The Path to 4G: LTE

and LTE-Advanced
James Seymour James Seymour
Senior Director
Alcatel-Lucent
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Applications & Devices Driving Bandwidth
Feature Phones Smartphones Tablet Computers
One
Data Friendly
F Ph
Feature Phones Smartphones Tablet Computers
One
megabyte
= one
digital
book, 45
seconds of
Voice Calls:
4-11 MB/Hr
Web Browsing:
Voice Calls:
4 -11 MB/Hr
Web Browsing:
Voice Calls:
4-11MB/Hr
Web Browsing:
Web Browsing:
350MB
Net Radio:
Feature Phones
seconds of
music, 20
seconds of
medium
quality
video
Web Browsing:
20 MB
Email: 20 MB
Web Browsing:
30 MB
Email: 50 MB
Web Browsing:
100 MB
Net Radio:
70 MB
YouTube Videos:
Net Radio:
140 MB
YouTube Videos:
150 MB
Email: 100 MB
video
50 MB
Email: 50 MB
80 MB
185 MB
800 MB
*high-end
netbooks or
laptops model
about 30% higher
h
l
y

T
o
t
a
l
*
* Estimated Source: BusinessWeek (February 2010), Data: Internal Alcatel-Lucent Research
800 MB
1,900 MB (1.9GB)
about 30% g e
M
o
n
t
h
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Smartphone User Profile for 4G
3,000
MBps/month/user
2,000
2,500
Gaming
Web Browsing
Audio Streaming
Downloads
1,000
1,500
All Video
500
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Cloud (non-Video)
P2P
SMS/MMS/IM/Voice
0
High Growth in Web, Streaming, Interactive Video Apps
D t U LTE j t d t f 700MB t 2 5GB
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
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Data Usage per LTE user proj ected to grow from 700MB to 2.5GB
Meeting the Fast Growing Wireless Data Capacity
and User Experience Demands
Broadband Capacity
4G/LTE/
LTE-Advanced
E2E IP Service /
Policy Management
HetNet
Small
Cells
2G
3G+
Network Topology
Evolution
SON
WiFi
Leverage LTE
Spectral Efficiency
and New Spectrum
Cost-Efficiency / QoE
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and New Spectrum
Cost Efficiency / QoE
Achieving the End-to-End Solution
Subscriber Apps
and Services
PCRF
MME
HSS
Device
Partnerships
Flexible LTE
Radio Access
Field proven
Aggregation and Core Network
Application
Prototyping & Service
IMS,
Mobile TV, etc.
eNodeB
PCRF
SGW
PGW
Partnerships
Options
gg g
Transport
yp g
Delivery Platforms
LTE Baseband Unit
Service
SGW & PGW
Service
Router
Aggregation
Router MME
Plug-in Remote head
Microwave
PCRF HSS
l l i i h i l b i d l
Small Cells /
Specific
Deployments
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Alcatel-Lucent is paving the way to new wireless business models.
Carrier Aggregation (CA) for LTE-Advanced
Carrier Aggregation combines multiple LTE carriers
Intra band example: 40 MHz Intra-band example: 40 MHz
Carrier Aggregation
combinations defined as non-
release specific.
20 MHz 20 MHz
Inter-band example: 40 MHz
20 MHz 20 MHz
Inter band example: 40 MHz
Freq
CA Critical for meeting ITU IMT-Advanced Peak Rate Requirement (1 Gbps)
Freq
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6 | August 2010
MIMO Enhancements for LTE-Advanced
Decision Tree
SM = Spatial Multiplexing
RI = Rank Indication
CQI = Channel Quality Indication
PMI = Pre-coding Matrix Indication
RS = Reference Symbol
SIMO
Rel-10 (LTE-Advanced)
adds 8x8 DL and 4x4 UL
Single
A
Diversity Array
2x2, 4x2 or 4x4
Linear Array
1x2 or 1x4
4x2, 4x4
SIMO
MIMO
Antenna
MU-MIMO
P t 0
Port 5
Dedicated RS
Dual Layer (Rel-9)
Open Loop
RI, CQI, no PMI
Closed Loop
RI, CQI, PMI
Port 0
Common RS
Single Stream
Rank 1
Multi-Stream
Rank 2-4
Transmit
Di it
Open Loop SM
Single Stream
Rank 1
Multi-Stream
Rank 2-4
Closed Loop
R k 1
Closed Loop
Rel-10 (LTE-Advanced)
improves codebook/feedback
for MU-MIMO
Diversity Rank=1
Precoding
SM
LTE-Advanced builds off the wide range of Rel-8/Rel-9 MIMO capabilities to
i k d l ffi i
for MU MIMO
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improve peak rates and spectral efficiency
MU-MIMO Enhancement for LTE-Advanced
MU-MIMO enhancements provide up to 50% spectral efficiency gain
Dynamic switching between SU- and MU-MIMO supported y g pp
Up to 2 layers per UE in MU-MIMO
Enhanced CSI feedback structure and codebook design
CSI
feedback
Enhanced
MU MIMO MU-MIMO
MU-MIMO Enhancements critical for meeting IMT-Advanced
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MU MIMO Enhancements critical for meeting IMT Advanced
DL spectral efficiency requirements
Co-ordinated Multi-Point (CoMP)
Multiple Approaches p pp
Interference Avoidance Network MIMO
Potential 2x spectral efficiency gain , but complex
Advanced forms of CoMP only provide ~2X spectral efficiency increase
still need more cells to meet faster growing wireless data capacity demands
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Where Small Cells Provide Gains
500x
200x
75x i
c

