U n i t e d S t a t e s P a t e n t [ 1 9 1

[ 1 1 ] 4 , 2 3 5 , 3 9 2
A l l e n , J r . [ 4 5 ] N o v . 2 5 , 1 9 8 0
[ 5 4 ] TEXTILE BOBBIN 4 , 0 0 6, 8 66 2 /1 9 77 We bs t e r e t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 7/4 0 7 X
4 , 0 5 4 , 69 0 1 0 /1 9 77 We bs t e r e t a l . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 7/4 0 8 X
[ 75 ] In v e n t o r : Fr a n k L. A l l e n , J r . , H o p e d a l e , M a s s . _
, P r i ma r y Exa mi n e r -M i cha e l R . Lus i gn a n
[ 73 ] A s s r gn e e : R o ckw e l l In t e r n a t i o n a l C o r p o r a t i o n ,
P i t t s bur gh, P a . [ 5 7] A BS TR A C T
[ 2 1 ] A P P L N o d 4 2 , 8 5 0 A n v i mp r o v e d w o o d t e xt i l e bo bbi n ha v i n g a s i n gl e p r o
1 _ ' t e ct i v e w e a r r e s i s t a n t co a t i n g, t he co a t i n g w he n a p p l i e d
[ 2 2 ] Fl l e d M a y 2 9 1 9 79 - ha v i n g t he a bi l i t y t o r a p i d l y fo r m a t a ck fr e e o ut e r
[ 5 1 ] In t . C l . 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B65 H 75 /1 2 ; B3 2 B 2 7/4 0 ; S ur fa ce a n d cur e t o a d e s i r a bl e Wo r ki n g S ur fa ce Ov e r
1 3 0 5 ] ) 3 /0 2 w o o d s o r w o o d gr a i n s t ha t ha v e be e n p r e v i o us l y un us
[ 5 2 ] us . o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 2 /1 1 8 . 3 2 ; 4 2 7/3 9 3 ; a bl e , w he r e i n t he co mp o s i t i o n fo r t he co a t i n g i s ma d e
4 2 8 /4 2 5 . 1 ; 4 2 8 /5 4 1 ; 4 2 8 /5 3 7 up o f fr o m a bo ut 4 0 t o 65 p e r ce n t s o l i d s co n s i s t i n g o f a
[ 5 8 ] Fi e l d o f S e a r ch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 7/3 9 3 ; 4 2 8 /4 2 3 , 5 1 1 , r i ci n o l e i c a ci d /d i p he n yl me t ha n e d i i s o cya n a t e p r e p o l y
4 2 8 /5 1 4 , 5 3 7, 4 2 5 , 5 4 1 ; 2 4 2 / l 1 8 . 3 2 me r (M DI) a n d a mo i s t ur e a ct i v a t e d , bl o cke d , hyd r o xyl
[ 5 6] _ R e fe r e n ce s C i t e d fun ct i o n a l a cr yl i c r e s i n , t he ba l a n ce be i n g a s o l v e n t i n
3 , 5 77, 2 71 5 /1 9 71
3 , 664 , 8 61
3 , 68 1 , 2 8 9
U . S . P A TEN T DOC U M EN TS
Bl i v e n e t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 2 / l 1 8 . 3 2 X
Oka mur a e t a l . . 4 2 8 /4 2 5 X
Kr us e e t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 8 /4 2 3 X
5 /1 9 72
8 /1 9 72
w hi ch t he s o l i d s a r e d i s s o l v e d fo r t he p ur p o s e o f a p p l y
i n g t he co mp o s i t i o n t o _ t he o ut e r s ur fa ce o f t he bo bbi n
s ubs t r a t e .
