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3
Words and expressions that can be used when
discussing a persons character
Positive features Negative features
good, good-natured, bad, ill-natured
good- humored unkind, hard-hearted
kind, kind-hearted reserved,
uncommunicative
communicative, sociable unsociable
friendly hostile, haughty
modest dashing, showy
discreet indiscreet
generous greedy
considerate, attentive inconsiderate
thoughtful tactless
sincere insincere, hypocritical,
enthusiastic false double-faced
calm, quiet, indifferent
composed fussy, unrestrained
self-possessed dishonest
honest cruel
merciful partial
impartial intolerant
patient, forbearing dead at heart to...
sympathetic conceited
respectable self-willed, willful
cordial capricious
broad-minded perverse
witty arrogant
intelligent narrow-minded
dignified insensible
capable inconsistent
benevolent servile
philanthropic presumptuous
consistent bottled-up
easy-going helpless
affectionate quick-tempered
devoted harsh
courageous rough
4
What is he like?
She is a meek and gentle creature.
She is romantic (forgiving, brave.
!e is of a cheerful disposition.
!e is a man of character.
!is morals are rather elastic.
!e is the most ambitious man " have ever met.
What a brute of a man he is#
a la$y-bones, a %osy &arker, a sweet-tooth, a butter-fingers, a cry-
baby, a loud-mouth, a know all, a chatter-bo', a busy-body, a
homebody, a slow coach, a cringe, a fraud, a fop, a mope, a
scapegrace
Exercises
I. What do you call the man
( full of verbal wit? ) who doesn*t keep to his principles? + who
relies too much on his abilities, influence or other things? , who
behaves like a slave? - who is setting too high a value on himself?
. who is self-respecting? / who is doing good to his fellow men?
0 who can*t be relied upon? 1 who is haughty and insolent?
(2 who is obstinately or willfully in the wrong? (( who is avaricious,
hoarding money? () who can*t bear people to have opinions and
views other than his own? (+ who is 3ust to everyone? (, who is
not given to pretence? (- who is an'ious not to hurt other people*s
feelings? (. who likes to poke his nose into other people*s affairs?
(sincere, philanthropic, arrogant, sensible, impartial, witty, perverse,
dignified, inconsistent, considerate, greedy, servile, intolerant,
conceited, presumptuous, a %osy &arker, dishonest
II. As !" more #uestions of the same type.
III. What people do we call
( selfish? ) self-determined? + selfless? , self-willed? - self-
conceited? . self-important? / self-conscious? 0 self-contained?
1 self-centred? 4se each word in an e'ample of your own.
I$. %omplete these phrases by adding the appropriate word
chosen from those at the end of the exercise &ae six
sentences of your own using these phrases.
( as hard as ... ) as bold as ... + as brave as ... , as cool as ...
- as cunning as ... . as obstinate as ... / as good as ... 0 as true
as ... 1 as proud as ... (2 as safe as ... (( as lively as ... () as
5
wise as ... (+ as sweet as ... (, as busy as ... (- as innocent as ...
(. as mad as .... (/ as melancholy as ... (0 as slippery as ...
(an eel, brass, a fo', a cricket, a cat, a mule, gold, nails, a lion, a
cucumber, sugar, steel, a bee, a peacock, an owl, the 5ank of
6ngland, a babe unborn, a 7arch hare
$. 'ay which of these ad(ectives have a positive meaning and
which negative.
famous8 fussy8 cooperative8 pedantic8 sociable8 notorious8 elegant8
learned8 foppish8 stubborn8 scrupulous8 firm8 composed8 modest8
polite8 tactless8 inquisitive8 discreet8 officious8 enthusiastic8
considerate8 servile8 insolent8 ambitious8 impartial.
$I. )ind ad(ectives* synonymous to the compound ad(ectives
below. &ae up your own examples with the words from the list.
double-faced8 tongue-tied8 close-fisted8 down-hearted8 lion-hearted,
swollen-headed8 chicken-hearted8 featherbrained8 soft-hearted8 hard-
boiled8 pig-headed8 open-handed8 long-headed8 light-minded8 cool-
headed8 open-hearted.
$II. 'ay in short what sort of person he +she, is. %hoose one of
the ad(ectives or nouns from the list below.
Model: His gloomy remarks and sad face would spoil the mood of
any company. He was a killjoy.
