 & once$t of ULP and Procedure for Prosecution thereof Art.2'* & ULP of E&$lo#ers 2. REGISTRATION @ AFFILIATION (ART.2%'-2'') Art.2%' & Re:uire&ents of registration Art.2%( & !ction on !$$lication Art.2%) & Denial of Registration) !$$eal Art.2%7 & !dditional re:uire&ents for 9ederations or National Unions Art.2%* & ancellation of Registration) !$$eal Art.2%+ & 8rounds of ancellation of Union Registration Art.2', & E:uit# of the Incu&%ent Art.2'1 & Rights and onditions of >e&%ershi$ in La%or Org Art.2'2 & Rights of LLO Art.2'% & o1erage and E&$lo#eeHs Right to *O Art.2'' & Right of E&$lo#ees in the Pu%lic *er1ice
%. EMAN TO BARGAIN (ART.2(, & "r3<2>;r2 1. CB) The @ $rocedures shall %e o%ser1ed in collecti1e %argaining' a/ Bhen a $art# desires to negotiate an agree&ent- it shall ser1e a written notice u$on the other $art# with a state&ent of its $ro$osals/ The other $art# shall &a,e a re$l# thereto not later than ten (G<) calendar da#s fro& recei$t of such notice) %/ *hould di@erences arise on the %asis of such notice and re$l#- either $art# &a# re:uest for a conference which shall %egin not later than ten (G<) calendar da#s fro& the date of re:uest) c/ If the dis$ute is not settled- the Board shall inter1ene u$on re:uest of either or %oth $arties or at its own initiati1e and i&&ediatel# call the $arties to conciliation &eetings/ The Board shall ha1e the $ower to issue su%$oenas re:uiring the attendance of the $arties to such &eetings/ It shall %e the dut# of the $arties to $artici$ate full# and $ro&$tl# in the conciliation &eetings the Board &a# call) d/ During the conciliation $roceedings in the Board- the $arties are $rohi%ited fro& doing an# act which &a# disru$t or i&$ede the earl# settle&ent of the dis$utes) and e/ The Board shall e0ert all e@orts to settle dis$utes a&ica%l# and encourage the $arties to su%&it their case to a 1oluntar# ar%itrator/ V34;.t-r/ R2<39.1t13. (In Unorgani?ed Esta%lish&ent a/ Uoint state&ent of fact of 1oluntar# recognition- fact of $osting- and fact of onl# G union %/ Notice of Ioluntar# Recognition with DOLE c/ Recording (Petition for ertifcation Election a/ LLO %/ 9ederation c/ E&$lo#er '. NEGOTIATIONS EALOCA ( onciliation ( !r%itration ( *tri,es . Loc,outs CBA ( *igned ( !n# agree&ent on such other $ro1isions of the B! entered into within 6 &os/ fro& the date of e0$ir# of the ter& of such other $ro1isions- shall retroact to the da# i&&ediatel# following such date/ ( If an# such agree&ent is entered into %e#ond 6 &os/- the $arties shall agree on the duration of retroacti1it# thereof/ In case of a deadloc, in the renegotiation of the B!- the $arties &a# e0ercise their rights under this ode/ ( If thereHs deadloc, F the e@ecti1it# date shall %e when the ar%itrator renders its fnal decision/ (. "OSTING (ART.2%1) ). RATIFICATION La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page G5 7. REGISTRATION (ART.2%1) "!R"OSE$ ontract Bar Rule ------------------------------------------------- CERTIFICATION ELECTION ""ROCESS ------------------------------------------------- 1. O;t41.2 38 t62 C2rt1G<-t13. E42<t13. "r3<2ss. G/G 9ILIN8 O9 PETITION G/4 "E!RIN8 -$&$-$ Motion to Dis)iss -$&$&$ Motion to 2uspend /roceedin0s NOTE: :*O9ND2 "O* 292/6NDIN: /*OC66DIN:2 a$ Bhen the union is a co&$an#(do&inated union- $reAudicial :uestion b/ Bhen the legal $ersonalit# of the union is seriousl# challenged -$&$'$ Motion !or Inter1ention -$&$+$ /arties )ay a0ree to Consent 6lection NOTE: 5hen the parties a0reed to ha1e consent election3 the ' rd step is sCipped oG$ The + th step L /reelection Con!erence !ollows$ G/2 I**U!NE O9 ORDER . DEI*ION G/;/ PRE(ELETION ON9ERENE G/5/ PO*TIN8 O9 NOTIE O9 ELETION ( Mandatory *eEuire)ent$ -K Days be!ore the election G/6/ ELETION G/J/ !NI!**IN8 G/K/ PROL!>!TION ---------------------------------------------------------------- --------- GRIEVANCE MACHINERY B VOL!NTARY ARBITRATION ---------------------------------------------------------------- --------- 1. WHAT IS A GRIEVANCE? ! grie1ance is defned as Nan# :uestion %# either the e&$lo#er or the union regarding the inter$retation or a$$lication of the collecti1e %argaining agree&ent or co&$an# $ersonnel $olicies or an# clai& %# either $art# that the other $art# is 1iolating an# $ro1ision of the B! or co&$an# $ersonnel $olicies/O If the ter& grie1ance is to %e a$$lied in the loose or generic sense- an# dis$ute or contro1ers# res$ecting ter&s and conditions of e&$lo#&ent which an e&$lo#ee or grou$ of e&$lo#ees &a# $resent to the e&$lo#er can %e a grie1ance- e1en without a union or B!/ The e0$ansion of the original and e0clusi1e Aurisdiction of 1oluntar# ar%itrators to include :uestions arising fro& the interpretation and en!orce)ent o! co)pany personnel policies has the e@ect of widening the &eaning and inter$retation of a grie1ance to include a situation where there is no collecti1e %argaining agent and no B!/ 2. IF THERE IS GRIEVANCEI TO WHAT BOY IT SHO!L BE "RESENTE? !ll grie1ances arising fro& the i&$le&entation or inter$retation of the collecti1e %argaining agree&ent and.or inter$retation and enforce&ent of co&$an# $ersonnel $olicies are co&$ulsoril# su%Aect to the grie1ance &achiner#/ U$holding the re:uire&ent- the ourt has ruled that the grie1ance $rocedure $ro1ided in the B! should %e adhered to %# the $arties/ Refusal or failure to do so is an unfair la%or $ractice- %ecause the grie1ance $rocedure is $art of the continuous $rocess of collecti1e %argaining/ It is intended to $ro&ote friendl# dialogue %etween la%or and &anage&ent as a &eans of &aintaining industrial $eace/ Before an aggrie1ed e&$lo#ee &a# resort to the courts to enforce his indi1idual rights under a %argaining contract- the e&$lo#ee &ust e0haust all the re&edies a1aila%le to hi& under such contract/ !nd a court should not entertain an# co&$laint %# an aggrie1ed e&$lo#ee until $ro$er use has %een &ade of the <3.tr-<t 9r12E-.<2 0r3<2>;r2 -9r22> ;03. %# e&$lo#er and the %argaining re$resentati1e/ The grie1ance &achiner# under the agree&ent is the 1er# heart of industrial self(go1ern&ent/ %. IS A VIOLATION OF CBA A GRIEVANCE? (Art.2)1) =E*/ Iiolations of a B! shall no longer %e treated as ULP and shall %e resol1ed as grie1ances under the B!- e0ce$t those which are gross in character/ La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page G6 '. WHEN THE VIOLATION OF CBA IS GROSSI WHO HAS H!RISICTION? The La%or !r%iter/ (!rt/GJ) (. WHAT IS VOL!NTARY ARBITRATION Ioluntar# !r%itration Ioluntar# ar%itration has %een defned as a contractual $roceeding where%# the $arties to an# dis$ute or contro1ers#- in order to o%tain a s$eed# and ine0$ensi1e fnal dis$osition of the &atter in1ol1ed- select a Audge of their own choice and %# consent su%&it their contro1ers# to hi& for deter&ination/ Under 1oluntar# ar%itration- on the other hand- referral of a dis$ute %# the $arties is &ade- $ursuant to a 1oluntar# ar%itration clause in their collecti1e agree&ent- to an i&$artial third $erson for a fnal and %inding resolution/ ). A) WHO IS A VOL!NTARY ARBITRATOR? ! 1oluntar# ar%itrator is chosen %# the $arties the&sel1es (pre!erably accredited %# the N>B)/ The choice is usuall# inPuenced %# the trust in the $ersonHs fairness and ,nowledge of the d#na&ics- including law- of la%or(&anage&ent relation/ B) CAN THE "ARTIES AGREE TO A""OINT LABOR ARBITER AS A VOL!NTARY ARBITRATOR? =E*/ The $arties are a@orded the latitude to decide for the&sel1es the co&$osition of the grie1ance &achiner# as the# fnd a$$ro$riate to a $articular situation/ ! 