Mindanao State University- Iligan Institute of Technology

AB-SOCIOLOGY

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Title: Solid Waste Management
Author: Greg Divino, Raizsa Ramos, Anafemolyn Ningaska, Raizsa Piquero, Maureen Ruda and
Haydee Bongolto
Source: www.wikipedia.com (http://solidwastemngt.weebly.com/chapter-i-introduction.html)






Submitted by:
Paylaga, Mary Glorie Ann J.
SUMMARY
Solid waste management
In technical note, the term solid waste is used to include all non-liquid wastes generated by
human activity and a range of solid waste material resulting from the disaster, such as general
domestic garbage such as food waste, ash and packaging materials; human feces disposed of in
garbage; emergency waste such as plastic water bottles and packaging from other emergency
supplies; rubble resulting from the disaster. Other specialist wastes, such as medical waste from
hospitals and toxic waste from industry, will also need to be dealt with urgently. (World Health
Organization, 2011).
Introduction
Ones problem is everyones problem. Waste is everyones business. We all produce waste
in our daily doing like water waste and solid waste. So in this study we will focus on the solid
waste. As we continue reading this paper we will know the different ways of handling solid
waste. We will also know the programs that should be implemented in every barangay.
Statement of the Problem
This paper focuses on delivering the issue on the students regarding solid waste
management.
Specifically this study seek to answer the following questions:
1. What are the learning of the students regarding solid waste management?
2. What are the reactions of the students regarding the solid waste management?
3. Do they really listen in the advocacy campaign time?

Scope and Limitation
This advocacy campaign focuses on the on delivering the message on solid waste
management the consequences that they will encounter if they continue throwing garbage
anywhere, the effects of proper and improper solid waste management and the 3Rs.
The venue is in General Santos City National High School. We advocate on 4 sections
only namely, I-Archimedes, II-Aristotle, II-Mendel and III-Narra.
Significance of the Study
To the school, it helps them to maintain the cleanliness of the school through the advocacy
that we made.
To the teachers, it would help them to lessen their job as teacher to tell the students
regarding the solid waste management.
To the students, this advocacy lightens them up regarding the improper solid waste
management and they would know the effects of it. They would also know the ways in throwing
their garbage properly.
To the community, it help them to know what are the different way of handling the solid
waste in their barangay and would come up with a better way of handling waste.
To the barangay officials, it would help them to know what the practices of the residence
are and would take an action of a better way of collecting solid waste in the community.
LEGAL BASES, REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter contains some related studies and related literature having bearing on the study.
This gave important concepts and ideas for the development of the study.

LEGAL BASES
Waste management is the "generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment,
handling, reuse and residual disposition of solid wastes". The term usually relates to materials
produced by human activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect
on health, the environment or aesthetics. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_management)
Article 4 Recycling Program Section 26 of R.A 9003 Inventory of Existing Markets for
Recyclable Materials. The DTI shall within six (6) months from the effectively of this Act and in
cooperation with the Department, the DILG and other concerned agencies and sectors, publish a
study of existing markets for processing and purchasing recyclable materials and the potential
steps necessary to expand these markets.
Section 25 of R.A 9003. Guidelines for Transfer Stations. Transfer stations shall be
designed and operated for efficient waste handling capacity and in compliance with
environmental standards and guidelines set pursuant to this Act and other regulations:
Provided, that no waste shall be stored in such station beyond twenty-four (24) hours. The
design shall give primary consideration to size and space sufficiency in order to accommodate
the waste for storage and vehicles for loading and unloading of wastes.

