ENGLI SH-WRI TI NG 1

Chapter 8
Universitas Terbuka
Korea Selatan
2014
Maulida Mazaya
CLASS 7
Modul 8
Grammar
Writing differences between two things.
Writing questions for survey.
Develop story from picture.
2
OBJECTIVE
Kompetensi Umum
Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu membandingkan derajat
perbedaan (degree of comparison) dalam Bahasa Inggris
Kompetensi Khusus
Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu menulis perbedaan antara
dua hal, menulis pertanyaan untuk survey kepuasan dengan
jawaban yang menyatakan degree of comparison atau
adverb of frequency, dan dapat mengembangkan cerita dari
gambar.

3
DEGREES OF COMPARISON
1. Positive (sama atau sebanding)
as [adj/adv] as
Jonny is attractive. Sam is attractive.
Jonny is as attractive as Sam (is).
Brian screams loudly. Reese screams loudly.
Brian screams as loudly as Reese does.
2. Comparative (lebih )
[adj/adv] + -er + than OR more + [adj/adv] + than
John is taller than Tom.
Kate drives the car more carefully than Amanda does.
3. Superlative (paling )
the [adj/adv] + -est . in/of
She is the most famous artist in her country.


DEGREES OF COMPARISON
Positive Comparative Superlative
satu suku kata
Contoh: bright
+ er

Contoh: brighter
+ est

Contoh: brigthest
dua suku kata dan berakhiran -er, y,
-ow, -le
Contoh: heavy, narrow, simple
+ er


Contoh: heavier, narrower,
simpler
+ est


Contoh: the heaviest, the narrowest,
the simplest
dua suku kata lainnya
Contoh: patient
More + adjective

Misal: more patient
The most + adjective

Misal: most patient
berakhiran -ous, -ed, -re, -ing, -ful,
Misal: Beatiful
More + adjective

Misal: More beatiful
The most + adjective

Misal: the most beautiful
IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES
Kata-kata yang bisa menggunakan -er ataupun more:
quiet, clever, narrow, shallow, dan simple
Adjective Comparative Superlative Example
good better the best Tara is the best athlete in the school.
well (healthy) better the best
He is still in hospital, but he is better than he
was last week.
bad worse the worst You are the worst driver I have ever known.
far further the furthest My house is the furthest one.
far farther the farthest My house is the farther one.
old (people in a family) elder the eldest Ram is my elder brother.
old (general use) older the oldest Your teacher is older than my teacher.
DEGREES OF COMPARISON
A bit/much + comparative
A bit: Dipakai dalam membandingkan perbedaan dua hal yang sangat
tipis/sedikit.
Adam is a bit taller than Danny.
Much: Dipakai dalam membandingkan perbedaan dua hal yang besar.
His girlfriend is much younger than him.

Get + comparative
The kids get taller.
I got fatter after coming to Korea.


PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Dipakai untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang telah lewat.
Untuk menyatakan sudah, belum, pernah, belum pernah.
Keterangan waktu: recently dan lately.
now
past future
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Positive Sentence:
S + have/has + past participle (V3)
They have returned my book
S + have/has + been + adv/adj/noun
He has been sick
Negative Sentence:
S + have/has + not + past participle (V3)
I have not submitted my paper
S + have/has + not + been + adv/adj/noun
I have not been to Jerussalem
Interrogative Sentence:
Have/Has + S + Past participle (V3)?
Have you signed the form?
Have/Has + S + been + adv/adj/noun?
Have you been away for a long time?

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Untuk menekankan sudah gunakan already setelah kata
have/has
I have been to Bali
Untuk kalimat negative gunakan kata yet di akhir kalimat
She has not come yet.
Kata ever hanya untuk kalimat interogatif.
Have you ever eaten octopus?
Untuk menekankan baru saja gunakan just setelah kata
have/has
I have just called you.

10
ADVERB OF FREQUENCIES
Menerangkan berapa sering sebuah peristiwa terjadi atau
pelaku melakukan suatu kegiatan.

0 Never I never smoke
1 Hardly ever
2 Not very often
3 Occasionally
4 Sometimes Sometimes I play basketball.
5 Quite often
6 Often
7 Usually/normally I usually get up early.
8 Very often
9 Almost always
10 Always
FOR DAN SINCE
For
Menyatakan kurun waktu tertentu. Misal: for one minute, for one day, for
one week, dst.
I have had this car for 10 years.
Since
Menyatakan waktu satu waktu pada masa yang sudah lewat. Misal: since
yesterday, since 1990, dst
I have had this car since 2003.
now
past future
For (for 1 year)
Since (since last year)
2012
CLAUSES WITHOUT WH
Wh clause that, who, whose, whom, which, where, when

I saw a young girl.
She was very beautiful.
S: I
V: saw
O: a young girl

The young girl whom I saw was very beautiful.
The young girl I saw was very beautiful.
CLAUSES WITHOUT WH
The old lady is carrying a luggage.
It is very big.
S: The old lady
V: is carrying
O: a big luggage

The luggage that the old lady is carrying is very big.
The luggage the old lady is carrying is very big.