1oluntar# ar%itrator is chosen %# the $arties the&sel1es (pre!erably accredited %# the N>B)/ The choice is usuall# inPuenced %# the trust in the $ersonHs fairness and ,nowledge of the d#na&ics- including law- of la%or(&anage&ent relation/ The $referred ðod of selection is %# &utual agree&ent of the $arties/ !lternati1e ðods include the selection or a$$oint&ent %# an ad&inistrati1e agenc# li,e the N>B/ 7. WHAT IS THE H!RISICTION OF VOL!NTARY ARBITRATOR? (Art.2)1) The Ioluntar# !r%itrator or $anel of Ioluntar# !r%itrators shall ha1e original and e0clusi1e Aurisdiction to hear and decide all unresol1ed grie1ances arising fro& the inter$retation or i&$le&entation of the ollecti1e Bargaining !gree&ent and those arising fro& the inter$retation or enforce&ent of co&$an# $ersonnel $olicies/ B# Nunresol1ed grie1anceO it &eans that the grie1ance &ust ha1e $assed the grie1ance &achiner#/ *. A) CAN THE VOL!NTARY ARBITRATOR HAVE H!RISICTION OVER LABOR IS"!TES? =E*/ In la%or(&anage&ent relations 1oluntar# ar%itration is a &aster $rocedure/ !n# and all ,inds of la%or dis$utes &a# %e su%&itted to- settled or resol1ed through 1oluntar# ar%itration- if the $arties so desire/ >one# clai&s- %argaining deadloc,s- stri,e or loc,out- e&$lo#&ent ter&ination- and e1en :uestions a%out e0istence or a%sence of e&$lo#er(e&$lo#ee relationshi$- &a# %e resol1ed %# the $artiesXwith fnalit#X%# a1ailing the&sel1es of 1oluntar# ar%itration/ !s a &aster $rocedure 1oluntar# ar%itration ta,es $recedence o1er other dis$ute settle&ent de1ices (i$e$- cases %efore the la%or ar%iter or *ecretar# of La%or or the NLR) B) IS THERE ANY IFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TERMINATION IS"!TES !NER ART.217 WHEREIN THE LABOR ARBITER HAS H!RISICTION? =E*/ o&$ulsor# ar%itration is a s#ste& where%# the $arties to a dis$ute are co&$elled %# the go1ern&ent to forego their right to stri,e and are co&$elled to acce$t the resolution of their dis$ute through ar%itration %# a third $art#/ The essence of ar%itration re&ains since a resolution of a dis$ute is arri1ed at %# resort to a disinterested third $art# whose decision is fnal and %inding on the $arties- %ut in co&$ulsor# ar%itration- such a third $art# is nor&all# a$$ointed %# the go1ern&ent/ In Phili$$ine conte0t- the NAudgeO in 1oluntar# ar%itration is called ar%itrator- while that in co&$ulsor# is la%or ar%iter/ The Aurisdiction of a I! is stated in !rticles 46G and 464 while that of an L! is in !rticle 4GJ/ --------------------------------------------------- STRIAES AN LOCAO!TS --------------------------------------------------- 1. V-41>1t/ 38 str1J2s a/ !LP!P 1s/ IR F &ass resignation %/ Phil/ Bloo&ing >ills ase F stri,e without la%or dis$ute 2. A1.>s 38 str1J2 a/ as to dis$ute ( unfair la%or $ractice stri,e ( econo&ic stri,e La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page GJ %/ as to the &anner of e0ecution ( wal,(out ( sit(down ( %eco&es illegal onl# when ingress or egress of co&$ound is %loc,ed ( slow(down ( &ass lea1e ( wildcat F illegal c/ as to the e&$lo#er to who& it is directed ( $ri&ar# ( secondar# ( connection %# e&$lo#&ent) illegal F no la%or dis$ute ( s#&$ath# ( no connection at all) considered illegal ( general ( $articular %. L29-4 9r3;.>s 83r >2<4-r1.9 - str1J2 a/ collecti1e %argaining deadloc, %/ unfair la%or $ractice act of the e&$lo#er '. W63 <-. >2<4-r2 - str1J2? Rule' Dul# recogni?ed collecti1e %argaining re$resentati1e legiti&ate la%or organi?ation onl# if it is an ULP stri,e/ (. R2F;1s1t2s 83r E-41>1t/ 38 str1J2s a/ notice of stri,e %/ stri,e 1ote c/ stri,e 1ote re$ort d/ Z $lus lawful $ur$ose and &eans ). N3t1<2 38 str1J2 ( 2< da#s ( collecti1e %argaining dis$ute ( G5 da#s ( ULP F e0ce$tion' union %usting 7. Str1J2 E3t2 >aAorit# of TOT!L UNION >E>BER*"IP *. Str1J2 E3t2 r203rt The union should re$ort to the regional %ranch of the National onciliation and >ediation Board the results of the 1oting at least se1en (J) da#s %efore the intended stri,e/ +. R203rt t3 =3rJ 3r>2r ( i&&ediatel# e0ecutor#) non(a$$eala%le 1,. N3 =3rJI .3 0-/ 0r1.<1042K 2D<20t13.s a/ when the su$$osed stri,ers did not stri,e %ut were $racticall# loc,ed out %/ where the stri,ers 1oluntaril# and unconditionall# o@ered to return to wor,- %ut the e&$lo#er refused to acce$t the o@er without Austifa%le reason/ 11. I4429-41t/ 38 str1J2s a/ 1iolation of s$ecifc $rohi%ition %# law ( correct wage distortion ( do not %argain collecti1el# ( org/ without %argaining rights ( inter(union.intra(union dis$utes %/ s$ecifc re:uire&ent of law c/ unlawful $ur$ose ( induce to co&&it ULP to non( union ( co&&itted %# &inorit# to stri,e d/ unlawful &eans e&$lo#ed e/ 1iolation of e0isting inAunction F stri,e after return to wor, order.assu&$tion order f/ 1iolation of e0isting agree&ent ( conclusi1e %argaining agree&ents ( in 1iolation of non(stri,e $olic# F onl# in econo&ic stri,e %ut not in ULP stri,e 12. L1-542 83r >-7-92s 1. str1J2 In order to hold the union and the stri,ers lia%le for da&ages- the %est e1idence o%taina%le &ust %e $resented/ !ctual or co&$ensator# da&ages cannot %e $resu&ed- %ut &ust %e dul# $ro1ed with reasona%le degree of certaint#/ The &ust %e co&$etent $roof that da&ages ha1e %een su@ered and the actual a&ount thereof/ In the a%sence of co&$etent $roof of actual da&age the e&$lo#er is entitled to no&inal da&ages F which as the law sa#s- is adAudicated in order that the defendant &a# %e 1indicated and recogni?ed- and not for the $ur$ose of inde&nif#ing the $lainti@ for an# loss su@ered/ Local union and not the &other federation is lia%le for da&ages resulting fro& an illegal stri,e/ The reason is %ecause the local union is the $rinci$al and the &other federation is a &ere agent of the local union/ 1%. C-. - str1J2 52 2.L31.2>? 8en/ Rule' No) right granted %# the constitution E0ce$tions' a/ If declared against an industr# indis$ensa%le to national interest- in which case- the *ecretar# of La%or and E&$lo#&ent &a# assu&e Aurisdiction or certif# the dis$ute for co&$ulsor# ar%itration/ *uch assu&$tion or certifcation has the e@ect of auto&aticall# enAoining the stri,e/ %/ If staged %# e&$lo#ees who are not accorded the right to stri,e- li,e &anagerial e&$lo#ees or e&$lo#ees go1ern&ent(owned or controlled cor$oration with original charters/ La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page GK c/ If staged %ecause of an intra(union or inter(union dis$ute/ Note' e1en if the illegal stri,e is not enAoined- the illegal acts can %e considered enAoined 1'. Str1J2 5r2-J2r ! stri,e %rea,er is a $erson who o%structs- i&$edes- or interferes with %# force- 1iolence- coercion- threats or inti&idation an# $eaceful $ic,eting %# e&$lo#ees during an# la%or contro1ers# a@ecting wages- hours or conditions of wor, or in the e0ercise of the right to self( organi?ation or collecti1e %argaining/ 1(. "r36151t13. -9-1.st 2s<3rt1.9 r204-<272.t Bhat is $rohi%ited is the escorting of indi1iduals in entering or lea1ing the stri,e area to re$lace the stri,ing e&$lo#ees/ Bhat the law $rohi%its is the escorting of re$lace&ents BIT"IN the stri,e area/ *TRITE !RE! refers to the esta%lish&ent- warehouses- de$ots- $lants or o+ces- sites or $re&ises used as runawa# sho$s and the i&&ediate 1icinit# actuall# used %# the $ic,eting stri,ers in &o1ing to and fro %efore all $oints of entrance to and e0it fro& said esta%lish&ent/ 1). "1<J2t1.9 8en/ Rule' !llowed/ 9reedo& of s$eech E0ce$tions (2)' Persons or e&$lo#ees engaged in $ic,eting are for%idden fro&' a/ co&&itting an# act of 1iolence- coercion- or inti&idation) %/ o%structing the free ingress to and egress fro& the e&$lo#erHs $re&ises) and c/ o%structing $u%lic thoroughfares 17. L171t-t13.s t3 - 43<J3;t ! loc,out cannot %e declared' a/ without frst ha1ing %argained collecti1el#) %/ without frst ha1ing fled the notice of loc,out) c/ without the necessar# loc,out 1ote frst ha1ing %een o%tained and re$orted to the de$art&ent of la%or and e&$lo#&ent) d/ after the secretar# of la%or and e&$lo#&ent assu&es Aurisdiction or certifes the dis$ute to co&$ulsor# or 1oluntar# ar%itration) or e/ during the $endenc# of cases in1ol1ing the sa&e grounds for the loc,out 1*. N-t13.