Public Corp. Memory Aid

ZPG & ASSOCIATES(Zambales.Pablo.
Gonzales)

LAW ON PUBLIC CORPORATIONS
1. General Principles
1. CORPORATIONan artificial being created by
oeration of la!" #a$ing t#e rig#t of %&cce%%ion and
t#e o!er%" attrib&te% and roertie% e're%%ly
a&t#ori(ed by la! or incident to it% e'i%tence.
a. PUBLIC CORPORATIONone for)ed and
organi(ed for t#e go$ern)ent of a ortion of t#e State.
2. Classes of Corporation:
a. Public or unicipala body olitic
and cororate con%tit&ted by
incororation of in#abitant% of city or
to!n for &ro%e% of local go$ern)ent
t#ereof or a% agency of State to a%%i%t
in ci$il go$ern)ent of t#e co&ntry* one
for)ed and organi(ed for t#e
go$ern)ent of a ortion of t#e State.
b. Pri!ateone for)ed for %o)e ri$ate
&ro%e" benefit" ai) or end.
c. "uasi#Publica ri$ate cororation
t#at render% &blic %er$ice or %&lie%
&blic !ant%.
d. "uasi#corporation&blic
cororation% created a% agencie% of
State for narro! and li)ited &ro%e.
$. %le&ents of unicipal Corporation
a. Legal creation or incororation
b. Cororate na)e
c. In#abitant%
d. Territory
'. (ual Nature of unicipal Corporation
+,$ery local go$ern)ent &nit created or
organi(ed i% a body olitic and cororate endo!ed
!it# o!er% to be e'erci%ed by it in confor)ity !it#
la!. A% %&c#" it %#all e'erci%e o!er% a% olitical
%&bdi$i%ion of t#e National -o$ern)ent and a% a
cororate entity rere%enting t#e in#abitant% of it%
territory.
a. Public)Go!ern&entalit act% a% an
agent of t#e State for t#e go$ern)ent
of t#e territory and t#e in#abitant%
!it#in t#e )&nicial li)it%* it e'erci%e%
by delegation a art of t#e %o$ereignty
of t#e State.
b. Pri!ate)Proprietar*it act% in a
%i)ilar category a% a b&%ine%%
cororation" erfor)ing f&nction% not
%trictly go$ern)ental or olitical* it
%tand% for t#e co))&nity in t#e
ad)ini%tration of local affair%. It act% a%
a %earate entity for it% o!n &ro%e%
and not a% a %&bdi$i%ion of t#e State.
+. Criterion to ,eter&ine -.et.er corporation is
public:
T#e relation%#i of t#e cororation to t#e
State" i.e." if created by t#e State a% it% o!n agency to
#el t#e State in carrying o&t it% go$ern)ental
f&nction%" t#en it i% &blic" ot#er!i%e" it i% ri$ate.
.. (e /acto unicipal Corporation
//a cororation t#at )ay e'i%t in fact alt#o&g# not
oint of la! beca&%e of certain defect% in %o)e
e%%ential feat&re% of it% incororation.
0. %le&ents of (e /acto unicipal Corporation:
a. A $alid la! a&t#ori(ing incororation
b. An atte)t in good fait# to organi(e
&nder it
c. A colorable co)liance !it# t#e la!
d. An a%%&)tion of cororate o!er%
0. T.ree for&s of ,ecentrali1ation:
a. (e!olution/ i% t#e tran%fer of o!er and
a&t#ority fro) t#e national go$ern)ent to
L-U% a% t#e territorial and olitical
%&bdi$i%ion% of t#e State. T#e nat&re of
o!er tran%fer i% olitical and t#e aroac#
i% territorial or areal.
b. (econcentration/ i% t#e tran%fer of o!er"
a&t#ority or re%on%ibility" or t#e di%cretion
to lan" decide and )anage fro) central
oint or local le$el%" b&t !it#in t#e central or
national go$ern)ent it%elf. T#e nat&re of
t#e tran%fer i% ad)ini%trati$e and t#e
aroac# i% %ectoral.
c. (ebureaucrati1ation/ i% t#e tran%fer of
%o)e &blic f&nction% and re%on%ibilitie%"
!#ic# t#e go$ern)ent )ay erfor)" to
ri$ate entitie% or non/go$ern)ental
organi(ation%* it i% eole1% e)o!er)ent
or articiation in local go$ernance.
2(ecentrali1ation of A,&inistration# t#e central
go$ern)ent delegate% ad)ini%trati$e o!er% to
olitical %&bdi$i%ion% in order to broaden t#e ba%e of
go$ern)ent o!er.
+(ecentrali1ation of Po-er 3Political
(ecentrali1ation4# in$ol$e% abdication of olitical
o!er in fa$or of L-U1% declared a&tono)o&%.
(Limbonas vs. Mangelin, 170 SCRA 786)
NOT%:
2Local Autono&*# i% %elf/go$erning. It i%
t#e granting of )ore o!er%" a&t#ority" re%on%ibilitie%
and re%o&rce% to t#e lo!er or local le$el% of a
go$ern)ent %y%te). T#e rincile of local a&tono)y
&nder t#e 1230 Con%tit&tion %i)ly )ean%
decentrali(ation. It doe% not )a4e t#e local
go$ern)ent %o$ereign !it#in t#e %tate or an 5i)eri&)
in i)erio.
A)ong t#e reg&latory o!er% of t#e National
-o$ern)ent Agencie% tran%ferred or de$ol$ed to t#e L-U%
incl&de t#e follo!ing6
7. T#e recla%%ification of agric&lt&ral land%/ 8AR to citie%
and )&nicialitie%
9. ,nforce)ent of en$iron)ental la!%/ 8,NR to all
L-U%
:. In%ection of food rod&ct% and ;&arantine/ 8O< to
citie% and )&nicialitie%
=. T#e enforce)ent of t#e National B&ilding Code/
8PW< to citie% and )&nicialitie%
.. T#e roce%%ing and aro$al of %&bdi$i%ion lan%/
<LURB to citie% and )&nicialitie%
1
ZPG & ASSOCIATES(Zambales.Pablo.Gonzales)
0. T#e oeration of tricycle%/ LT>RB to citie% and
)&nicialitie%
3. T#e e%tabli%#)ent of coc4it% and #olding of
coc4fig#t%/ P#iliine -a)efo!l Co))i%%ion to citie%
and )&nicialitie%
A&on5 t.e basic ser!ices an, facilities ,e!ol!e, to
LGUs inclu,e:
1. Agric&lt&ral e'ten%ion and on/%ite re%earc# of t#e
8eart)ent of Agric&lt&re*
7. Co))&nity/ba%ed fore%try ro?ect of t#e 8,NR*
9. >ield #ealt# and #o%ital %er$ice% and ot#er tertiary
#ealt# %er$ice% of t#e 8O<*
:. P&blic !or4% and infra%tr&ct&re ro?ect% f&nded o&t of
local f&nd% of t#e 8PW<*
=. T#e %c#ool b&ilding rogra) of t#e 8,CS*
.. Social !elfare %er$ice% of t#e 8SW8*
0. To&ri%) facilitie% and to&ri%) ro)otion and
de$elo)ent of t#e 8OT*
3. Teleco))&nication% %er$ice% for ro$ince% and citie%
of t#e 8OTC*
2. <o&%ing ro?ect% for ro$ince% and citie%* and
1@. Ot#er %er$ice% %&c# a% in$e%t)ent %&ort.
6. 7o- local autono&* en.ances 5o!ern&ental an,
corporate po-ers of LGUs:

a. ,$ery local go$ern)ent &nit %#all #a$e6
i. >&ll a&tono)y in t#eir e'erci%e of rorietary
rig#t% and )anage)ent of econo)ic enterri%e%.
ii. >&ll a&t#ority to %ec&re do)e%tic or foreign
grant% !it#o&t t#e aro$al of t#e N-A%
concerned" &nle%% t#e%e are ro?ect% !it#
national %ec&rity i)lication%" and
iii. >inancial &nderta4ing% for L-U% for )&t&al
ad$antage t#r& loan% and a%%i%tance to cala)ity/
%tric4en L-U%.
B. R.A. 819:;Polic* an, Application< Constitutional
Pro!isions
1. %ffecti!it*Aan&ary 1" 1227
2. =cope of Application 3=ec. '> RA 819:4
Alicable to6
a. all ro$ince%
b. citie%
c. )&nicialitie%
d. barangay%
e. and ot#er olitical bodie% a%
)ay be created by la!" and
f. to t#e e'tent ro$ided in t#e
L-C Bi.e. de$ol&tion of o!er%C6
/official%
/office%" or
/agencie% of t#e
National -o$ern)ent
$. Rules of Interpretation 3=ec. +> RA 819:4
a. Any ro$i%ion on a local go$ern)ent &nit
%#all be liberally interreted it%
fa$or" and in ca%e of do&bt" any ;&e%tion
t#ereon %#all be re%ol$ed in fa$or of
de$ol&tion of o!er% and of t#e lo!er local
go$ern)ent &nit. Any fair and rea%onable
do&bt a% to t#e e'i%tence of t#e o!er %#all
be interreted in fa$or of t#e local
go$ern)ent &nit concerned*
b. In ca%e of do&bt" any ta' ordinance or
re$en&e )ea%&re %#all be con%tr&ed %trictly
again%t t#e local go$1t &nit enacting it" and
liberally in fa$or of t#e ta'ayer. Any ta'
e'e)tion" incenti$e or relief granted by any
local go$1t &nit &r%&ant to t#e ro$i%ion% of
t#i% Code %#all be con%tr&ed %trictly again%t
t#e er%on clai)ing it*
c. T#e general !elfare ro$i%ion% in t#i%
Code %#all be liberally interreted to
gi$e )ore o!er% to local go$1t &nit% in
accelerating econo)ic de$elo)ent
and &grading t#e ;&ality of life for t#e
eole in t#e co))&nity.
d. Rig#t% and obligation% e'i%ting on t#e
date of effecti$ity of t#i% Code and
ari%ing o&t of contract% or any ot#er
%o&rce of re%tation in$ol$ing a local
go$1t &nit %#all be go$erned by t#e
original ter)% and condition% of %aid
contract% or t#e la! in force at t#e ti)e
%&c# rig#t% !ere $e%ted.
e. In t#e re%ol&tion of contro$er%ie%
ari%ing &nder t#i% Code !#ere no legal
ro$i%ion or ?&ri%r&dence alie%"
re%ort )ay be #ad to t#e c&%to)% and
tradition% in t#e lace !#ere t#e
contro$er%ie% ta4e lace.
'. (eclaration of =tate Polic* o!er LGU?s
3=ec. 2> RA 819:4
a. T#e territorial and olitical
%&bdi$i%ion% of t#e State %#all
en?oy gen&ine and )eaningf&l
local a&tono)y to enable t#e)
to attain t#eir f&lle%t
de$elo)ent a% %elf/reliant
co))&nication% and )a4e
t#e) )ore effecti$e artner% in
t#e attain)ent of national goal%.
b. To en%&re t#e acco&ntability of
local go$1t &nit% t#ro&g# t#e
in%tit&tion of effecti$e
)ec#ani%)% of recall" initiati$e
and referend&).
c. To re;&ire all national agencie%
and office% to cond&ct eriodic
con%&ltation% !it# aroriate
local go$1t &nit%" non/
go$ern)ental and eole1%
organi(ation% and ot#er
concerned %ector% of t#e
co))&nity before any ro?ect
or rogra) i% i)le)ented in
t#eir re%ecti$e ?&ri%diction%.
II. INT%R#GO@%RN%NTAL R%LATION=
1. National Go!ern&ent an, Local Go!ern&ent Units
a. T#e Pre%ident %#all e'erci%e general %&er$i%ion
o$er L-U%.
i. T#e Pre%ident %#all e'erci%e
%&er$i%ory a&t#ority directly o$er
2
ro$ince%" #ig#ly &rbani(ed citie% and
indeendent co)onent citie%.
ii. T#e Pre%ident %#all e'erci%e %&er$i%ion
o$er co)onent citie% and
)&nicialitie%" t#ro&g# ro$ince" and
o$er barangay% t#ro&g# city and
)&niciality. BSec. 7=C
T#e Pre%ident1% o!er of general
%&er$i%ion o$er L-U% incl&de% t#e
a&t#ority to in$e%tigate and i)o%e
di%cilinary )ea%&re% B%&%en%ion or
re)o$alC &on electi$e local official%.
b. General responsibilities of t.e National
Go!ern&ent to-ar,s LGUs:
i. for)&late olicie% and %et %tandard%
and g&ideline%
ii. ro$ide f&nding %&ort
iii. a&g)ent ba%ic %er$ice% a%%igned to
L-U%
i$. ro$ide tec#nical and ot#er for)% of
a%%i%tance and coordinate on t#e
di%c#arge of N-A f&nction%
$. en%&re t#e articiation of L-U% in
lanning and i)le)enting national
ro?ect%
$i. cond&ct )andatory con%&ltation% !it#
L-U%
NOT%:
+No ro?ect %#all be i)le)ented by go$ern)ent
a&t#oritie% !it#o&t con%&ltation !it# t#e local go$ern)ent &nit%
and rior aro$al of t#e Sangg&nian concerned. BSec.70C

+T#e re;&ire)ent of rior con%&ltation alie% only to
national ro?ect% andDor rogra)% !#ic# are to be
i)le)ented in a artic&lar local co))&nity. Alt#o&g#
%anctioned by t#e national go$ern)ent" t#e oeration of lotto i%
neit#er a rogra) nor ro?ect of t#e national go$ern)ent b&t of
c#aritable in%tit&tion" t#e P#iliine C#arity S!ee%ta4e% Office.
T#e ro?ect% and rogra)% )entioned in Sec. 70 %#o&ld be
interreted to )ean ro?ect% and rogra)% !#o%e
en$iron)ental and ecological effect% are a)ong t#o%e
)entioned in Sec. 7. and 70 of t#e L-C (Lina vs. Pano, G.R.
No. 129093, August 30, 2001).
c. %Atent of t.e LC%?s aut.orit* o!er NGAs an, t.eir
functionaries:
i. T#e LC, can call &on any e)loyee
%tationed or a%%igned in #i% locality to
ad$i%e #i) on )atter% affecting t#e L-U a%
!ell a% coordinate !it# %aid official%" lan%"
rogra)% and ro?ect%.
ii. T#e LC, can enli%t t#e attendance of t#e
national official %tationed in t#e L-U on a
)eeting of electi$e and aointed official% of
t#e L-U treating )atter% in t#e ro)otion of
t#e general !elfare of t#e re%ident%.
iii. T#e LC, can al%o initiate roer ad)ini%trati$e
or ?&dicial action again%t national go$ern)ent
official or e)loyee !#o )ay #a$e co))itted
an offen%e !#ile %tationed or a%%igned in t#e
L-U.

Po-er of Control an, Po-er of General
=uper!ision ,istin5uis.e,:
2. Inter#Local Go!ern&ent Relations

a. T#e ro$ince" t#ro&g# t#e go$ernor" %#all en%&re t#at
e$ery co)onent city and )&niciality act% !it#in it%
o!er%.
b. T#e city or )&niciality" t#ro&g# t#e )ayor" %#all en%&re
t#at barangay% act !it#in t#e %coe of t#eir o!er%.
c. T#e go$ernor %#all re$ie! all e'ec&ti$e order%
ro)&lgated by t#e )ayor. T#e )ayor %#all re$ie! order%
ro)&lgated by t#e &nong barangay.
Ba%i% Po!er of Control
Po!er of
-eneral
S&er$i%ion
A. a% to
nat&re of
o!er
Legi%lati$e ,'ec&ti$e
B. a% to !#o
e'erci%e%
t#e o!er
Congre%%
Pre%ident
a%%i%ted by t#e
8IL- Secretary
C. a% to
!#at t#e
o!er
incl&de%
/creation"
con$er%ion of
L-U% and
alteration of it%
bo&ndarie%*
/allocate o!er%"
re%on%ibilitie%
and re%o&rce%
a)ong L-U%*
/ro$ide for
;&alification%"
election"
aoint)ent"
re)o$al" ter)"
%alarie% and
f&nction% and
d&tie% of local
official%*
/ro$ide ot#er
)atter% relating to
t#e organi(ation
and oeration of
L-U%*
/a)end)ent of
c#arter% of L-U%.
/o$er%ee
!#et#er L-U%
are erfor)ing
t#eir d&tie% in
accordance
!it# la!*
/in$e%tigate
and i)o%e
di%cilinary
)ea%&re% &on
erring electi$e
local
go$ern)ent
official%
3
T#e Sangg&niang Panlala!igan of a ro$ince re$ie!%
all ordinance% enacted by t#e Sangg&niang Panl&ng%od of
co)onent citie% and Sangg&niang Bayan of )&nicialitie%
&nder t#eir ?&ri%diction. In t&rn" t#e Sangg&niang Panl&ng%od
and Sangg&niang Bayan re$ie! all ordinance% a%%ed by t#e
Sanng&niang Barangay &nder t#e ?&ri%diction.
Li4e!i%e" t#e Sangg&niang Panlala!igan of a
ro$ince e'erci%e% t#e ;&a%i/?&dicial f&nction Bad)ini%trati$e
di%cilinary a&t#orityC of #earing and deciding ad)ini%trati$e
ca%e% in$ol$ing electi$e )&nicial and co)onent city official%
&nder t#eir ?&ri%diction. In t&rn" t#e Sangg&niang Panl&ng%od
and Sangg&niang Bayan e'erci%e di%cilinary a&t#ority o$er
electi$e barangay official% !it#in t#eir ?&ri%diction.
$. Relations -it. People?s Or5ani1ations an, Non#
Go!ern&ent Or5ani1ations
a. Pri!ate =ector Participation in Local Go!ernance
P&ro%e6 to en%&re t#e $iability of local a&tono)y a% an
alternati$e %trategy for %&%tainable de$elo)ent. L-U%
%#all enco&rage ri$ate/%ector articiation in t#e
deli$ery of ba%ic %er$ice%.
b. Role of POs> NGOs in t.e LGUs:
+L-U% %#all ro)ote t#e e%tabli%#)ent and oeration
of eole1% and non/go$ern)ental organi(ation% a%
acti$e artner%.

