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MINOR 3 (2012)
(EEL375) EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Time: 1 Hours 20 minutes Max. Marks: 20
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NAME: Entry No.
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N. B.: Do the calculations on continuation sheet provided. This is open book/notes examination,
but transfer of notes to each other is strictly prohibited. I T I NCLUDES BONUS QUESTI ON AS WELL.

Q1:- A piezo-electric sensor is attached to steam turbine, which has constant pressure as well as a
cyclic (fluctuating) pressure. The circuit diagram for processing the output of the pressure sensor
prior to digitization is given in Figure below. The above sensor which is attached to this circuit has a
sensitivity of approximately 1 mV per mili-bar and can tolerate up to maximum 30 mili-bars. The
outputs V
b
and V
f
are the constant pressure signal and the fluctuating signal respectively. (4)



Given: R
1
= 10 K. Ohm, R
3
= 50 K. Ohm. R
5
= 10 K. Ohm, C
6
= 47 Nano-Farad and noise is 50 Hz and higher.

(a) Both the second stage outputs are digitized and to minimized the cost of manufacture they will both be
digitized by the same device (A/D converter) which has a 06 V input range. Given that the observed
fluctuations are up to 3 milli-bars (at the input). What overall gains should the two branches (V
b
and V
f

branches) of the circuit have?
CALCULATION AND ANSWER:











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(b) The first stage should have a gain of 25. What value should R
2
be set to?
CALCULATION AND ANSWER:








(c) What is the purpose of C4? What value should it and R
4
therefore be set to given the decisions made so
far?
CALCULATION AND ANSWER:








(d) The second stage for V
f
is configured as a passband with an upper cut off of X Hz. What purpose does
the capacitor C
5
serve? What value should R
6
be set to (If C
5
= 100 micro farad)? Give 2
nd
stage gain for
branch V
f
. What is lower and upper cut off frequencies of this branch?
CALCULATION AND ANSWER:













Q2:- In an intensive care unit (BP) blood pressure (Diastolic, in mm Hg) and (T) body temperature
(In degrees Fahrenheit) are monitored continuously to control the (F) flow rate (In liters per hour) of
medicines mixed in saline.

Triangular membership for each fuzzy set is assumed for composition:

BP
LOW
(60, 80, 100)
BP
MEDIUM
(80, 100, 120)
BP
HIGH
(100, 120, 140)

[Hint: BP
HIGH
implies that for crisp value of BP the grade of membership is 0 at 100 and 140
whereas it is 1 at 120 and the shape is triangular.]
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For temperature:
T
LOW
(95, 97, 99)
T
MEDIUM
(97, 99, 101)
T
HIGH
(99, 101, 103)
For flow rate:
F
LOW
(0.9, 1.1, 1.3)
F
MEDIUM
(1.1, 1.3, 1.5)
F
HIGH
(1.3, 1.5, 1.7)

If the two fuzzy rules are as:

(a) If ( BP is BP
LOW
) OR ( T is T
MEDUM
) then (F is F
LOW
)
(b) If ( BP is BP
MEDIUM
) OR ( T is T
MEDIUM
) then (F is F
MEDIUM
)
(c) If ( BP is BP
MEDIUM
) AND ( T is T
HIGH
) then (F is F
HIGH
)

If the temperature is 99.5
0
F and BP = 85 mm Hg, Find the approximate crisp value of F
using any two methods. Discuss the results and selection of method. (3)

CALCULATION AND ANSWER:




























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Q3:- Using operational amplifiers and AD590 design a Celsius cum Fahrenheit thermometer
having two outputs OP
1
and OP
2
with the given guidelines. (4)
(1) To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit: multiply by 1.8 and add 32.
F = 1.8 C + 32 AND K = C + 273.
(2) AD590 gives a change of one micro ampere per degree Kelvin.
(3) Resistances available in laboratory are all standard values between 10 K. Ohm and 1 M.
Ohm.
(4) The circuit should give 2.12 volts for boiling water temperature at OP
1
and 1.00 volt at
OP
2
. At freezing temperature (water) it should be respectively 0.32 volts and 0.00 volts
at OP
1
and OP
2
.
(5) Mention gain of each stage and highlight add/subtract voltages as well.
(6) Draw the circuit neatly below. Use 1 K. Ohm resistor in series with AD590 to get
voltage.
Answer:

















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Q4: - Consider the fuzzy cruise control problem in a car where the car speed is to be kept at a
desired value. The inputs are Speed and Accel (short for acceleration or rate of speed change), and
the output (control action) is amount of Fuel. Assume that higher fuel increases the car speed. The
shape of membership functions for Speed, Acceleration and Fuel are the same as given below, but
they have different values of a, b, c, d, e. The fuzzy sets are LO (low), MD (medium) and HI (high).
For Speed, (a, b, c, d, e) = (15, 30, 45, 60, 75), for Accel, (a, b, c, d, e) = (-4, -2, 0, 2, 4), and for
Fuel, (a, b, c, d, e) = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50). (5)



Suppose we have the following 4 rules:
1. If Speed is LO and Accel is MD then Fuel is HI
2. If Seed is LO and Accel is HI then Fuel is MD
3. If Speed is MD and Accel is MD then Fuel is MD
4. If Speed is MD and Accel is HI then Fuel is LO

(a): Write a reasonable rule for the case where Speed is HI and Accel is LO.
(b): Write a reasonable rule for the case where Speed is HI and Accel is MD.
(c): Suppose the rule base consists of six rules (4 given plus the two you wrote for (a) and (b)
above). Suppose also that the current speed is 30, and the current acceleration is 3.
(C
1
) What rule is (are) fired, and what is the truth value(s) of the antecedents of the fired rule(s)?
(C
2
) Very carefully and neatly draw the total aggregate plot for the fuel, clearly show all the
important membership values on the plot. Do not perform the defuzzification.

Answer:-














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Q5:- For the circuit given in figure (3) below answer the questions. (4)



Here 3M3 implies 3.3 M. Ohm and similarly others.

(a) - What is the D.C. gain of the input stages (excluding the rightmost op-amp stage)?
Answer:




(b) - If C
1
= 2 microfarad what is the lower cutoff frequency of this circuit?
Answer:




(c) - If C
2
= 0.0047 microfarad what is the upper cutoff frequency of this circuit?
Answer:




(d) - What is the overall gain of the circuit at the midband frequency?
Answer: