Higher Tier 57 Test

Name _____________________________ Class ____________

1

In the winter lorries spread road grit. It is a mixture of salt and broken stones. The grit helps
tyres to grip the icy roads. The salt helps to make the ice melt.
Four pupils were investigating road grit. Each planned to
dissolve all the salt from road grit and find out how much
grit was left. The drawing shows the apparatus they used.
i
What is the name of the separation method they used?

[1 mark]
ii

Join the names of the substances to how they are classified.

Substance
Classification
grit
solvent
salt
solute
water
insoluble solid
[1 mark]
The table below shows the pupils results.

Pupil

Mass of
dry grit left (g)

Mass of
dry road grit (g)

Mass of
salt (g)

John

40

36

Sharma

25

24

Peta

30

27

Marie

38

34

Suggest two reasons why one pupil had not succeeded in dissolving all the salt in the
road grit.
I __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
ii __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

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Higher Tier 57 Test (continued)

c

John decides he wants to separate the water from the salt in his solution. He uses the
apparatus shown. Water exists as liquid water, steam and ice in different places in the
apparatus.
i

Add three labels to the diagram to show:

pure water
ice
steam.
[3 marks]

ii

What is the pH of pure water?

_______________________
[1 mark]

The Earth is in orbit around the Sun. The diagram shows the Earth in four different positions
during its orbit.

In which position is the Earth when it is:

i
summer in the northern hemisphere? Write summer by the Earth.
ii
spring in the northern hemisphere? Write spring by the Earth.
[2 marks]

Which planet is in orbit:

i
nearest to the Sun __________________________________________________
ii
between Earth and Jupiter? ___________________________________________
[2 marks]

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Higher Tier 57 Test (continued)

c

Jupiter has many moons. At different times in the year one or more can be seen through
a telescope. Give two reasons why we cannot see all of Jupiters moons all the time.
i__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
ii__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

What force keeps the moons of Jupiter in orbit around the planet?
______________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]
Joseph Priestley (17731804) showed that:

a plant in a sealed jar dies

a mouse in a sealed jar dies

a mouse and a plant in a sealed jar keep living.

He said that breathing and burning made fixed air, but plants helped to restore good air. In
his writings Priestley suggested that both breathing and burning made air exhausted.
Jan Ingenhousz (17301799) repeated Priestleys experiments and showed that fixed air
could be restored to being good by sunlight with plant leaves, but not sunlight with plant
roots, flowers or fruits.
a
i
What substance, present in plant leaves, enables plants to restore fixed air to
being good?
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
ii

What is the name of this process that occurs in leaves to make fixed air good?

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
iii

What gas was removed from air, by breathing and burning, for Priestley to
describe the air as exhausted?

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
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Higher Tier 57 Test (continued)

b

Plants need more than sunlight and fixed air to survive. The leaves also need water.
Describe how the organ system in the plant works for the leaves to obtain water.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

The drawing shows the palisade cell in a plant leaf.

Complete the sentences to give three ways that the palisade cell
is different from an animal cell such as a cheek cell.
Unlike animal cells palisade cells contain:
i

_________________________________________________________________

ii

_________________________________________________________________

iii

_________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

Some boys were skimming stones across a pond. This is part of their conversation.

Hakan

Padrig

Jack

Give two pieces of evidence that show that the Earth is a sphere.
i
_________________________________________________________________
ii

_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

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Higher Tier 57 Test (continued)

b

What property of water allows it to run downwards? Tick one box.

It has a top surface.
It can flow.
It fills a container.
It does not support a heavy weight.
[1 mark]

ii

What name is given to the force that makes water run downwards?
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

Padrig had a toy boat. Describe what he could do to show that the surface of the
water is flat and support his statement.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

ii

[2 marks]
Use the diagram of the Earth to explain why Jacks argument must be correct, even
though on a pond 100 m across the water surface looks flat.

circumference = 40 000km

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
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Higher Tier 57 Test (continued

d

In the boxes below draw the arrangement of particles in liquid water and water
vapour (gas).
Use small circles (O) to represent water particles.
Liquid

Gas

[3 marks]
ii

Give one physical property of both a liquid and a gas.

_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

During sexual reproduction, in plants and animals, fertilisation occurs when male sex cells
and female sex cells fuse.
a
Complete the table to give the scientific names of the sex cells in humans and plants.
Male sex cell

Female sex cell

Human
Plant

[2 marks]
In the fertilisation process, a male sex cell brings half the inheritance characteristics,
called chromosomes, from the male parent to join with half the characteristics of the
female parent.
i
Which part of the sex cells contains the inheritance characteristics?
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
ii

One way that male sex cells are adapted to their function is they have only half
the chromosomes of other cells. Describe two further ways the human male sex
cell is adapted to its function.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

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Higher Tier 57 Test (continued)

iii

[2 marks]
For fertilisation to occur in plants the plant male sex cell must land on the stigma
of a flower. Describe what now happens so that the male inheritance
characteristics reach the female sex cell.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

6 The graph shows how the

temperature of frozen water
changes when it is heated
steadily.

[2 marks]
Tempe
rature
(C)

Time (minutes)

The temperature of the ice increases at a steady speed over the first five minutes.
What is this speed in C/min?
_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________C/min
[1 mark]

ii

Continue the graph to show how the temperature of the water will change
between 20 and 40 minutes of steady heating.
[2 marks]

Describe how the movement and arrangement of the water molecules changes as the
temperature rises from 10 C to +10 C.
__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

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Higher Tier 57 Test (continued)

c

Not all the energy supplied by the heater remains in the water.
Give the names of three ways that energy can be transferred from the water to the
surroundings and wasted.
i

_________________________________________________________________

ii

_________________________________________________________________

iii

_________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

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