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The document provides vocabulary related to 4 subject areas: 1) Society and living standards, 2) Personal values and ideals, 3) Employment, and 4) Unexplained phenomena and events. Key terms defined include standard of living, society, social exclusion, social class, minority, citizenship, gender roles, domestic violence, tolerance, honesty, moral dilemmas, apprentice, trainee, intern, salary, wage, unemployment, union, supernatural, psychic, and common superstitions. The document serves as a reference for understanding concepts and terminology across these four broad subject areas.
The document provides vocabulary related to 4 subject areas: 1) Society and living standards, 2) Personal values and ideals, 3) Employment, and 4) Unexplained phenomena and events. Key terms defined include standard of living, society, social exclusion, social class, minority, citizenship, gender roles, domestic violence, tolerance, honesty, moral dilemmas, apprentice, trainee, intern, salary, wage, unemployment, union, supernatural, psychic, and common superstitions. The document serves as a reference for understanding concepts and terminology across these four broad subject areas.
The document provides vocabulary related to 4 subject areas: 1) Society and living standards, 2) Personal values and ideals, 3) Employment, and 4) Unexplained phenomena and events. Key terms defined include standard of living, society, social exclusion, social class, minority, citizenship, gender roles, domestic violence, tolerance, honesty, moral dilemmas, apprentice, trainee, intern, salary, wage, unemployment, union, supernatural, psychic, and common superstitions. The document serves as a reference for understanding concepts and terminology across these four broad subject areas.
Vocabulary related to society Standard of living A grade or level of subsistence and comfort in everyday life enjoyed by a community, class, or individual Society A society is a population of humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive culture and/or institutions. More broadly, a society is an economic, social and industrial infrastructure, in which a varied multitude of people are a part of. Members of a society may be from different ethnic groups. Antisocial Antisocial (against society) is often used in colloquial speech to mean unfriendly or not sociable (asocial). In scientific use, antisocial refers more specifically to a person who is harmful or hostile to others, or to society in general. Social exclusion Social exclusion relates to the alienation or disenfranchisement of certain people within a society. It is often connected to a person's social class, educational status, relationships in childhood and living standards and how these might affect access to various opportunities. It also applies to some degree to people with a disability, to minority men and women of all races, to the elderly, and to youth (Youth Exclusion). Anyone who deviates in any perceived way from the norm of a population may become subject to coarse or subtle forms of social exclusion. Here are some definitions of Social exclusion : Social exclusion is about the inability of our society to keep all groups and individuals within reach of what we expect as a society...[or] to realize their full potential." "Whatever the content and criteria of social membership, socially excluded groups and individuals lack capacity or access to social opportunity.
Social class Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in societies or cultures. People may be part of lower, middle or higher classes. Minority A minority or subordinate group is a sociological group that does not constitute a politically dominant voting majority of the total population of a given society. Examples of minority groups include emigrants, blacks, ... Social solidarity Social solidarity refers to the integration, and degree and type of integration, shown by a society or group. Association A voluntary association or union (also sometimes called a voluntary organization, unincorporated association, or just an association) is a group of individuals who voluntarily enter into an agreement to form a body (or organization) to accomplish a purpose for the good of society. Examples of association include associations for the defense of human rights, minorities, the disabled ... Multicultural Society A society in which there is a cultural diversity. Health care Health care, or healthcare, is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of health through services offered by the medical, dental, nursing, and allied health professions. Voluntary work Voluntary work is done by volunteers for the benefit of a community or society. A volunteer is someone who works for a community or for the benefit of environment primarily because they choose to do so. Volunteers do not normally get paid. Homelessness Homelessness is the condition and social category of people who lack housing, because they cannot afford, or are otherwise unable to maintain, regular, safe, and adequate shelter. People who are part of this social category are called homeless people. Poverty Poverty is the deprivation of common necessities such as food, clothing, shelter and safe drinking water, all of which determine our quality of life. It may also include the lack of access to opportunities such as education and employment which aid the escape from poverty and/or allow one to enjoy the respect of fellow citizens. Citizenship Citizenship is membership in a political community (originally a city or town but now usually a country) and carries with it rights to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen. Gender Roles A gender role is defined as a set of perceived behavioral norms associated particularly with males or females, in a given social group or system. It can be a form of division of labor by gender. Domestic violence Domestic violence (also known as domestic abuse or spousal abuse) occurs when a family member, partner or ex-partner attempts to physically or psychologically dominate another. Domestic violence often refers to violence between spouses, or spousal abuse but can also include cohabitants and non-married intimate partners.