5 C l a i ms , N o Dr a w i n gs
1
TEXTILE BOBBIN
BA C KGR OU N D OF TH E IN VEN TION
The s ur fa ce o f a w e a v i n g bo bbi n w hi ch co me s i n t o
4 , 2 3 5 , 3 9 2
co n t a ct w i t h t he ya r n t ha t i s i ' w o un d a r o un d i t mus t be _
e xt r e me l y s mo o t h s o t ha t t he ya r n w i l l n o t ' be ca ught
a n d br o ke n d ur i n g t he w e a v i n g p r o ce s s . In a d d i t i o n t o
be i n g s mo o t h, t he s ur fa ce o f t he bo bbi n mus t a l s o be
w e a r r e s i s t a n t s i n ce ma n y o f t he ya r n s us e d i n mo d e r n
w e a v i n g t e chn o l o gy a r e e xt r e me l y a br a s i v e . Wo o d
bo bbi n s a r e n o r ma l l y p r o d uce d by cut t i n g bl o cks o f
w o o d t o a n i n i t i a l r o ugh s i z e a n d t he n me cha n i ca l l y
r e d uci n g t he bo bbi n bl a n k t o i t s ul t i ma t e d e s i r e d d i me n
s i o n , a s by t ur n i n g o r t he l i ke . Due t o t he i n he r e n t s ho r t
co mi n gs o f t he me cha n i ca l s ha p i n g o p e r a t i o n , o n l y
, cl e a r , s t r a i ght gr a i n e d w o o d co ul d be us e d i n t he p r o
d uct i o n o f bo bbi n s . Thus , fo r mi n g w o o d s o r gr a i n s s uch
a s cur l y, bi r d s -e ye , e t c. , o r he a r t w o o d w o ul d r e s ul t i n
s ur fa ce i mp e r fe ct i o n s t ha t co ul d o n l y be ma d e us e ful
t hr o ugh t he a p p l i ca t i o n o f a mul t i p l i ci t y o f s ur fa ce
co a t s . It w a s n o t p o s s i bl e t o p r o v i d e a n a d e q ua t e s ur fa ce
? n i s h, w he t he r a v a r n i s ho r a n e n a me l , w i t h t he a p p l i ca
t i o n o f a s i n gl e l a ye r o f p r o t e ct i v e ma t e r i a l . A l t ho ugh i t
i s kn o w n t o . a p p l y s ur fa ce ? n i s he s co n t a i n i n g fr o m
a bo ut 2 0 t o 2 5 p e r ce n t s o l i d s , t hi s be i n g t he ma xi mum
he r e t o fo r e p e r mi s s i bl e , i t ha s n o t be e n p o s s i bl e t o a p p l y
s ur fa ce co a t i n g o f a cce p t a bl e v i s co s i t y, w hi ch co n
t a i n e d t he p e r ce n t a ge o f s o l i d s n e ce s s a r y t o i mp a r t s ur
fa ce p r o t e ct i o n t o t he bo bbi n w i t h a s i n gl e a p p l i ca t i o n .
S ur fa ce ? n i s he s o t he r t ha n v a r n i s h o r e n a me l t ha t
ha v e a hi gh s o l i d s co n t e n t ha v e be e n t r i e d but t he y a r e
n o t s ui t a bl e a s a bo bbi n ? n i s h d ue t o t he l a ck o f ha r d
n e s s , t a cki n e s s , s o l i d ya r n w i t hd r a w a l cha r a ct e r i s t i cs o r
t he y r e q ui r e cur i n g co n d i t i o n s t ha t a r e i n co mp a t i bl e
w i t h w o o d o r w o o d bo bbi n s .
S U M M A R Y OF TH E IN VEN TION
It i s a p r i n ci p l e o bj e ct o f t hi s i n v e n t i o n t o p r o v i d e a n
i mp r o v e d w o o d bo bbi n t ha t i s co a t e d w i t h a co mp o s i
t i o n w hi ch p e r mi t s t he a p p l i ca t i o n o f a s i n gl e p r o t e ct i v e
w e a r r e s i s t a n t , hi gh s o l i d s co n t e n t co a t i n g o n t he w e a r
s ur fa ce s o f t he bo bbi n .
A n o t he r o bj e ct o f t hi s i n v e n t i o n i s t o p r o v i d e a n
i mp r o v e d w o o d bo bbi n t ha t i s co a t e d w i t h a co mp o s i
t i o n w hi ch ca n p r o v i d e a p r o t e ct i v e s ur fa ce o n t he
bo bbi n w he n i t i s ma d e o f p r e v i o us l y un a cce p t a bl y
gr a i n e d w o o d s o r t yp e s o f w o o d s w i t h t he a p p l i ca t i o n
o f a s i n gl e l a ye r o f ma t e r i a l .