+L-U% )ay enter into ?oint $ent&re and cooerati$e
&nderta4ing% !it# eole1% and non/go$ern)ental
organi(ation% artic&larly in t#e follo!ing6
1. deli$ery of certain ba%ic %er$ice%
7. caability b&ilding and li$eli#ood
ro?ect%* and
9. de$eloing local enterri%e% de%igned to
i)ro$e rod&cti$ity and inco)e"
di$er%ifie% agric&lt&re" %&r r&ral
ind&%triali(ation" and en#ance t#e
econo)ic and %ocial !ell/being of t#e
eole.
c. =pecial Local Bo,ies -.ere t.e pri!ate sector &a*
participate in local 5o!ernance:
1. Local (e!elop&ent Council
/a d&ly con%tit&ted body !#ic# %#all a%%i%t t#e
corre%onding Sangg&nian in %etting t#e direction of
econo)ic and %ocial de$elo)ent" and coordinating
de$elo)ent effort% in it% territorial ?&ri%diction.
2. PreBualification> Bi,s an, A-ar,s Co&&ittee
3PBAC4
+re%on%ible for t#e cond&ct of re;&alification of
contractor%" bidding" e$al&ation of bid%" and t#e
reco))endation of a!ard% concerning local
infra%tr&ct&re ro?ect%.
+go$ernor or t#e city or )&niciality )ayor6
C#air)an
3. Local Peace an, Or,er Council> pursuant to
%.O. No.$:6> as a&en,e,> =eries of 1600.
'. Local =c.ool Boar,
T#e 8,CS %#all con%&lt t#e Board on t#e
aoint)ent of di$i%ion %&erintendent%" di%trict
%&er$i%or%" %c#ool rincial%" and ot#er %c#ool official%.
+. Local 7ealt. Boar,
9. People?s La- %nforce&ent Boar, 3PL%B4
III. CR%ATION> CON@%R=ION> (I@I=ION> %RG%R AN(
CON=OLI(ATION> AN( ABOLITION O/ LGUs
A. Creation of LGUs:
A local go$ern)ent &nit )ay be created" di$ided"
)erged" aboli%#ed" or it% bo&ndarie% %&b%tantially altered by
la! enacted by Congre%% in t#e ca%e of a ro$ince" city"
)&niciality" or ot#er olitical %&bdi$i%ion%" or by Sangg&nian
Panlala!igan or Sangg&nian Panl&ng%od ordinance in t#e
ca%e of a barangay. BSec..C

NOT%:
+nat&re of t#e o!er to create6 L,-ISLATIE,
1. W#ile t#e o!er to create barangay% #a% been delegated
to Sangg&nian Panlala!igan and Sangg&niang Panl&ng%od"
Congre%%" in order to en#ance t#e deli$ery of ba%ic %er$ice%
in indigeno&% c&lt&ral co))&nitie%" )ay create barangay% in
%&c# co))&nitie% not!it#%tanding t#e re;&ire)ent% %et fort#
by la!. BSec.93=a" L-CC
7. T#e creation or con$er%ion of a local go$ern)ent &nit to
anot#er le$el %#all be ba%ed on t#e follo!ing $erifiable
indicator% of $iability and ro?ected caacity to ro$ide
%er$ice%6
a. =ufficient inco&e an,
b. Population an,)or
c. Lan, area

NOT%: Co)liance !it# t#e abo$e/cited indicator% %#all be
atte%ted by t#e 8eart)ent of >inance" t#e National Stati%tic%
Office and t#e Land Fanage)ent B&rea& of t#e 8,NR"
re%ecti$ely.
$. Necessit* of /iAin5 Corporate Li&its:
A% a )atter of general r&le" )&nicial cororation%
cannot" !it#o&t legal a&t#ori(ation" e'erci%e it% o!er%
beyond it% o!n cororate li)it%. It i% nece%%ary t#at it )&%t
#a$e it% bo&ndarie% fi'ed" definite and certain" in order t#at
)ay be identified and t#at all )ay 4no! t#e e'act %coe or
%ection of territory or geogra#ical di$i%ion e)braced !it#in
t#e cororate li)it% and o$er !#ic# t#e )&nicial cororation
#a% ?&ri%diction. A de%crition of t#e bo&ndarie% of a
)&nicial cororation i% %aid to be an e%%ential art of it%
c#arter and nece%%ary to cororate e'i%tence. An
incororation i% $oid !#ere t#e bo&ndarie% of t#e )&nicial
cororation are not de%cribed !it# certainty.
'. anner of Creation
1. Creation of Baran5a*s:
a. Role: %er$e% a% t#e ri)ary lanning and
i)le)enting &nit of go$ern)ent olicie%" lan% rogra)%"
ro?ect% and acti$itie% in t#e co))&nity" and a% a for&)
!#erein t#e collecti$e $ie!% of t#e eole )ay be e're%%ed"
cry%talli(ed and con%idered" and !#ere di%&te% )ay be
a)icably %ettled.

b. C.o creates: a barangay )ay be created"
di$ided" )erged" aboli%#ed or it% bo&ndary %&b%tantially
altered by la! or by an ordinance of t#e Sangg&niang
Panlala!igan or Sangg&niang Panl&ng%od. W#ere a
barangay i% created by an ordinance of t#e Sangg&niang
Panlala!igan" t#e reco))endation of t#e Sangg&niang
Bayan concerned %#all be nece%%ary.

c. =ubstanti!e ReBuisites:
1. Po&lation/ at lea%t 7@@@ in#abitant%
4
+,'cet in citie% and )&nicialitie% !it#in Fetro
Fanila or in #ig#ly &rbani(ed citie%)&%t be at
lea%t =@@@ in#abitant%
7. Inco)e/ no )ini)&) inco)e re;&ire)ent
9. Land Area/ no )ini)&) re;&ire)ent" b&t it
)&%t be contig&o&% b&t it need not be
contig&o&% if t#e barangay i% co)ri%ed !it#
t!o or )ore i%land%.
NOT%:
+T#e creation of t#e ne! barangay %#all not #o!e$er red&ce
t#e o&lation of t#e original barangay to le%% t#an t#e
)ini)&) re;&ire)ent re%cribed in t#e Code. BSec.93."
L-CC
2. Creation of unicipalities
a. Role: %er$e% ri)arily a% a general &ro%e
go$ern)ent for t#e coordination and deli$ery of ba%ic" reg&lar
and direct %er$ice% and effecti$e go$ernance of t#e
in#abitant% !it#in it% territorial ?&ri%diction.

b. C.o creates: )ay be created" di$ided" )erged"
aboli%#ed or it% bo&ndary %&b%tantially altered only by an act
of Congre%% %&b?ect to t#e criteria e%tabli%#ed by t#e Code.

1. Po&lation/ at lea%t 7="@@@ in#abitant%
7. Inco)e/ a$erage ann&al inco)e of at lea%t
P7.= )illion for t#e la%t t!o con%ec&ti$e year%
ba%ed on t#e 1221 con%tant rice%.
9. Land Area/ a contig&o&% territory of =@ %;&are
4ilo)eter%.
$. Creation of Co&ponent Cities
a. Role# %er$e% ri)arily a% a general &ro%e
go$ern)ent for t#e coordination and deli$ery of ba%ic" reg&lar
and direct %er$ice% and effecti$e go$ernance of t#e
in#abitant% !it#in it% territorial ?&ri%diction.

b. C.o creates# )ay be created" di$ided" )erged
or aboli%#ed" or it% bo&ndary %&b%tantially altered only by an
act of Congre%% %&b?ect to t#e criteria ro$ided in t#e Code.

1. Po&lation/ at lea%t 1=@"@@@ in#abitant%
7. Inco)e/ at lea%t P1@@ )illion for t#e la%t t!o
con%ec&ti$e year%
9. Land Area/ contig&o&% territory of at lea%t
1@@ %;&are 4ilo)eter%
NOT%:
+T#e Internal Re$en&e Allot)ent% %#all be incl&ded
in t#e co)&tation of t#e a$erage ann&al inco)e of t#e
)&niciality for &ro%e% of deter)ining !#et#er t#e
)&niciality )ay be $alidly con$erted into a city. Inco)e i%
defined in t#e L-C to be all re$en&e% and receit% collected
or recei$ed for)ing t#e gro%% accretion% of f&nd% of t#e local
go$ern)ent &nit. T#e IRA% are reg&lar and rec&rring inco)e
and not )erely %ecial f&nd% or tran%fer% andDor b&dgetary
aid% fro) t#e national go$ern)ent or non/rec&rring inco)e.
T#e IRA% reg&larly and a&to)atically accr&e to t#e local
trea%&ry !it#o&t need of any f&rt#er action on t#e art of t#e
local go$ern)ent &nit (Alvarez vs. Guingona, ! SCRA
6"!).
'. Con!ersion of a Co&ponent Cit* into a 7i5.l*
Urbani1e, Cit*
a. If a co)onent city %#all #a$e )et t#e )ini)&)
re;&ire)ent% for a #ig#ly &rbani(ed city" it %#all be t#e d&ty of
t#e Pre%ident to declare t#e city a% #ig#ly &rbani(ed city
&on6 B1C roer alication and B7C &on ratification in a
lebi%cite by t#e )a?ority of regi%tered $oter% t#erein.

b. =ubstanti!e ReBuisites:
1. Po&lation/ at lea%t 7@@"@@@ in#abitant%
7. Inco)e/ at lea%t P=@ )illion
+. Creation of Pro!inces
a. Role# a% a olitical and cororate &nit of
go$ern)ent" it %er$e% a% a dyna)ic )ec#ani%) for
de$elo)ent roce%%e% and effecti$e go$ernance of local
go$ern)ent &nit% !it#in it% territorial ?&ri%diction.

b. C.o creates# )ay be created" di$ided" )erged"
or aboli%#ed" or it% bo&ndary %&b%tantially altered" only by an
act of Congre%%" %&b?ect to t#e %ati%faction of t#e criteria %et
fort# by t#e L-C.

c. =ubstanti!e ReBuire&ents:
1. Po&lation/ not le%% t#an 7=@"@@@ in#abitant%
7. Inco)e/ a$erage ann&al inco)e of at lea%t
P7@ )illion
3. Land Area/ a contig&o&% territory of at lea%t
7@@@ %;&are 4ilo)eter%
NOT%:
+BP 33=" !#ic# created t#e Pro$ince of Negro% del
Norte !a% declared &ncon%tit&tional beca&%e it did not co)ly
!it# t#e land area criterion re%cribed &nder t#e L-C. T#e
&%e of t#e !ord territory in Sec. 10 of t#e L-C refer% only to
t#e #y%ical )a%% of land area" not to t#e !ater% co)ri%ing a
olitical entity. It e'cl&de% t#e !ater% o$er !#ic# t#e olitical
&nit e'erci%e% control (#an vs. Comele$, 1% SCRA 77).
9. =tatus of =ub#pro!inces
,'i%ting %&b/ro$ince% are con$erted into reg&lar
ro$ince% &on t#e aro$al by a )a?ority $ote% ca%t in a
lebi%cite to be #eld in t#e %aid %&b/ro$ince and t#e original
ro$ince directly affected. BSec.:.7" L-CC
8. Autono&ous Re5ions
T#e P#iliine Con%tit&tion )andate% t#e creation of
a&tono)o&% region% in F&%li) Findanao and in t#e
Cordillera% con%i%ting of ro$ince%" citie%" )&nicialitie%" and
geogra#ical area% %#aring co))on and di%tincti$e #i%torical
and c&lt&ral #eritage" and econo)ic and %ocial c&lt&re%.
BSec.1=" Art.1@" PCC