2) Personal Values and Ideals
tolerance discrimination ethical work love freedom Whatever friends a moral dilemma moral code/ creed/ ethics/ rules/ beliefs family respect/disrespect selfish/selfless environmental principles wealth/poverty ethical consumption compassion for people in need/ charity environmental principles honesty/dishonesty betray/lie to/ double cross integrity/hypocrisy loyal/ trustworthy
Personal Values Checklist:
Achievement Friendship Physical challenge Advancement and promotion Growth Pleasure Adventure Having a family Power and authority Affection (love and caring) Helping other people Privacy Arts Helping society Public service Challenging problems Honesty Purity Change and variety Independence Quality of what I take part in Close relationships Influencing others Quality relationships Community Inner harmony Recognition (respect from others, status) Competence Integrity Religion Competition Intellectual status Reputation Cooperation Involvement Responsibility and accountability Country Job tranquility Security Creativity Knowledge Self-Respect Decisiveness Leadership Serenity Democracy Location Sophistication Ecological awareness Loyalty Stability Economic security Market position Status Effectiveness Meaningful work Supervising others Efficiency Merit Time freedom Ethical practice Money Truth Excellence Nature Wealth Excitement being around people who are open and honest Wisdom Fame Order (tranquility, stability, conformity) Work under pressure Fast living Personal development Work with others Financial gain Freedom Working alone
3) Employment Vocabulary
Employee - a person who works for another person or for a company for wages or a salary. Employer - a person or company that has people who do work for wages or a salary : a person or company that has employees. Worker - a person who does a particular job to earn money. Apprentice - a person who learns a job or skill by working for a fixed period of time for someone who is very good at that job or skill. Trainee - a person who is being trained for a job. Intern a student or recent graduate who works for a period of time at a job in order to get experience. Full-time job - working the full number of hours considered normal or standard. Normally 8. Part-time job - working or involving fewer hours than is considered normal or standard. Shifts - the scheduled period of time during which a person works. Overtime - time spent working at your job that is in addition to your normal working hours. Flexitime - a system in which employees are required to work a certain number of hours but are allowed to choose their own times for starting and finishing work. Occupation - the work that a person does : a persons job or profession. Profession - a type of job that requires special education, training, or skill. Earn your living - to get (money, a salary, etc.) for work that you have done. To get a raise to receive an increase in the amount of your pay. Promotion - the act of promoting someone or something: such as a : the act of moving someone to a higher or more important position or rank in an organization. Maternity leave not going to work for a specific period of time since you have just given birth. Salary - an amount of money that an employee is paid each year. Wage very similar to salary: an amount of money that a worker is paid based on the number of hours, days, etc., that are worked.
Unemployment Vocabulary
Period of notice - a statement telling someone that an agreement, job, etc., will end soon. To be unemployed to be without a job. To be out of work to be without a job. To be on the dole - money that a government gives to people who do not have jobs or who are very poor. To fire somebody - to dismiss (someone) from a job. To sack somebody - to dismiss (someone) from a job. To hand in ones notice to give your boss a statement telling someone that an agreement, job, etc., will end soon. To resign - to give up (a job or position) in a formal or official way. To quit - to leave (a job, school, career, etc.). Unemployment benefit - money that is paid by a company (such as an insurance company) or by a government when someone dies, becomes sick, stops working, etc.
Union Vocabulary Demonstration - an act of showing someone how something is used or done. Reforms - an action, plan, rule, etc., that is meant to improve something. Strike a period of time when workers stop work in order to force an employer to agree to their demands. Boycott - to refuse to buy, use, or participate in (something) as a way of protesting.
Friday the thirteenth is an unlucky day A rabbit's foot brings good luck An apple a day keeps the doctor away To find a four-leaf clover is to find good luck If you walk under a ladder, you will have bad luck If a black cat crosses your path you will have bad luck To break a mirror will bring you seven years bad luck To open an umbrella in the house is to bring bad luck To find a horseshoe brings good luck Step on a crack, break your mother's back You can break a bad luck spell by turning seven times in a clockwise circle Garlic protects from evil spirits and vampires Our fate is written in the stars At the end of a rainbow is a pot of gold Clothes worn inside out will bring good luck Wearing your birthstone will bring you good luck If you blow out all of the candles on your birthday cake with the first breath you will get whatever you wish for To have a wish come true using a wishbone, two people make a wish, then take hold of each end of the bone and pull it until it separates. The person with the longer end gets his or her wish An itchy palm means money will come your way A beginner will always have good luck: beginner's luck A cat has nine lives
Crossing your fingers helps to avoid bad luck and helps a wish come true It is bad luck to sing at the table It is bad luck to sleep on a table A bird that comes in your window brings bad luck To refuse a kiss under mistletoe causes bad luck
5) National Environmental Concerns
acid rain lluvia cida carbon dioxide dixido de carbono chemicals sustancias qumicas climate change cambio climtico conservation conservacin contaminant contaminante contamination contaminacin deforestation deforestacin eco-friendly que no daa el medio ambiente ecological ecolgico ecologist ecologista ecosystem ecosistema effluent aguas residuales endangered species especies en peligro de extincin environment medio ambiente environmental medioambiental environmentalist ecologista environmentally friendly que no daa el medio ambiente extinction extincin garbage disposal (US) eliminacin de residuos garbage separation (US) separacin de residuos global warming calentamiento global greenhouse effect efecto invernadero noise pollution contaminacin acstica nuclear radiation radiacin nuclear organic orgnico ozone ozono ozone-friendly que no daa la capa de ozono ozone layer capa de ozono pollution polucin, contaminacin radioactive substance sustancia radiactiva radioactive waste residuos radiactivos radioactivity radiactividad recyclable reciclable recycled reciclado recycling reciclaje reforestation repoblacin forestal sewage aguas residuales sewage farm (GB) estacin depuradora sewage plant (US) estacin depuradora sewage works (GB) estacin depuradora smog smog solar energy energa solar sulphur dioxide (GB) dixido de azufre sulfur dioxide (US) dixido de azufre toxic waste residuos txicos waste separation (GB) separacin de residuos waste disposal (GB) eliminacin de residuos wind power energa elica to become extinct extinguirse to conserve conservar to contaminate contaminar to die out extinguirse to poison envenenar to pollute contaminar to recycle reciclar
7) Public Figures Past and Present
Vocabulary:
Legend hero mastermind genius villain bad guy legacy famous person celebrity President leader founder inventor creator gossip to achieve to be successful to contribute to disgrace to admire