Natural Disasters

High winds - typhoons

Squalls, swells
Hurricane
Tornado
Extreme wave
Extreme current
Tsunami
Extreme heat
High humidity
Lightning
Earthquake
External Effects
Dropped object
Marine collision
Helicopter impact
Reduced visibility
Sabotage/terrorism
Mooring line failure
Structural failure
Loading arm failure
Tank sloshing
FSRU listing
LNG carrier listing
Loss of station keeping
Loss of buoyancy
Fatigue/cracking
Human Factors
Occupational accidents
Improper/inadequate training
Weather monitoring
Shipping traffic monitoring
Material handling
Man overboard
Dynamic situations
Equipment/Instrumentation Malfunction
Cryogenic pump failure
Pump seal failure
Safety systems
Communication
Common cause failures
Process Upsets
Pressure deviations
Temperature deviations
Flow deviations
Level deviations
Improper mixing
Corrosion/erosion
Startup/shutdown
Simultaneous operations
Composition Problems
Moisture
H2S Concentrations
CO2
Utility Failures
Blackout
Cooling water
Instrument air
Inert gas
Nitrogen
Fire water
HVAC system
Ballast system
Thruster
Emergency Operations
Escape/egress/rescue
Disconnect during loading
Turning bow against intruder
Release from vent
Loss of Containment/Fire/Explosion
Leak from LNG tank
Leak from piping/flange
Leak from process area
Leak from loading line/arm
Leak from turret
Leak from export system
Leak from vapor system
Leak from fuel gas
Leak into ballast tank
Drains
Bunker oil fire
Engine room fire
Generator room fire
Accommodations fire
Explosive hazards
Energy release
Environmental Impact
Flaring/venting during normal operations
Flaring/venting during emergency
LNG leak
Waste water treatment
Ballast water disposal
Oily water treatment/disposal
Crew Transportation
Crew boat accident
Accident during transfer of personnel to FSRU
Helicopter accident
Inspection/Maintenance Issues
Confined space
Machinery/instrument accessibility
Reduced visibility
Hazard Type Guideword Expanders
Temperature extremes,
Waves,
Wind,
Dust,
Flooding,
Sandstorms,
Ice,
Blizzards
Lightning
Seismic Activity
Ground slide,
Coastal,
Riverine
Ground structure,
Foundations,
Reservoir depletion
Flaring,
Venting,
Fugitive emissions,
Energy efficiency
Drainage,
Water quality,
Waste disposal options
Drainage,
Chemical spillage,
Waste disposal options
Previous land use,
Vulnerable fauna and flora,
Visual impact,
Local population,
Area minimisation
Internal & external
security threats
Riots,
Civil disturbance,
Strikes,
Military action,
Political unrest
Farming,
Fishing,
Local industry
Helicopter / Aircraft Crash
Hazard Type Guideword Expanders
Process Releases Gas clouds,
- Unignited Gas detection,
Emergency response
External and Environmental Hazards
Natural Hazards Extreme Weather
Erosion
Subsidence
External & 3rd Party
Hazards
Sabotage
Terrorist Activity
Third Party Activities
Environmental Impact Discharges to Air
Discharges to Water
Discharges to Soil
Location and Layout
Facility Hazards
Process Hazards
Process releases Fire,
- Ignited Explosion,
Heat,
Smoke,
Fire detection,
Emergency response
Process releases H2S detection,
- toxic Emergency response
Heat,
Ignition source,
Location
Discharge to atmosphere,
Location,
Dispersion
Draining
Sampling Operator Error
Control rooms,
Accommodation
Ingress to safe areas,
HVAC shutdown
Ingress to safe areas,
HVAC shutdown
Stacking and storage
Hazard Type Guideword Expanders
Endimec diseases,
Infection,
Contaminated water / fodd,
Social e.g. HIV
Drinking water,
Lighting,
Noise
Extreme hot/cold,
Ventilation,
Guarding
Exhaust fumes,
Confined spaces
Venting
Working environment
Physical
Temperature
Atmospheres
Accommodation and
non-process area
hazards
Non Process Fires
Smoke Ingress
Gas Ingress
Health Hazards
Health Hazard Disease Hazards
Process Hazards
Flaring
Guideword Deviation
FLOW NO/LESS
MORE
REVERSE
TEMPERATURE HIGH
LOW
PRESSURE HIGH
LOW
LEVEL HIGH
LOW
COMPOSITION CHANGE
ERROSION HIGH
DEPOSITION PROBLEMS
CORROSION HIGH
SERVICES FAILURE
STARTUP / SHUTDOWN PROBLEMS &
REQUIREMENTS
MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION
/ TEST
PROBLEMS &
REQUIREMENTS
OTHER
HAZOP Study Guidewords
An opportunity for the chair person to prompt team members to raise any other concerns
Examples of Potential Problems
Hi Pressure: stagnant lines, instrument tapping blockage, filter blockage.
Undesireable flow, leakages, Hi velocity/erosion, seal/gasket failure, overflows
Utility contamination, reverse rotation
Thermal expansion, location of instrumentation, fire
Hydrates/freezing, flashing liquids, depressurisation
Hydraulic surge, gas breakthrough, tube rupture, thermal expansion
Air ingress, vacuum failure
Vessel overfill, hi static head
Dead legs, cavitation, gas blowby
Contamination, slugging, corrosion products
Localised failure, chocked valves
Sand, wax
Dissimiliar materials, under lagging, stress corrosion
Power, heating/cooling medium, instrument air, HVAC
Human error, sequential operations, ESD
Access, layout, isolation, lifting, vessel entry
HAZOP Study Guidewords
An opportunity for the chair person to prompt team members to raise any other concerns
TABLE 3: HAZID GUIDEWORDS
Guideword
Internal events Mechanical failure
Corrosion
Incorrect operation
Overfilling of cavities
High/low temperature/ pressure
Knock-on effects
Misrouted gas
External Events Vehicle impact
Projectiles
Cranes
Knock-on effects
Dropped items
Natural hazards
Sub-Categories
Catastrophic failure of vessel or pipework
Leakage from (e.g.) valves, flanges, vessels, connections, welds
Internal
External
Valve/compressor operation
Maintenance
Other
Process fluids
Pumps
Compressors
Effect of an event at one item on the facility on another item
Lorry/tanker
Fork lift trucks
Private vehicles
Trains
Farm vehicles
Aircraft
Compressed gases
Fast moving machinery
Explosive materials/ processes
Operational use
Maintenance use
Construction
Event at nearby facility
Event on nearby roads
Offsite gas pipeline release
Field fire in area
Onto plant
Other
Flooding
Wind
Earthquakes
Lightning
Cold weather