NOT%:
+RA .09:" t#e organic act e%tabli%#ing t#e
A&tono)o&% Regional -o$ern)ent of F&%li) Findanao !a%
#eld $alid by t#e S&re)e Co&rt. (&a'u (ir)ausi Abbas vs.
C*M+L+C, 17" SCRA 87). <o!e$er" t#e %ole Pro$ince of
If&gao !#ic#" in t#e lebi%cite" alone $oted in fa$or of RA
.0.." cannot $alidly con%tit&te t#e A&tono)o&% Region of t#e
Cordillera%. (*r)illo vs. C*M+L+C, 1" SCRA 100)
0. =pecial etropolitan Political =ub,i!isions
T#e Congre%% )ay" by la!" create %ecial )etroolitan
olitical %&bdi$i%ion%" b&t t#e co)onent citie% and
)&nicialitie% %#all retain t#eir ba%ic a&tono)y and %#all be
entitled to t#eir o!n local e'ec&ti$e% and legi%lati$e
a%%e)blie%. T#e ?&ri%diction of t#e )etroolitan a&t#ority t#at
!ill be t#ereby created %#all be li)ited to ba%ic %er$ice%
re;&iring coordination. BSec. 11" Art. G" PCC
5
NOT,6
+Wit# t#e a%%age of RA 027:" Fetroolitan Fanila
!a% declared a% a 5%ecial de$elo)ent and ad)ini%trati$e
regionH and t#e ad)ini%tration of 5)etro!ide ba%ic %er$ice%
affecting t#e region !a% laced &nder a 5de$elo)ent
a&t#orityH referred to a% t#e Fetroolitan Fanila 8e$elo)ent
A&t#ority BFF8AC" !#o%e f&nction% !ere !it#o&t re?&dice to
t#e a&tono)y of t#e affected local go$ern)ent &nit%. T#e la!
doe% not grant olice nor legi%lati$e o!er% to FF8A. ,$en
t#e Fetro Fanila Co&ncil" t#e go$erning board of t#e FF8A"
#a% not been delegated any legi%lati$e o!er. Clearly" FF8A
i% not a olitical &nit. T#ere i% no grant of a&t#ority to enact
ordinance% and reg&lation% for t#e general !elfare of t#e
in#abitant% of t#e )etrooli%. FF8A cannot oen for &blic
&%e a ri$ate road in a ri$ate %&bdi$i%ion (MM&A vs. ,el-Air
.illage Asso$ia'ion, /n$., G.R. 0o. 11!"6, Mar$2 7,
000).
6. AttacD a5ainst in!ali,it* of incorporation
No collateral attac4 %#all lie* an in;&iry into t#e legal
e'i%tence of a )&nicial cororation i% re%er$ed to t#e State
in a roceeding for ;&o !arranto or ot#er direct roceeding.
B&t t#i% r&le alie% only !#en t#e )&nicial cororation i%" at
lea%t" a de facto )&nicial cororation.
1@. PL%BI=CIT% R%"UIR%%NT: W#o %#all articiate
Sec. 1@ of t#e L-C ro$ide% t#at t#e creation" di$i%ion
and )erger" abolition or %&b%tantial alteration of t#e
bo&ndarie% of local go$ern)ent &nit% )&%t be aro$ed by a
)a?ority of $ote% ca%t in a lebi%cite in t#e olitical &nit or
&nit% directly affected. S&c# lebi%cite %#all be cond&cted by
t#e COF,L,C !it#in 17@ day% fro) t#e date of t#e effecti$ity
of t#e la!. T#e co)letion of t#e &blication of t#e la!
%#o&ld be t#e rec4oning oint in deter)ining t#e 17@/day
eriod !it#in !#ic# to cond&ct t#e lebi%cite" not fro) t#e
date of it% aro$al !#en t#e la! #ad not yet been &bli%#ed.
Since &blication i% indi%en%able for t#e effecti$ity of a la!" a
lebi%cite can be %c#ed&led only after t#e la! creating a city
too4 effect. (Ca3aling vs. C*M+L+C, *$'. 6, 00)
T#e lebi%cite for t#e creation of a ne! ro$ince or
)&niciality %#all incl&de t#e articiation of t#e re%ident% of
t#e )ot#er ro$ince or )ot#er )&niciality in order to
confor) to t#e con%tit&tional re;&ire)ent. (4a)illa vs.
C*M+L+C, 1% SCRA 71!)
+In t#e con$er%ion of a )&niciality into a co)onent
city" #o!e$er" only t#e regi%tered $oter% of t#e )&niciality
%o&g#t to be con$erted into a co)onent city" %#all articiate
in t#e lebi%cite.
=u&&ar* of =ubstanti!e ReBuire&ents in t.e Creation of
LGUs
L-U Created Inco)e Po&lation Land area
Barangay
No )ini)&)
re;&ire)ent
7"@@@ b&t
="@@@ for
Fetro
Fanila and
#ig#ly
&rbani(ed
citie%
No )ini)&)
re;&ire)ent
F&niciality P7.= )illion 7="@@@" and =@ %;.4)
Co)onent
City
P1@@ )illion 1=@"@@@ or 1@@ %;.4).
<ig#ly
Urbani(ed
City
P=@ )illion 7@@"@@@
No )ini)&)
re;&ire)ent
Pro$ince P7@ )illion 7=@"@@@ or 7"@@@ %;.4).
11. Be5innin5 of Corporate %Aistence
W#en a ne! local go$ern)ent &nit i% created" it%
cororate e'i%tence %#all co))ence &on t#e election and
;&alification of it% c#ief e'ec&ti$e and a )a?ority )e)ber% of
t#e Sangg&nian" &nle%% %o)e ot#er date i% fi'ed t#erefore by
la! or ordinance creating it. BSec.1:" L-CC
12. (i!ision an, er5er of LGUs
T#e di$i%ion and )erger of local go$ern)ent &nit%
%#all co)ly !it# t#e %a)e re;&ire)ent% for t#eir creation.
T#e inco)e" o&lation or land area %#all not be red&ced to
le%% t#an t#e )ini)&) re;&ire)ent%. Li4e!i%e" t#e inco)e
cla%%ification of t#e original local go$ern)ent &nit %#all not fall
belo! it% c&rrent inco)e cla%%ification rior to %&c# di$i%ion.
BSec.3" L-CC
1$. Abolition of LGUs
A local go$ern)ent &nit )ay be aboli%#ed !#en it%
inco)e" o&lation or land area #a% been irre$er%ibly red&ced
to le%% t#an t#e )ini)&) %tandard% re%cribed for it% creation
&nder t#e L-C" a% certified by t#e national agencie% to
Congre%% or to t#e Sangg&nian concerned. Li4e!i%e" t#e la!
or" ordinance aboli%#ing an L-U %#all %ecify t#e ro$ince"
city" )&niciality" or barangay !it# !#ic# t#e local
go$ern)ent &nit %o&g#t to be aboli%#ed !ill be incororated
or )erged. BSec.2" L-CC
1'. %ffects of AnneAation)Consoli,ation of unicipal
Corporations
1. On t#e legal e'i%tence of t#e territory
anne'ed/ Unle%% ot#er!i%e ro$ided for by
la!" t#e anne'ation of one )&nicial
cororation to anot#er !ill di%%ol$e t#e
anne'ed territory. It %#all beco)e art of t#e
anne'ing cororation and !ill fall &nder t#e
?&ri%diction of t#e latter.
7. On t#e la!% and ordinance% of t#e anne'ed
cororation/ In t#e ab%ence of any ro$i%ion
of la! to t#e contrary" !#en a territory i%
anne'ed to a )&nicial cororation" it %#all
beco)e %&b?ect to all t#e la!% and ordinance%
by !#ic# t#e anne'ing cororation i%
go$erned.
9. On t#e rig#t of officer% or e)loyee% of t#e
anne'ed or con%olidated territory to contin&e
to #old t#eir office%/ S&b?ect to !#at t#e
legi%lat&re )ay ro$ide &on anne'ation" t#e
officer% and e)loyee% of t#e anne'ed or
con%olidated territory %#all ter)inate t#eir
official relation !it# t#eir office%.
:. On t#e title to t#e roerty of t#e anne'ed
territory/ W#en a )&nicial cororation i%
anne'ed to anot#er" t#e anne'ing territory
%#all ac;&ire title to t#e roerty of t#e
anne'ed territory at t#e ti)e of anne'ation
!it#o&t co)en%ation &nle%% t#e anne'ing
%tat&te ro$ide% ot#er!i%e. W#ere t#e
anne'ed territory" #o!e$er" for)% art of a
)&niciality fro) !#ic# it i% ta4en" t#e
legi%lat&re )ay ro$ide for t#e ay)ent of
co)en%ation for t#e indebtedne%% inc&rred
on acco&nt of t#e roerty ta4en.
Wit# regard to &blic b&ilding% and
i)ro$e)ent% located in t#e
anne'ed territory" t#e anne'ing territory i% not
re;&ired to ay for %aid b&ilding% or
i)ro$e)ent% a% t#ey #a$e already been aid
for by t#e anne'ed territory. It !o&ld be
ot#er!i%e if t#ere e'i%t% an indebtedne%% on
%aid b&ilding% in !#ic# ca%e" t#e anne'ing
6
%tate )ay be re;&ired to %#are in t#e ay)ent
of %aid indebtedne%%.
=. On t#e debt% and obligation% of t#e anne'ed
territory/ It #a% been %tated t#at debt% and
obligation% of a )&nicial cororation
contracted before it% anne'ation to anot#er
territory %#all be a%%&)ed by t#e anne'ing
territory in t#e ab%ence of any ro$i%ion to t#e
contrary. T#e %a)e r&le alie% of
con%olidation !#ere t#e con%olidating
)&nicial cororation i% #eld re%on%ible for
t#e indebtedne%% and obligation% inc&rred by
t#e territorie% !#ic# are con%olidated.
1+. %ffects of (i!ision of LGUs
On t#e legal e'i%tence of t#e original cororation6 T#e
di$i%ion of )&nicial cororation e'ting&i%#e% t#e cororate
e'i%tence of t#e original )&niciality.
On t#e roerty" o!er% and rig#t% of t#e original
cororation6 Unle%% t#e la! ro$ide% ot#er!i%e" !#en a
)&nicial cororation i% di$ided into t!o or )ore
)&nicialitie%" eac# )&niciality ac;&ire% title to all t#e
roerty" o!er%" rig#t% and obligation% falling !it#in it%
territorial ?&ri%diction.
I@. G%N%RAL POC%R= AN( ATTRIBUT%= O/ LGUs
A. Po-ers in 5eneral
1. =ources:
a. Sec. 7=" Art II6 Sec%. =". and 0" Art. G" P#iliine
Con%tit&tion
b. Stat&te%" e.g." R.A. 01.@
c. C#arter Bartic&larly of citie%C
d. 8octrine of t#e rig#t of %elf/go$ern)ent" b&t alie%
only in State% !#ic# ad#ere to t#e doctrine.

2. Classifications:
a. ,'re%%" i)lied and in#erent
b. P&blic or go$ern)ental" ri$ate or rorietary
c. Intra)&ral or e'tra)&ral
d. Fandatory and directory" )ini%terial and di%cretionary
9. ,'ec&tion of o!er%6
a. W#ere t#e %tat&te re%cribe% t#e )anner of e'erci%e"
t#e roced&re )&%t be follo!ed.
b. W#ere t#e %tat&te i% %ilent" local go$ern)ent &nit%
#a$e di%cretion to %elect rea%onable )ean% and )et#od% of
e'erci%e.
B. GO@%RN%NTAL POC%R=:
1. General Celfare Clause# t#e %tat&tory grant of olice
o!er to local go$ern)ent &nit%.
2Li&itations:
a. ,'re%% grant by la!
b. ,'erci%able only !it#in t#e territorial li)it% of t#e L-U"
e'cet for rotection of !ater %&ly
c. ,;&al rotection cla&%e
d. 8&e roce%% cla&%e
e. F&%t not be contrary to t#e Con%tit&tion and t#e la!%.
NOT%:
A local go$ern)ent &nit )ay e'erci%e delegated
go$ern)ental o!er%6
+Police o!er B&nder t#e -eneral Welfare Cla&%eC
+ Po!er of Ta'ation
+ Po!er of ,)inent 8o)ain
a. ReBuisites for t.e !ali,it* of a &unicipal or,inance:
1. F&%t not contra$ene t#e Con%tit&tion and any
%tat&te*
7. F&%t not be &nfair or ore%%i$e*
9. F&%t not be artial or di%cri)inatory*
:. F&%t not ro#ibit" b&t )ay reg&late trade !#ic# i%
not illegal er %e*
=. F&%t not be &nrea%onable* and
.. F&%t be general in alication and con%i%tent !it#
&blic olicy.
+An ordinance e'tending b&rial a%%i%tance of P=@@ to a
berea$ed fa)ily !#o%e gro%% inco)e doe% not e'ceed
P7"@@@ a )ont#" #a% been &#eld by t#e S&re)e Co&rt a% a
$alid e'erci%e of olice o!er. T#i% o!er i% organic and
fle'ible. T#e care for t#e oor i% generally recogni(ed a% a
&blic d&ty. T#e %&ort for t#e oor #a% long been an
acceted e'erci%e of olice o!er in t#e ro)otion of
co))on good. T#e olice o!er of a )&nicial cororation
i% broad and co))en%&rate !it# t#e d&ty to ro$ide for t#e
real need% of t#e eole in t#eir #ealt#" %afety" co)fort" and
con$enience a% con%i%tently a% )ay be !it# ri$ate rig#t%. It
e'tend% to all t#e great &blic need% and in a broad %en%e
incl&de% all legi%lation and al)o%t e$ery f&nction of t#e
)&nicial go$ern)ent. (,ina5 vs. &omingo, 01 SCRA
!08)
2. Basic =er!ices an, /acilities:
I10" L-CBaC Local go$ern)ent &nit% %#all endea$or to
be %elf/reliant and %#all contin&e e'erci%ing t#e o!er% and
di%c#arging t#e d&tie% and f&nction% c&rrently $e%ted &on
t#e). T#ey %#all al%o di%c#arge t#e f&nction% and
re%on%ibilitie% of national agencie% and office% de$ol$ed to
t#e) &r%&ant to t#i% Code. Local go$ern)ent &nit% %#all
li4e!i%e e'erci%e %&c# ot#er o!er% and di%c#arge %&c#
ot#er f&nction% and re%on%ibilitie% a% are nece%%ary"
aroriate" or incidental to efficient and effecti$e ro$i%ion of
t#e ba%ic %er$ice% and facilitie% en&)erated &nder t#e Code.
+8e$ol&tion refer% to t#e act by !#ic# t#e national
go$ern)ent confer% o!er% and a&t#ority &on t#e $ario&%
local go$ern)ent &nit% to erfor) %ecific f&nction% and
re%on%ibilitie%. T#i% incl&de% t#e tran%fer to t#e local
go$ern)ent &nit% of t#e record%" e;&i)ent and ot#er a%%et%
and er%onnel of national agencie% and office%.
$. Po-er to 5enerate an, appl* resources 3E10> LGC4
T#e e'erci%e by local go$ern)ent% of t#e o!er to ta'
i% ordained by t#e re%ent Con%tit&tion BI=" Art. G" P#il.
Con%tit&tionC. Only g&ideline% and li)itation% t#at )ay be
e%tabli%#ed by Congre%% can define and li)it %&c# o!er of
local go$ern)ent%. B&t local go$ern)ent% #a$e no o!er to
ta' in%tr&)entalitie% of t#e National -o$ern)ent. PA-COR
being an in%tr&)entality of t#e National -o$ern)ent i%
t#erefore e'e)t fro) local ta'e%. (,as$o vs. 4AGC*R,
1"7 SCRA !)
2ain =ources of Re!enues of LGUs
A. Under t#e Con%tit&tion
1. ta'e%" fee% and c#arge% BI=" Art. GC
2. %#are in t#e national ta'e%/ Internal
Re$en&e Allot)ent
$. %#are in t#e roceed% of t#e &tili(ation
and de$elo)ent of t#e national !ealt#
!it#in t#eir area% BI0" Art. GC
B. Under t#e Local -o$ern)ent Code
1. floating of bond%
2. grant%Daid%
7
+All L-U% are e)o!ered to create t#eir o!n %o&rce% of
re$en&e and to le$y ta'e%" fee% and c#arge% %&b?ect to t#e
ro$i%ion% on local ta'ation con%i%tent !it# t#e ba%ic olicy of
local a&tono)y. T#e Sangg&nian concerned t#ro&g# an
ordinance #a% t#e o!er to i)o%e a ta'" fee or c#arge. T#e
roced&ral re;&ire)ent% of &blic #earing and &blication
)&%t be ob%er$ed for &ro%e% of co)liance !it# t#e
re;&ire)ent% of d&e roce%%.
C. /un,a&ental Principles on Local taAation
1. Ta'ation %#all be &nifor) in eac# local go$ern)ent
&nit*
7. Ta'e%" fee%" c#arge% and ot#er i)o%ition% %#all6
a. be e;&itable and ba%ed a% far a% racticable on t#e
ta'ayer1% ability to ay*
b. be le$ied and collected only for &blic &ro%e%*
c. not be &n?&%t" e'ce%%i$e" ore%%i$e or
confi%catory*
d. not be contrary to la!" &blic olicy" national
econo)ic olicy" or in re%traint of trade.
9. T#e collection of ta'e%" fee%" c#arge% and ot#er
i)o%ition% %#all in no ca%e be let to any ri$ate
er%on%*
:. T#e re$en&e collected &r%&ant to t#e ro$i%ion% of
t#e L-C %#all in&re %olely to t#e benefit of" and be
%&b?ect to di%o%ition by" t#e local go$ern)ent &nit
le$ying t#e ta'" fee" c#arge or ot#er i)o%ition
&nle%% ot#er!i%e %ecifically ro$ided #erein* and
=. ,ac# local go$ern)ent &nit %#all" a% far a%
racticable" e$ol$e a rogre%%i$e %y%te) of
ta'ation.
NOT%=:
2=.ares of LGUs in t.e procee,s of national taAes
T#e %#are of t#e L-U in Internal Re$en&e Ta'e% i%
:@J. T#e :@J IRA i% allocated to L-U% a% follo!%6 for
ro$ince% and citie%/ 79J* for )&nicialitie%/ 9:J* for
barangay%/ 7@J.
No le%% t#an 7@J of t#e IRA i% allotted for
de$elo)ent ro?ect by t#e local &nit fro) t#e IRA.
2=.ares in National Cealt.
:@J of t#e gro%% collection fro) )ining ta'e%"
royaltie%" fore%try and fi%#ery c#arge%" and fro) eac# %#are in
any ?oint effort in &tili(ing and de$eloing t#e national !ealt#
!it#in t#e L-U1% ?&ri%diction and %#all be re)itted !it#o&t
need for f&rt#er action to t#e local trea%&rer on a ;&arterly
ba%i% !it#in fi$e day% after t#e end of e$ery ;&arter.
L-U% %#all recei$e 1J of t#e gro%% %ale or receit% of
t#e receding calendar year and :@J of ta'e%" fee% or
c#arge% t#at -OCC% !o&ld #a$e aid if not ta' e'e)t"
!#ic#e$er i% #ig#er.
27o- National Cealt. is (istribute,
If t#e national !ealt# i% located in one ro$ince" t#e
ro$ince %#all recei$e 7@J" t#e co)onent cityD)&niciality
%#all recei$e :=J and t#e barangay% 9=J.
If t#e national !ealt# i% located in t!o or )ore L-U%"
di%trib&tion %#all be ba%ed on t#e follo!ing6 o&lation/ 0@J
and land area/ 9@J.
If t#e national !ealt# i% located in #ig#ly &rbani(ed city
or indeendent co)onent city" t#e <UC or ICC %#all recei$e
.=J and t#e barangay% %#all recei$e 9=J.
(. /un,a&ental Principles of Local /iscal
A,&inistration
1. No )oney %#all be aid o&t of t#e local trea%&ry
e'cet in &r%&ance of an aroriation ordinance or la!*
7. Local go$ern)ent f&nd% and )onie% %#all be
%ent %olely for &blic &ro%e%*
9. Local re$en&e i% generated only fro) t#e %o&rce%
e're%%ly a&t#ori(ed by la! or ordinance" and collection
t#ereof %#all at all ti)e% be ac4no!ledged roerly*
:. All )onie% officially recei$ed by a local
go$ern)ent officer in any caacity or on any occa%ion %#all
be acco&nted for a% local f&nd%" &nle%% ot#er!i%e ro$ided by
la!*
=. Tr&%t f&nd% in t#e local trea%&ry %#all not be aid
o&t e'cet in f&lfill)ent of t#e &ro%e for !#ic# t#e tr&%t i%
created or t#e f&nd% recei$ed.
.. ,$ery officer of t#e local go$ern)ent &nit !#o%e
d&tie% er)it or re;&ire t#e o%%e%%ion or c&%tody of local
f&nd% %#all be roerly bonded" and %&c# officer %#all be
acco&ntable and re%on%ible for %aid f&nd% and for t#e
%afe4eeing t#ereof in confor)ity !it# t#e ro$i%ion% of la!.
0. Local go$ern)ent% %#all for)&late %o&nd financial
lan%" and t#e local b&dget% %#all be ba%ed on f&nction%"
acti$itie% and ro?ect%" in ter)% of e'ected re%&lt%.
3. Local b&dget lan% and goal% %#all" a% far a%
racticable" be #ar)oni(ed !it# national de$elo)ent lan%"
goal% and %trategie% in order to oti)i(e t#e &tili(ation of
re%o&rce% and to a$oid d&lication in t#e &%e of fi%cal and
#y%ical re%o&rce%.
2. Local b&dget% %#all oerationali(e aro$ed
de$elo)ent lan%.
1@. Local go$ern)ent &nit% %#all en%&re t#at t#eir
re%ecti$e b&dget% incororate t#e re;&ire)ent% of t#eir
co)onent &nit% and ro$ide for e;&itable allocation of
re%o&rce% a)ong t#e%e co)onent &nit%.
11. National lanning %#all be ba%ed on local
lanning to en%&re t#at t#e need% and a%iration% of t#e
eole a% artic&lated by t#e local go$ern)ent &nit% in t#eir
re%ecti$e local de$elo)ent lan% are con%idered in t#e
for)&lation of b&dget% of national line agencie% or office%.
17. >i%cal re%on%ibility %#all be %#ared by all t#o%e
e'erci%ing a&t#ority o$er t#e financial affair%" tran%action%"
and oeration% of t#e local go$ern)ent &nit%.
19. T#e local go$ern)ent &nit %#all endea$or to #a$e
a balanced b&dget in eac# fi%cal year of oeration.
'. %&inent (o&ain 3E16> LGC4
T#e o!er to e'roriate ri$ate roerty #a% been
delegated by Congre%% to L-U% &nder I12" L-C. T#e
e'erci%e by L-U% of t#e o!er of e)inent do)ain are %&b?ect
to t#e &%&al con%tit&tional li)itation% %&c# a% nece%%ity"
ri$ate roerty" ta4ing" &blic &%e" ?&%t co)en%ation and
d&e roce%% of la!.
T#e deter)ination of !#et#er t#ere i% gen&ine
nece%%ity for t#e e'erci%e of t#e o!er of e)inent do)ain i% a
?&%ticiable ;&e%tion !#en e'erci%ed by t#e L-U% and
generally a olitical ;&e%tion !#en e'erci%ed by Congre%%.
NOT%:
Pri$ate roerty already de$oted to &blic &%e can %till be a
%&b?ect of e'roriation by Congre%% b&t not by L-U%.
T#e additional li)itation% on t#e e'erci%e of t#e o!er of
e)inent do)ain by L-U% are" a% follo!%6
1. ,'erci%ed only by t#e local c#ief e'ec&ti$e" acting &r%&ant
to a $alid ordinance*
7. >or &blic &%e or &ro%e or !elfare" for t#e benefit of t#e
oor and t#e landle%%*
9. Only after a $alid and definite offer #ad been )ade to" and
not acceted by" t#e o!ner*
:. An L-U %#all file a co)laint for e'roriation on t#e
%trengt# of an ordinance and not a )ere re%ol&tion a%%ed by
t#e Sangg&nian. BF&niciality of Parana;&e $%. EF Realty
Cor." 727 SCRA .0.C
8
+T#e ro)&lgation of t#e ordinance a&t#ori(ing t#e local
c#ief e'ec&ti$e to e'erci%e t#e o!er )&%t be ro)&lgated
rior to t#e filing of t#e co)laint for e)inent do)ain !it# t#e
roer co&rt" and not after t#e co&rt %#all #a$e deter)ined
t#e a)o&nt of ?&%t co)en%ation to !#ic# t#e defendant i%
entitled. (6eirs o7 Sugui'an vs. Ci'5 o7 Man)alu5ong, 18
SCRA 117)
NOT%:
+An L-U )ay i))ediately ta4e o%%e%%ion of t#e roerty
&on filing of e'roriation roceeding% and deo%it in co&rt
of 1=J of t#e >FE of t#e roerty.