( 9obinson :rusoe was very clever in finding a way out of all his
difficulties. ) ;ou could rely upon 7aggie. She would never let the
cat out of the bag. + !e was wonderful. Would never grudge you
anything, be it money, books, ideas. , 9ebecca easily won the
hearts of all those who met her. - 7artin never dropped any work
half-way. . <octor :hillip hadn*t a word to throw at a dog. / <obbin
was easy to deal with. 0 =une always had her own way in
everything. 1 7ike was never good at doing anything about the
house. !e was always sure to drop or break something. (2 5art had
always a good 3oke tucked away in his memory. (( !uckleberry >inn
never let a friend down. () :hristine was a very pleasant
companion. (+ 5arkis turned out to be a regular miser. (, ?here
was nothing ?om was afraid of. (- @liver was afraid of everybody
and everything. (. !e always had a ready answer to every remark.
(easy-going, submissive, reliable, 3olly, brave, resourceful, good,
cheerful, a loud-mouth, greedy, apprehensive, shy, persistent,
generous, kind, courageous, open-handed, timid, sad, hardworking,
a butter-fingers, assiduous, obstinate
6
$III. Write down the opposite.
( Ann is a sincere, open-hearted woman, easy-going at that. ) =ack
is a very clever man, all brains to his boots. + She is a very mild,
gentle, considerate creature, benevolent, always merry and cheerful.
, !e is honest and generous. - Bord Sanno' was a humble,
inconspicuous man, modest and weak-willed. . !e is a man of high
principles, very self-determined. / She is greedy and perverse.
0 !e is very proud and dignified. 1 ?he woman is a nuisance,
tactless and fussy. (2 !e seemed to be handy and skillful, a very
energetic fellow.
I-. .escribe some two literary personages who are antipodes.
SuggestionsC
Amelia Sedlev and 9ebecca Sharp.
7rs. :opperfield and 7r. and 7iss 7urdstone.
@negin and Bensky.
-. /ive a detailed description of the appearance and character
of some personage from a well0nown boo or film. .on1t
mention the name. 2et your fellow0students guess who you
mean.
-I. 3ring the photo of a friend or an ac#uaintance of yours. As
one of your fellow0students to describe the character of the
person (udging by his +or her, appearance* and give his
reasons. 4hen say whether the description was correct or
wrong.
-II. &ae up dialogues about a portrait created by a famous
5ussian or foreign painter.
Suggested situations:
;our friend and you are standing before a portrait by Dainsborough
or 9embrandt or Serov and discussing the character of the person
represented in the picture.
;ou come to the !ermitage and see a portrait that impresses you so
much that you address the man who 3ust happens to be standing
near you.
?he situations may be different but the aim is to discuss the
appearance and character of the person shown in the picture.
-III. /ive answers to the so0called 6%entury0old 7uestionnaire6.
?he questionnaire, containing (0 questions was compiled a century
ago and was widely known in Western 6urope. 7any prominent
people amused themselves filling it in. ?he questionnaire might turn
7
out helpful to you too. "t might make you think and look back on your
life, try to see the prospects for the future and to define your attitude
to vitally important questions.
;our replies are not supposed to be given as brief formulas but they
should contain a detailed e'planation of what you have in mind.
Here are the questions.
( ;our favourite virtue (in man, in woman. ) ;our chief
characteristic. + ;our idea of happiness. , ;our idea of misery.
- ?he vice you e'cuse most. . ?he vice you detest most. / ;our
aversion. 0 >avourite poet. 1 >avourite occupation. (2 >avourite
prose writer. (( >avourite hero. () >avourite heroine. (+ >avourite
flower. (, >avourite colour. (- >avourite name. (. >avourite dish.
(/ >avourite ma'im. (0 >avourite motto.
/ames.
(. ?he teacher first writes the names of lots of literary personages on
separate bits of paper. A student comes out and chooses a bit at
random. !e does not read what is written there but shows it to the
group. %ow all the students but he know who he is. So each student
in turn mentions one feature of the personageEs character. >or
e'ample, in the bit of paper they sawC @stap 5ender. %ow one by
one they sayC You are very resourceful, Your morals are rather
elastic and so on. ?he victimEs ob3ect is to guess who he is. "f he
canEt do it when all his friends have spoken, he has the right to make
another attempt and ask (2 general questions about himself. "f he
still canEt guess he loses the game. Another student comes out.
). ?wo students go outside and decide what characters they will be
(for e'ample, 7artin 6den and 9uth, =ane 6yre and 7r. 9ochester,
etc. When they return they hold a conversation always talking in
character, but not mentioning their names. When the names are
guessed two others go out.