A n o t he r o bj e ct o f t hi s i n v e n t i o n i s t o p r o v i d e a n
i mp r o v e d co mp o s i t i o n fo r a p p l i ca t i o n t o t he s ur fa ce o f
w o o d bo bbi n s w hi ch co n t a i n s fr o m a bo ut 4 0 t o 65 p e r
ce n t s o l i d s , (i n cl ud i n g a r i ci n o l e i c a ci d /d i p he n yl me
t ha n e d i i s o cya n a t e p r e p o l yme r ) , a n d ba l a n ce a s o l v e n t
w hi ch co n t a i n s n o OH gr o up o r w a t e r .
A n o t he r o bj e ct o f t hi s i n v e n t i o n i s t o p r o v i d e a n
i mp r o v e d bo bbi n ha v i n g a p r o t e ct i v e w e a r r e s i s t a n t
co a t i n g fo r me d fr o m t he co a t i n g co mp o s i t i o n o f t hi s
i n v e n t i o n w hi ch w i l l be co me t a ck fr e e i n s ubs t a n t i a l l y
l e s s t i me t ha n kn o w n t yp e s o f p r o t e ct i v e co a t i n gs fo r
bo bbi n s .
Ot he r o bj e ct s a n d a d v a n t a ge s o f t hi s i n v e n t i o n w i l l be
i n p a r t o bv i o us a n d i n p a r t e xp l a i n e d by r e fe r e n ce t o t he
a cco mp a n yi n g s p e ci ? ca t i o n .
4 5
5 5
65
2
DES C R IP TION OF TH E P R EFER R ED
I EM BODIM EN T
A s i n d i ca t e d a bo v e , bo bbi n s s ui t a bl e fo r us e i n t he
t e xt i l e i n d us t r y mus t ha v e ha r d , w e a r r e s i s t a n t s ur fa ce s
w hi ch a r e fr e e o f i mp e r fe ct i o n s o r ? a w s t ha t w o ul d
ca us e t he ya r n t o ca t ch a n d be br o ke n d ur i n g t he w e a v
i n g o p e r a t i o n . Bo bbi n s ha v e be e n co n s t r uct e d co m
p l e t e l y o f s yn t he t i c ma t e r i a l s , w hi ch a r e s ui t a bl e fo r
s o me a p p l i ca t i o n s w he r e hi gh d e n s i t y i s n o p r o bl e m, but
p r o ba bl y t he mo s t w i d e s p r e a d co n s t r uct i o n ma t e r i a l fo r
bo bbi n s ha s be e n w o o d . The w o o d bo bbi n s , bo t h t o
i mp r o v e t he i r a br a s i o n r e s i s t a n ce a n d t o p r o v i d e a
s mo o t h d e fe ct -fr e e s ur fa ce , ha v e be e n co a t e d w i t h a
v a r i e t y o f p r o t e ct i v e ma t e r i a l s . The s e ma t e r i a l s ha v e
t a ke n t he fo r m o f bo t h s i n gl e a n d mul t i p l e l a ye r co a t
i n gs . Ge n e r a l l y, i t i s p r e fe r r e d t ha t co a t i n g ma t e r i a l s
co n s i s t o f o n l y o n e l a ye r s i n ce t he a p p l i ca t i o n o f mul t i
p l e l a ye r s i s mo r e e xp e n s i v e a n d s o me w ha t l e s s ce r t a i n
d ue t o p r o bl e ms r e l a t i n g t o i n t e r -l a mi n a r a d he s i o n p r o b
l e ms . Exe mp l i fyi n g s o me o f t he a p p r o a che s e ffe ct e d i n
t he a r e a s o f bo bbi n co a t i n g a r e t ho s e d e s cr i be d i n U S .
P a t . N o s . 4 , 0 0 6, 8 66 a n d 4 , 0 5 4 , 69 0 .