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
Metro Cell 75x
20x
n
s
i
t
y

o
r

t
r
a
f
f
i
I d H
Metro Cell
5x
1
Add Carrier on
Macro
D
e
n
Indoor Home
& Enterprise
Source: Bell Labs Modeling analysis
Hotspot Size (Area in Square Meter)
100,000 25,000 10,000 5,000 1,000 250
H E t i d M t C ll li t th M N t k
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Home, Enterprise and Metro Cells compliment the Macro Network
Interference Management with Small Cells
Interference
Frequency Selective Scheduling (FSS), Power Control (PC) and Inter-Cell Interference
Coordination (ICIC) enables same carrier HetNet deployments for LTE
Macro eNB
Pico Cell
Interference
Control
Data
LTE Rel-8 capabilities such can manage LTE HetNet interference.
PDCCH
High power High power
PDCCH
-
less
CC2 CC1
LTE-Advanced features such as Carrier Aggregation (CA) and Enhanced ICIC
(eICIC) will further improve same carrier HetNet performance for LTE
Macro eNB
UE on carrier 2 with
control on carrier 1
UE on carrier 2 with
control on carrier 2
UE on carrier 1 with
UE on carrier 1 with
control on carrier 1
PDCCH
Macro cell
Small cell
PDCCH
CA Avoids control
channel interference
PDCCH-less
PDCCH less
LTE-Advanced techniques further help to manage control channel Interference.
control on carrier 2
UE on carrier 1 with
control on carrier 2
Small cell
Low power Low power
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LTE Small Cells/HetNets Performance
1
3GPP Case I with Configuration 4a
Case1 3D - PL model 1 - PS4a - 30dBm pi co TX power
5000
O lll
Source: Bell Labs Research
No Biasing
0.6
0.8
F
3000
3500
4000
4500
g
h
p
u
t

[
M
b
p
s
]
Overalll
Macro only
Pico only
0.4
C
.
D
.
F
No Hotzone
10 Hotzone with 0dB Bias
1000
1500
2000
2500
A
g
g
r
e
g
a
t
e
d

t
h
r
o
u
g
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
0
0.2

10 Hotzone with 3dB Bias
10 Hotzone with 6dB Bias
10 Hotzone with 9dB Bias
0
500
0 1 2 4 10
Number of pi co cel l s per macro cel l
Normlized User Throughput (bps/Hz)
Key Assumptions: Macro: Outdoor RRH based on 3GPP Case1 (ISD = 500m, 2 GHz, 46 dBm),
Small Cell: 30 dBm, 4a dropping criteria 60 UEs and constant number of small cells per macro; 2 UEs in
40m radius around each small cell; small cells and remaining UEs uniformly distributed,
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LTE Small Cell/HetNets provide significant capacity improvement critical for
addressing the fast growing wireless data demands
Relays
Type I (in band)
C1 time 1
C1 time 2
C1 C2
Time division multiplex at relay
Type Ia (out-of-band providing RF isolation) C1
C1 or C2
Donor eNB
Relay node
Type Ia (out of band providing RF isolation)
C2
C1, C2 or C3
Donor eNB
Relay node
Type Ib (in band, RF isolation)
C1
C1 or C2
R l d
RF isolation at relay
Donor eNB Relay node
Relays can provide backhaul solution where dedicated backhaul is challenging
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13 | August 2010
Self Optimizing Network (SON)
Innovations to continue through LTE-Advanced
Self-
Configuration/
Plug & Play
Handover &
RACH
Optimization
Neighbor Cell
Relation &
auto Cell ID
Interference
Co-Ordination
(ICIC)
Load
Balancing
E2E &
HetNet
Optimization
Coverage &
Capacity
Optimization
Release 8
Energy
Savings
Release 9 Release 10 & Beyond
( )
Plug & play
femto
Automated
neighbor cell
Inter-Cell Interference
Cancellation based on inter-cell
Savings
femto
neighbor cell
relation
Cancellation based on inter-cell
negotiation
Reduces Hand Over failure
Improves throughput/QoE
Performance increase in call set up
Comprehensive SON solution,
powered by our 3G experience and
Bell Labs Research
Bell Labs efforts injected into
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Bell Labs efforts injected into
our wireless developments
Summary
Fast growing wireless data capacity demands due to smartphones and high Fast growing wireless data capacity demands due to smartphones and high
growth in web, streaming and interactive video apps
LTE & LTE-Advanced coupled with small cells & relays will address these fast
growing wireless data capacity demands growing wireless data capacity demands
Carrier Aggregation and MU-MIMO enhancements are the key LTE-Advanced
features for meeting IMT-Advanced requirements
CoMP has potential to provide significant further spectral efficiency gain with added CoMP has potential to provide significant further spectral efficiency gain with added
complexity
Relays and continued SON evolution to support E2E and HetNet optimizations are additional
LTE-Advanced features
Alcatel-Lucent is delivering market leading end-to-end LTE solution with
smooth evolution to LTE-Advanced, paving the way to new business models
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