+. @ne student mentions the name of a personage from a well-known
film. ?he man sitting ne't to him says something about this
personage, the ne't F adds another sentence to the first trying to
build up a story and to characteri$e the person completely. Anyone
who fails to keep the ball rolling is banished from the game. ?he
game stops when only one participant if left or when the group
decides that the topic is e'hausted.
,. ?wo students go out and are invited to return one by one after the
group has decided what characters they are to represent.
8
. g. !ne is to "e Shakespeare and the other # nrico $aruso %"oth
historical personages and characters from fiction may "e taken&.
6ach one is informed as to what character his interlocutor is. ?hey
start a conversation asking questions and making remarks alluding
to each otherEs personality and way of life. As the conversation
unravels each character guesses who he is. "n case of difficulty the
group may help by suggestive remarks or questions.
-. Dossiping (or opinions.
@ne student goes outside. ?he leader writes down the playersE
opinions about the victimEs character. When the students returns the
leader informs him about his friendsE opinions of his character. !e
does it this wayC G" heard a girl say that you were a la$y-bones,
another girl said that you had once pulled her legH, etc. ?he victim
must react to every sentence e'pressing his agreement, surprise,
indignation, satisfaction.
%'or e(ample. You don)t mean it. *ho could have said such a thing+
,u""ish+ - am nothing of that kind, etc.&
At the end the leader asksC GWho said that you were a la$y-bones?H "f
the victim guesses he has won, if not he pays a forfeit. Bater you can
invent ransoms for forfeits.
'ome more idioms to describe people.
A &atch up the words and definitions. Write your answers in the
boxes below.
( a big shot (( a kill3oy
) a blackleg () a lay about
+ a busybody (+ a litter lout
, a chatterbo' (, a pain in the neck
- a daredevil (- a ringleader
. a figurehead (. a scapegoat
/ a gatecrasher (/ a skinflint
0 a general dogsbody (0 a sponger
1 a 3aywalker (1 an underdog
(2 a 3unkie )2 a whi$ kid
A person who...
a is always borrowing money and living off other people.
b is very la$y and avoids responsibility and work.
c is unfairly blamed or punished for something, because the public
wants to see that someone is punished or blamed.
9
d has a low position in a company and gets all the boring 3obs that
no one else wants to do, e.g. photocopying, making coffee, etc.
e is e'tremely intelligent and successful at their 3ob, even though
heIshe is very young.
f is important and influential.
g is unable to stop taking drugs.
h hates to spend or give money.
i always wants to know about other people*s private lives.
3 crosses the street in a careless or dangerous way, often ignoring
traffic lights.
k turns up at a party without being invited to it.
l drops rubbish everywhere and never puts it in the bin.
m is e'pected to lose in a competition with someone else or a
weaker person who is always treated badly by others.
n can*t stop talking.
o disapproves of things that other people en3oy and who tries to
stop them from en3oying themselves.
p loves taking risks and doing dangerous things.
q carries on working when other workers are on strike.
r leads others to do wrong or make trouble.
s is head or chief but in name only as heIshe has no real power.
t is a really annoying person who most people can*t stand.
( ) + , - . / 0 1 (2 (( () (+ (, (- (. (/ (0 (1 )2
8 .iscuss the following #uestions.
( %ame some big shots in your country. Would you like to be a big
shot? Why? Why not?
) What is your opinion of blacklegs? !ow effective are strikes?
+ !ave you ever known a busybody? ?ell other students about this
person.
, Who is the biggest chatterbo' in your class? "n general, are men or
women the bigger chatterbo'es?
- 5ill Dates, the founder of 7icrosoft, was a computer whi$ kid. <o
you know any other famous whi$ kids?
. !ave you ever been a gatecrasher? "f so, tell the others about it.
What about you? !ave you ever had gatecrashers at a party you
held? Who were they and what happened?
/ "s it against the law to be a 3aywalker in your country?
0 :an you think of any sporting event (football, tennis, bo'ing, etc.
where an underdog has won?
10
1 Which would you least like to be known as - a pain in the neck, a
skinflint or a sponger? Dive reasons.
Additional material on the topic %haracter
Intellectual ability
Ability: intelligent, bright, clever, sharp, shrewd, able, gifted,
talented, brainy (colloquial
Lacking ability: stupid, foolish, half-witted, simple, silly, brainless,
dumb (the last three are predominantly colloquial words
:lever, in a negative way, using brains to trick or deceiveC cunning,
crafty, sly.