-4 1.t2r2st >1s0;t2s Note' It is not necessar# that there &ust %e an !TU!L *TRITE) intended stri,e can %e- %efore the *ecretar# &a# assu&e or certif#/ a/ legal e@ect F auto&aticall# enAoins %/ 1iolation of return to wor, order F !LL *TRITER* Illegal stri,e.co&&itted 1iolation in illegal stri,e F UNION O99IER* or >E>BER*/ --------------------------------------------------- <3.t. STRIAES AN LOCAO!TS --------------------------------------------------- 1. W6-t 1s - str1J2? *tri,e is an# te&$orar# sto$$age of wor, %# the concerted action of e&$lo#ees as a result of an industrial or la%or dis$ute/ 2. L171t-t13.s t3 str1J2. ! stri,e cannot %e declared' a/ without frst ha1ing %argained collecti1el#) %/ without frst ha1ing fled the notice of stri,e) c/ without the necessar# stri,e 1ote frst ha1ing %een o%tained and re$orted to the de$art&ent of la%or and e&$lo#&ent) d/ after the secretar# of la%or and e&$lo#&ent assu&es Aurisdiction or certifes the dis$ute to co&$ulsor# or 1oluntar# ar%itration) or e/ during the $endenc# of cases in1ol1ing the sa&e grounds for the stri,e %. W63 -r2 F;-41G2> t3 E3t2 1. - str1J2? The decision to declare a stri,e &ust %e a$$ro1ed %# the &aAorit# of the TOT!L UNION >E>BER*"IP in the %argaining unit concerned- through secret %allot in a &eeting or referendu& called for the $ur$ose/ '. Is 7-ss-42-E2 <3.s1>2r2> - str1J2? M-ss r2s19.-t13.? >ass(lea1e is considered as a stri,e if the# constitute te&$orar# sto$$ages arising fro& la%or dis$utes/ >ass resignation is not a stri,e %ecause it is not te&$orar# in nature/ (. 1st1.9;1s6 s2<3.>-r/ str1J2 -.> s/70-t6/ str1J2. *econdar# stri,e F this is directed against the e&$lo#er connected %# $roduct or e&$lo#&ent with alleged unfair la%or conditions or $ractices/ *#&$ath# stri,e F This is a stri,e stages to &a,e co&&on cause with other stri,ers in other esta%lish&ents of co&$anies without the e0istence of an# dis$ute %etween the stri,ing e&$lo#ees and their e&$lo#er/ In a s#&$ath# stri,e- there need not %e a connection of $roduct or e&$lo#&ent/ The connection of $roducts or e&$lo#&ent with the $ri&ar# la%or dis$ute is the distinguishing factor %etween a secondar# stri,e and a s#&$ath# stri,e/ La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page GL ). L29-4 9r3;.>s 83r str1J2. a/ collecti1e %argaining deadloc, %/ unfair la%or $ractice act of the e&$lo#er 7. W63 <-. <3.>;<t - str1J2? H3= >32s 3.2 52<372 - >;4/ r2<39.1:2> <3442<t1E2 5-r9-1.1.9 r20r2s2.t-t1E2? Under the rules- onl# a certifed or dul# recogni?ed collecti1e %argaining re$resentati1e can declare a stri,e- %e it an econo&ic stri,e or an unfair la%or stri,e/ In the a%sence of a certifed or dul# recogni?ed collecti1e %argaining re$resentati1e- a stri,e can %e declared %# a legiti&ate la%or organi?ation in the esta%lish&ent- %ut onl# on the ground of unfair la%or $ractices/ Therefore- e&$lo#ees of esta%lish&ents where there is no union cannot stri,e/ Ioluntar# Recognition OR ertifcation Election/ *. C-. - str1J2 52 <3.>;<t2> 1. -. ;.3r9-.1:2> 2st-541s672.t? No +. W6-t -r2 t62 429-4 r2F;1r272.ts 38 - str1J2? a/ notice of stri,e %/ stri,e 1ote c/ stri,e 1ote re$ort 1,. ;r-t13. 38 G41.9 38 N3t1<2 38 Str1J2? The notice of stri,e should %e fled with the Regional Branch of the National onciliation and >ediation Board- and *ERIED to the co&$an#- at least) a/ thirt# (2<) da#s %efore the intended date of stri,e F if the ground for stri,e is %ased on collecti1e %argaining deadloc,) or %/ ffteen (G5) da#s %efore the intended date of stri,e F if the ground for stri,e is %ased on unfair la%or $ractice The $ur$ose of the notice of stri,e is to $ro1ide an o$$ortunit# for &ediation and conciliation/ 11. W6-t 1s <3341.9-3M 02r13>? ;r-t13.? The cooling(o@ $eriod is the s$an of ti&e allotted %# law for the $arties to settle their dis$utes in a $eaceful &anner %efore declaring a stri,e/ The duration of the cooling(o@ $eriod are as follows' a/ thirt# (2<) da#s fro& the fling of the notice of stri,e F if the ground for stri,e is %ased on collecti1e %argaining deadloc,) or %/ ffteen (G5) da#s fro& the fling of the notice of stri,e F if the ground for stri,e is %ased on unfair la%or $ractice/ O%ser1ance of the cooling(o@ $eriod is &andator#/ 12. C-. 3.2 >2<4-r2 - str1J2 >;r1.9 <3341.9- 3M 02r13>? ( During UNION BU*TIN8 1%. R2F;1r272.ts 38 str1J2 E3t2 The decision to declare a stri,e &ust %e a$$ro1ed %# the &aAorit# of the TOT!L UNION >E>BER*"IP in the %argaining unit concerned- through secret %allot in a &eeting or referendu& called for the $ur$ose/ 1'. C-. 1.L;.<t13. 52 1ss;2> -9-1.st - str1J2? ED<20t13.s? 8en/ Rule' No) right granted %# the constitution E0ce$tions' a/ If declared against an industr# indis$ensa%le to national interest- in which case- the *ecretar# of La%or and E&$lo#&ent &a# assu&e Aurisdiction or certif# the dis$ute for co&$ulsor# ar%itration/ *uch assu&$tion or certifcation has the e@ect of auto&aticall# enAoining the stri,e/ %/ If staged %# e&$lo#ees who are not accorded the right to stri,e- li,e &anagerial e&$lo#ees or e&$lo#ees go1ern&ent(owned or controlled cor$oration with original charters/ c/ If staged %ecause of an intra(union or inter(union dis$ute/ Note' e1en if the illegal stri,e is not enAoined- the illegal acts can %e considered enAoined 1(. At =6-t 031.t 38 t172 <-. ;.13. >2<4-r2 - str1J2? !fter all the re:uisites ha1e %een co&$lied with/ 1). S;003s2 t62 str1J2 <2-s2>I <-. t62 27043/22s 52 r21.st-t2>? =es- there was no ter&ination of e&$lo#&ent which is $er&anent/ 1).1 H3= -53;t 18 1t 1s -. 14429-4 str1J2? The $resent rule is that an illegal stri,e does not auto&aticall# warrant the wholesale dis&issal of stri,ers/ Onl# the following stri,ers can %e $enali?ed with loss of e&$lo#&ent status' a/ Union o+cers who ,nowingl# $artici$ate in an illegal stri,e) and %/ Union o+cers or &e&%ers who ,nowingl# $artici$ate in the co&&ission of illegal acts during a stri,e 17. C-. t62 str1J2rs 52 2.t1t42> t3 5-<J=-92s? La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page 4< 8en/ Rule' The stri,ers are not entitled to %ac,wages on the $rinci$le that Na fair da#Hs wageO accrues onl# for a Nfair da#Hs la%orO E0ce$tion' The following are entitled to %ac,wages a/ in1oluntar# stri,ers illegall# loc,ed(out %/ 1oluntar# stri,ers in ULP stri,e who o@ered to return to wor, unconditionall# 1*. R2F;1s1t2s 38 E-41> str1J2. a/ notice of stri,e %/ stri,e 1ote c/ stri,e 1ote re$ort 1+ W63 7-/ 1ss;2 1.L;.<t13.? a/ industr# indis$ensa%le to national interest ( secretar# of la%or %/ those who are not accorded to stri,e F NLR c/ inter(union.inter(union dis$utes F NLR 2,. EM2<ts 38 t62 1ss;-.<2 38 r2t;r.-t3-=3rJ 3r>2r@-ss;70t13. 3r>2r? a/ auto&aticall# enAoins the intended or i&$ending stri,e or loc,out as s$ecifed in the assu&$tion or certifcation order) %/ if one has alread# ta,en $lace at the ti&e of assu&$tion or certifcation- all stri,ing or loc,ed(out e&$lo#ees shall i&&ediatel# return to wor,) and c/ the e&$lo#er shall i&&ediatel# resu&e o$erations and re(ad&it all wor,ers under the sa&e ter&s and conditions $re1ailing %efore the stri,e or loc,out/ 21. C-. ;.13. 72752rs 1. t62 str1J2 52 -rr2st2>? ED<20t13.s? 8en/ Rule' ! $olice o+cer cannot arrest or detain a union &e&%er for union acti1ities without $re1ious consultations with the secretar# of la%or/ E0ce$t on grounds of' G/ national securit# 4/ $u%lic $eace 2/ co&&ission of a cri&e !n arrest can %e lawfull# &ade in the following cases) a/ an# $erson who o%structs the free and lawful ingress and egress fro& the e&$lo#erHs $re&ises or who o%structs $u%lic thoroughfares/ %/ an# $erson who shall ha1e in his $ossession deadl# wea$ons in 1iolation of BP Blg 6 and frear&s and e0$losi1es/ 22. "r3<2>;r2 38 G41.9 <r171.