GL120

LINUX
FUNDAMENTALS
RHEL6 SLES11 U10.04
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Version: GL120S-R6S11U1004-H00
ii
Table of Contents
Chapter 1
WHAT IS LINUX? 1
Unix Origins and Design Principles 2
Unix Timeline 3
FSF and GNU 4
GPL General Public License 5
The Linux Kernel 6
Linux Timeline 7
Components of a Distribution 9
Slackware 10
SUSE Linux Products 11
Debian 12
Ubuntu 13
Red Hat Linux Products 14
Oracle Linux 16
Mandriva 17
Chapter 2
LOGIN AND EXPLORATION 1
Logging In 2
Running Programs 3
Interacting with Command Line 4
The X Window System 6
Starting X 7
Gathering Login Session Info 9
Gathering System Info 10
got root? 11
Switching User Contexts 12
sudo 13
Help from Commands and Documentation 15
Getting Help with man & info 16
Lab Tasks 19
1. Login and Discovery 20
2. Help with Commands 25
3. Switching Users With su 29
Chapter 3
THE LINUX FILESYSTEM 1
Filesystem Support 2
Unix/Linux Filesystem Features 3
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard 4
Navigating the Filesystem 6
Displaying Directory Contents 7
Filesystem Structures 8
Determining Disk Usage With df and du 9
Determining Disk Usage With baobab 10
Disk Usage with Quotas 12
File Ownership 13
Default Group Ownership 14
File and Directory Permissions 15
File Creation Permissions with umask 17
Changing File Permissions 19
SUID and SGID on les 21
SGID and Sticky Bit on Directories 22
User Private Group Scheme 23
Lab Tasks 25
1. Navigating Directories and Listing Files 26
2. Disk and Filesystem Usage 28
3. File and Directory Ownership and Permissions [R6] 30
Chapter 4
MANIPULATING FILES 1
Directory Manipulation 2
File Manipulation 3
Deleting and Creating Files 4
Physical Unix File Structure 5
Filesystem Links 6
File Extensions and Content 7
Displaying Files 8
Previewing Files 9
Displaying Binary Files 10
Searching the Filesystem 11
Alternate Search Method 12
Producing File Statistics 13
Lab Tasks 14
1. Manipulating Files and Directories 15
2. File Examination & Search Commands 20
Chapter 5
SHELL BASICS 1
Role of Command Shell 2
Communication Channels 3
iii
File Redirection 4
Piping Commands Together 5
Filename Matching 7
File Globbing and Wildcard Patterns 8
Brace Expansion 9
Shell and Environment Variables 10
Key Environment Variables 11
General Quoting Rules 12
Nesting Commands 13
Multiple and Multi-line Commands 14
Lab Tasks 15
1. Connecting Commands 16
2. Wildcard File Matching 21
3. Shell Variables 23
4. Shell Meta-Characters 25
5. Command Substitution 28
Chapter 6
ARCHIVING AND COMPRESSION 1
Archives with tar 2
Archives with cpio 3
The gzip Compression Utility 4
The bzip2 Compression Utility 5
The XZ Compression Utility 6
The PKZIP Archiving/Compression format 7
Lab Tasks 8
1. Archiving and Compression 9
Chapter 7
TEXT PROCESSING 1
Searching Inside Files 2
The Streaming Editor 3
Text Processing with awk 4
Replacing Text Characters 5
Text Sorting 6
Duplicate Removal Utility 7
Extracting Columns of Text 8
Combining Files and Merging Text 9
Comparing File Changes 10
Lab Tasks 12
1. Text Processing 13
Chapter 8
REGULAR EXPRESSIONS 1
Regular Expression Overview 2
Regular Expressions 3
RE Character Classes 4
RE Quantiers 5
RE Parenthesis 6
Lab Tasks 7
1. Pattern Matching with Regular Expressions 8
2. Extended Regular Expressions 10
3. Using Regular Expressions With sed 13
Chapter 9
TEXT EDITING 1
Text Editing 2
Pico/GNU Nano 3
Pico/Nano Interface 4
Pico/Nano Shortcuts 5
vi and Vim 6
Learning vi 7
Basic vi 8
Intermediate vi 9
Emacs 12
The Emacs Interface 13
Basic Emacs 14
More Emacs Commands 16
Lab Tasks 17
1. Text Editing with Nano 18
2. Text Editing with Vim 22
3. Text Editing with Emacs 33
Chapter 10
COMMAND SHELLS 1
Shells 2
Identifying the Shell 4
Changing the Shell 5
Bourne sh: Conguration Files 6
Script Execution 7
Bourne sh: Prompts 8
bash: Bourne-Again Shell 9
bash: Conguration Files 10
bash: Command Line History 11
bash: Command Editing 12
iv
bash: Command Completion 14