+. Ot.er po-ers
a. Reclassification of lan,s 3E2:> RA 819:4
A city or )&niciality )ay" t#ro&g# an ordinance
a%%ed after cond&cting &blic #earing% for t#e
&ro%e" )ay a&t#ori(e t#e recla%%ification of
agric&lt&ral land% and ro$ide for t#e )anner of
t#eir &tili(ation or t#eir di%o%ition6
i. W#en t#e land cea%e% to be econo)ically
fea%ible and %o&nd for agric&lt&ral
&ro%e% a% deter)ined by t#e
8eart)ent of Agric&lt&re*
ii. W#ere t#e land %#all #a$e %&b%tantially
greater econo)ic $al&e for re%idential"
co))ercial or ind&%trial &ro%e% a%
deter)ined by t#e %angg&nian* provided t#at
%&c# recla%%ification %#all be li)ited to t#e
follo!ing ercentage of t#e total agric&lt&ral
land area at t#e ti)e of t#e a%%age of t#e
ordinance6
+for #ig#ly &rbani(ed citie% and indeendent
co)onent citie%6 1=J
+for co)onent citie% and 1
%t
to 9
rd
cla%%
)&nicialitie%6 1@J
+for :
t#
and .
t#
cla%% )&nicialitie%6 =J
Provided t#at agric&lt&ral land di%trib&ted to land refor)
beneficiarie% %#all not be affected by %&c# recla%%ification.
b. Closure an, openin5 of roa,s 3E21> RA 819:4
A local go$ern)ent &nit )ay" &r%&ant to
an ordinance" er)anent or te)orarily clo%e or oen any
local road" alley" ar4" or %;&are falling !it#in it% ?&ri%diction"
ro$ided t#at in ca%e of er)anent clo%&re" %&c# ordinance
)&%t be aro$ed by at lea%t 7D9 of all t#e )e)ber% of t#e
%angg&nian" and !#en nece%%ary" and ade;&ate %&b%tit&te
for t#e &blic facility %#all be ro$ided.
NOT%:
+Additional li)itation% in ca%e of er)anent clo%&re6
i. Ade;&ate ro$i%ion for t#e )aintenance of &blic
%afety )&%t be )ade*
ii. T#e roerty )ay be &%ed or con$eyed for any
&ro%e for !#ic# ot#er real roerty )ay be
la!f&lly &%ed or con$eyed" b&t no freedo) ar4
%#all be clo%ed er)anently !it#o&t ro$i%ion for it%
tran%fer or relocation to a ne! %ite.
+Te)orary clo%&re )ay be )ade d&ring an act&al
e)ergency" fie%ta celebration%" &blic rallie%" etc.
c. Na&in5 of LGUs> public places> streets an,
structures
1. Pro!inces/ T#e %angg&niang anlala!igan )ay
c#ange t#e na)e of t#e follo!ing !it#in it% territorial
?&ri%diction6
i. Co)onent citie% and )&nicialitie%"
&on t#e reco))endation of t#e %angg&niang
concerned*
ii. Pro$incial road%" a$en&e%" bo&le$ard%"
t#oro&g#fare% and bridge%*
iii. P&blic $ocational or tec#nical %c#ool%
and ot#er o%t %econdary and tertiary %c#ool%*
i$. Pro$incial #o%ital%" #ealt# center%"
and ot#er #ealt# facilitie%* and
$. Any ot#er &blic lace or b&ilding
o!ned by t#e ro$incial go$ern)ent.
2. 7i5.l* Urbani1e, an, In,epen,ent
Co&ponent Cities# T#e %angg&nian% of <UC% and ICC%
)ay c#ange t#e na)e of t#e follo!ing !it#in it% territorial
?&ri%diction6
i. City barangay%" &on t#e
reco))endation of t#e %angg&niang barangay
concerned*
ii. City road%" a$en&e%" bo&le$ard%"
t#oro&g#fare%" and bridge%*
iii. P&blic ele)entary" %econdary and
$ocational or tec#nical %c#ool%" co))&nity college%
and non/c#artered college%*
i$. City #o%ital%" #ealt# center% and
ot#er #ealt# facilitie%* and
o!ned by t#e city go$ern)ent.
$. Co&ponent Cities an, unicipalities# T#e
%angg&nian% of co)onent citie% and )&nicialitie% )ay
c#ange t#e na)e of t#e follo!ing !it#in it% territorial
?&ri%diction6
i. City and )&nicial barangay%" &on
reco))endation of t#e %angg&niang barangay
concerned*
ii. City" )&nicial and barangay road%"
a$en&e%" bo&le$ard%" t#oro&g#fare%" and bridge%*
iii. City and )&nicial &blic ele)entary"
%econdary and $ocational or tec#nical %c#ool%"
o%t/%econdary and ot#er tertiary %c#ool%*
i$. City and )&nicial #o%ital%" #ealt#
center% and ot#er #ealt# facilitie%* and
o!ned by t#e )&nicial go$ern)ent.
NOT%=:
+None of t#e foregoing local go$ern)ent &nit%" in%tit&tion%"
lace%" or b&ilding% %#all be na)ed after a li$ing er%on" nor
)ay a c#ange of na)e be )ade &nle%% for a ?&%tifiable
rea%on and" in any ca%e" not oftener t#an once e$ery ten
year%. T#e na)e of a local go$ern)ent &nit or a &blic lace"
%treet or %tr&ct&re !it# #i%torical" c&lt&ral" or et#nic
%ignificance %#all not be c#anged" &nle%% by a &nani)o&%
$ote of t#e %angg&nian concerned and in con%&ltation !it# t#e
P#iliine <i%torical Co))i%%ion.
+A c#ange of na)e of a &blic %c#ool %#all be )ade only
&on t#e reco))endation of t#e local %c#ool board
concerned.
+A c#ange of na)e of &blic #o%ital%" #ealt# center%" and
ot#er #ealt# facilitie% %#all be )ade only &on t#e
reco))endation of t#e local #ealt# board concerned.
+T#e c#ange of na)e of any local go$ern)ent &nit %#all be
effecti$e only &on ratification in a lebi%cite cond&cted for
t#e &ro%e in t#e olitical &nit directly affected.
9
+In any c#ange of na)e" t#e Office of t#e Pre%ident" t#e
rere%entati$e of t#e legi%lati$e di%trict concerned" and t#e
B&rea& of Po%t% %#all be notified. BI19" L-CC
,. =ettle&ent of boun,ar* ,isputes 3E110 a#,>
RA 819:4:
Bo&ndary di%&te% bet!een and a)ong
local go$ern)ent &nit% %#all" a% )&c# a% o%%ible"
be %ettled a)icably. To t#i% end6
a. Bo&ndary di%&te% in$ol$ing t!o
or )ore barangay% in t#e %a)e
city or )&niciality %#all be
referred for %ettle)ent to t#e
%angg&niang anl&ng%od or
%angg&niang bayan concerned.
b. Bo&ndary di%&te% in$ol$ing t!o
or )ore )&nicialitie% !it#in t#e
%a)e ro$ince %#all be referred
for %ettle)ent to t#e
%angg&niang anlala!igan
concerned.
c. Bo&ndary di%&te% in$ol$ing
)&nicialitie% or co)onent
citie% of different ro$ince% %#all
be ?ointly referred for %ettle)ent
to t#e %angg&nian% of t#e
ro$ince% concerned.
d. Bo&ndary di%&te% in$ol$ing a
co)onent city or )&niciality
on t#e one #and and a #ig#ly
&rbani(ed city on t#e ot#er" or
t!o or )ore #ig#ly &rbani(ed
citie%" %#all be ?ointly referred for
%ettle)ent to t#e re%ecti$e
%angg&nian% of t#e artie%.
Proce,ure:
In t#e e$ent t#e %angg&nian fail% to effect an
a)icable %ettle)ent !it#in .@ day% fro) t#e date t#e di%&te
!a% referred t#ereto" it %#all i%%&e a certification to t#at effect.
T#ereafter" t#e di%&te %#all be for)ally tried by t#e
%angg&nian concerned !#ic# %#all decide t#e i%%&e !it#in .@
day% fro) t#e date of t#e certification referred to abo$e.
Wit#in t#e ti)e and )anner re%cribed by t#e R&le%
of Co&rt" any arty )ay ele$ate t#e deci%ion of t#e
%angg&nian concerned" any arty )ay ele$ate t#e deci%ion of
t#e %angg&nian concerned to t#e roer Regional Trial Co&rt
#a$ing ?&ri%diction o$er t#e area in di%&te. T#e Regional
Trial Co&rt %#all decide t#e aeal !it#in one B1C year fro)
t#e filing t#ereof. Pending final re%ol&tion of t#e ca%e" t#e
di%&ted area rior to t#e di%&te %#all be )aintained and
contin&ed for all legal &ro%e%. BI112" L-CC
e. Aut.orit* o!er police units 3E9> Art. F@I>
P.ilippine Constitution4
T#e State %#all e%tabli%# and )aintain one olice
force" !#ic# %#all be national in %coe and ci$ilian in
c#aracter" to be ad)ini%tered and controlled by a National
Police Co))i%%ion. T#e a&t#ority of local e'ec&ti$e% o$er
t#e olice &nit% in t#eir ?&ri%diction %#all be ro$ided by la!.
9. LOCAL L%GI=LATI@% POC%R
A. Pro,ucts of le5islati!e action
1. Or,inance# re%cribe% a r&le of
cond&ct.
7. Resolution# of te)orary c#aracter" or
e're%%e% %enti)ent.
B. ReBuisites for !ali,it*:
1. F&%t not contra$ene t#e Con%tit&tion
and any %tat&te
7. F&%t not be &nfair or ore%%i$e
9. F&%t not be artial or di%cri)inatory
:. F&%t not ro#ibit" b&t )ay reg&late
trade
=. F&%t not be &nrea%onable
.. F&%t be general in alication and
con%i%tent !it# &blic olicy.
Appro!al of or,inances:
Ordinance% a%%ed by t#e %angg&niang
anlala!igan" %angg&niang anl&ng%od or %angg&niang
bayan %#all be aro$ed6
If t#e local c#ief e'ec&ti$e aro$e% t#e %a)e" affi'ing #i%
%ignat&re on eac# and e$ery age t#ereof.
If t#e local c#ief e'ec&ti$e $etoe% t#e %a)e" and t#e $eto i%
o$erridden by 7D9 $ote of all t#e )e)ber% of t#e %angg&nian.
+W#ere etitioner !a% c#arged !it# fal%ification of a &blic
doc&)ent for aro$ing a re%ol&tion !#ic# &rortedly
aroriated )oney to ay for t#e ter)inal lea$e of 7
e)loyee% !#en act&ally no %&c# re%ol&tion !a% a%%ed" t#e
etitioner arg&ed t#at #i% %ignat&re on t#e re%ol&tion !a%
)erely )ini%terial. T#e S&re)e Co&rt di%agreed" %aying
t#at t#e grant of t#e $eto o!er accord% t#e Fayor t#e
di%cretion !#et#er or not to aro$e t#e re%ol&tion. (&e Los
Re5es vs. San)iganba5an, G.R. 111!, 0ov. 11, 1""7)
NOT%=:
1. T#e $ice go$ernor" t#e $ice )ayor and t#e &nong
barangay %#all be t#e re%iding officer of t#e %angg&nian% b&t
%#all $ote only in ca%e of tie.
7. In ca%e of inability of t#e re%iding officer" t#e )e)ber%
%#all elect a te)orary re%iding officer fro) a)ong
t#e)%el$e%. BI:2C
9. >or di%orderly be#a$ior and ab%ence !it#o&t ?&%tifiable
ca&%e for : con%ec&ti$e %e%%ion%" a )e)ber )ay be
cen%&red" reri)anded" e'cl&ded fro) t#e %e%%ion"
%&%ended for not )ore t#an .@ day%" or e'elled.
S&%en%ion or e'&l%ion %#all re;&ire conc&rrence of at lea%t
7D9 of all %angg&nian )e)ber%. A )e)ber %entenced by final
?&dg)ent to i)ri%on)ent for at lea%t one year for a cri)e
in$ol$ing )oral t&rit&de %#all be a&to)atically e'elled.
BI=@C
:. ,$ery %angg&nian )e)ber" &on a%%&)tion of office
%#all )a4e a f&ll di%clo%&re of #i% b&%ine%% and financial
intere%t%. <e %#all al%o di%clo%e any b&%ine%%" financial or
rofe%%ional relation%#i or any relation%#i !it#in t#e :
t#
degree !#ic# #e )ay #a$e !it# anyone affected by any
ordinance or re%ol&tion of t#e %angg&nian !#ic# in$ol$e% a
conflict of intere%t%.
+S&c# relation%#i incl&de%6
i. In$e%t)ent in t#e entity to !#ic# t#e ordinance
)ay aly
ii. Contract% !it# any er%on to !#ic# t#e ordinance
)ay aly
2Conflict of interests refer% to a %it&ation !#ere a
%angg&nian )e)ber )ay not act in t#e &blic intere%t d&e to
er%onal con%ideration t#at )ay affect #i% ?&dg)ent to t#e
re?&dice of t#e &blic. BI=1C
=. A %ecial %e%%ion )ay be called by t#e local c#ief
e'ec&ti$e or a )a?ority of t#e %angg&nian )e)ber%. Unle%%
conc&rred in by 7D9 $ote of t#e )e)ber% re%ent" no )atter
10
)ay be recon%idered at t#e %ecial %e%%ion e'cet t#o%e
%tated in t#e notice. BI=7C
.. A )a?ority of all t#e )e)ber% of t#e %angg&nian %#all
con%tit&te a ;&or&). BI=9C
0. An ordinance %#all be aro$ed by t#e local c#ief
e'ec&ti$e by affi'ing #i% %ignat&re in eac# and e$ery age
t#ereof.
3. T#e go$ernor or )ayor )ay $eto any ite) in t#e follo!ing
ca%e%6
a. Partic&lar ite) or ite)% in an aroriation%
ordinance
b. Ordinance adoting a local de$elo)ent lan and
&blic in$e%t)ent rogra)
c. Ordinance directing t#e ay)ent of )oney or
creating liability. BI==C
2. T#e gro&nd% for $eto are6
a. T#e ordinance i% &ltra $ire%
b. Or t#at it i% re?&dicial to &blic !elfare
1@. T#e $eto %#all be co))&nicated to t#e %angg&nian !it#in
1= day% in t#e ca%e of a ro$ince and 1@ day% in t#e ca%e of a
city or )&niciality* ot#er!i%e" t#e ordinance %#all be dee)ed
aro$ed" a% if #e %igned it. T#e %angg&nian )ay o$erride
t#e $eto by 7D9 of all it% )e)ber%. BI=:C
11. Ordinance% enacted by t#e %angg&niang barangay %#all"
&on aro$al by a )a?ority of all it% )e)ber%" be %igned by
t#e P&nong Barangay. T#e latter #a% no $eto o!er.
17. Re$ie!
a. T#e %angg&niang anlala!igan %#all re$ie!
ordinance% and re%ol&tion of citie% and
)&nicialitie% to deter)ine if t#ey are !it#in t#eir
o!er. BI=.C
Proced&re6
Wit#in 9 day% after aro$al" t#e
%ecretary of t#e %angg&niang anl&ng%od Bin
co)onent citie%C or %angg&niang bayan %#all
for!ard to t#e %angg&niang anlala!igan for re$ie!
coie% of aro$ed ordinance% and re%ol&tion%
aro$ing t#e local de$elo)ent lan% and &blic
in$e%t)ent rogra)% for)&lated by t#e local
de$elo)ent co&ncil%. T#e %angg&niang
anlala!igan %#all re$ie! t#e %a)e !it#in 9@ day%*
if it find% t#at t#e ordinance or re%ol&tion i% beyond
t#e o!er conferred &on t#e %angg&niang
anl&ng%od or %angg&niang bayan concerned" it
%#all declare %&c# ordinance or re%ol&tion in$alid in
!#ole or in art. If no action i% ta4en !it#in 9@
day%" t#e ordinance or re%ol&tion i% re%&)ed
con%i%tent !it# la!" and t#erefore" $alid.
b. T#e %angg&niang anl&ng%od or bayan %#all re$ie!
%angg&niang barangay ordinance% to deter)ine if
t#ey are la!f&l. BI=0C
+Proced&re6
Wit#in 1@ day% fro) enact)ent" t#e %angg&niang
barangay %#all f&rni%# coie% of all barangay ordinance%
to t#e %angg&niang anl&ng%od or %angg&niang bayan
for re$ie!. If t#e re$ie!ing %angg&nian find% t#e
barangay ordinance% incon%i%tent !it# la! or city or
)&nicial ordinance%" t#e %angg&niang concerned %#all"
!it#in 9@ day% fro) receit t#ereof" ret&rn t#e %a)e !it#
it% co))ent% and reco))endation% to t#e %angg&niang
barangay for ad?&%t)ent" a)end)ent or )odification" in
!#ic# ca%e t#e effeti$ity of t#e ordinance i% %&%ended
&ntil t#e re$i%ion called for i% effected. If no action i%
ta4en by t#e %angg&niang anl&ng%od or %angg&niang
bayan !it#in 9@ day%" t#e ordinance i% dee)ed
aro$ed.
1$. %nforce&ent of ,isappro!e, or,inances)resolutions:
Any atte)t to enforce an ordinance or re%ol&tion
aro$ing t#e local de$elo)ent lan and &blic in$e%t)ent
rogra)" after t#e di%aro$al t#ereof" %#all be %&fficient
gro&nd for t#e %&%en%ion or di%)i%%al of t#e official or
e)loyee concerned.
1'. %ffecti!it*
a. Unle%% ot#er!i%e %tated in t#e ordinance" it %#all
ta4e effect after 1@ day% fro) o%ting at t#e
ro$incial caitol or city" )&nicial or barangay #all
and t!o ot#er con%ic&o&% lace%.
b. T#e gi%t of all ordinance% !it# enal %anction %#all
be &bli%#ed in a ne!%aer of general circ&lation
in t#e ro$ince. In t#e ab%ence of %&c# ne!%aer"
t#e ordinance %#all be o%ted in all )&nicialitie%
and citie% of t#e ro$ince !#ere t#e %angg&nian of
origin i% %it&ated.
c. In #ig#ly &rbani(ed and indeendent co)onent
citie%" in addition to o%ting" t#e )ain feat&re% of
t#e ordinance %#all be &bli%#ed in a local
ne!%aer of general circ&lation. In t#e ab%ence of
%&c# ne!%aer" it %#all be &bli%#ed in any
ne!%aer of general circ&lation. BI=2