The p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s ba s e d up o n t he r e a ct i o n
p r o d uct s o f hyd r o xyl -fun ct i o n a l a cr yl i c r e s i n , w he r e
t he r e a ct i v e hyd r o xyl gr o up s a r e bl o cke d , but ca n be
mo i s t ur e a ct i v a t e d , a n d a r i ci n o l e i c/d i p he n yl me t ha n e
d i i s o cya n a t e p r e p o l yme r . The N C O/OH r a t i o ca n v a r y
fr o m 1 / l t o 5 /1 , d e p e n d i n g up o n t he d e s i r e d ha r d n e s s
o f t he r e s ul t a n t ? n i s h. The t o t a l s o l i d s ca n v a r y fr o m
a bo ut 4 2 t o 65 p e r ce n t . A l l p e r ce n t a ge s s t a t e d i n t hi s
d e s cr i p t i o n w i l l be i n w e i ght p e r ce n t , un l e s s o t he r w i s e
i n d i ca t e d . Fo r p ur p o s e s o f a p p l yi n g t he co a t i n g fo r mi n g
ma t e r i a l s t o t he un d e r l yi n g s ubs t r a t e , t he y a r e d i s s o l v e d
i n a s ui t a bl e s o l v e n t . The t yp e o f s o l v e n t us e d i s n o t
cr i t i ca l , e xce p t t ha t t he s o l v e n t ca n co n t a i n n o hyd r o xyl
(OH ) gr o up o r a n y w a t e r w hi ch w o ul d up s e t t he r a t i o
be t w e e n t he hyd r o xyl fun ct i o n a l a cr yl i c r e s i n a n d t he
M ID p r e p o l yme r . The q ua n t i t y o f s o l v e n t us e d i n p r e ~
p a r i n g t he co a t i n g ma t e r i a l i s a fun ct i o n o f t he v i s co s i t y
d e s i r e d a s w e l l a s t he d r yi n g r a t e t ha t ma y be d e s i r e d .
Obv i o us l y, i f t he co a t i n g ma t e r i a l i s t o be a p p l i e d by
s p r a yi n g, t he n t he v i s co s i t y o f t he s o l ut i o n mus t be l e s s
t ha n w o ul d be t he ca s e i f t he co a t i n g w e r e t o be a p p l i e d
by d i p p i n g. Fur t he r , t he v i s co s i t y s ho ul d be s uch t ha t
t he co a t i n g ma t e r i a l ge l s un d e r p r o p e r t e mp e r a t ur e a n d
humi d i t y co n d i t i o n s i n a p p r o xi ma t e l y o n e mi n ut e A ft e r
a p p l i ca t i o n , t ha t i s be co me s t a ck fr e e , s o t ha t t he s o l
v e n t s w i l l be r e l e a s e d fr o m t he ma t e r i a l a s q ui ckl y a s
p o s s i bl e fo r co mp l e t e d r yi n g o f t he co a t i n g.
The fo l l o w i n g t a bl e s s e t fo r t h s p e ci ? c co mp o s i t i o n s
w hi ch ha v e be e n fo un d t o be p a r t i cul a r l y e ffi ca ci o us i n
d e v e l o p i n g un i fo r m w e a r r e s i s t a n t s i n gl e l a ye r p r o t e c
t i v e co a t i n gs o n w o o d bo bbi n s ma d e o f w o o d s t ha t
w o ul d ha v e be e n he r e t o fo r e n o t us e a bl e o t he r t ha n w i t h
t he a p p l i ca t i o n o f mul t i p l e co a t i n gs o r t he l i ke .
TA BLE I
4 2 % S OLIDS
N C O/OH
R A TIO M 1 3 1 0 1 ) 0 1 1 t h) S OLVEN T)
1 /1 2 0 0 2 70 69 9
5 /1 1 0 0 0 2 70 1 75 3
("M 1 3 1 a d d e d a s Vo r i t e - a p r o d uct o f Ba ke r o n C o .
(OH a d d e d a s uA cr yl o i d A U 5 68 " - a p r o d uct o f R o hm & H a a s C o .
ma d d e d a s xyl e n e a n d e t hyl e n e gl yco l mo n o e t hyl e t he r a ce t a t e i n e q ua l p r o p o r t i o n s
w i t h r e s p e ct t o e a ch o t he r .
4 , 2 3 5 , 3 9 2
3
TA BLE II
5 0 % S OLIDS
N C O/0 H
R A TIO M DI(") o n ) S OLVEN T)
1 /1 2 0 0 2 70 4 70
5 /1 1 0 0 0 2 70 1 2 70
mM Dl a d d e d a s "Vo r i t e - a p r o d uct o f Ba ke r Oi l C o .
(o n a d d e d a s A cr yl o i d A U 5 68 - a p r o d uct o f R o hm a H a a s C o .