-4 <-s2s Before fling a cri&inal case relating to or arising out of a la%or dis$ute- clearance &ust frst %e o%tained fro& the De$art&ent of La%or and E&$lo#&ent or the O+ce of the President/ !n inAunction order issued in a la%or case is considered as co&$liance with the clearance re:uire&ent. 2%. "r3<2>;r2 38 r273E1.9 543<J->2s O%structions in $u%lic $ro$erties- such as streets- sidewal,s- alle#s- &a# %e su&&aril# re&o1ed %# the local go1ern&ents- through their res$ecti1e law enforce&ent authorities without consulting with the DOLE- %ecause these o%structions are considered as nuisance $er se/ O%structions in $oints of egress and ingress of $ri1ate $ro$erties during a la%or dis$ute &a# %e re&o1ed onl# in accordance with $ro$er orders issued %# the o+ce of the secretar# of la%or and E&$lo#&ent or %# the NLR or its ar%itration %ranches/ The# cannot %e su&&aril# de&olished %# law enforce&ent authorities/ 2'. L3<J3;t? L3<J3;t Es. S6;t>3=. Loc,out is the te&$orar# refusal of an e&$lo#er to furnish wor, as a result of an industrial or la%or dis$ute/ Loc,out is di@erent fro& shutdown in the sense that in a loc,out the $lant continues to o$erate- whereas in a shutdown- the $lant ceases to o$erate/ ! shutdown is the willful act of the e&$lo#er hi&self following a co&$lete loc,out as contrasted to the co&$ulsor# sto$$age of o$erations as a result of a stri,e and wal,out/ It can %e trul# said that all shutdowns are loc,outs %ut not all loc,outs constitute shutdowns/ 2(. R2F;1s1t2s 38 E-41> 43<J3;t To constitute a loc,out- the refusal to furnish wor, &ust %e' a/ te&$orar# %/ the result of a la%or dis$ute 2). W62. <-. -. 27043/2r >2<4-r2 - 43<J3;t? There are onl# two (4) grounds for declaring a loc,out- na&el#' a/ collecti1e %argaining deadloc,) and %/ unfair la%or $ractice 27. C3341.9-3M 02r13> 83r 43<J3;t? The cooling(o@ $eriod is the s$an of ti&e allotted %# law for the $arties to settle their dis$utes in a $eaceful &anner %efore declaring a loc,out/ The duration of the cooling(o@ $eriod are as follows' a/ thirt# (2<) da#s fro& the fling of the notice of loc,out F if the ground for loc,out is %ased on collecti1e %argaining deadloc,) or %/ ffteen (G5) da#s fro& the fling of the notice of loc,out F if the ground for loc,out is %ased on unfair la%or $ractice/ 2*. S-.<t13. 83r 14429-4 43<J3;t? La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page 4G !n e&$lo#er found guilt# of illegal loc,out &a# %e held lia%le for %ac,wages/ a/ su$$ose the e&$lo#ees were ter&inated u$on the duration of illegal loc,out- what are his re&edies[ !n# wor,er whose e&$lo#&ent has %een ter&inated as a conse:uence of an unlawful loc,out shall %e entitled to reinstate&ent with full %ac,wages/ 9or 1iolation of !rticle 46; (a) of the L- the re&ed# is to fle with the !r%itration Branch of the NLR a $etition to declare the stri,e or loc,out illegal/ 9or 1iolation of !rticles 46; (%)- (c)- (d) and (e) of the L- the re&ed# if to fle a $etition for inAunction with the NLR/ In addition- cri&inal action &a# %e fled for an# 1iolation of !rticle 46; of the L- the $enalties of which are set forth in !rticle 4J4 of the sa&e code/ II. TERMINATION OF EM"LOYMENT (Arts. 27*-2*7) 1. S2<;r1t/ 38 t2.;r2. 2G.1t13. !rt/ 4K4 F Aust causes !rt- 4K2 F authori?ed causes *ecurit# of Tenure F the constitutional right granted the e&$lo#ee- that the e&$lo#er shall not ter&inate the ser1ices of an e&$lo#ee e0ce$t for Aust cause or when authori?ed %# law/ It e0tends to regular ($er&anent) as well as non( regular (te&$orar#) e&$lo#&ent/ 2. W63 -r2 2.t1t42> t3 s2<;r1t/ 38 t2.;r2? Note' securit# of tenure if not a guarantee of $er$etual e&$lo#&ent a/ regular e&$lo#ees %/ non(regular e&$lo#ees F :ualifed in that it cannot %e ter&inated without Aust cause $rior to the co&$letion of the $roAect- season or ter& of e&$lo#&ent/ %. W6-t 1s t62 r272>/ 83r E134-t13. 38 s2<;r1t/ 38 t2.;r2? !rt/ 4JJ(B '. W6-t -r2 t62 r24128s 83r ;.L;st >1s71ss-4 38 719r-.t =3rJ2rs? 38 43<-44/ 27043/2> =3rJ2rs? a/ reinstate&ent !rt/ 4JL %/ %ac,wages c/ da&ages F %ad faith- ar%itrar# d/ attorne#Hs fees e/ se$aration $a# (. W6-t 1s r21.st-t272.t? C3.<20t 38 r21.st-t272.t Reinstate&ent in its generall# acce$ted sense refers to a restoration to a state fro& which one has %een re&o1ed or se$arated/ It is the return to the $osition fro& which he was re&o1ed/ Under the conce$t of reinstate&ent- an e&$lo#er cannot %e ordered to reinstate an e&$lo#ee to a $osition which he ne1er occu$ied/ 9or e0a&$le- if an e&$lo#ee at the ti&e of his dis&issal was occu$#ing a lower $osition- he cannot %e ordered reinstated to a higher $osition/ *i&ilarl#- if the dis&issed e&$lo#ee at the ti&e of his dis&issal was occu$#ing a te&$orar# $osition- he cannot %e ordered reinstated to a $er&anent $osition/ ). W6-t 1s r21.st-t272.t WITHO!T LOSS OF SENIORITY RIGHTS? The $hrase Nwithout loss of seniorit# rightsO &eans that u$on reinstate&ent- the e&$lo#ee is to %e treated in &atters in1ol1ing ran,- $osition and continuit# of e&$lo#&ent as though he has not %een a%sent fro& wor,/ 7. W63 1s 2.t1t42> t3 r21.st-t272.t? Note' In reinstate&ent- there &ust %e illegal dis&issal *. ED<20t13.-4 <-s2s =62r2 >1s71ss-4 1s 14429-4 5;t r21.st-t272.t 1s 1703ss1542 a/ transfer of ownershi$ %/ e&$lo#er su@ers fro& %usiness re1erses c/ $osition occu$ied was a%olished d/ closure of %usiness e/ $h#sical or &ental inca$acit# f/ retire&ent age of the e&$lo#ee g/ con1iction of cri&inal case ( *a&$aguita 8ar&ents 1s/ NLR h/ $rescri$tion ( ; #ears fro& date of dis&issal i/ strained relations A/ laches ,/ co&$laint &erel# $ra#s for se$aration $a# +. W6-t 1s 5-<J=-92s? !.0-1> =-92s? 1st1.<t13. Bac,wages refer to the co&$ensation which an e&$lo#ee would ha1e earned had he not %een unAustl# dis&issed/ Un$aid wages refers to co&$ensation for ser1ices alread# rendered %ut withheld %# the e&$lo#er/ 1,. ED<20t13.-4 <-s2s t6-t =-rr-.t 4171t2> 3r .3 5-<J=-92s -t -44 Note' full %ac,wages F illegal dis&issal under the law) those $ro1ided %# the la%or code \!rt/ 4K6 renu&%ered to !rt/ 4L< EO G<G5G La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page 44 (Li&ited %ac,wages F the $enalt# of dis&issal is not co&&ensurate to the o@ense co&&itted/ (No %ac,wages when ( (e&$lo#er acted in good faith (cessation of e&$lo#&ent %rought a%out neither %# dis&issal or a%andon&ent (cessation of e&$lo#&ent due to e&$lo#eeHs refusal 11. C1r<;7st-.<2s t6-t 83r2st-44 r;..1.9 38 5-<J=-92s a/ death %/ &entall# inca$acitated. $h#sical inca$acit# c/ attain&ent of retire&ent age d/ closure of %usiness (te&$orar# ($er&anent e/ i&$risoned (confne&ent in $rison) f/ re(e&$lo#&ent of the dis&issed e&$lo#ee 12. W6-t 1s s20-r-t13. 0-/? C3.<20t -.> 0;r03s2? *e$aration $a# is sort of an aid gi1en to an e&$lo#ee u$on his se$aration fro& ser1ice so that he &a# ha1e soðing on which to fall %ac, when he loses his &eans of li1elihood/ It is an a&ount designated to $ro1ide hi& with the wherewithal during the $eriod that he is loo,ing for e&$lo#&ent/ The $ur$ose of se$aration $a# is to alle1iate the di+culties that confront a dis&issed e&$lo#ee thrown into the streets to face the harsh necessities of life/ This gi1es the e&$lo#ee a leewa# to tide hi& and his fa&il# o1er in the &eanti&e that he goes Ao%(hunting/ To one who is accusto&ed to a certain t#$e of Ao% in one co&$an#- adAust&ent to other Ao% o$$ortunities %eco&e a $ro%le&/ !d1anced age too- &a# reduce hi& to a low $riorit# in the la%or &ar,et/ Thus- the necessit# to cushion the ad1erse e@ects of sudden se$aration fro& ser1ice/ 1%. W62. 1s s20-r-t13. 0-/ 0r302r? Nor&all#- se$aration $a# is a relief granted onl# to e&$lo#ees who are ter&inated %# reason of' a/ redundanc#) %/ installation of la%or(sa1ing de1ices) c/ retrench&ent) d/ closure of esta%lish&ent not due to serious %usiness losses) e/ disease) or f/ la#(o@.sus$ension of o$erations for &ore than si0 (6) &onths/ 1'. Is t62 27043/22 2.t1t42> t3 s20-r-t13. 0-/ 2E2. 18 >1s71ss2> 83r - L;st -.