EXPERIMENT 1

BACTERIA (HETEROTROPHIC EUBACTERIA) : ARE BACTERIA PRESENT IN THE LAB?

OBJECTIVES
I. Define coccus bacillus,spirilllum, Gram stain;
II. Describe and explain characteristics of eubacteria;
III. Identify and classify the organisms studied in this exercise;
IV. Distinguish Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative bacteria, indicating their susceptibility to
certain antibodies.

INTRODUCTION
The Eubacteria and protistans are among the simplest of living organisms. Both kingdoms have
unicellular organisms within them, but thats where the similarity ends.
The members of the kingdoms Eubacteria are prokaryotic organisms, meaning that their DNA is free
in the cytoplasm, unbounded by a membrane. They lack organelles (cytoplasmic structures
surrounded by membranes). By contrast, the kingdom Protista consist of eukaryotic organisms : the
genetic material contained within the nucleus and many of their cellular components are
compartmentalized into membrane-bound organelles.
Kingdom Eubacteria
Eubacteria are such organisms as bacteria and cyanobacteria. Most bacteria are hetetrophic,
dependent upon an outside source for nutrition, while cyanobacteria are autotrophic, able to
produce their own carbohydrates.

MATERIALS
dH
2
o in dropping bottle, 4 nutrient agar culture plates, sterile cotton swab, china marker, 2 bottles
labelled A and B (A contains tap water, B contains 70% ethyl alcohol), transparent adhesive tape,
paper towels






PROCEDURE
1. Four petri dishes containing sterile nutrient agar are obtained. Using a china marker, one
dish is labelled as DISH 1 : CONTROL, DISH 2 : DRY SWAB, DISH 3 : TREATMENT A and
DISH 4 : TREATMENT B and the group member names are also included.
2. A sterile cotton swab is ran often over a surface within the lab bench and lab floor.
3. The lid on DISH 2 is lifted as little as is necessary to run the swab over the surface of the
agar.
4. The lid is taped securely to the bottom half of the dish.
5. One paper towel is soaked with Liquid A and the second paper towel with Liquid B. The
paper towel that contain Liquid A and Liquid B are wiped down one-half of the surface that
will be examined.
6. Then, two cotton swab are ran at the two places that had been wiped down by Liquid A and
Liquid B.
7. The first cotton swab that contained Liquid A treatment is swab on the surface of DISH 3,
and the second cotton swab that contained Liquid B treatment on the DISH 4.
8. All the dish plates are placed in the incubator oven for 4 days.
9. The results are recorded.
















OBSERVATIONS

DISH 1 : CONTROL

DISH 2 : DRY SWAB

DISH 3 : TREATMENT A
(TAP WATER)

DISH 4 : TREATMENT B
(70% ETHYL ALCOHOL)