C. Corporate Po-ers 3E22> RA 819:4
1. To #a$e contin&o&% %&cce%%ion in it% cororate na)e
7. To %&e and be %&ed
9. To #a$e and &%e a cororate %eal
:. To ac;&ire and con$ey real or er%onal roerty
a. T#e local go$ern)ent &nit )ay ac;&ire real or
er%onal" tangible or intangible roerty" in any
)anner allo!ed by la!" e.g." %ale" donation"
etc.
b. T#e local go$ern)ent &nit )ay alienate only
atri)onial roerty" &on roer a&t#ority.
c. In t#e ab%ence of roof t#at t#e roerty !a%
ac;&ired t#ro&g# cororate or ri$ate f&nd%"
t#e re%&)tion i% t#at it ca)e fro) t#e State
&on t#e creation of t#e )&niciality and" t#&%"
i% go$ern)ental or &blic roerty. (Salas vs.
8aren$io, %8 SCRA 71%9 Rebu$o vs.
.illegas, !! SCRA 6!6)
d. To!n la(a% are roertie% of &blic do)inion*
t#ey )ay be occ&ied te)orarily" b&t only for
t#e d&ration of an e)ergency (+s:iri'u vs.
Muni$i:al Coun$il o7 4ozorrubio,
4angasinan, 10 42il. 866).
e. A &blic la(a i% beyond t#e co))erce of
)an" and cannot be t#e %&b?ect of lea%e or
ot#er contract&al &nderta4ing. And" e$en
a%%&)ing t#e e'i%tence of a $alid lea%e of t#e
&blic la(a or art t#ereof" t#e )&nicial
re%ol&tion effecti$ely ter)inated t#e
agree)ent" for it i% %ettled t#at t#e olice
o!er cannot be %&rrendered or bargained
a!ay t#ro&g# t#e )edi&) of a contract
(.illanueva vs. Cas'ane)a, 1!% SCRA 1%).
=. Po!er to enter into contract%
a. Re;&i%ite% of a $alid )&nicial contract%
i. T#e local go$ern)ent &nit #a% t#e
e're%%" i)lied or in#erent o!er to
enter into t#e artic&lar contract.
11
ii. T#e contract i% entered into by t#e
roer deart)ent" board" co))ittee"
officer or agent. Unle%% ot#er!i%e
ro$ided by t#e Code" no contract
)ay be entered into by t#e local c#ief
e'ec&ti$e on be#alf of t#e local
go$ern)ent &nit !it#o&t rior
a&t#ori(ation by t#e %angg&niang
concerned.
iii. T#e contract )&%t co)ly !it# certain
%&b%tanti$e re;&ire)ent%" i.e." !#en
e'endit&re of &blic f&nd i% to be
)ade" t#ere )&%t be an act&al
aroriation and a certificate of
a$ailability of f&nd%.
i$. T#e contract )&%t co)ly !it# t#e
for)al re;&ire)ent% of !ritten
contract%" e.g." t#e Stat&te of >ra&d%.
b. Ultra !ires contracts
W#en a contract i% entered into !it#o&t
co)liance !it# t#e fir%t and t#e t#ird re;&i%ite%
Babo$eC" t#e %a)e i% &ltra $ire% and i% n&ll and $oid.
S&c# contract cannot be ratified or $alidated.
Ratification of defecti$e )&nicial contract% i%
o%%ible only !#en t#ere i% non/co)liance !it# t#e
%econd andDor fo&rt# re;&ire)ent% abo$e.
Ratification )ay be e're%% or i)lied.

c. Aut.orit* to ne5otiate an, secure contracts 3E2$>
RA 819:4
T#e local c#ief e'ec&ti$e )ay" &on a&t#ority of
t#e %angg&nian" negotiate and %ec&re financial
grant% or donation% in 4ind" in %&ort of t#e ba%ic
%er$ice% and facilitie% en&)erated &nder I10" fro)
local and foreign a%%i%tance agencie% !it#o&t
nece%%ity of %ec&ring clearance or aro$al fro)
any deart)ent" agency" or office of t#e national
go$ern)ent or fro) any #ig#er local go$ern)ent
&nit* Provided, t#at ro?ect% financed by %&c# grant%
or a%%i%tance !it# national %ec&rity i)lication%
%#all be aro$ed by t#e national agency
concerned.
9. To eAercise suc. ot.er po-ers as are 5rante, to
corporations> subGect to li&itations pro!i,e, in t.e Co,e
an, ot.er la-s.
@. UNICIPAL LIABILITH
A. =pecific pro!isions &aDin5 LGUs liable:
a. E2'> RA 819:/ Liability for da)age%/ Local
go$ern)ent &nit% and t#eir official% are not e'e)t
fro) liability for deat# or in?&ry to er%on% or da)age
to roerty.
b. Art. 2106> NCC/ T#e local go$ern)ent &nit i% liable
in da)age% for deat# or in?&rie% %&ffered by rea%on
of t#e defecti$e condition of road%" %treet%" bridge%"
&blic b&ilding% and ot#er &blic !or4%.
c. Art. 713@" Bar..C" NCC/ T#e State i% re%on%ible
!#en it act% t#ro&g# a %ecial agent.
d. Art. 9:" NCC/ T#e local go$ern)ent &nit i%
%&b%idiarily liable for da)age% %&ffered by a er%on
by rea%on of t#e fail&re or ref&%al of a )e)ber of t#e
olice force to render aid and ro%ec&tion in ca%e of
danger to life and roerty.
2. Liabilit* for Tort
a. If t#e local go$ern)ent &nit i% engaged in
go$ern)ental f&nction%" it i% NOT liable.
b. If engaged in rorietary f&nction%" local go$ern)ent
&nit i% liable.
+<olding of to!n fie%ta i% a rorietary f&nction.
T#e F&niciality of Fala%i;&e" Panga%inan" !a%
#eld liable for t#e deat# of a )e)ber of t#e (ar(&ela
gro& !#en t#e %tage colla%ed" &nder t#e rincile
of respondeat superior.
NOT%:
+T#e )&nicial co&ncil )anaged t#e to!n fie%ta.
W#ile t#e )&niciality !a% #eld liable" t#e co&ncilor%
t#e)%el$e% are not liable for t#e negligence of t#eir
e)loyee% or agent%. (#orio vs. (on'anilla, 8! SCRA !"")

c. Personal Liabilit* of local officials
$. Liabilit* for !iolation of la-
Case:
T#e F&niciality of B&na!an" Ag&%an del S&r"
t#ro&g# t#e Fayor" !a% #eld in conte)t and fined P1"@@@.@@
!it# a !arning" beca&%e of t#e ref&%al of t#e Fayor to abide
by a Te)orary Re%training Order i%%&ed by t#e Co&rt
(Mo)a5 vs. CA, %1 SCRA 1!).
'. Liabilit* for contracts
a. General Rule# A )&nicial cororation" li4e an
ordinary er%on" i% liable on a contract it enter% into"
ro$ided t#at t#e contract i% intra $ire%. If t#e
contract i% &ltra $ire%" t#e )&nial cororation i% not
liable.
NOT,S6
+A ri$ate indi$id&al !#o deal% !it# a )&nicial
cororation i% i)&ted con%tr&cti$e 4no!ledge of t#e
e'tent of t#e o!er or a&t#ority of t#e )&nicial
cororation to enter into contract%.
+Ordinarily" t#erefore" t#e doctrine of e%toel doe% not
lie again%t )&nicial cororation.

b. (octrine of I&plie, unicipal Liabilit*# A
)&niciality )ay beco)e obligated &on an i)lied
contract to ay t#e rea%onable $al&e of t#e benefit%
acceted or aroriated by it a% to !#ic# it #a% t#e
general o!er to contract (4rovin$e o7 Cebu vs.
/AC, 1%7 SCRA %%7).
T#e doctrine alie% to all ca%e% !#ere )oney or
roerty of a arty i% recei$ed &nder %&c#
circ&)%tance% t#at t#e general la!" indeendent of
an e're%% contract" i)lie% an obligation to do
?&%tice !it# re%ect to t#e %a)e.
T#&%" in t#i% ca%e" t#e Pro$ince of Ceb& cannot
%et & t#e lea t#at t#e contract !a% &ltra $ire% and
%till retain benefit% t#ere&nder. <a$ing regarded t#e
contract a% $alid for &ro%e% of reaing benefit%"
t#e Pro$ince of Ceb& i% e%toed to ;&e%tion it%
$alidity for t#e &ro%e of denying an%!erability.
@I. LOCAL O//ICIAL=
A. Pro!isions applicable to electi!e an, appointi!e
officials
1. E06> RA 819:: Pro.ibite, business an, pecuniar*
interest# It %#all be &nla!f&l for any local go$ern)ent official
or e)loyee" directly or indirectly" to6
a. ,ngage in any b&%ine%% tran%action !it# t#e local
go$ern)ent &nit in !#ic# #e i% an official or
e)loyee or o$er !#ic# #e #a% t#e o!er of
%&er$i%ion" or !it# any of it% a&t#ori(ed board%"
12
official%" agent%" or attorney%" !#ereby )oney i%
to be aid" or roerty or any ot#er t#ing of $al&e
i% to be tran%ferred" directly or indirectly" o&t of t#e
re%o&rce% of t#e local go$ern)ent &nit to %&c#
er%on or fir)*
b. <old %&c# intere%t% in any coc4it or ot#er ga)e%
licen%ed by a local go$ern)ent &nit*
c. P&rc#a%e any real e%tate or ot#er roerty
forfeited in fa$or of %&c# local go$ern)ent &nit for
&naid ta'e% or a%%e%%)ent" or by $irt&e of a legal
roce%% at t#e in%tance of t#e %aid local
go$ern)ent &nit*
d. Be a %&rety for any er%on contracting or doing
b&%ine%% !it# t#e local go$ern)ent &nit for !#ic#
a %&rety i% re;&ired* and
e. Po%%e%% or &%e any &blic roerty of t#e local
go$ern)ent &nit for ri$ate &ro%e%.
f. T#e ro#ibition% and in#ibition% re%cribed in RA
.019 al%o aly.