Attitudes towards 2if9
Amal is pessimistic while %ita is optimistic - he always e'pects the
worst to happen while she looks on the bright side.
"t is strange that one of the twins is so e'troverted while the other is
so introverted F 5en loves being the focus of attention while 5ill
would far rather be alone with his thoughts.
" feel very tense Jor wound-upIstressed-outKK after a very busy day
at work but, after a hot bath and a nice cup of tea, "*ll soon feel
rela'ed.
=ane is very sensible - she*d never do anything stupid, "n other
words, she*s very practical and down-to-earth.
9upert is very sensitive - he gets very upset (or worked-up, more
colloquial, if he feels people are critici$ing him.
Attitude towards other people
Enjoying others' company: sociable, gregariousK
Disagreeing with others: quarrelsome, argumentative
Taking pleasure in others' pain: cruel, sadistic
Relaxed in attitude to sel and othersC easy-going, even-tempered,
laid-backKK
!ot polite to others: impolite, rude, ill-mannered, discourteousK
Telling the truth to others: honest, trustworthy, reliable, sincere
"nhappy i others ha#e what one does not ha#e onesel: 3ealous,
envious
Some characteristics can be either positive or negative depending on
your point of view.
?he words in the right-hand column mean roughly the same as the
words in the left-hand column e'cept that they have negative rather
than positive connotations.
determined L obstinate stubborn pig-headed
thriftyIeconomical L stingy mean tight-fisted miserlyK
11
self-assuredIconfident L self-important arrogant full of oneselfKK
unconventionalIoriginal L eccentric odd peculiar weirdKK
frankIdirectIopen L blunt abrupt brusque curt
broad-minded L unprincipled permissive
inquiringK L inquisitive nosyKK
generous L e'travagant
innocent L naive
ambitious L pushyKK
assertive L aggressive bossyKK
K?hese words are much more common in written than in spoken
6nglish.
KK?hese words are much mote common in spoken than in written
6nglish.
Exercises
!. &atch these words with their opposites.
( clever introverted
) e'troverted tight-fisted
+ rude courteous
, cruel gregarious
- generous kind-hearted
. unsociable half-witted
;. .o you thin that the speaer lies or dislies the people in
these sentences<
( <i*s very thrifty. - <ick*s quite bossy.
) 7olly*s usually frank. . " find <ave self-important.
+ Bi$ is quite broad-minded. / <on*t you think =im*s nosy?
, Sam can be aggressive. 0 =ill is very original.
=. 5eword the sentences in exercise ; to give the opposite
impression +negative rather than positive or vice versa,.
./M01: 2)s is very stingy.
>. &aga?ines often publish #uestionnaires which are supposed
to analy?e aspects of your character. 2oo at the words below
and then match them to the corresponding #uestion.
./M01: -f you arrange to meet at 3 p.m., do you arrive at 3 p.m.4
$ reliable
argumentative
sensitive
sociable
e'travagant
12
assertive
inquisitive
(. <o you prefer to be in the company of other people?
). <o you find it easy to tell your boss if you feel he or she has
treated you badly?
+. <o you always look out of the. window if you hear a car draw up?
,. <o you often buy your friends presents for no particular reason?
-. <o you frequently disagree with what other people say?
.. <o you lie awake at night if someone has said something unkind
to you?
@. What #uestions lie those in exercise > could you as to find
out if a person is the following:
( thrifty + sensible - even-tempered / obstinate
) blunt , intelligent . original 0 stressed-out
A. %an you complete each of these word fors<
(. self-............. ) .............-tempered + .............-minded
Write a sentence to illustrate the meanings of each of your words.
B. %hoose five or six ad(ectives from the opposite page which
you thin best describe either your own or a friend1s character.
Cow do you or your friend demonstrate these characteristics<
./M01: Socia"le # - am socia"le "ecause - love "eing with other
people.
&ae up a list of the most essential features of a good teacher
and ran them according to their importance. Interview your
group mates and (unior students of your faculty. .iscuss the
results in class.
*hat makes a good teacher4
Your 5roup 6unior
,anking ,anking Students)
,anking
7. thorough knowledge of the MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM
sub3ect
). love for teaching MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM
+. MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM
,. MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM
-. 88888888 88888888 88888888
.. 88888888 88888888 88888888
/. 88888888 88888888 88888888
0. 88888888 88888888 88888888
1. 88888888 88888888 88888888
13
(2. 88888888 888888888
888888888
We all have stereotypes about different things* places* ideas
and people.
What is the stereotype for 6nglish man or woman?
