Designation: D 1110 84 (Reapproved 1995)

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Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry
Standard Method T 207 om-81
Standard Test Methods for
Water Solubility of Wood
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This standard is issued under the xed designation D 1110; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e
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NOTESection 12 was added editorially in August 1995.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods
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cover the determination of the
water solubility of wood. Two methods are given, as follows:
1.1.1 Method ACold-Water SolubilityThis method pro-
vides a measure of the tannins, gums, sugars, and coloring
matter in the wood.
1.1.2 Method BHot-Water SolubilityThis method pro-
vides a measure of the tannins, gums, sugars, coloring matter,
and starches in the wood.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Signicance and Use
2.1 Cold water removes a part of such extraneous materials
as tannins, gums, sugars, and coloring matters. Hot water
removes these plus the starches.
METHOD ACOLD-WATER SOLUBILITY
3. Apparatus
3.1 Filtering CruciblesAlundum or fritted-glass crucibles
of coarse porosity will be required.
3.2 Filtering FlaskAsuction ltering ask, equipped with
a rubber ange for the crucible and funnel, shall be provided.
4. Test Specimen
4.1 The test specimen shall consist of 2 g of air-dried
sawdust that has been ground to pass a 425-m sieve and be
retained on a 250-m sieve.
5. Procedure
5.1 Place a 2-g test specimen, the moisture content of which
has been previously determined, in a 400-mL beaker, and cover
with 300 mL of distilled water. Let this mixture digest at a
temperature of 23 6 2C, with frequent stirring, for 48 h.
5.2 Filter the material on an Alundum or fritted-glass
crucible, using suction, wash with cold distilled water, and dry
to constant weight at 100 to 105C. Drying usually requires
approximately 4 h. Place the crucible in a loosely stoppered
weighing bottle, cool in a desiccator, and weigh.
6. Report
6.1 Report the results as percentage of matter soluble in cold
water, on the moisture-free basis, calculated as follows:
Cold water solubility, % 5 @~W
1
2 W
2
!/W
1
# 3 100 (1)
where:
W
1
5 weight of moisture-free specimen used in 5.1, and
W
2
5 weight of dried specimen after extraction with cold
water (5.2).
METHOD BHOT-WATER SOLUBILITY
7. Apparatus
7.1 Digestion ApparatusA 200-mL Erlenmeyer ask pro-
vided with a reux condenser shall be used.
7.2 Water Bath, so constructed that the water can be
maintained at boiling temperature and at a constant-level just
above the solution in the ask.
7.3 Filtering Crucible and Filtering FlaskSee Section 3.
8. Test Specimen
8.1 See Section 4.
9. Procedure
9.1 Place a 2-g test specimen, the moisture content of which
has been previously determined, and 100 mL of distilled water
in the Erlenmeyer ask and attach the reux condenser. Place
the ask in the boiling water bath, with the solution in the ask
just below the level of the water in the bath, and heat gently for
3 h.
9.2 Filter the contents of the ask on a tared Alundum or
fritted-glass crucible, using suction, wash with hot water, and
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-7 on
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommitte D07.01 on Fundamental Test
Methods and Properties.
Current edition approved April 27, 1984. Published June 1984. Originally
published as D 1110 50 T. Last previous edition D 1110 56 (1977).
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For further information on these test methods, the following references may be
consulted:
Schorger, A. W., Chemistry of Cellulose and Woods, 1926, p. 506, McGraw-
Hill, NY.
Hawley and Wise, Chemistry of Wood, 1926, p. 134, Chemical Catalog Co.,
NY.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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dry to constant weight at 100 to 105C. Place the crucible in a
loosely stoppered weighing bottle, cool in a desiccator, and
weigh.
10. Report
10.1 Report the results as percentage of matter soluble in
hot water, on the moisture-free basis, calculated as follows:
Hot water solubility, % 5 @~W
1
2 W
2
!/W
1
# 3 100 (2)
where:
W
1
5 weight of moisture-free specimen used in 9.1, and
W
2
5 weight of dried specimen after extraction with hot
water (9.2).
11. Precision and Bias
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11.1 All data obtained in one laboratory by testing 20
woods.
Repeatability,
as Solubility, %
Repeatability,
% of Solubility
Cold (1.1 to 6.3 %) 0.14 5.7
Hot (1.6 to 9.0 %) 0.15 3.8
11.2 Reproducibility and bias are unknown.
12. Keywords
12.1 cold water solubility; hot water solubility; water solu-
bility
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Data in this section obtained from the Technical Association of the Pulp and
Paper Industry, P.O. Box 105113, Atlanta, GA 30348.
D 1110
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