2. Practice of Profession 3E6:> RA 819:4
a. -o$ernor% or )ayor% are ro#ibited fro)
racticinK%trati$e roceeding% in$ol$ing t#e local
go$ern)ent &nit of !#ic# #e i% an official.
i$. U%e roerty and er%onnel of t#e go$ern)ent
e'cet !#en t#e %angg&nian )e)ber i%
defending t#e intere%t of t#e go$ern)ent.
Case6
It !a% #eld t#at by aearing a% co&n%el for
di%)i%%ed e)loyee%" City Co&ncilor Aa$ellana $iolated t#e
ro#ibition again%t engaging in ri$ate ractice if %&c#
ractice rere%ent% intere%t% ad$er%e to t#e go$ern)ent.
(8avellana vs. &/LG, 1 SCRA %7!)
b. P#y%ician% )ay ractice t#eir rofe%%ion e$en
d&ring office #o&r% only on e)ergencie% and
!it#o&t )onetary co)en%ation.
$. Pro.ibition a5ainst appoint&ent 3E6'> RA 819:4
a. No electi$e or aointi$e local official %#all be
eligible for aoint)ent or de%ignation to any
&blic office d&ring #i% ten&re.
b. Unle%% ot#er!i%e allo!ed by la! or by t#e ri)ary
f&nction of #i% office" no electi$e or aointi$e
local official %#all #old any ot#er office.
c. ,'cet for lo%ing candidate% in barangay
election%" no candidate !#o lo%t in any election
%#o&ld be aointed to any office !it#in one year
after election.
B. %L%CTI@% LOCAL O//ICIAL=
1. "ualifications:
a. Co))on ;&alification%6
i. >iliino Citi(en
ii. Regi%tered $oter of t#e local go$ern)ent &nit" or
of t#e di%trict !#ere #e intend% to be elected in t#e
ca%e of t#e )e)ber% of t#e %angg&nian.
iii. Re%ident t#erein for at lea%t one year
i))ediately before t#e election
i$. Ability to read and !rite >iliino or any ot#er local
dialect.
b. Age
i. Candidate% in ro$ince% and #ig#ly &rbani(ed
citie%/ at lea%t 79 year% old
ii. Candidate% for )ayor and $ice )ayor of
co)onent citie% and )&nicialitie%/ at lea%t 71
year% old
iii. Candidate% for %angg&nian )e)ber% in
co)onent citie% and )&nicialitie%/ at lea%t 13
year% old
i$. Barangay official%/ at lea%t 13 year% old
$. Sangg&niang Labataan/ at lea%t 1=/71 year%
NOT%=:
+Age/ )&%t be o%%e%%ed on t#e day of t#e election.
+T#e L-C doe% not %ecify any artic&lar date !#en t#e
candidate )&%t o%%e%% >iliino citi(en(%#i. P#iliine
citi(en%#i i% re;&ired to en%&re t#at no alien %#all go$ern o&r
eole. An official begin% to go$ern only &on #i%
rocla)ation and on t#e day t#at #i% ter) begin%. Since
>ri$aldo too4 #i% oat# of allegiance on A&ne 9@" 122=" !#en
#i% alication for reatriation !a% granted by t#e Secial
co))ittee on Nat&rali(ation created &nder P8 37=" #e !a%
t#erefore ;&alified to be roclai)ed. Be%ide%" I92 of t#e L-C
%ea4% of ;&alification% of electi$e official%" not of candidate%
((rival)o vs. C*M+L+C, 71 SCRA 767).
+Petitioner !a% o$er 71 year% of age on t#e day of t#e
election !a% ordered di%;&alified by t#e S&re)e Co&rt !#en
t#e latter re?ected t#e contention of t#e etitioner t#at %#e !a%
;&alified beca&%e %#e !a% le%% t#an 77 year% old. T#e
#ra%e 5not )ore t#an 71 year% oldH i% not e;&i$alent to 5le%%
t#an 77 year% oldH (Garvi)a vs. Sales).
2. (isBualifications 3E':> RA 819:4# T#e follo!ing are
di%;&alified fro) r&nning for any electi$e local o%ition6
a. T#o%e %entenced by final ?&dg)ent for an
offen%e in$ol$ing )oral t&rit&de or for an
offen%e &ni%#able by one year or )ore of
i)ri%on)ent" !it#in t!o year% after %er$ing
%entence*
b. T#o%e re)o$ed fro) office a% a re%&lt of an
ad)ini%trati$e ca%e*
c. T#o%e con$icted by final ?&dg)ent for $iolating
t#e oat# of allegiance to t#e Re&blic*
d. T#o%e !it# d&al citi(en%#i*
e. >&giti$e% fro) ?&%tice in cri)inal or non/
olitical ca%e% #ere or abroad*
f. Per)anent re%ident% in a foreign co&ntry or
t#o%e !#o #a$e ac;&ired t#e rig#t to re%ide
abroad and contin&e to a$ail of t#e %a)e rig#t
after t#e effecti$ity of t#e Code* and
g. T#e in%ane or feeble/)inded.
$. anner of %lection
a. T#e go$ernor" $ice/go$ernor" city or )&nicial
)ayor" city or )&nicial $ice/)ayor and
&nong barangay %#all be elected at large in
t#eir re%ecti$e &nit%. T#e %angg&niang
4abataan c#air)an %#all be elected by t#e
regi%tered $oter% of t#e 4ati&nan ng
4abataan.
b. T#e reg&lar )e)ber% of t#e %angg&niang
anlala!igan" anl&ng%od and bayan %#all
be elected by di%trict" a% )ay be ro$ided by
la!. T#e re%ident% of t#e leag&e% of
%angg&nian )e)ber% of co)onent citie%
and )&nicialitie% %#all %er$e a% e' officio
)e)ber% of t#e %angg&niang anlala!igan
concerned. T#e re%ident% of t#e liga ng
)ga barangay and t#e edera%yon ng )ga
%angg&niang 4abataan elected by t#eir
re%ecti$e c#ater%" %#all %er$e a% e' officio
)e)ber% of t#e %angg&niang anlala!igan"
anl&ng%od or bayan.
c. In addition" t#ere %#all be one %ectoral
rere%entati$e fro) t#e !o)en" one fro) t#e
13
!or4er%" and one fro) any of t#e follo!ing
%ector%6 &rban oor" indigeno&% c&lt&ral
co))&nitie%" di%abled er%on%" or any ot#er
%ector a% )ay be deter)ined by t#e
%angg&nian concerned !it#in 2@ day% rior to
t#e #olding of t#e ne't local election% a% )ay
be ro$ided by la!. T#e Co)elec %#all
ro)&lgate t#e r&le% and reg&lation% to
effecti$ely ro$ide for t#e election of %&c#
%ectoral rere%entati$e%.
'. (ate of %lection
,$ery t#ree year% on t#e %econd Fonday of Fay"
&nle%% ot#er!i%e ro$ided by la!.
+. Ter& of Office
T#ree year%" %tarting fro) noon of A&ne 9@" 1227"
or %&c# date a% )ay be ro$ided by la!" e'cet t#at of
electi$e barangay official%. No local electi$e official %#all
%er$e for )ore t#an t#ree con%ec&ti$e ter)% in t#e %a)e
o%ition. T#e ter) of office of barangay official% and
)e)ber% of t#e %angg&niang 4abataan %#all be for fi$e year%"
!#ic# %#all begin after t#e reg&lar election of barangay
official% on t#e %econd Fonday of Fay" 1220. BR.A. 3=7:C
+T#e t#ree/ter) li)it on a local official i% to be &nder%tood to
refer to ter)% for !#ic# t#e official concerned !a% elected.
T#&%" a er%on !#o !a% elected Eice Fayor in 1233 and
!#o" beca&%e of t#e deat# of t#e Fayor" beca)e Fayor in
1232" )ay %till be eligible to r&n for t#e o%ition of Fayor in
1223" e$en if elected a% %&c# in 1227 and 122= (,or;a v.
Comele$, G.R. 0o. 111%"!, Se:'. 1, 1""8).
9. Rules on =uccession 3E''#'9> RA 819:4
A. Per&anent !acancies: A er)anent $acancy ari%e%
!#en an electi$e local official fill% a #ig#er $acant office"
ref&%e% to a%%&)e office" fail% to ;&alify" die%" i% re)o$ed
fro) office" $ol&ntarily re%ign%" or i% er)anently
incaacitated to di%c#arge t#e f&nction% of #i% office.
a. -o$ernor and Fayor
i. Eice -o$ernor and Eice Fayor
ii. Sangg&nian )e)ber% according to ran4ing
b. P&nong barangay
i. <ig#e%t ran4ing %angg&nian )e)ber
ii. Second #ig#e%t ran4ing %angg&niang barangay
)e)ber
c. Ran4ing in t#e %angg&nian %#all be deter)ined on
t#e ba%i% of t#e roortion of t#e $ote% obtained to
t#e n&)ber of regi%tered $ote% in eac# di%trict.
d. Tie% !ill be re%ol$ed by dra!ing of lot%. BI::C
e. Sangg&nian6
i. Pro$ince%" #ig#ly &rbani(ed citie% and indeendent
co)onent citie%/ aoint)ent by t#e Pre%ident
ii. Co)onent city and )&niciality/ aoint)ent by
go$ernor
iii. Sangg&niang barangay/ aoint)ent by )ayor
i$. ,'cet for t#e %angg&niang barangay" t#e
aointee %#all co)e fro) t#e olitical arty of t#e
)e)ber !#o ca&%ed t#e $acancy.
NOT%:
+ A no)ination and a certificate of )e)ber%#i of t#e
aointee fro) t#e #ig#e%t official of t#e olitical arty
concerned are condition% %ine ;&a non" and any aoint)ent
!it#o&t %&c# no)ination and certificate %#all be n&ll and $oid
and %#all be a gro&nd for ad)ini%trati$e action again%t t#e
official concerned.
$. If t#e )e)ber doe% not belong to any arty" t#e
aointee %#all be reco))ended by t#e
%angg&nian.
$i. T#e aointee for t#e %angg&niang barangay
%#all be reco))ended by t#e %angg&niang
barangay.
$ii. Eacancy in t#e rere%entation of t#e yo&t# and
t#e barangay in t#e %angg&nian %#all be filled by t#e
official ne't in ran4 of t#e organi(ation. BI:=C
B. Te&porar* !acanc*
a. W#en t#e go$ernor" )ayor or &nong barangay i%
te)orarily incaacitated to erfor) #i% d&tie%" t#e
$ice go$ernor" $ice )ayor" or ran4ing %angg&niang
barangay )e)ber %#all e'erci%e #i% o!er% e'cet
t#e o!er to aoint" %&%end or di%)i%%
e)loyee%" !#ic# can only be e'erci%ed after 9@
!or4ing day%.
b. W#en t#e local c#ief e'ec&ti$e i% tra$eling !it#in
t#e P#iliine% for not )ore t#an 9 con%ec&ti$e
day%" #e )ay de%ignate an officer/in/c#arge. T#e
a&t#ori(ation %#all %ecify t#e o!er% of t#e officer/
in/c#arge e'cet t#e o!er to aoint" %&%end or
di%)i%% e)loyee%.
c. If t#e local c#ief e'ec&ti$e doe% not i%%&e t#e
a&t#ori(ation" t#e $ice go$ernor" $ice )ayor" or
#ig#e%t ran4ing %angg&niang barangay )e)ber
%#all a%%&)e #i% o!er% on t#e fo&rt# day of #i%
ab%ence. BI:.C
8. Co&pensation 3E01> R.A. 819:4
T#e co)en%ation of local official% and er%onnel %#all be
deter)ined by t#e %angg&nian concerned" %&b?ect to t#e
ro$i%ion% of R.A. .0=3 BCo)en%ation and Po%ition
Cla%%ification Act of 1232C. T#e electi$e barangay official%
%#all be entitled to recei$e #onoraria" allo!ance% and ot#er
e)ol&)ent% a% )ay be ro$ided by la! or barangay"
)&nicial or city ordinance" b&t in no ca%e le%% t#an P1"@@@
er )ont# for t#e &nong barangay and P.@@ for t#e
%angg&niang barangay )e)ber%.
+,lecti$e local official% %#all be entitled to t#e %a)e lea$e
ri$ilege% a% t#o%e en?oyed by aointi$e local official%"
incl&ding t#e c&)&lation and co))&tation t#ereof.
8. Recall/ ter)ination of official relation%#i of an electi$e
official for lo%% of confidence rior to t#e e'iration of #i% ter)
t#ro&g# t#e !ill of t#e electorate.
a. B* -.o& eAercise,/ by t#e regi%tered $oter% of a
local go$ern)ent &nit to !#ic# t#e local electi$e official
%&b?ect to %&c# recall belong%. BI.2" R.A. 01.@C
b. T-o &o,es of initiatin5 recall:
i. By a rearatory recall a%%e)bly
ii. By t#e regi%tered $oter% of t#e local go$ern)ent
&nit
c. Preparator* recall asse&bl*# co&pose, of t.e
follo-in5:
i. Pro$incial le$el6 All )ayor%" $ice )ayor% and
%angg&nian )e)ber% of t#e )&nicialitie% and
co)onent citie%.
ii. City le$el6 All &nong barangay and
%angg&niang barangay )e)ber% in t#e city.
iii. Legi%lati$e di%trict le$el6 W#ere %angg&niang
anlalal!igan )e)ber% are elected by di%trict" all
electi$e )&nicial official% in t#e di%trict* and in
ca%e% !#ere %angg&niang angl&ng%od )e)ber%
are elected by di%trict" all electi$e barangay official%
in t#e di%trict.
14
i$. F&nicial le$el6 All &nong barangay and
%angg&niang barangay )e)ber% in t#e
)&niciality.
d. Proced&re for initiating recall by rearatory recall
a%%e)bly
A )a?ority of all t#e rearatory recall a%%e)bly
)e)ber% )ay con$ene in %e%%ion in a &blic lace and
initiate a recall roceeding again%t any electi$e official in t#e
local go$ern)ent &nit concerned. Recall of ro$incial" city or
)&nicial official% %#all be $alidly initiated t#ro&g# a
re%ol&tion adoted by a )a?ority of all t#e )e)ber% of t#e
rearatory recall a%%e)bly concerned d&ring it% %e%%ion
called for t#at &ro%e.
Case:
It !a% #eld t#at notice to all t#e )e)ber% of t#e
Prearatory Recall A%%e)bly i% i)erati$e* t#&%" !#ere t#e
re%ol&tion !a% adoted !it#o&t gi$ing notice to all t#e
)e)ber% of t#e PRA" t#e %a)e i% fatally fla!ed (Gar$ia vs.
Comele$, G.R. 0o. 111!11, *$'ober !, 1""1). <o!e$er" in
Malonzo vs. Comele$, G.R. 0o. 17066, Mar$2 11, 1""7, it
!a% #eld t#at !#ere t#e Co)elec #a% already cond&cted an
in$e%tigation and fo&nd t#e initiatory recall roceeding% to be
in accord !it# la!" t#ere i% no nece%%ity for t#e S&re)e
Co&rt to refer t#e )atter of t#e $eracity of t#e ;&e%tioned
notice% bac4 to t#e Co)elec.
e. Initiation of recall b* re5istere, !oters6 Recall of a
ro$incial" city" )&nicial or barangay official )ay al%o be
$alidly initiated &on etition by at lea%t 7=J of t#e total
n&)ber of regi%tered $oter% in t#e local go$ern)ent &nit
concerned d&ring t#e election in !#ic# t#e local official %o&g#t
to be recalled !a% elected.
f. Proce,ure:
i. A !ritten etition for recall d&ly %igned before t#e
election regi%trar or #i% rere%entati$e" and in t#e
re%ence of a rere%entati$e of t#e etitioner and
rere%entati$e of t#e official %o&g#t to be recalled"
and in a &blic lace in t#e ro$ince" city"
)&niciality or barangay" a% t#e ca%e )ay be" %#all
be filed !it# t#e Co)elec t#ro&g# it% office in t#e
local go$ern)ent &nit concerned.
ii. T#e Co)elec or it% d&ly a&t#ori(ed
rere%entati$e %#all ca&%e t#e &blication of t#e
etition in a &blic and con%ic&o&% lace for a
eriod of not le%% t#an 1@ day% nor )ore t#an 7@
day%" for t#e &ro%e of $erifying t#e a&t#enticity
and gen&inene%% of t#e etition and t#e re;&ired
ercentage of $oter%.
iii. Uon t#e la%e of t#e afore%aid eriod" t#e
Co)elec or it% d&ly a&t#ori(ed rere%entati$e %#all
anno&nce t#e accetance of candidate% to t#e
o%ition and t#ereafter reare t#e li%t of candidate%
!#ic# %#all incl&de t#e na)e of t#e official %o&g#t to
be recalled.
+T#e electi$e local official %o&g#t to be recalled %#all not be
allo!ed to re%ign !#ile t#e recall roce%% i% in rogre%%.
2Li&itations on Recall:
1. Any electi$e local official )ay be t#e %&b?ect of a recall
election only once d&ring #i% ter) of office for lo%% of
confidence.
7. No recall %#all ta4e lace !it#in one year fro) t#e date
of t#e official1% a%%&)tion to office or one year i))ediately
receding a reg&lar local election.
+T#e official %o&g#t to be recalled i% a&to)atically a
candidate.
+Recall %#all be effecti$e &on t#e election and rocla)ation
of %&cce%%or recei$ing t#e #ig#e%t n&)ber of $ote%.
6. Resi5nation of electi!e local officials s.all be ,ee&e,
effecti!e onl* upon acceptance b* t.e follo-in5
aut.orities:
a. T#e Pre%ident" in ca%e of go$ernor%" $ice
go$ernor%" and )ayor% and $ice )ayor% of #ig#ly
&rbani(ed citie% and indeendent co)onent
citie%*
b. T#e go$ernor" in ca%e of )&nicial )ayor% and
$ice )ayor%" city )ayor% and $ice )ayor% of
co)onent citie%*
c. Sangg&nian concerned" in ca%e of %angg&niang
)e)ber%* and
d. T#e city or )&nicial )ayor" in ca%e of barangay
official%.
2%ffecti!it*:
c. Re%ignation ta4e% effect &on accetance.
d. It i% dee)ed acceted if not acted &on !it#in 1=
!or4ing day%.
e. Irre$ocable re%ignation by %angg&nian )e)ber%
ta4e% effect &on re%entation before an oen
%e%%ion. BI37" R.A. 01.@C
1:. Grie!ance Proce,ure 3E0$> R.A. 819:4# T#e local c#ief
e'ec&ti$e %#all e%tabli%# a roced&re to in;&ire into" act &on"
re%ol$e or %ettle co)laint% and grie$ance% re%ented by
local go$ern)ent e)loyee%.
11. (iscipline 3E9:#90> R.A. 819:4
a. Groun,s for ,isciplinar* action: An electi$e local
official )ay be di%cilined" %&%ended" or re)o$ed fro) office
on any of t#e follo!ing gro&nd%6
i. 8i%loyalty to t#e Re&blic of t#e P#iliine%.
ii. C&lable $iolation of t#e Con%tit&tion
iii. 8i%#one%ty" ore%%ion" )i%cond&ct in office"
gro%% negligence" or dereliction of d&ty.
i$. Co))i%%ion of any offen%e in$ol$ing )oral
t&rit&de or an offen%e &ni%#able by at lea%t ri%ion )ayor.
$. Ab&%e of a&t#ority.
$i. Una&t#ori(ed ab%ence for 1= con%ec&ti$e
!or4ing day%" e'cet in t#e ca%e of )e)ber% of t#e
%angg&niang anlala!igan" anl&ng%od" bayan and
barangay.
$ii. Alication for" or ac;&i%ition of" foreign
citi(en%#i or re%idence or t#e %tat&%K ,lecti$e barangay
official%" %#all be filed before t#e %angg&iniang anl&ng%od or
%angg&niang bayan concerned" !#o%e deci%ion %#all be final
and e'ec&tory.
c. Notice of 7earin5 3E92> R.A. 819:4# BaC Wit#in 0
day% after t#e ad)ini%trati$e co)laint i% filed" t#e Office
of t#e Pre%ident or t#e %angg&nian concerned a% t#e
ca%e )ay be" %#all re;&ire t#e re%ondent to %&b)it #i%
$erified an%!er !it#in 1= day% fro) receit t#ereof" and
co))ence t#e in$e%tigation of t#e ca%e !it#in 1@ day%
after t#e receit of %&c# an%!er of t#e re%ondent.
BbC W#en t#e re%ondent i% an electi$e official of a
ro$ince or #ig#ly &rbani(ed city" %&c# #earing and
in$e%tigation %#all be cond&cted in t#e lace !#ere #e
render% or #old% office. >or all ot#er local electi$e
official%" t#e $en&e %#all be t#e lace !#ere t#e
%angg&nian concerned i% located.
BcC <o!e$er" no in$e%tigation %#all be #eld !it#in 2@
day% i))ediately rior to any local election" and no
re$enti$e %&%en%ion %#all be i)o%ed rior to t#e 2@/
day eriod i))ediately receding local election" it %#all
15
be dee)ed a&to)atically lifted &on t#e %tart of
afore%aid eriod.
,. Pre!enti!e =uspension
1. C.o &a* i&pose:
a. By t#e Pre%ident" if t#e re%ondent i% an
electi$e official of a ro$ince" a #ig#ly
&rbani(ed or an indeendent co)onent
city*
b. By t#e go$ernor" if t#e re%ondent i% an
electi$e local official of a co)onent city
or )&niciality*
c. By t#e )ayor" if t#e re%ondent i% an
electi$e official of t#e barangay.
2. C.en &a* be i&pose,: Pre$enti$e %&%en%ion
)ay be i)o%ed at any ti)e6
a. After t#e i%%&e% are ?oined*
b. W#en t#e e$idence of g&ilt i% %trong* and
c. -i$en t#e gra$ity of t#e offen%e" t#ere i%
great robability t#at t#e contin&ance in
office of t#e re%ondent co&ld infl&ence
t#e !itne%%e% or o%e a t#reat to t#e
%afety and integrity of t#e record% and
ot#er e$idence.
+Pro$ided t#at any %ingle re$enti$e %&%en%ion
%#all not e'tend beyond .@ day%" and in t#e e$ent
%e$eral ad)ini%trati$e ca%e% are filed again%t t#e
re%ondent" #e cannot be %&%ended for )ore t#an
2@ day% !it#in a %ingle year on t#e %a)e gro&nd or
gro&nd% e'i%ting and 4no!n at t#e ti)e of t#e fir%t
%&%en%ion.
Case:
W#en t#e etitioner failed to file #i% an%!er de%ite
t#e )any oort&nitie% gi$en to #i)" #e !a% dee)ed to #a$e
!ai$ed #i% rig#t to an%!er and to re%ent e$idence. At t#at
oint" t#e i%%&e% !ere dee)ed ?oined" and it !a% roer for
t#e ,'ec&ti$e Secretary to %&%end #i)" ina%)&c# a% t#e
Secretary fo&nd t#at t#e e$idence of g&ilt !a% %trong and t#at
contin&ance in office co&ld infl&ence t#e !itne%%e% and o%e
a t#reat to t#e %afety and integrity of t#e e$idence again%t #i)
(8oson vs. #orres, "0 SCRA 7").
T#e a&t#ority to re$enti$ely %&%end i% e'erci%ed
conc&rrently by t#e O)b&d%)an" &r%&ant to R.A. .00@* t#e
%a)e la! a&t#ori(e% a re$enti$e %&%en%ion of %i' )ont#%
(6aga) vs. Gozo-&a)ole, G.R. no. 10807, &e$. 1, 1""!).
e. =uspen,e, electi!e official -.en ,ee&e, reinstate,
Uon e'iration of t#e re$enti$e %&%en%ion" t#e
re%ondent %#all be dee)ed rein%tated in office !it#o&t
re?&dice to t#e contin&ation of t#e roceeding% again%t #i)"
!#ic# %#all be ter)inated !it#in 17@ day% fro) t#e ti)e #e
!a% for)ally notified of t#e ca%e again%t #i).
+Any ab&%e of t#e e'erci%e of t#e o!er of
re$enti$e %&%en%ion %#all be enali(ed a% ab&%e of
a&t#ority.
f. =alar* of respon,ent pen,in5 suspension 3E9'> R.A.
819:4
T#e re%ondent official re$enti$ely %&%ended fro)
office %#all recei$e no %alary or co)en%ation d&ring %&c#
%&%en%ion* b&t" &on %&b%e;&ent e'oneration and
rein%tate)ent" #e %#all be aid f&ll %alary or co)en%ation
incl&ding %&c# e)ol&)ent% accr&ing d&ring %&c# %&%en%ion.