bash: "shortcuts" 15
bash: prompt 16
Lab Tasks 17
1. Linux Shells 18
2. Bash History 22
3. Aliases 25
4. Bash Login Scripts 27
5. The Z Shell 29
Chapter 11
INTRODUCTION TO SHELL SCRIPTING 1
Shell Script Strengths and Weaknesses 2
Example Shell Script 3
Positional Parameters 4
Input & Output 5
Doing Math 7
Comparisons with test 8
Exit Status 9
Conditional Statements 10
Flow Control: case 11
The for Loop 13
The while and until Loops 14
Lab Tasks 15
1. Writing a Shell Script 16
Chapter 12
PROCESS MANAGEMENT AND JOB CONTROL 1
What is a Process? 2
Process Lifecycle 3
Process States 4
Viewing Processes 5
Signals 6
Tools to Send Signals 7
Job Control Overview 8
Job Control Commands 9
Persistent Shell Sessions with Screen 10
Using screen 11
Advanced Screen 13
Lab Tasks 14
1. Job Control Basics 15
2. Process Management and Job Control Basics 21
3. Screen Basics 25
4. Using Screen Regions 29
Chapter 13
MANAGING SOFTWARE 1
Downloading with FTP 2
FTP 3
lftp 5
Command Line Internet Non-interactive 6
Command Line Internet Interactive 8
Managing Software Dependencies 9
Using the YUM command 11
YUM package groups 14
Conguring YUM 15
Popular Yum Repositories 16
Using the Zypper command 18
Zypper Services and Catalogs 20
The dselect & APT Frontends to dpkg 21
Aptitude 22
Conguring APT 23
Lab Tasks 25
1. Command Line File Transfers 26
2. Managing YUM Repositories [R6] 30
3. Managing Zypper Repositories [S11] 33
Chapter 14
MESSAGING 1
System Messaging Commands 2
Controlling System Messaging 4
Internet Relay Chat 5
Instant Messenger Clients 6
Electronic Mail 7
Sending Email with sendmail 8
Sending and Receiving Email with mail 9
Sending and Receiving Email with mutt 11
Sending Email with Pine 12
Evolution 13
Lab Tasks 14
1. Command Line Messaging 15
2. Command Line Email 19
Chapter 15
PRINTING 1
Linux Printer Sub-systems 2
v
Legacy Print Systems 3
Common UNIX Printing System 4
Dening a Printer 5
Standard Print Commands 7
Format Conversion Utilities 8
Ghostscript 9
enscript and mpage 10
Lab Tasks 11
1. Printing 12
Chapter 16
THE SECURE SHELL (SSH) 1
Secure Shell 2
ssh and sshd Conguration 3
Accessing Remote Shells 4
Transferring Files 5
Alternative sftp Clients 6
SSH Key Management 7
ssh-agent 8
Lab Tasks 9
1. Introduction to ssh and scp 10
2. SSH Key-based User Authentication 12
3. Using ssh-agent 15
Chapter 17
MOUNTING FILESYSTEMS & MANAGING REMOVABLE MEDIA 1
Filesystems Concept Review 2
Mounting Filesystems 3
NFS 4
SMB 5
Filesystem Table (/etc/fstab) 6
AutoFS 7
Removable Media 8
Lab Tasks 9
1. Accessing NFS Shares 10
2. On-demand lesystem mounting with AutoFS 12
Chapter 18
PRE-INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS 1
Pre-Installation Considerations 2
Hardware Compatibility 3
Multi-OS Booting 5
Partition Considerations 6
Filesystem Planning 7
Selecting a Filesystem 8
Chapter 19
INSTALLING RHEL6 1
Anaconda: An Overview 2
Anaconda: Booting the System 4
Anaconda: Common Boot Options 5
Anaconda: Loading Anaconda and Packages 6
Anaconda: Storage Options 7
Anaconda: Troubleshooting 8
FirstBoot 9
A Typical Install 10
Lab Tasks 17
1. Linux Installation [R6] 18
Chapter 20
INSTALLING SLES11 1
Installation Choices 2
DVD-ROM Install Media 3
Network Installation 4
SLP for SUSE Linux Installation 5
Local Hard Drive Installation 6
The linuxrc Program 7
Install Program Interface 8
Installation Diagnostics 9
Language/Keyboard Selection and EULA 10
Installation Mode 12
Clock and Time Zone 13
Desktop Selection 14
Server Base Scenario 15
The YaST Installer Design 16
Disk Partitioning 17
Boot Loader Conguration 19
Software Package Selection 20
Kernel Crash Dump Conguration 21
Conrmation and File Installation 22
Setting the Root Password 23
Hostname and Domain Name 24
Network Conguration 25
SLES Services Conguration 26
Adding a User Account 27
Release Notes 28
vi
Final Installation Hub 29
Installation Complete and AutoYaST2 "Cloning" 30
Lab Tasks 31
1. SUSE Installation [S11] 32