RELATED LITERATURE
Solid waste management
The Municipal Council enacted an ordinance establishing solid waste management also
known as Perkash Fashura Ordinance Na Isadanga.The ordinance prohibits dumping of
garbage anywhere other than those recognized and established garbage facilities; dumping of
unclean and unsegregated waste at the redemption center/facility; discharging of human feces
along the creeks and rivers; throwing of wastes in creeks, rivers, public places such as roads,
sidewalks and establishments; and burning of garbage particularly non-biodegradable wastes.
It also requires residents to practice segregation of wastes at source. The local government is
responsible for collecting reusable, recyclable and non-biodegradable waste materials from the
material recovery facilities; and transporting them to the recycling centers and or to the
municipal material recovery facility. Collection of segregated solid wastes is scheduled per
barangay (Saley, 2012).
3Rs (Reduce Reuse Recycle)
The Environmental Protection Agency has determined a three tiered approach for
managing solid waste. Each of these should be practiced to reduce the amount material headed
for final disposal. They are in order of importance: REDUCE, the best way to manage solid
waste is buy only what you need. Avoid heavily packaged products. Avoid disposable items
like paper plates and plastic silverware. REUSE, the better way to manage solid waste. Reuse
items use them over and over until they are completely worn out. RECYCLE, the good way to
manage solid waste, Recycle means taking something old and making it into something new.
(Seminole County Government, 2012).
RELATED STUDIES
Foreign studies
A detailed investigation was made regarding the methods of practices associated with
sources, quantity generated, collection, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of
Municipal solid waste in Mysore City. The data concerning to SWM in Mysore was obtained
through questionnaire, individual field visit, interacting with people and authentic record of
municipal corporation. Photographic evidences were also made about generation, storage,
collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of MSW. This study reveals that the present
system of MSWM in Mysore City is not satisfactory based on Municipal Solid Waste
Management & Handling Rules 2000 (Chandra, et al., 2009).
Local studies
The experiences and practices of household waste management of people in a barangay
(village) in Manila, Philippines are documented. The data were gathered through an interview
with household members using open-ended questions. Interviews were also conducted with
garbage collectors as well as scavengers. Results showed that the households generated an
average of 3.2 kg of solid waste per day, or 0.50 kg/capita/day. It is worth noting, however,
that burning of waste is not done by the respondents. The households rely on garbage
collection by the government. Collection is done twice daily, except Sundays, and household
members bring their garbage when the garbage truck arrives. However, there are those who
dump their garbage in non-designated pick-up points, usually in a corner of the street. The
dumped garbage becomes a breeding ground for disease-causing organisms. Some household
respondents said that it is possible that the dumping in certain areas caused the dengue fever
suffered by some of their family members. The results of the study showed that RA 9003, also
known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, is not fully implemented in
Metro Manila (Bernardo, 2008).
METHODOLOGY
This chapter is consists of the procedure of the advocacy. It gives details of the progressive
development in step-by-step manner.
We are assigned in General Santos City National High School to campaign our advocacy
about Solid Waste Management. And we are also told to choose four (4) different sections for
the campaign. At exactly 8:00 in the morning, we are all gathered at the entrance gate of the said
school. We chose three (3) sections in Engineering and Science Education Program which are
the I-Archimedes, II-Mendel and II-Aristotle. And one (1) section in the Basic Education
Curriculum which is the III-Narra.
We introduce our advocacy by first letting them understand what solid waste management
really is. And then we cited disasters that are caused by improper waste management. The effects
and consequences are also discussed. We also got a chance to share to them the importance of
solid waste management. And to fully get their attention we actually shared a situation wherein
three students were punished by just not throwing their candy wrapper in the trash can.
We end our campaign by letting them ask themselves if they want our society be change for
the better. And encourage them to be the change they want to be.
Results and Discussion
Solid Waste Management (SWM) is important in daily activities especially that we are
dealing a lot of waste every day, in streets, markets, schools and even in our houses. In having
this advocacy with the students in General Santos City High School, the students as well as the
researchers open up their minds on how waste affect the community, school and even in our
country.
Based on the advocacy campaign of the researchers, the following results and discussion are
as follows:
The students learn new concepts about Solid Waste Management
The students are aware about Solid Waste Management
The students knew the effects of improper Solid Waste Management
The students also knew the benefits of Solid Waste Management
They visualize the importance of having a proper Solid Waste Management
The students mind was tickled because of our advocacy campaign
They enjoy having this kind of advocacy especially to those students who doesnt have the idea or does not care
about Solid Waste Management
They gain insights on what will happen if we have to continue adopting an improper Solid Waste Management
They learn and share the ideas to others about what we have discussed regarding Solid Waste Management
CONCLUSIONS AND RECCOMENDATIONS
This chapter contains the conclusions and recommendations based on the results of the
advocacy.
Our advocacy campaign in General Santos City National High School was indeed a successful
and effective one, because lots of students learned from us regarding the solid waste
management; its effect, the tragedies that will occur if proper solid waste management will not
be practiced here, in General Santos City. And in return we also learned from them.
The following are recommended for the effectiveness and improvement of the said advocacy:
1. Conduct a higher level of advocacy like conducting in the barangay, big establishments, and
even in the market
2. Add more instructional material for additional effectiveness of the advocacy.
3. Give some flyers to ease burden during the advocacy.

REFERENCES
A. BOOK
Healey, J. (2010). Recycling and Managing Waste v.305. Australia: The
Spinney Press. Sta. Rosa City.

B. JOURNALS AND NEWSPAPER

Chandra, Y. I., & Devi, N. (2009). Studies on Municipal Solid Waste
Management in Mysore City- A case study. Mysore City: China
University of Geosciences.

Saley, J. B. (August 24, 2012). Sadanga enacts on solid waste
management. Baguio: Sun.Star Baguio.


C. ONLINE SOURCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_management

Rose, C. J. (2009, July 22). Waste Management. ezinearticles.com.
Retrieved from ezinearticles.com: http://ezinearticles.com/?Waste-Management-Disposal-
and-Treatment&id=2646104

Seminole County Government . (2012). Retrieved September 05, 2012,
from http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/envsrvs/solidwaste/3rs.aspx

WHO. (2011). Vector-borne disease. Retrieved September 14, 2011, from
http://www.google.com.ph/search

Wholistic Environmental Consuling, L. (2007). The Sad Saga of Unwanted
Garbage. Retrieved September 4, 2011, from
http://www.composterconnection.com/site/garbage-gripes.html