What do you think is the stereotype for your nationality?
<o you believe in stereotypes?
Which words in the box do you thin go with the nationalities
below<
N hard-working N easy-going N punctual N friendly
N reserved N emotional N outgoing N hospitable
N sociable N formal N casual N enthusiastic
N quiet N tolerant N talkative N sophisticated
N well
-
dressed N fun-loving N respectful 9 athletic
N humorous serious N nationalistic N romantic
American /erman 5ussian
)rench 3ritish Italian
3ody language
(. 5ody language is much more influential than most people
recogni$e. ?he main reason it is so important is because it is more
truthful than the official elements of our social encounters. We lie
much more easily with our spoken words than with our e'pressions,
our gesticulations and our body postures. We can control our
14
utterances down to the last syllable, but what are our fingers doing
as we speak? !ow are our feet shifting as we talk? We may be able
to control and manipulate some of our gestures but not all of them.
?here are too many and we are too preoccupied with what we are
saying to be able to concentrate on all the finer points of our bodily
actions.
). Some individuals - such as great actors and devious politicians -
do become e'tremely adept at lying with their bodies. ?hey often fool
us, and we believe them. ?hey manage to avoid what has been
called *non-verbal leakage* -something that most of us do every day.
<espite our attempts to suppress tell-tale signs, we give the game
away by leaking little bits of information as we speak. We do this in
several ways.
+. When we are telling lies we gesticulate less. ?his is because,
unconsciously, we sense that if we use our hands their actions may
not fit with our words. @ur hands may be clenching tight, for
e'ample, when we are cooing soft words of love. @r they may flutter
limply while our words insist that we are taking a firm stand. So we
intuitively reduce our hand movements. 5ut this in itself then
becomes a clue that deception is taking place. "t may not be easy to
spot but to a trained eye it is clear enough.
,. Although the liar is less likely to wave his hands about in the air, he
is more likely to use them in other ways. When deception is taking
place he feels a strange compulsion to touch his face. 6very so often
one or both hands move up towards his mouth, as if trying to mask
the lie that is issuing from his lips. @nce there, another fleeting
sensation takes over - the feeling that covering the mouth is too
obvious. So the hand moves on and rubs the cheek, strokes the
nose, scratches the eyebrow or touches the forehead. ?his attempt
to cover up the cover-up usually works well. ?he companion
imagines that the speaker*s nose must be itching and ignores the
trivial action, while continuing to listen to the honeyed words. " am
sometimes challenged on this point by people who say, *5ut
supposing the nose really is itching?* ?he answer is to study the
scratching. Someone who has been stung by an insect will scratch in
a more intense, specific way than the liar whose hand-to-face actions
are almost casual by comparison.
-. Another hand posture that increases when deception is taking
place is the hand shrug. ?he hands are held in front of the body,
15
palm up and with the fingers slightly curled. ?he degree of curling
increases little by little from the first finger to the fourth. Some
observers have been pu$$led as to why this particular action should
increase when someone is lying. ?he answer is to be found in the
message that is transmitted during ordinary shrugging. ?he full
shrug, with shoulders raised, mouth comers pulled down, head tilted,
eyes turned up and hands held out, is used as a disclaimerC *" don*t
know*, *" can*t help*, *" don*t understand*. "t is always a negative
message, in which the gesturer essentially is saying, *?his has
nothing to do with me.* When people start to lie, they unconsciously
want to distance themselves from what they are doing and their small
hand shrug is the tell-tale clue.
.. Another form of non-verbal leakage is the body shift. When we are
telling the truth we may wave our hands about, we may even lean
forward, or leap up, but we do not squirm. ?he bad liar does squirm a
little, his body showing a strong urge to escape, while held firmly in
place by the need to bra$en out the lie. ?he good liar manages to
suppress most of this body shifting but not all. ?here are nearly
always a few tiny body movements left that he finds it impossible to
eliminate. ?hey may be no more than a slight shift of weight or
pressure but they can be spotted if the listener is alert to them.
/. All these tell-tale signs can be observed not only in people who
are in the process of telling lies but also when they are momentarily
silent. ?hen, the gestures must be interpreted in a slightly different
way. "f, for e'ample, somebody is asked a difficult question - one that
he does not wish to answer - he may touch his nose or shift the
weight of his body before he replies. What is happening is that, while
he is thinking about the question and how to answer it, he appears
calm but his brain is seething. ?hat is the deceptionC outward calm,
inward panic. When he finally does reply he may be lying or he may
in fact be telling the truth.