> E-41> <-;s2? PLDT 1s/ NLR $/5<6 The general rule is that the se$aration fro& wor, of an e&$lo#ee for a Aust cause does not entitle hi& to se$aration $a#/ Ne1ertheless- e0ce$tionall# and as an e:uita%le concession- the *u$re&e ourt has held that se$aration $a# &a# %e awarded as a &easure of social Austice e1en if the dis&issal is found to %e 1alid and Austifed- %ut onl# in those instances where the e&$lo#ee was 1alidl# dis&issed for a cause other than serious &isconduct or o@enses rePecting on his &oral character/ 1(. -7-92s -s r24128 83r 14429-4 >1s71ss-4? Note' *$ecifcall# &oral or e0e&$lar#- NOT !LL illegal dis&issal cases warrant award of da&ages/ It &ust %e dul# $leaded and $ro1en \Based on i1il ode for da&ages 1). C-. <3r03r-t2 3N<2rs 52 41-542 02rs3.-44/ 3r s341>-r14/ =1t6 t62 <3r03r-t13.? ED<20t13.s? 17. M-.-92r1-4 0r2r39-t1E2sK W6-t -r2 t62 7-.-92r1-4 0r2r39-t1E2s? a/ hiring %/ $ro&ote c/ transfer d/ reduce $ersonnel for econo&ic reasons e/ change wor,ing hours- reduce- a%olish a de$art&ent or section f/ reorgani?e and a%olish $ositions g/ s$in(o@ h/ close down its %usiness i/ disci$line e&$lo#ees NOTE' >anagerial $rerogati1es cannot %e interfered %# NLR or la%or ar%iter- e0ce$t on certain cases CONTIN!ATION 1. W6-t -r2 t62 <4-ss1G<-t13. 38 27043/22s -<<3r>1.9 t3 r-.J? a/ &anagerial %/ su$er1isor# c/ ran, and fle 2. W6-t 1s r29;4-r 27043/72.t? ED<20t13.s !n e&$lo#&ent is dee&ed regular where the e&$lo#ee has %een engaged to $erfor& acti1ities that are usuall# necessar# of desira%le in the usual %usiness or trade of the e&$lo#er/ De$ends on nature of wor,/ a/ $roAect %/ seasonal c/ f0ed ter& La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page 42 %. W6-t 1s .3.-r29;4-r 27043/72.t? E&$lo#&ent other than a regular one/ Onl# for a li&ited $eriod or duration such as $roAect- seasonal- or contractual/ '. W6-t 1s 0r3L2<t 27043/72.t? Note' Duration of underta,ing a/ acti1it# done on a dail# %asis %ut onl# for a s$ecifc duration of ti&e until co&$letion %/ not co&&onl# or ha%ituall# $erfor&ed (. W6-t 1s s2-s3.-4 27043/72.t? ! Ao% that is li&ited to the duration of a $articular season/ ). W6-t 1s GD2>-t2r7 27043/72.t? Note' !gree&ent of $arties One which %# free choice of the $arties ha1e assigned a s$ecifc date of ter&ination/ 7. W6-t 1s <-s;-4 27043/72.t? Note' Rendered at least G #ear- %eco&es casual regular e&$lo#ee asual e&$lo#&ent is a Ao% wherein the acti1ities $erfor&ed %# the e&$lo#ee are not usuall# necessar# or desira%le in the usual %usiness or trade of the e&$lo#er/ *. W6-t 1s 0r35-t13.-r/ 27043/72.t? Pro%ationar# e&$lo#&ent is a situation where the e&$lo#ee u$on his engage&ent is &ade to undergo a trial $eriod during which the e&$lo#er deter&ines his ftness to :ualif# for regular e&$lo#&ent %ased on reasona%le standards &ade ,nown to hi& at the ti&e of engage&ent/ a/ duration of $ro%ationar# e&$lo#&ent a/G/ ordinar# e&$lo#ees 8enerall#- the $ro%ationar# $eriod of e&$lo#&ent of ordinar# e&$lo#ees is li&ited to si0 &onths/ The e0ce$tions are G/ when the $arties to an e&$lo#&ent contract or collecti1e %argaining agree&ent agree on a longer $eriod) 4/ when a longer $ro%ationar# $eriod is esta%lished %# co&$an# $olic#) 2/ when a longer $eriod is re:uired %# the nature of wor,/ a/4/ acade&ic G/ ele&entar# or secondar# F 2 consecuti1e school #ears of satisfactor# ser1ice) 4/ tertiar# and grad school F 6 consecuti1e se&esters of satisfactor# ser1ice) 2/ tertiar# on tri&ester F L consecuti1e tri&esters of satisfactor# ser1ice/ +. R2F;1s1t2s 3. 2Dt2.s13. 38 0r35-t13.-r/ 27043/72.t Note' Notice of e0tension &ust %e on or %efore the e0$iration of $ro%ationar# $eriod/ 1,. Gr3;.>s 83r t2r71.-t13. 38 0r35-t13.-r/ 27043/72.t a/ Aust and authori?ed causes %/ failure to :ualif# as regular e&$lo#ee &ade ,nown %# e&$lo#er 11. H;st <-;s2s (Art. 2*2) a/ serious &isconduct or willful diso%edience of the lawful orders- in connection with his wor, a/G/ re:uisites of serious &isconduct.willful diso%edience %/ gross !ND ha%itual neglect of dut# %/G/ distinguish neglect ($urel# o%Aecti1e fact) fro& negligence Lsu%Aecti1e state of &ind) %/4/ da&age is not essential in neglect c/ fraud (co&&itted against e&$lo#er (co&&itted with e&$lo#eeHs wor, d/ willful %reach of trust (willful (related to $erfor&ance of e&$lo#ee functions d/G $erson holing a $osition of TRU*T and ON9IDENE (&anagerial ( holding $ro$erties of the co&$an# e/ co&&ission of a cri&e($erson onl# (e&$lo#er (i&&ediate &e&%ers of fa&il# (authori?ed re$resentati1e f/ analogous causes Note' o@enses &ust ha1e an ele&ent si&ilar to those found in Aust causes/ It &ust %e IOLUNT!R= and BILL9UL !T Note' enu&erated in the %oo,- other analogous causes \defnition of union securit# clause 12. Br2-<6 38 ;.13. s2<;r1t/ -9r2272.tK 4171t-t13.s ! union securit# agree&ent is %inding e1en if the e&$lo#ees are not aware of such agree&ent/ Neither their ignorance nor dissatisfaction with the ter&s and conditions would Austif# their %reach thereof or the for&ation %# the& of a union of their own/ 1%. "-rt1<10-t13. 1. -. ILLEGAL STRIAE (union o+cers La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page 4; (co&&ission of ILLE8!L !T* during a stri,e F union o+cers or &e&%ers (defance of a return to wor, order F!LL *TRITER*- regardless of $artici$ation.co&&ission 1'. S2D;-4 H-r-ss72.t Note' It &ust %e on the $ower %eing e0ercised %# a su$erior o+cer o1er his su%ordinates/ 1(. "r3<2>;r-4 r2F;1r272.ts 38 >1s<1041.-r/ 0r3<22>1.9s G5/G/ conce$t of due $rocess *tandard of due $rocess' a/ twin notice rule ($re(notice ($ost(notice %/ hearing or conference G5/4/ $re1enti1e sus$ension ( 2< da#s non(e0tendi%le G5/2/ %urden of $roof ( rests u$on the e&$lo#er G5/;/ degree of $roof ( su%stantial e1idence 1). C3.tr-->1st1.9;1s6 RELIEF -.> REMEY 1. -. ILLEGAL@!NH!STLY >1s71ss2> 27043/22 (Re&ed# F onl# to fle a co&$laint ( Relief F reinstate&ent) %ac,wages) da&ages) se$aration $a# \deter&ine >I8R!NT wor,ers fro& LO!LL= e&$lo#ed wor,ers 17. W6-t 1s E34;.t-r/ r2s19.-t13.? E4272.ts? It is the act of an e&$lo#ee who fnds hi&self in a situation in which he %elie1es that $ersonal reasons cannot %e sacrifced in fa1or of the e0igenc# of the ser1ice- thus he has no other choice %ut to disassociate hi&self fro& his e&$lo#&ent/ Ele&ents' a/ &ust %e unconditional) %/ with the intent to o$erate as such) and c/ there &ust %e an intention to relin:uish a $ortion of the ter& of o+ce acco&$anied %# an act of relin:uish&ent/ Note' The e&$lo#ee &ust ser1e a written notice on the e&$lo#er at least one &onth in ad1ance/ Once acce$ted- cannot %e withdrawn without the consent of the e&$lo#er/ 1*. W6-t 1s <3.str;<t1E2 >1s71ss-4? Note' In1oluntar# resignation is sa&e with constructi1e dis&issal/ Defned as :uitting %ecause continued e&$lo#&ent is rendered i&$ossi%le- unreasona%le or unli,el#- as an o@er in1ol1ing de&otion in ran, and a di&inution in $a#/ 1+. Is -. 27043/22 2.t1t42> t3 s20-r-t13. 0-/ 1. E34;.t-r/ r2s19.-t13.? ED<20t13.s. !n e&$lo#ee who 1oluntar# resigns fro& his e&$lo#&ent is not entitled to se$aration $a#- e0ce$t when it is sti$ulated in the e&$lo#&ent contract- collecti1e %argaining agree&ent- or if sanctioned %# esta%lished e&$lo#er $ractice or $olic#/ There is no $ro1ision in the L which grants se$aration $a# to 1oluntaril# resigning e&$lo#ees/ 2,. W6-t 1s -5-.>3.72.t 38 27043/72.t? Is C3.str;<t1E2 r2s19.-t13. t62 s-72 -s -5-.>3.72.t 38 27043/72.t? (Initiati1e co&es fro& the E>PLO=EE !%andon&ent of e&$lo#&ent is the deli%erate- unAustifed refusal of an e&$lo#ee to resu&e his wor,/ It is a 1oluntar# act of the e&$lo#ee !TIN TO IOLUNT!R= RE*I8N!TION- the onl# di@erence is that in a%andon&ent of e&$lo#&ent the e&$lo#ee :uits his e&$lo#&ent without notice/ Bhen an e&$lo#ee a%andons his e&$lo#&ent- there is constructi1e resignation/ 21. 1M2r2.<2 52t=22. <3.str;<t1E2 r2s19.-t13. -.> -5s2.<2 =1t63;t 3N<1-4 42-E2. Note' >ost i&$ortant factor if the intent to return.or not return !