( ) a d d e d a s xyl e n e a n d e t hyl e n e gl yco l mo n o e t hyl e t he r a ce t a t e i n e q ua l p r o p o r t i o n s
w i t h r e s p e ct t o e a ch o t he r .
TA BLE III
65 % s o uo s
N C O/0 H
R A TIO M o n ") 0 H 0 ) s o n v e mi c)
1 /1 2 0 0 2 70 2 5 3
5 /1 1 0 0 2 70 68 4
mM Dl a d d e d a s Vo r i t e " - a p r o d uct o f Ba ke r Oi l C o .
(o n a d d e d a s A cr yl o i d A U 5 68 - a p r o d uct o f R o hm & H a a s C o .
( ) a d d e d a s xyl e n e a n d e t hyl e n e gl yco l mo n o e t hyl e t he r a ce t a t e i n e q ua l p r o p o r t i o n s
w i t h r e s p e ct t o e a ch o t he r .
A l t ho ugh t he p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n ha s be e n d e s cr i be d i n
co n n e ct i o n w i t h a p r e fe r r e d e mbo d i me n t , i t s ho ul d be
un d e r s t o o d t ha t mo d i ? ca t i o n s a n d v a r i a t i o n s ma y be
r e s o r t e d t o w i t ho ut d e p a r t i n g fr o m t he s p i r i t a n d s co p e
o f t he i n v e n t i o n a s t ho s e s ki l l e d i n t he a r t w i l l r e a d i l y
un d e r s t a n d . S uch mo d i ? ca t i o n s a n d v a r i a t i o n s a r e co n
5
1 0
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 5
5 0
5 5
60
65
4
s i d e r e d t o be w i t hi n t he p ur v i e w a n d s co p e o f t he a p
p e n d e d cl a i ms .
I cl a i m:
1 . A n i mp r o v e d w o o d t e xt i l e bo bbi n ha v i n g a s i n gl e
p r o t e ct i v e w e a r r e s i s t a n t co a t i n g t ha t r a p i d l y fo r ms a
t a ck fr e e s ur fa ce up o n a p p l i ca t i o n w hi ch i s fo r me d fr o m
a co a t i n g co mp o s i t i o n co n s i s t i n g e s s e n t i a l l y o f by
w e i ght p e r ce n t :
(a ) a bo ut 4 0 t o 65 p e r ce n t s o l i d s co n s i s t i n g o f;
(i ) a r i ci n o l e i c a ci d /d i p he n yl me t ha n e d i i s o cya n a t e
p r e p o l yme r (M DI) ; a n d
(i i ) a mo i s t ur e a ct i v a t e d , bl o cke d , hyd r o xyl fun c
t i o n a l a cr yl i c r e s i n ; a n d -
(b) ba l a n ce a s o l v e n t fo r t he s o l i d s o f (a ) w hi ch s o l
v e n t co n t a i n s n o hyd r o xi d e gr o up o r w a t e r .
2 . A n i mp r o v e d bo bbi n a s d e ? n e d i n cl a i m 1 w he r e i n
t he co a t i n g co mp o s i t i o n ha s a r a t i o o f M DI t o hyd r o xyl
fun ct i o n a l a cr yl i c r e s i n r a n gi n g fr o m a bo ut 1 : 1 t o 5 : 1 .
3 . A n i mp r o v e d bo bbi n a s d e ? n e d i n cl a i m 2 w he r e i n
t he p e r ce n t o f s o l i d s p r e s e n t i n s a i d co a t i n g co mp o s i t i o n
r a n ge s fr o m a bo ut 4 2 t o 5 0 p e r ce n t .
4 . A n i mp r o v e d bo bbi n a s d e ? n e d i n cl a i m 2 w he r e i n
t he s o l v e n t us e d i n t he co mp o s i t i o n co n s i s t s e s s e n t i a l l y
o f xyl e n e a n d e t hyl e n e gl yco l mo n o e t hyl e t he r a ce t a t e .
5 . A n i mp r o v e d bo bbi n a s d e fi n e d i n cl a i m 4 w he r e i n
t he xyl e n e a n d t he e t hyl e n e gl yco l mo n o e t hyl e t he r
a ce t a t e a r e p r e s e n t i n e q ua l p r o p o r t i o n s w i t h r e s p e ct t o
e a ch o t he r .
i i t i i