0. So caution must be used when interpreting these small *leaks* in
our body language. ?hey certainly indicate that something is going
on inside the brain of the companion that is not being shown to the
outside world but whether this amounts to a downright lie or a
moment of soul-searching followed by a difficult truth will vary from
case to case. <espite this weakness, however, non-verbal leakage
does provide valuable clues about how simple and straightforward a
companion is being in any particular encounter, or how comple' and
devious he is.
16
Exercises to the text 3ody 2anguage
! .iscuss the following #uestions in pairs.
N <o you always tell the truth?
N !ow do you feel if you tell a lie? :an you lie well?
N What kind of e'pressions, gestures or body postures might
reveal that someone is lying?
; 5ead paragraphs !0; of the article and answer the #uestions.
a Which shows what we really feel - a person*s words or their body
language?
b :an people control their body language when they are speaking?
c What kind of people does the article suggest can become very
good at lying with body language?
d What does the term *non-verbal leakage* mean?
= 5ead the rest of the article +paragraphs =0D, and answer the
#uestions.
a What four things do people do when they are lying?
b What are the reasons that lie behind each of these actions?
c <oes the writer imply that it is easy to tell when a person is lying?
d "f you see someone scratching their face, how do you know if they
have a genuine reason for doing so?
e What message do people convey when they *shrug their
shoulders*?
f !ow should your interpretation of body language change if
someone is temporarily not talking?
> 5ead the article again and find words and phrases in the
article which mean the following:
a movements with the hands or arms (paragraph (8
b highly skilled (paragraph )8
c hide something, especially an emotion (paragraph )8
d saying something intimate in a quiet way (paragraph +8
e move in a quick, irregular way (paragraph +8
f a strong feeling that is difficult to resist (paragraph ,8
g passing quickly8 not lasting long (paragraph ,8
h prevent something from being noticed (paragraph ,8
i an action showing you do not know something or do not
understand (paragraph -8
3 confused8 not able to understand (paragraph -8
k twist the body due to feeling of shame, discomfort or nervousness
(paragraph .8
17
( in a state of e'treme anger or unrest (paragraph /8
@. .o you now any more words and phrases connected
with 1truth and lies1< %ategori?e them as follows:
nouns verbs ad3ectives
deception deceive deceitful
A. .iscuss the following #uestions.
N <o you agree with the points made in the article?
N <o you think they apply to people all over the world, regardless of
culture or race?
N <o you have any personal e'perience of interpreting body
language?
4he Power of %olour.
:olour therapy works on the premise that each colour has its
own energy and that we absorb this through our light-sensitive cells.
?he aim is to create a balance and a free-low of this energy.
@bviously, no two people respond to colour in the same way, so this
is a highly sub3ective practice, but there are some general rules. ?he
most calming colours are the cool ones - blues, greens and violets -
so the theory is that if we are aiming for peace and tranquility, we
should avoid red walls (far too energi$ing for a stressed-out soul and
stick to the more gentle side of the spectrum.
*Oiolet,* e'plains colour therapist :atherine :umming, *is a
tranquil colour that promotes inspiration and contemplation. Dreen is
a balancing colour, neither hot nor cold, and is particularly effective in
the city, where there are few green fields, but blue is the most
calming of all. 5eing in a blue environment makes you breathe out
and really slows you down. "t is a perfect colour for bedrooms and
promotes good, co$y dreams.*
18
So if we want to create that Pen-like haven, should we paint our
house in blocks of blue, green and violet? %o. *?oo much of a single
colour,* e'plains :umming, *can in fact have a negative effect. ?oo
much deep blue, for e'ample, can slow us down so much that it
makes us melancholy Qso that*s where the term Rthe blues* comes
fromS, so all colours must be balanced by their complementary
colour.* ?his means that a violet room must contain some
intellectually stimulating yellow, while a blue room needs a splash
(3ust a splash, mind - too much will lead to confusion rather than
calm of orange, the colour of 3oy and physical activity.
"nterior designer ?ricia Duild agrees that a home should be
primarily decorated in colours from the cool end of the spectrum, but
she still has room for punches of hot shades, such as red and
magenta.
?he secret of making these bold colours work as part of a
calming colour scheme, argues Duild, is white, *the classic colour of
simplicity*, which not only functions as a cool colour in its own right
but also, she says, *gives other colours room to breathe, to stop
competing, to be themselves*.