%andon&ent of e&$lo#&ent should %e distinguished fro& a%sence without lea1e/ In a%andon&ent of e&$lo#&ent there is no intention to return to wor,) whereas in a%sence without lea1e- there is intention to return to wor,/ 22. W6-t 1s Art. 2*)? W6-t -r2 t62 t=3 s1t;-t13.s <3.t2704-t2> 1. Art. 2*)? !RT/ 4K6 F 5hen 6)ploy)ent Not Dee)ed Ter)inated F The %ona fde sus$ension of the o$eration of a %usiness or underta,ing for a $eriod not e0ceeding 6 &onths- or the fulfll&ent %# the e&$lo#ee of a &ilitar# or ci1ic dut# shall not ter&inate e&$lo#&ent/ In all such cases- the e&$lo#er shall reinstate the e&$lo#ee to his for&er $osition without loss of seniorit# rights if he indicates his desire to resu&e his wor, not later than one (G) &onth fro& the resu&$tion of o$erations of his e&$lo#er or fro& his relief fro& the &ilitar# or ci1ic dut#/ a/ Poating status %/ &ilitar# of ci1ic dut# 2%. St-t2 t62 4-= 3. r2t1r272.t. 1st1.9;1s6 r2t1r272.t 8r37 r2s19.-t13. -.> >1s71ss-4. !rt/ 4KJ a$$lies to all e&$lo#ees in the $ri1ate sector- regardless of their $osition La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page 45 designation- status- and irres$ecti1e of the ðod %# which their wages are $aid- e0ce$t those s$ecifcall# e0e&$ted/ ( retire&ent F age and length of ser1ice ( resignation F $ersonal circu&stances ( dis&issal F due to Aust or authori?ed causes 2'. S<6272s 38 r2t1r272.t. a/ co&$ulsor# and contri%utor# in nature) %/ one set u$ %# an agree&ent %etween the e&$lo#er and the e&$lo#ees in B! or other agree&ent %etween the& (other a$$lica%le e&$lo#&ent contract) c/ one that is 1oluntaril# gi1en %# the e&$lo#er- e0$ressl# as in an announced co&$an# $olic# or i&$liedl# as in failure to contest the e&$lo#eeHs clai& for retire&ent %enefts/ 2(. W63 -r2 <3E2r2> 5/ t62 r2t1r272.t 0r3E1s13.s 1. t62 4-53r <3>2? ED<20t13.s. !rt/ 4KJ a$$lies to all e&$lo#ees in the $ri1ate sector- regardless of their $osition designation- status- and irres$ecti1e of the ðod %# which their wages are $aid- e0ce$t those s$ecifcall# e0e&$ted/ E0ce$tions' G/ E&$lo#ees of national go1ern&ent- and its $olitical su%di1isions- including 8OHs if the# are co1ered %# i1il *er1ice Laws/ 4/ E&$lo#ees or retail- ser1ice and agricultural esta%lish&ents or o$erations regularl# e&$lo#ing not &ore than G< e&$lo#ees/ 2). W62. <-. -. 27043/22 r2t1r2 3r =62. 1t 1s >2272> r2t1r2>? Note' should distinguish B!- contracts- L !ge 6<(less than 65 F O$tional %ut the e&$lo#ee &ust ha1e ser1ed at least 5 #ears/ !ge 65 ( o&$ulsor# 27. W6-t 1s 30t13.-4 r2t1r272.t? Retire&ent $rior to reaching the co&$ulsor# age as sti$ulated in a contract- B!- or L at o$tion of the e&$lo#ee or the e&$lo#er de$ending on whether there is an e0isting retire&ent $lan or not/ 2*. W6-t -r2 t=3 J1.>s 38 r2t1r272.t 1. t62 4-53r <3>2? Note' distinguish the e&$lo#ees as well as on retire&ent $lan- B!- contracts a/ O$tional %/ o&$ulsor# 2+. W63 <-. 2D2r<1s2 t3 r2t1r2? Note' DI*TIN8UI*" Note' the o$tion to retire is not alwa#s %ased on age- it &a# also %e %ased on length of ser1ice/ a/ If there is no retire&ent $lan or contract F e&$lo#ee onl#/ %/ If there is a retire&ent $lan or contract F either the e&$lo#ee or e&$lo#er/ %,. Cr171.-4 -<t13.s 1. 4-53r <3>2 0r2s<r152s 1. % /2-rs %1. !L" <-s2s 0r2s<r152s 1. 1 /2-r 8r37 -<<r;-4 38 s;<6 ;.8-1r 4-53r 0r-<t1<2 %2. I4429-4 r2<r;1t72.t 83r 43<-4 27043/72.t 0r2s<r152s 1. % /2-rs. %%. I4429-4 r2<r;1t72.t 83r 719r-.t =3rJ2rs -.> OFW 0r2s<r152s 1. t62 83443=1.9$ a/ si&$le F 5 #ears %/ in1ol1ing econo&ic sa%otage F 4< #ears %'. M3.2/ <4-17s 0r2s<r152 1. % /2-rs 8r37 t62 -<<r;-4 38 t62 <-;s2 38 -<t13. Note' co1ers all &one# clai&s in the la%or code %(. A<t13. 83r r21.st-t272.t 0r2s<r152s 1. ' /2-rs CONTIN!ATION 1. W6-t 1s t62 4-= 3. s2<;r1t/ 38 t2.;r2? *ecurit# of Tenure is the constitutional right granted the e&$lo#ee that the e&$lo#er shall not ter&inate the ser1ices of an e&$lo#ee e0ce$t for Aust cause or when authori?ed %# law/ It e0tends to regular ($er&anent) as well as non( regular (te&$orar#) e&$lo#&ent/ 2. W6-t -r2 t62 L;st <-;s2s? a/ serious &isconduct or willful diso%edience of the lawful orders- in connection with his wor, a/G/ re:uisites of serious &isconduct.willful diso%edience %/ gross !ND ha%itual neglect of dut# %/G/ distinguish neglect ($urel# o%Aecti1e fact) fro& negligence Lsu%Aecti1e state of &ind) %/4/ da&age is not essential in neglect c/ fraud (co&&itted against e&$lo#er (co&&itted with e&$lo#eeHs wor, d/ willful %reach of trust (willful (related to $erfor&ance of e&$lo#ee functions La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page 46 d/G $erson holing a $osition of TRU*T and ON9IDENE (&anagerial ( holding $ro$erties of the co&$an# e/ co&&ission of a cri&e($erson onl# (e&$lo#er (i&&ediate &e&%ers of fa&il# (authori?ed re$resentati1e f/ analogous causes Note' o@enses &ust ha1e an ele&ent si&ilar to those found in Aust causes/ It &ust %e IOLUNT!R= and BILL9UL !T Note' enu&erated in the %oo,- other analogous causes \defnition of union securit# clause %. I. =6-t 1.st-.<2 1s -. 27043/22 2.t1t42> t3 >-7-92s (73r-4 >-7-92s)? 8enerall# when the e&$lo#ee is dis&issed (whether for Aust cause or not) without following due $rocess/ '. W6-t 1s t62 r24128 1. >1s71ss-4 83r L;st <-;s2s? No relief %ecause it is Aust cause %ut he can fle a co&$laint as re&ed# (. "r3<2>;r-4 r2F;1r272.ts 38 >;2 0r3<2ss 1. t62 0r3<22>1.9s. a/ 9or ter&ination %ased on Aust causes under !rt/ 4K4- $rocedural due $rocess &eans co&$liance with the' G/ ! written notice Lfrst notice) ser1ed on the e&$lo#ee s$ecif#ing the ground for ter&ination- and gi1ing to said e&$lo#ee reasona%le o$$ortunit# to e0$lain his side/ 4/ ! hearing or conference (or at least an o$$ortunit# to %e heard) during which the e&$lo#ee concerned- with the assistance of counsel if the e&$lo#ee so desires- is gi1en o$$ortunit# to res$ond to the charge- $resent his e1idence or re%ut the e1idence $resented against hi&/ 2/ ! written notice of ter&ination (second notice) ser1ed on the e&$lo#ee indicating that u$on due consideration of all the circu&stances- grounds ha1e %een esta%lished to Austif# his ter&ination/ %/ 9or ter&ination %ased on authori?ed cause under !rts 4K2 and 4K;- co&$liance with $rocedural due $rocess which &eans ser1ice of a written notice to the e&$lo#ee !ND the a$$ro$riate Regional O+ce of the DLOE at least 2< da#s %efore the e@ecti1it# the ground or grounds for ter&ination/ c/ 9or ter&ination %ased on co&$letion of contract or $hase thereof F No $rior notice is re:uired/ d/ 9or ter&ination of $ro%ationar# e&$lo#&ent %ased on failure to &eet the standards of e&$lo#&ent(written notice &ust %e ser1ed to the e&$lo#ee concerned within a reasona%le ti&e fro& the e@ecti1e date of ter&ination/ ). W6-t 1s t62 2M2<t 38 >1s71ss-4 18 t62r2 1s .3 >;2 0r3<2ss? (=1t63;t >;2 0r3<2ss) a/ If with Aust cause- dis&issal will %e u$held %ut e&$lo#er will %e lia%le for da&ages/ %/ If without Aust cause- dis&issal is dee&ed illegal/ 7. As1>2 8r37 t62 L;st <-;s2s 1. t62 <3>2I -r2 t62r2 3t62r E-41> <-;s2s 38 >1s71ss-4? ()) a/ Iiolation of co&$an# rules and regulations) %/ Breach of union securit# arrange&ents) c/ Partici$ation in an illegal stri,e) d/ o&&ission of illegal acts during a stri,e) e/ Defance of return(to(wor, order in a stri,e) and f/ *e0ual harass&ent/ *. W6-t 1s s2D;-4 6-r-ss72.t? E4272.ts. *e0ual harass&ent is co&&itted %# an e&$lo#er - e&$lo#ee- &anager- su$er1isor- or agent of the e&$lo#er who- ha1ing authorit#- inPuence or &oral ascendanc# o1er another- de&ands- re:uests or otherwise re:uires an# se0ual fa1or fro& another- regardless of whether the de&and- re:uest or re:uire&ent is acce$ted/ In a wor,(related or e&$lo#&ent en1iron&ent- se0ual harass&ent is co&&itted' a/ Bhen se0ual fa1or is &ade as a condition for hiring- re(e&$lo#&ent- or continued e&$lo#&ent of an e&$lo#ee) or %/ Bhen se0ual fa1or is &ade as a condition for granting fa1ora%le ter&s- conditions- $ro&otions- co&$ensation- or $ri1ileges) c/ Bhen refusal to grant the se0ual fa1or results in li&iting- segregating- or classif#ing the e&$lo#ee which in an# wa# would discri&inate- de$ri1e- or di&inish e&$lo#&ent o$$ortunities or otherwise ad1ersel# a@ect said e&$lo#ee) d/ Bhen se0ual ad1ances i&$air the e&$lo#eeHs rights or $ri1ileges under e0isting la%or laws) or e/ Bhen the se0ual ad1ances result in an inti&idating- hostile- or o@ensi1e en1iron&ent for the e&$lo#ee/ +. W6-t -r2 -;t63r1:2> <-;s2s 83r >1s71ss-4? Note' econo&ic Austifcations a/ Installation of la%or sa1ing de1ices) %/ Redundanc#) La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page 4J c/ Retrench&ent to $re1ent losses) and d/ losing or cessation of o$eration of the esta%lish&ent/ 1,. T2r71.