5. Ri5.ts of respon,ent 3E9+> R.A. 819:4
T#e re%ondent %#all be accorded f&ll oort&nity to
aear and defend #i)%elf in er%on or by co&n%el" to
confront and cro%%/e'a)ine t#e !itne%%e% again%t #i)" and to
re;&ire t#e attendance of !itne%%e% and t#e rod&ction of
doc&)entary e$idence in #i% fa$or t#ro&g# co)&l%ory
roce%% of %&boena or %&boena d&ce% tec&).
.. /or& an, notice of ,ecision 3E99a> R.A. 819:4
T#e in$e%tigation of t#e ca%e %#all be ter)inated
!it#in 2@ day% fro) t#e %tart t#ereof. Wit#in 9@ day% after t#e
end of t#e in$e%tigation" t#e Office of t#e Pre%ident or t#e
%angg&nian concerned %#all render a deci%ion in !riting
%tating clearly an di%tinctly t#e fact% and t#e rea%on% for %&c#
deci%ion. Coy of %aid deci%ion %#all i))ediately be
f&rni%#ed t#e re%ondent and all intere%ted artie%.
i. Penalt*
T#e enalty of %&%en%ion i)o%ed &on t#e
re%ondent %#all not e'ceed #i% &ne'ired ter)" or a eriod
of . )ont#% for e$ery ad)ini%trati$e offen%e" nor %#all %aid
enalty be a bar to t#e candidacy of t#e re%ondent a% long
a% #e )eet% t#e ;&alification% re;&ired for t#e office. B&t t#e
enalty of re)o$al fro) office a% a re%&lt of an ad)ini%trati$e
in$e%tigation %#all be a bar to t#e candidacy of t#e
re%ondent for any electi$e o%ition.
Case:
T#e S&re)e Co&rt &#eld t#e i)o%ition of t#e
ad)ini%trati$e enalty of %&%en%ion of not )ore t#an .
)ont#% for eac# offen%e" ro$ided t#at t#e %&cce%%i$e %er$ice
of t#e %entence %#o&ld not e'ceed t#e &ne'ired ortion of
t#e ter) of t#e etitioner%. T#e %&%en%ion did not a)o&nt to
re)o$al fro) office (Salalima vs. Guingona, !7 SCRA
!!).
G. A,&inistrati!e appeal# (ecisions &a*> -it.in $:
,a*s fro& receipt t.ereof> be appeale, to:
i. T#e %angg&niang anlala!igan" in t#e ca%e of
deci%ion% of co)onent citie%1 %angg&niang anl&ng%od and
t#e %angg&iniang bayan*
ii. T#e Office of t#e Pre%ident" in t#e ca%e of
deci%ion% of t#e %angg&niang anlala!igan and t#e
%angg&niang anl&ng%od of #ig#ly &rbani(ed citie% and
indeendent co)onent citie%. 8eci%ion% of t#e Office of t#e
Pre%ident %#all be final and e'ec&tory.
Case:
T#e S&re)e Co&rt r&led t#at certiorari !ill not lie
beca&%e t#ere i% %till an ade;&ate re)edy a$ailable in t#e
ordinary co&r%e of la!" i.e." aeal of t#e deci%ion of t#e
Sangg&niang Panlala!igan to t#e Office of t#e Pre%ident
(Malinao vs. Re5es, !! SCRA 616).
D. %Aecution pen,in5 appeal
An aeal %#all not re$ent a deci%ion fro) being
e'ec&ted* t#e re%ondent %#all be con%idered a% #a$ing been
laced &nder re$enti$e %&%en%ion d&ring t#e endency of
t#e aeal. B&t in Berce% $%. ,'ec&ti$e Secretary" 7:1 SCRA
=92" t#e S&re)e Co&rt ointed o&t t#at Ad)ini%trati$e Order
No. 13 a&t#ori(e% t#e Office of t#e Pre%ident to %tay t#e
e'ec&tion of a deci%ion ending aeal. A.O. No. 13 !a% not
reealed by t#e Local -o$ern)ent Code.
l. Pre%idential o!er to grant e'ec&ti$e cle)ency
). ,ffect of re/election
T#e re/election of a local official bar% t#e contin&ation
of t#e ad)ini%trati$e ca%e again%t #i).
C. Appointi!e Local Officials
1. Re%on%ibility for #&)an re%o&rce% and
de$elo)ent/ T#e local c#ief e'ec&ti$e %#all be re%on%ible
for #&)an re%o&rce% and de$elo)ent in #i% &nit and %#all
16
ta4e all er%onnel action% in accordance !it# t#e Con%tit&tion"
ertinent la!%" incl&ding %&c# olicie%" g&ideline% and
%tandard% a% t#e Ci$il Ser$ice Co))i%%ion )ay e%tabli%#*
Pro$ided t#at t#e local c#ief e'ec&ti$e )ay e)loy
e)ergency or ca%&al e)loyee% or laborer% aid on a daily
!age or iece!or4 ba%i% and #ired t#ro&g# ?ob order% for
local ro?ect% a&t#ori(ed by t#e %angg&nian concerned"
!it#o&t need of aro$al or atte%tation by t#e CSC a% long a%
t#e %aid e)loy)ent %#all not e'ceed . )ont#%.
Case:
B&t t#e Pro$incial -o$ernor i% !it#o&t a&t#ority to
de%ignate t#e etitioner a% A%%i%tant Pro$incial Trea%&rer for
Ad)ini%tration" beca&%e &nder I:01 of t#e Local -o$ern)ent
Code" it i% t#e Secretary of >inance !#o #a% t#e o!er to
aoint A%%i%tant Pro$incial Trea%&rer% fro) a li%t of
reco))endee% of t#e Pro$incial -o$ernor (&imaan)al vs.
Commission on Au)i', "1 SCRA 1).
7. Officials co&&on to all unicipalities> Cities an,
Pro!inces 3E'96#'6:> R.A. 819:4
a. Secretary to t#e Sangg&nian
b. Trea%&rer
c. A%%e%%or
d. Acco&ntant
e. B&dget Officer
f. Planning and 8e$elo)ent Coordinator
g. ,ngineer
#. <ealt# Officer
i. Ci$il Regi%trar
?. Ad)ini%trator
4. Legal Officer
l. Agric&lt&ri%t
). Social Welfare and 8e$elo)ent Officer
n. ,n$iron)ent and Nat&ral Re%o&rce%
Officer
o. Arc#itect
. Infor)ation Officer
;. Cooerati$e% Officer
r. Po&lation Officer
%. Eeterinarian
t. -eneral Ser$ice% Officer
NOT%:
+In t#e barangay" t#e )andated aointi$e official%
are t#e Barangay Secretary and t#e Barangay Trea%&rer"
alt#o&g# ot#er official% of t#e barangay )ay be aointed by
t#e &nong barangay.
$. A,&inistrati!e ,iscipline
In$e%tigation and ad?&dication of
ad)ini%trati$e co)laint% again%t aointi$e local official%
and e)loyee% a% !ell a% t#eir %&%en%ion and re)o$al %#all
be in accordance !it# t#e ci$il %er$ice la! and r&le% and ot#er
ertinent la!%.
a. Pre$enti$e %&%en%ion/ T#e local c#ief
e'ec&ti$e )ay re$enti$ely %&%end for a
eriod not e'ceeding .@ day% any
%&bordinate official or e)loyee &nder
#i% a&t#ority ending in$e%tigation if t#e
c#arge again%t %&c# official or e)loyee
in$ol$e% di%#one%ty" ore%%ion or gra$e
)i%cond&ct or neglect in t#e erfor)ance
of d&ty" or if t#ere i% rea%on to belie$e
t#at t#e re%ondent i% g&ilty of t#e
c#arge% !#ic# !o&ld !arrant #i% re)o$al
fro) t#e %er$ice.
b. 8i%cilinary Action/ ,'cet a% ot#er!i%e
ro$ided by la!" t#e local c#ief e'ec&ti$e
)ay i)o%e t#e enalty of re)o$al fro)
%er$ice" de)otion in ran4" %&%en%ion for
not )ore t#an 1 year !it#o&t ay" fine in
an a)o&nt not e'ceeding . )ont#%1
%alary or reri)and. If t#e enalty
i)o%ed i% %&%en%ion !it#o&t ay for
not )ore t#an 9@ day%" #i% deci%ion %#all
be final* if t#e enalty i)o%ed i% #ea$ier"
t#e deci%ion %#all be aealable to t#e
Ci$il Ser$ice Co))i%%ion !#ic# %#all
decide t#e aeal !it#in 9@ day% fro)
receit t#ereof.
@II. LOCAL INITIATI@% AN( R%/%R%N(U
A. Local Initiati!e
1. 8efined/ It i% t#e legal roce%%
!#ereby t#e regi%tered $oter% of a
local go$ern)ent &nit )ay directly
roo%e" enact or a)end any
ordinance. It )ay be e'erci%ed by
all regi%tered $oter% of t#e
ro$ince%" citie%" )&nicialitie% and
barangay%
2. Proce,ure:
a. Not le%% t#an 7"@@@ regi%tered
$oter% in t#e region* 1"@@@
regi%tered $oter% in ca%e of
ro$ince% and citie%* 1@@ $oter%
in ca%e of )&nicialitie%" and
=@ in ca%e of barangay%" )ay
file a etition !it# t#e
%angg&nian concerned
roo%ing t#e adotion"
enact)ent" reeal or
a)end)ent of an ordinance.
b. If no fa$orable action i% ta4en
by t#e %angg&nian concerned
!it#in 9@ day% fro)
re%entation" t#e roonent%"
t#ro&g# t#eir d&ly a&t#ori(ed
and regi%tered rere%entati$e%"
)ay in$o4e t#eir o!er of
initiati$e" gi$ing notice t#ereof
to t#e %angg&nian concerned.
c. T#e roo%ition %#all be
n&)bered %erially" %tarting fro)
Ro)an n&)eral I. T!o or )ore
roo%ition% )ay be %&b)itted
in an initiati$e. T#e Co)elec or
it% de%ignated rere%entati$e
%#all e'tend a%%i%tance in t#e
for)&lation of t#e roo%ition.
d. Proonent% %#all #a$e 2@ day%
Bin ca%e of ro$ince% and
citie%C" .@ day% Bin ca%e of
)&nicialitie%C and 9@ day% Bin
ca%e of barangay%C fro) notice
)entioned in BbC to collect t#e
re;&ired n&)ber of %ignat&re%.
e. T#e etition %#all be %igned
before t#e election regi%trar or
#i% de%ignated rere%entati$e%"
and in t#e re%ence of a
rere%entati$e of t#e roonent
and a rere%entati$e of t#e
17
%angg&nian concerned in a
&blic lace in t#e local
go$ern)ent &nit.
f. Uon t#e la%e of t#e eriod"
t#e Co)elec %#all certify a% to
!#et#er or not t#e re;&ired
n&)ber of %ignat&re% #a% been
obtained. >ail&re to obtain t#e
re;&ired n&)ber of %ignat&re%
defeat% t#e roo%ition.
g. If t#e re;&ired n&)ber i%
obtained" t#e Co)elec %#all %et
a date for t#e initiati$e d&ring
!#ic# t#e roo%ition i%
%&b)itted to t#e regi%tered
$oter% in t#e local go$ern)ent
&nit for t#eir aro$al !it#in .@
day% Bin ca%e of ro$ince%C" :=
day% Bin ca%e of )&nicialitie%C"
and 9@ day% Bin ca%e of
barangay%C fro) t#e date of
certification by t#e Co)elec.
T#e initiati$e %#all be #eld on
t#e date %et after !#ic# t#e
re%&lt% t#ereof %#all be certified
and roclai)ed by t#e
Co)elec.
#. If t#e roo%ition i% aro$ed
by a )a?ority of t#e $ote% ca%t"
it %#all ta4e effect 1= day% after
t#e certification by t#e Co)elec
a% if affir)ati$e action #ad been
ta4en t#ereon by t#e
%angg&nian and t#e local c#ief
e'ec&ti$e concerned.