:olour therapy is increasingly used to improve office working
conditions, too, according to ?heo Dimbel, president of the
"nternational Association for :olour ?herapy. T?here is no doubt that
colours are very powerful and can reduce or raise stress levels,* he
says. *5right reds and oranges raise blood pressure and make
people work faster, but increased output will inevitably be outweighed
by e'haustion and errors, as employers have discovered to their cost
in the past.* According to Dimbel, the effects of colour have been
proved scientifically. !e recommends an office colour scheme that is
mainly blue to promote calm, with pastel oranges to encourage
creative productivity.
Well, what are you waiting for? &ainting walls is, after all, a
rela'ing activity#
Exercises to the text.
!. )ill in the table after reading the text.
%olour Effect
blue calming
green
violet
depressing
19
energi$ing
yellow
simplifying
;. Wor out the interior design of an imaginary flat: thin about
the colour of the walls* furniture* etc.
Ese words and expressions to describe feelings and emotions
of the people in the picture.
(. ama:ed; affected with surprise or great wonder
). an(ious;worried about some uncertain event or matter
+. astonished;filled with sudden wonder or ama$ement
,. "ored;tired with repetition or dullness
-. cautiousUavoiding danger or harm8 careful
.. chagrinedUembarrassed or humiliated, caused by failure or
disappointment
/. cheerful;being in good spirits8 happy
0. cheery;in good spirits8 pleasant
1. cunning;shrewd8 crafty8 clever8 sly
(2. deceitfulUgiven to cheating or deceiving8 misleading
((. deviousUdeparting from the correct or proper way8 acting in an
underhanded manner
(). disgruntled;discontented8 disagreeable
(+. ecstaticUin a state of delight
(,. engrossed;with one*s attention completely occupied8 wholly
absorbed
(-. harriedUdisturbed8 annoyed
(.. heartyUe'pressed with warmth of feeling8 e'uberant and
unrestrained
(/. impassioned;filled with passion8 ardent
(0. impassiveUrevealing vc emotion8 without e'pression
(1. nonchalantUappearing unconcerned8 indifferent8 cool
)2. noncommittal;revealing no preference or purpose
)(. nonplussed; perple'ed8 baffled
)). overwhelmedUovercome emotionally8 upset
)+. pained;showing distress or suffering
),. pensiveUdeep in thought
)-. perple(ed;not certain about the solution of a problem
).. pleasedUsatisfied8 gratified8 agreeable
)/. pu::led;uncertain as to the solution of a problem
)0. restrained;controlled8 checked8 limited8 restricted
)1. satisfied; relieved of doubt8 assured
+2. sno""ishUpretentious8 arrogant8 condescending toward inferiors
20
+(. sorrowful;sad8 mournful
+). supercilious;proud8 scornful8 haughty
++. tearful;filled with or causing tears
+,. wondering;doubtful8 having questions
4ranslation ! on the topic %haracter
21
(. VWX WYZY[\]^X _ ^WYW]` a[bc]d e`aYf ] WXghijgXYZ kgl]
gicehaj.
). VW iXglYgXe [Y\bZXm]` k_[hc], ZX_ _X_ lW gkYcaX nXeYe kgl]
gYo].
+. pYglq_X \[Yi][XeX kglYcl bq]ZYeh iX gl[qe]gjf ]
kbYZe]gjf dX[X_ZY[.
,. rcl dgXehZ iX \[]eYnXW]Y ] als[lklgYkZWlkZt.
-. uX^ WY keYabYZ sjZt WY[hdlf. vYelgY_X kbahZ \l laYnaY,
_lZl[b` lW Wlk]Z.
.. rf W[Xg]Zkh gjkZXgehZt kYsh WX\l_Xi. rY ^XWY[j ] [Yq]
\l_XiWjY \[] e`ahd.
/. wlgl[hZ, qZl XWce]qXWY kaY[nXWWjY, x[XWmbij
eYc_l^jkeYWWjY, WY^mj X__b[XZWjY ] \bW_ZbXetWjY.
0. yXk_let_l h \lW]^X`, bq]ZYet alenYW sjZt kZ[lc]^ ] aXnY
kb[lgj^, Xskle`ZWl sYk\[]kZ[XkZWj^ g lmYW_Y, Xskle`ZWl
WY al\bk_XZt xX^]eth[WlkZ].
1. VWX sjeX ]igYkZWX _X_ seXcl[laWXh ] b^WXh aYgbz_X, dlZh ]
WY^Wlcl kglYgletWXh.
(2. { WYcl [Y\bZXm]h ls^XWo]_X ] ^lzYWW]_X, ] h ab^X`, qZl lW
alkZl]W |Zlf [Y\bZXm]].