-t13. 3. t62 9r3;.> 38 >1s2-s2I r2F;1s1t2s. a/ That the continued e&$lo#&ent of the sic, e&$lo#ee is $rohi%ited %# law or is $reAudicial to his health or to the health of his co( e&$lo#ees) and %/ That there is a certifcation fro& a co&$etent $u%lic health authorit# that the disease is of such nature or at such a stage that it cannot %e cured within a $eriod of si0 (6) &onths e1en with $ro$er &edical treat&ent/ GG/ Installation of la%or(sa1ing de1ices F G &onth for e1er# #ear of ser1ice Redundanc# F in e0cess of econo&ic resource needed F G &onth for e1er# #ear of ser1ice Retrench&ent F reduction of $ersonnel due to actual losses or to $re1ent loss F ] &onth for e1er# #ear of ser1ice losure or cessation of %usiness F ] &onth for e1er# #ear of ser1ice (!rt/ 4K2 $er&anent (!rt/ 4K6 te&$orar# (not due to serious %usiness losses F with se$aration $a# (due to serious %usiness losses F no se$aration $a# Note' re:uire&ents.$rocedure.notice in closure of %usiness III. "ROCE!RE (Arts. 212-22)) 1. W63 1s -. 27043/2r? It includes an# $erson acting in the interest of an e&$lo#er- directl# or indirectl#/ La%or Organi?ation as an e&$lo#er- acting as an agent of the e&$lo#er/ Unregistered !ssociation as an e&$lo#er/ The law does not re:uire an e&$lo#er to %e registered %efore he &a# co&e within the $ur1iew of the La%or ode/ 2. W63 1s -. 27043/22? It includes not onl# those who are usuall# and ordinaril# considered e&$lo#ees- %ut also those who ha1e ceased as e&$lo#ees as a conse:uence of (a) la%or dis$ute or (%) unfair la%or $ractice- i! he has not obtained any other substantially eEui1alent and re0ular e)ploy)ent$ N3t2$ *u%stantiall# e:ui1alent and regular e&$lo#&ent &ust %e deter&ined on the nature of the Ao% itself and the career that it can o@er the e&$lo#ee/ %. Cr2-t13. -.> C3703s1t13. 38 NLRC *olel# for $rogra& and $olic# coordination onl#/ o&$osed of a hair&an and 42 >e&%ers/ (42ZG) 4;(&an tri$artite %od# co&$osed of re$resentati1es fro& the $u%lic sector- wor,ersH sector and e&$lo#ersH sector/ K Di1isions- 2 &e&%ers in each di1ision each ha1ing e0ecuti1e cler,s and co&&ission attorne#s/ Territorial di1isions of NLR are designed &erel# for ad&inistrati1e e+cienc#/ The hair&an &a# designate additional o&&issioners fro& other di1isions as &a# %e necessar# to constitute a :uoru&/ '. H;r1s>1<t13. 38 NLRC (a) Original Uurisdiction G/ ases certifed to it %# the *ecretar# of La%or and E&$lo#&ent $ursuant to !rticle 462/ 4/ InAunction cases under !rticles 4GK (e) and 46;/ (%) !$$ellate Uurisdiction G/ ases decided %# the Regional Director under !rticle G4L/ 4/ ases decided %# the La%or !r%iter/ (. H;r1s>1<t13. 38 L-53r Ar51t2r (a) Original and E0clusi1e Uurisdiction G/ Unfair la%or $ractice/ 4/ Ter&ination dis$utes/ 2/ lai&s for wages- rates of $a#- hours of wor, and other ter&s and conditions of e&$lo#&ent- if acco&$anied %# a clai& for reinstate&ent/ ;/ lai&s for actual- &oral- e0e&$lar# and other for&s of da&ages arising fro& e&$lo#er( e&$lo#ee relations/ 5/ ases arising fro& an# 1iolation of !rticle 46;- including :uestions in1ol1ing the legalit# of stri,es and loc,outs/ 6/ lai&s of e&$lo#ees or do&estic hel$ers in1ol1ing an a&ount e0ceeding P5-<<< regardless of whether acco&$anied %# a clai& for reinstate&ent/ J/ >one# clai&s arising out of e&$lo#er( e&$lo#ee relationshi$ or %# 1irtue of an# law or contract in1ol1ing 9ili$ino wor,ers for o1erseas de$lo#&ent- including actual- &oral- e0e&$lar# and other for&s of da&ages/ K/ Bage distortion dis$utes in unorgani?ed esta%lish&ents/ L/ Enforce&ent or annul&ent of co&$ro&ise agree&ents/ La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page 4K G</ !ll other clai&s arising fro& e&$lo#er( e&$lo#ee relations- e0ce$t clai&s for E- ***- &edicare and &aternit# %enefts/ Note' (a) Ioluntar# !r%itrators are 1ested with authorit# to hear and decide ULP and all other la%or dis$utes- u$on agree&ent of the $arties/ (!rt/ 464) (%) *ecretar# of La%or and E&$lo#&ent is authori?ed to assu&e Aurisdiction o1er a la%or dis$ute causing or li,el# to cause a stri,e or loc,out in an industr# indis$ensa%le to national interest/ (!rt/ 462 3g7) ). W6-t 1s - t2r71.-t13. >1s0;t2? It is a contro1ers# o1er the 1alidit# of se1erance of e&$lo#&ent/ 7. W63 6-s L;r1s>1<t13. 3E2r t2r71.-t13. >1s0;t2s? It de$ends/ 8eneral Rule' La%or !r%iter E0ce$tions' (a) Dis$utes in1ol1ing ter&ination of cor$orate o+cers/ (RT) (%) Dis$utes arising fro& inter$retation or i&$le&entation of B!/ (Ioluntar# !r%itrator through grie1ance &achiner#) (c) Dis$utes arising fro& inter$retation or enforce&ent of co&$an# $ersonnel $olicies/ (sa&e of 3%7) Note' (G) Under (%) if acco&$anied with actual ter&ination of e&$lo#ee- La%or !r%iter has Aurisdiction/ (4) Under (c) if co&$an# $ersonnel $olicies are $uniti1e in character- La%or !r%iter has Aurisdiction/ *. W63 6-s L;r1s>1<t13. 3E2r 73.2/ <4-17s 38 27043/22s? It de$ends/ If acco&$anied with reinstate&ent- La%or !r%iter has Aurisdiction r29-r>42ss 38 t62 -73;.t 1.E34E2>. If without reinstate&ent' a/ clai& e0ceeds P5-<<< F L! %/ clai& does not e0ceed P5-<<< F Regional Director of DOLE +. W63 6-s L;r1s>1<t13. 83r 73.2/ <4-17s 38 M19r-.t W3rJ2rs? Under *ec/ G<- R! K<;4 ( >igrant Bor,ers !ct of GLL5- La%or !r%iter has Aurisdiction/ 1,. R;42s 3. G41.9 73.2/ <4-17s -9-1.st -. 27043/2r. (a) if &one# clai&s falls within La%or ode- B! or an# other la%or laws and statutes F L! (%) if &one# clai&s falls within i1il ode F regular courts 11. W63 6-s L;r1s>1<t13. 3E2r 73.2/ <4-17s 38 <3r03r-t2 3N<2rs? The RT has Aurisdiction (%efore it was *E)- $ro1ided it is a cor$orate contro1ers# within the conte&$lation of the or$oration ode/ To deter&ine if itHs a cor$orate contro1ers#- concurrent factors should %e considered such as the status or relationshi$ of the $arties or the nature of the :uestion that is the su%Aect of the contro1ers#/ (>ainland onstruction 1s/ >o1illa) 12. H;r1s>1<t13. 83r <4-17 38 >-7-92s To %e cogni?a%le %# the La%or !r%iter- it &ust ha1e a r2-s3.-542 <-;s-4 <3..2<t13. with an# of the clai&s $ro1ided for in !rt/ 4GJ/ (a) arising fro& negligence of a co(wor,er F regular courts (falls under :uasi(delicts) (%) %reach of contract of e&$lo#&ent F regular courts ( In the case of *inga$ore !irlines 1s/ Pano- %reached of training $rogra&s at the e0$ense of airline is for li:uidated da&ages for %reach of contractual o%ligations hence within the $ur1iew of i1il ode/ (c) arising fro& &alicious $rosecution ( regular courts (d) arising fro& slanderous re&ar,s of a cor$orate o+cer F regular courts 1%. H;r1s>1<t13. 83r <-s2s -r1s1.9 8r37 E134-t13. 38 Art. 2)' The La%or !r%iter has original and e0clusi1e Aurisdiction/ The Aurisdictional grant has two as$ects' (a) cases arising for 1iolation of !rt/ 46; (%) o1er :uestions in1ol1ing legalit# of stri,es and loc,outs "owe1er- since the Aurisdictional grant o1er (a) raises certain de%ata%le issue on the call for inAuncti1e relief- !rt/ 4GK (e) $ro1ides that the $ower to issue inAunction falls within the Aurisdiction of NLR not with the La%or !r%iters/ 1'. H;r1s>1<t13. 83r -44 3t62r <4-17s -r1s1.9 8r37 27043/2r-27043/22 r24-t13.s The reasona%le causal connection doctrine &ust %e e&$lo#ed/ There &ust %e connection %etween the clai& asserted and the e&$lo#er(e&$lo#ee relations/ La%or !r%iters has original and e0clusi1e Aurisdiction/ "owe1er- under !rt/ G4K in the e0ercise of 1isitorial and enforce&ent $owers of the La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page 4L *ecretar# of La%or- onl# the latter can e0ercise Aurisdiction o1er cases therein- regardless of the a&ount in1ol1ed/ 1(. H;r1s>1<t13. 