$. Li&itations:
a. On local initiati$e6
i. T#e o!er of local initiati$e %#all
not be e'erci%ed )ore t#an once a
year.
ii. Initiati$e %#all e'tend only to
%&b?ect% or )atter% !#ic# are !it#in
t#e legal o!er% of t#e %angg&nian
to enact.
iii. If at any ti)e before t#e initiati$e
i% #eld" t#e %angg&nian concerned
adot% in toto t#e roo%ition
re%ented and t#e local c#ief
e'ec&ti$e aro$e% t#e %a)e" t#e
initiati$e %#all be cancelled.
<o!e$er" t#o%e again%t %&c# action
)ay" if t#ey %o de%ire" aly for
initiati$e in t#e )anner #erein
ro$ided.
b. On t#e %angg&nian6 Any roo%ition
or ordinance aro$ed t#ro&g# an
initiati$e and referend&) %#all not be
reealed" )odified or a)ended by
t#e %angg&nian !it#in . )ont#% fro)
t#e date of aro$al t#ereof" and
)ay be a)ended" )odified or
reealed !it#in 9 year% t#ereafter by
a $ote of M of all it% )e)ber%. In
ca%e of barangay%" t#e eriod %#all
be 13 )ont#% after t#e aro$al
t#ereof.
B. Local referen,u&:
$. 8efined/ It i% t#e legal roce%% !#ereby
t#e regi%tered $oter% of t#e local
go$ern)ent &nit% )ay aro$e" a)end or
re?ect any ordinance enacted by t#e
%angg&nian.
'. T#e local referend&) %#all be #eld &nder
t#e control and direction of t#e Co)elec
!it#in .@ day% Bin ca%e of ro$ince%C" :=
day% Bin ca%e of )&nicialitie%C and 9@
day% Bin ca%e of barangay%C. T#e
Co)elec %#all certify and roclai) t#e
re%&lt% of t#e %aid referend&).

C. Aut.orit* of Courts/ Not#ing in t#e foregoing %#all
recl&de t#e roer co&rt% fro) declaring n&ll and
$oid any roo%ition aro$ed &r%&ant #ereto for
$iolation of t#e Con%tit&tion or !ant of caacity of
t#e %angg&nian concerned to enact %aid )ea%&re.
@III. LOCAL GO@%RN%NT UNIT=
A. T.e Baran5a*
1. C#ief Official% and Office%
a. T#ere %#all be in eac# barangay a
&nong baranagy" %e$en B0C %angg&niang
barangay )e)ber%" t#e %angg&niang
4abataan c#air)an" a barangay %ecretary
and a barangay trea%&rer. T#ere %#all
al%o be in e$ery barangay a l&ong
tagaa)ayaa. T#e %angg&niang
barangay )ay for) co))&nity brigade%
and create %&c# ot#er o%ition% or office%
a% )ay be dee)ed nece%%ary to carry o&t
t#e &ro%e% of t#e barangay
go$ern)ent.
b. >or &ro%e% of t#e Re$i%ed Penal Code"
t#e &nong barangay" %angg&niang
barangay )e)ber%" and t#e )e)ber% of
t#e l&ong tagaa)ayaa in eac#
barangay %#all be dee)ed a% er%on% in
a&t#ority in t#eir ?&ri%diction" !#ile ot#er
barangay official% and )e)ber% !#o )ay
be de%ignated by la! or ordinance and
c#arged !it# t#e )aintenance of &blic
order" rotection and %ec&rity of life and
roerty" or t#e )aintenance of a
de%irable and balanced en$iron)ent" and
any barangay )e)ber !#o co)e% to t#e
aid of er%on% in a&t#ority" %#all be
dee)ed a% agent% of er%on% in a&t#ority.
c. I932 BbC=C" R.A. 01.@" ro$ide% t#at t#e
&nong barangay %#all" &on aro$al by
a )a?ority of all t#e )e)ber% of t#e
Sangg&niang Barangay" aoint or
relace t#e barangay trea%&rer" t#e
barangay %ecretary" and ot#er aointi$e
local official%.
7. T.e Baran5a* Asse&bl*
T#ere %#all be a barangay a%%e)bly
co)o%ed of all er%on% !#o are act&al re%ident%
of t#e barangay for at lea%t . )ont#%" 1= year% of
age or o$er" citi(en% of t#e P#iliine%" and d&ly
regi%tered in t#e li%t of barangay a%%e)bly
)e)ber%. It %#all )eet at lea%t t!ice a year to #ear
and di%c&%% t#e %e)e%tral reort of t#e
%angg&niang barangay concerning it% acti$itie% and
finance%" a% !ell a% roble)% affecting t#e
barangay.
18
a. Po-ers of t.e Baran5a* Asse&bl*:
i. Initiate legi%lati$e roce%%e% by
reco))ending to t#e %angg&niang
barangay t#e adotion of )ea%&re% for t#e
!elfare of t#e barangay and t#e city or
)&niciality concerned*
ii. 8ecide on t#e adotion of initiati$e a% a
legal roce%% !#ereby t#e regi%tered
$oter% of t#e barangay )ay directly
roo%e" enact or a)end any ordinance*
and
iii. <ear and a%% &on t#e %e)e%tral
reort of t#e %angg&niang barangay
concerning it% acti$itie% and finance%.
$. Iatarun5an5 Pa&baran5a*
a. Lupon5 Ta5apa&a*apa
T#ere i% #ereby created in eac# barangay
a l&ong tagaa)ayaa" co)o%ed of t#e &nong
barangay a% c#air)an and 1@ to 7@ )e)ber%. T#e
L&on %#all be con%tit&ted e$ery 9 year%.
b. Po-ers of t.e Lupon:
i. ,'erci%e ad)ini%trati$e %&er$i%ion
o$er t#e conciliation anel%*
ii. Feet reg&larly once a )ont# to ro$ide
a for&) for e'c#ange of idea% a)ong it%
)e)ber% and t#e &blic of )atter%
rele$ant to t#e a)icable %ettle)ent of
di%&te%" and to enable $ario&%
conciliation anel )e)ber% to %#are !it#
one anot#er t#eir ob%er$ation% and
e'erience% in effecting %eedy re%ol&tion
of di%&te%* and
iii. ,'erci%e %&c# ot#er o!er% and
erfor) %&c# ot#er d&tie% and f&nction% a%
)ay be re%cribed by la! or ordinance.
c. Pan5Dat n5 Ta5apa5Dasun,o
T#ere %#all be con%tit&ted for eac# di%&te
bro&g#t before t#e l&on a conciliation
anel to be 4no!n a% t#e ang4at ng
tagaag4a%&ndo" con%i%ting of 9 )e)ber%
!#o %#all be c#o%en by t#e artie% to t#e
di%&te fro) t#e li%t of )e)ber% of t#e
l&on. S#o&ld t#e artie% fail to agree on
t#e ang4at )e)ber%#i" t#e %a)e %#all
be deter)ined by lot% dra!n by t#e l&on
c#air)an.
,. =ubGect &atter of a&icable settle&ent:
T#e L&on of eac# barangay %#all #a$e
a&t#ority to bring toget#er t#e artie%
act&ally re%iding in t#e %a)e city or
)&niciality for a)icable %ettle)ent of all
di%&te% e'cet*
i. W#ere one arty i% t#e go$ern)ent or
any %&bdi$i%ion or in%tr&)entality t#ereof*
ii. W#ere one arty i% a &blic officer or
e)loyee" and t#e di%&te relate% to t#e
erfor)ance of #i% official f&nction%*
iii. Offen%e% &ni%#able by i)ri%on)ent
e'ceeding one B1C year or a fine of
P="@@@.@@.
i$. Offen%e% !#ere t#ere i% no ri$ate
offended arty*
$. W#ere t#e di%&te in$ol$e% real
roertie% located in different citie% or
)&nicialitie% &nle%% t#e artie% t#ereto
agree to %&b)it t#eir difference% to
a)icable %ettle)ent by an aroriate
l&on*
$i. 8i%&te% in$ol$ing artie% !#o act&ally
re%ide in barangay% of different citie% or
)&nicialitie%" e'cet !#ere %&c#
barangay &nit% ad?oin eac# ot#er and t#e
artie% t#ereto agree to %&b)it t#eir
difference% to a)icable %ettle)ent by an
aroriate l&on*
$ii. S&c# ot#er cla%%e% of di%&te% !#ic#
t#e Pre%ident )ay deter)ine in t#e
intere%t of ?&%tice or &on t#e
reco))endation of t#e Secretary of
A&%tice.
:. =an55unian5 Iabataan:
a. Creation* co)o%ition6 T#ere %#all be in
e$ery barangay a %angg&niang 4abataan to be
co)o%ed of a c#air)an" %e$en )e)ber%" a
%ecretary and a trea%&rer. An official !#o" d&ring
#i% ter) of office" %#all #a$e a%%ed t#e age of 71
%#all be allo!ed to %er$e t#e re)aining ortion of
t#e ter) for !#ic# #e !a% elected.

b. Lati&nan ng Labataan6 S#all be co)%ed of
all citi(en% of t#e P#iliine% act&ally re%iding in t#e
barangay for at lea%t . )ont#%" !#o are 1= b&t not
)ore t#an 71 year% of age" !#o are d&ly regi%tered
in t#e li%t of t#e %angg&niang 4abataan or in t#e
official li%t in t#e c&%tody of t#e barangay %ecretary.
It %#all )eet once e$ery 9 )ont#%" or at t#e call of
t#e %angg&nian 4abataan c#air)an" or &on !ritten
etition of at lea%t 1D7@ of it% )e)ber%.

c. Pedera%yon ng )ga %angg&niang 4abataan6
T#ere %#all be an organi(ation of all t#e edera%yon
ng )ga %angg&niang 4abataan6
i. In )&nicialitie%" t#e a)bayang
edera%yon*
ii. In citie%" anl&ng%od na edera%yon*
iii. In ro$ince%" anlala!igang
edera%yon*
i$. In %ecial )etroolitan olitical
%&bdi$i%ion%" ang)etroolitang edera%yon*
$. On t#e national le$el" a)ban%ang
edera%yon.
B. T.e unicipalit*
C. T.e Cit*
(. T.e Pro!ince
%. Lea5ues of Local Go!ern&ent Units)Officials:
1. Li5a n5 &5a Baran5a*/ Organi(ation of all barangay%
for t#e ri)ary &ro%e of deter)ining t#e rere%entation of
t#e Liga in t#e %angg&nian%" and for $entilating" artic&lating
and cry%talli(ing i%%&e% affecting barangay go$ern)ent
ad)ini%tration and %ec&ring" t#ro&g# roer and legal )ean%"
%ol&tion% t#ereto.
Case:
W#ere t#e S&re)e Co&rt #eld t#at Sec. :29" R.A.
01.@" !#ic# e)o!er% t#e Liga to 5create %&c# ot#er
o%ition% a% )ay be dee)ed nece%%aryH" i% $alid" and doe%
not con%tit&te an irreg&lar delegation of o!er (.iola vs.
Alunan, G.R. 0o. 11!8%%, Augus' 1!, 1""7)
7. Lea5ue of unicipalities# Organi(ed for t#e ri)ary
&ro%e of $entilating" artic&lating and cry%talli(ing i%%&e%
affecting )&nicial go$ern)ent% ad)ini%tration" and %ec&ring"
t#ro&g# roer and legal )ean%" %ol&tion% t#ereto.
8i%tinction bet!een S&er$i%ion and Control
1. S&er$i%ion
19
a .It )ean% t#e o$er%eeing or t#e o!er or a&t#ority of an
officer to %ee t#at t#e %&bordinate officer% erfor) t#eir
d&tie%.
b. In relation to L-US" t#e Pre%ident only #a% t#e o!er of
%&er$i%ion o$er L-US. T#&%" #e cannot interfere !it# t#e
local go$ern)ent% a% long a% t#ey act !it#in t#e %coe of
t#eir a&t#ority.
c. Under t#e L-C BI7=C" t#e Pre%ident e'erci%e% direct
%&er$i%ion o$er ro$ince%" #ig#ly &rbani(ed citie% and
indeendent co)onent citie%. <e e'erci%e% indirect
%&er$i%ion o$er co)onent citie% and )&nicialitie% t#ro&g#
t#e ro$ince%. <e al%o e'erci%e% indirect %&er$i%ion o$er
barangay% t#ro&g# t#e city or )&niciality concerned.
7. Control
a. It )ean% t#e o!er of an officer to alter or )odify or n&llify
or %et a%ide !#at a %&bordinate officer #a% done in t#e
erfor)ance of #i%D#er d&tie% and to %&b%tit&te t#e ?&dg)ent
of t#e for)er for t#at of t#e latter.
b. In relation to L-U%" it i% Congre%% !#ic# e'erci%e% control
o$er t#e)
20

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