((. rcl nYWX sjeX ^hc_lcl W[XgX, bW]nXY^Xh ^bnY^ c[bs]hWl^.
(). }Xetq]_ WY[Xisl[q]g g gjsl[Y a[biYf. ~ WY ^lcb ZY[\YZt
Ycl a[bcX, lW ZX_lf c[bsjf ] WXa^YWWjf.
(+. VW qYelgY_ a[bnYe`sWlcl ] als[labzWlcl dX[X_ZY[X. W]^
\[]hZWl lsoXZtkh aXnY kX^j^ iX^_WbZj^ e`ah^.
4ranslation ;
(. WXh l [XkZlq]ZYetWlkZ] ] eYc_l^jke]] kglYcl kjWX, c[Xx
kaYeXe Ya]WkZgYWWlf WXkeYaW]mYf kgl` alqt.
). VW ls^XWjgXYZ e`aYf. yl iX Ycl e]mY^Y[Wj^] [YqX^]
WYkelnWl bg]aYZt agbe]qWb` ] ^YelqWb` WXZb[b.
+. ~ bsYa]e Ycl WY bdbazXZt k]ZbXm]`, Wl lW lqYWt b\[h^jf ]
gkYcaX aYeXYZ gkY \l-kglY^b.
,. @W \[l]igla]Z g\YqXZeYW]Y bkZb\q]glcl qYelgY_X, ] Yke] gj
\l\jZXYZYkt, lW gj\leW]Z gXzb \[lktsb sYi gli[XnYW]f.
-. u lZe]q]Y lZ kglYf gk\jetq]glf ] WYkaY[nXWWlf nYWj, lW
kaY[nXWWjf, k\l_lfWjf ] kls[XWWjf qYelgY_.
.. ~ YoY WY gkZ[YqXe sleYY sYkklgYkZWlcl ] WYkaY[nXWWlcl
qYelgY_X, qY^ lW.
/. VWX klqbgkZgbYZ e`ah^ ] lqYWt kY[aYqWX.
22
0. rcl kX^llmYW_X ke]z_l^ W]i_Xh, lW gYaYZ kYsh ke]z_l^
k_[l^Wl. yl, clgl[hZ, g Z]dl^ l^bZY qY[Z] glahZkh.
1. Y[Yc]kt YY, lWX g^Yz]gXYZkh g n]iWt a[bc]d e`aYf, lWX
e`sl\jZWXh uX[gX[X.
(2. yY sbat ZX_]^ WX]gWj^ ] algY[q]gj^.
((. lZh lW ]WlcaX sjgXYZ kZ[XWWjf, Wl g abzY lW dl[lz]f
^Xetq]_.
(). ~ WY e`se`, _lcaX WX ^YWh aXghZ.
(+. ~ glkd]oYW, _X_ WXdlaq]gl gj lZgeY_e] gW]^XW]Y gXzYcl
bq]ZYeh.
5ecommended topics for self0assessment on the
topic %haracter
( !ow does work influence and develop one*s character?
) "magine you are staying on an uninhabited island with another
person. What traits of character would you like herIhim to possess?
+ Are men and women different emotionally? !ow?
, 6'press your opinion on the suggested statementsC
a &atience is a virtue8
b Slow and steady wins the work8
c ?he face is the inde' of the mind8
d "t is unhealthy never to show any emotions.
- Should people fight adverse circumstances and obstacles or
should they yield to them?
. What are the essential factors that help to mould a person*s
character?
/ What are the ways and means by which a person*s character is
revealed and estimated?
0 What kind of people are often lonely?
1 What are some important qualities of a good supervisor (boss?
4se specific details and e'amples to e'plain why these qualities are
important.
(2 <o you agree or disagree with the following statement? ?here is
nothing that young people can teach older people. 4se specific
reasons and e'amples to support your position.
23
5eferences
(. lWlWqb_ . . ^lZ[], kebzXf, bq]kt. - .C [lkgYoYW]Y,
(1/(
). :unningham S., 7oor &. :utting 6dge F Advanced. 9esource
5ank. F &earson 6ducation Bimited, )22-
+. %ewbold <., 5a'ter S. Banguage to go F 4pper "ntermediate
?eacherEs 9esource 5ook. F &earson 6ducation Bimited, )22)
,. !oward-Williams <., ?omalin 7. "nstant Bessons F Advanced. -
&earson 6ducation Bimited, )22+
24