83r W-92 1st3rt13. >1s0;t2s It de$ends whether the co&$an# is organi?ed or unorgani?ed/ (a) organi?ed or with B! F Ioluntar# !r%itrator (%) unorgani?ed or without B! F La%or !r%iter 1). W6-t -r2 t62 03=2rs 38 NLRC? (a) Rule(&a,ing $ower (%) In1estigati1e $ower (c) onte&$t Power (d) InAuncti1e $ower (e) Ocular Ins$ection F3r t62 1.L;.<t1E2 03=2rI 1t 1s <3.>1t13.2> ;03. t62 2D1st2.<2 38 4-53r >1s0;t2/ Bithout a la%or dis$ute- the authorit# to issue inAunction %elongs to the regular courts/ 17. W6-t 1s - 4-53r >1s0;t2? !n# contro1ers# concerning ter&s and conditions of e&$lo#&ent or the association or re$resentation of $ersons in negotiating- f0ing- &aintaining- charging or arranging the ter&s and conditions of e&$lo#&ent- re0ardless o! whether the disputants stand in the pro7i)ate relation o! e)ployer and e)ployee$ 1*. W6-t -r2 t62 0r3<2>;r-4 r2F;1s1t2s 38 L-53r I.L;.<t13.? (a) Ierifed $etition alleging the acts- which if not restrained or $erfor&ed forthwith- &a# cause gra1e or irre$ara%le da&age/ (%) Personal notice ser1ed to all ,nown $ersons against who& relief is sought/ (c) "earing/ 1+. W6-t -r2 t62 s;5st-.t1E2 r2F;1s1t2s 38 L-53r I.L;.<t13.? (a) Prohi%ited or unlawful acts ha1e %een threatened and will %e co&&itted and will %e continued unless restrained/ (%) *u%stantial and irre$ara%le inAur# to co&$lainantHs $ro$ert# will follow/ (c) 8reater inAur# will %e inPicted u$on co&$lainant %# a denial of relief than will %e inPicted u$on defendant %# granting the relief/ (d) No ade:uate re&ed# at law/ (e) The $u%lic o+cers charged with the dut# to $rotect co&$lainantHs $ro$ert# are una%le or unwilling to furnish ade:uate $rotection/ InAur# is considered irre$ara%le if it is of such constant and fre:uent recurrence that no fair and reasona%le redress can %e had therefor in a court of law/ Re&ed# is considered ade:uate if it a@ords relief with reference to the &atter in contro1ers# and which is a$$ro$riate to the $articular circu&stances of the case/ Te&$orar# restraining order is not s#non#&ous with la%or inAunction/ La%or inAunction re:uisites for $rocedural and su%stanti1e as$ects &ust %e strictl# co&$lied with since it is disfa1oured %# law/ La%or inAunction cannot %e issued e7 parte unli,e in TRO with the pro1iso of co&$liance of the conditions set forth %# law/ TRO has a .3.-2Dt2.>1542 lifeti&e of 4< da#s/ La%or inAunction fro& NLR is NOT the $ro$er re&ed# against e&$lo#ee dis&issal/ (P!L 1s/ NLR) 2,. C-. - str1J2 52 2.L31.2> 5/ NLRC? 8eneral rule' No- e1en if it is illegal/ E0ce$tions' (a) if declared against an industr# indis$ensa%le to national interest F *ecretar# of La%or &a# assu&e Aurisdiction or certif# the dis$ute for co&$ulsor# ar%itration (NLR)/ (%) if staged %# e&$lo#ees who are not accorded with the right to stri,e/ (c) if declared under intra or inter(union dis$utes/ 21. C-. - >1s<1041.-r/ 0r3<22>1.9 52 2.L31.2> 5/ NLRC? No- the in1estigation and i&$osition of disci$linar# action against erring e&$lo#ees is a function that solel# and e0clusi1el# %elongs to an e&$lo#er/ 22. R;42s 83r C370r371s2 A9r2272.t It is conclusi1e- 1alid and %inding %etween the $arties e1enthough it is not #et a$$ro1ed %# La%or !r%iter/ It includes e1en when there is alread# a fnal Audg&ent/ (Ola#%ar 1s/ NLR) In case of 1iolation of a co&$ro&ise -9r2272.t- the re&edies are' (a) enforce&ent or (%) rescission/ In case of 1iolation of co&$ro&ise L;>972.t- the re&edies are (a) &otion for e0ecution- in case of non(co&$liance) (%) action to annul or (c) $etition for relief of Audg&ent under Rule 2K of the RO/ The reduction of attorne#Hs fees in the co&$ro&ise agree&ent does not %ar to its a$$ro1al/ (Uesal1a 1s/ Bautista) 2%. W6-t -r2 t62 r2F;1r272.ts 83r - E-41> F;1t<4-17? La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page 2< (a) Ioluntaril# arri1ed %# $arties/ (%) Bith the assistance of BLR or an# re$resentati1e of DOLE/ (c) onsideration &ust %e reasona%le- without fraud or deceit and not contrar# to $u%lic $olic#- &orals or good custo&s/ 2'. C-. .3.-4-=/2rs -002-r 5283r2 NLRC? Ar2 t62/ 2.t1t42> t3 -tt3r.2/Os 822s? Non(law#ers &a# a$$ear %efore NLR or an# La%or !r%iter onl# if' (a) he re$resents hi&self as $art# to the case (%) he re$resents a legiti&ate la%or organi?ation which is a $art# to the case (c) he re$resents a &e&%er of a legiti&ate la%or organi?ation (d) he is a dul#(accredited &e&%er of an# legal aid o+ce dul# recogni?ed %# DOU or IBP (e) he is the owner or $resident of a cor$oration which is a $art# to the case Non(law#ers are not entitled to attorne#Hs fees %ecause entitle&ent to attorne#Hs fees $resu$$oses the e0istence of attorne#(client relationshi$/ 2(. W6-t 1s t62 r272>/ 8r37 ->E2rs2 >2<1s13. 38 L-53r Ar51t2r? W6-t -r2 t62 02r13>s? The $ro$er re&ed# fro& ad1erse decision of the La%or !r%iter is not a &otion for reconsideration %ut -002-4/ (a) a$$eal fro& decisions or orders of Regional Director under !rt/ G4L F ( <-42.>-r >-/s fro& recei$t (%) a$$eal fro& decisions or orders of the La%or !r%iter F 1, <-42.>-r >-/s fro& recei$t 2). W6-t -r2 t62 9r3;.>s 83r -002-4? (a) $ri&a facie e1idence of a%use of discretion on the $art of the La%or !r%iter or Regional Director (%) decision- order or award was secured through fraud or coercion- including graft and corru$tion (c) &ade $urel# on :uestions of law (d) serious errors in the fndings of 8-<t are raised which if not corrected would cause gra1e or irre$ara%le da&age or inAur# to the a$$ellant 27. W6-t -r2 t62 r2F;1s1t2s 83r 02r82<t13. 38 -002-4? (a) &e&orandu& of a$$eal (%) a$$eal fee (c) a$$eal %ond (d) $roof of ser1ice to the ad1erse $art# >ere notice of a$$eal without co&$l#ing with the other re:uisites for $erfection of a$$eal shall not sto$ the running of the $eriod for $erfecting an a$$eal/ >e&orandu& of a$$eal should 7-.>-t3r14/ contain a certifcate of non( foru& sho$$ing/ !$$eal %ond is .3t re:uired if' (G) there is no &onetar# award) (4) it is the e&$lo#ee who a$$eals a Audg&ent) (2) a$$eal :uestions onl# the award of da&ages or att#Hs fees) and (;) decision a$$ealed fro& does not state the a&ount of the &onetar# award/ Posting of %ond does not sta# the reinstate&ent order of L!/ 2*. W6-t 1s t62 2M2<t 38 r2E2rs-4 38 r21.st-t272.t 3r>2r 3. -002-4? (a) if the reinstate&ent order was carried out F the e&$lo#er can $ut an end to such reinstate&ent once the Audg&ent of NLR %eco&es fnal and e0ecutor#/ (%) if the reinstate&ent order was not carried out F (G) non(reinstate&ent was %rought a%out %# the ;.L;st1G2> r28;s-4 on the $art of 27043/2r- latter %ound to $a# the salaries of e&$lo#ee fro& notice of L!Hs decision until its ulti&ate re1ersal %# NLR/ (4) non(reinstate&ent was %rought a%out %# the ;.L;st1G2> r28;s-4 of the 27043/22 to re$ort for wor,- e&$lo#er is not dut#(%ound to $a# an# salar#/ (2) e&$lo#ee did .3t E193r3;s4/ $ursue his reinstate&ent- e&$lo#er not o%liged to $a# an# salar# %ecause e&$lo#ee dee&ed to ha1e forfeited his right to reinstate&ent through wai1er or laches/ (;) e&$lo#er was not a%le to reinstate e&$lo#ee during $endenc# of a$$eal for reasons .3t -ttr15;t-542 t3 61s 8-;4t- e&$lo#er cannot %e o%liged to $a# an# salar# %ecause reinstate&ent has %eco&e an i&$ossi%ilit#/ 2+. W6-t 1s t62 0r1.<10-4 t-sJ 38 B;r2-; 38 L-53r R24-t13.s? !side fro& its $olic#(&a,ing functions- its $rinci$al tas, is now li&ited to handling inter( union and intra(union conPicts- registration and cancellation of registration of la%or organi?ations- $articularl# those in1ol1ing federation- national unions or industr# unions/ I.tr--;.13. >1s0;t2 is a contro1ers# %etween and a&ong union )e)bers/ I.t2r-;.13. >1s0;t2 is a contro1ers# %etween and a&ong le0iti)ate labor unions/ La%or Re1iew on La%or Relations DE! (Prof/Ungos) F Bala&%an- Paruginog- *aida&en(Bas&an Page 2G