IELTS WRITING

HANDBOOK
WRITING TASK 1 (app. 20 min)
STRUCTURE OF THE DIAGRAMGRA!H DESCRI!TION"
1. O!ENING STATEMENT (Dont copy the tte of the
dagram. Instead wrte a comment about the genera
trends shown. Dont menton specc detas n the
openng statement. Say what the dagram/graph/chart s
about)
2. GENERAL INFORMATION AND MOST SIGNIFICANT
TRENDS# focus on the most notceabe facts. Dont
menton your own opnon/poston/con|ectures regardng
the data. The nformaton presented n the rst task must
be wrtten from an ob|ectve/ mpersona pont of vew. You
dont need to ncude a the detas of dagrams. Group
ony key nformaton n a ogca, reevant way.
3. MORE S!ECIFIC INFORMATION AND E$IDENCE OF
SIGNIFICANT TRENDS# You dont need to have a
"cassc" concuson. |ust end your descrpton by
mentonng more specc nformaton as we as evdence
of sgncant trends.
STRUCTURE OF %DESCRIBE A !ROCESS& TASK"
1. WRITE THE INTRODUCTOR' STATEENT ABOUT THE
!ROCESS 'OU ARE DESCRIBING (Decde whether the
process has a start or end pont or f t s a cyce).
2. WRITE 'OUR DESCRI!TION IN A LOGICAL ORDER B'
FOLLOWING THE !ICTURE AND USING THE
$OCABULAR' !RO$IDED (Incude nkng words to hep
sequence your descrpton)
(. DESCRIBE THE ENDROUND#U! OF THE !ROCESS#
(Agan, dont wrte the "cassc" concuson; Descrbe the
way the process ends/s rounded up)
W)i*in+ in*),-./*,)0 12n*2n/21 (pi1an32 .4,-ni5
)262ni/a)"
T0p2 ,7 /5a)* 42)8 -21/)ip*i,n
The ustraton shows the number of .
graph ustrates the proporton of.
pe chart presents nformaton on.
tabe contans data on...
E9amp:2"
The two pie charts show the proportion of males and females in
employment in 6 broad categories.
C,mpa)i1,n (p,)2-32n32)"
U toku prvog zadatka cesto |e neophodno uporedt 2 grakona, tabee funkc|e.
Neke od fraza ko|e se korste prkom pored|en|a su:
1. Descrbng |ust one part of the chart (Opsvan|e samo |ednog dea
grakona). Npr.:

The most popular car colour is white
The second most common colour is red.
2. Comparng two parts of the pe chart (Pored|en|e dva dea "d|agrama
pte"):

Red is substantially
considerably
a lot more common
far than blue.
much
somewhat less popular
signifcantly
slightly
Whte s a8,.* *;i/2 a1 common a1 red.
*5)22 *im21 a1 popuar a1 red.
E9p)211in+ <+.)21 an- =.an*i*i21"
They spent 1000 euros on travel costs. They spent half as much money
on the project.
Prices more than trebled/doubled/quadrupled in only two years.
Oceania had over twice as many people in 1!0 as it did in 100.
"n 1# the percentage of glass and aluminium recycled was exactly the
same.
Very little plastic was recycled in 1$. %&'PO()&'* +oristite little ,a
uncountable nouns and few ,a countable nouns-.
"n 1.# both &orth 'merica and Oceania consumed a quarter of/a half
of/a third of/three quarters of world plastic.
Half as much money was spent on ta/eaway meals in 1011. as it
was in 200112002.
$2)81 *, -21/)i82 +),;*5 (+:a+,:i >,3i ,pi1.3. )a1*)"
rse
ncrease
grow
A-42)81 *5a* -21/)i82 5,; 1,m2*5in+ +),;1 (p)i:,?i >3,3i ,pi1.3. >a>,
n2@*, )a1*2)"
rapdy dramatcay sharpy
moderatey steady graduay
E9amp:2"
3ales increased slightly over the last few months.
$2)81 *, -21/)i82 -2/:in2"
fa decrease decne
drop
A-42)81 *, -21/)i82 -2/:in2"
sghty sowy rapdy
dramatcay sharpy graduay
E9amp:2"
3ales have decreased only slightly in the month of 4uly.
Wa01 *, -21/)i82 *)2n-1"
T52)2 ;a1;2)2 an .p;a)- *)2n-.
a -,;n;a)- *)2n-
A./*.a*i,n1
I* A./*.a*2-.
E9amp:2"
"n 4anuary there was an upward trend in the number of tourists
and it reached a pea/ in 4uly.
W,)-1 7,) 29p)211in+ app),9ima*i,n (R26i >,3ima 12 ,pi1.3. p)i8:iBn2
4)2-n,1*i)"
roughy neary approxmatey
Around about |ust/we over
|ust/we under
WRITING TASK 1# SAM!LE
1. 5oo/ at the
6gures for
e7penditure on
education in the
diagram below.
8sing the
information on
the countries
given in the
diagram#
describe the
changes in the levels of spending on education# in general terms and with
speci6c e7amples.
The dagram compares spendng on educaton n certan deveopng countres n
two years, 1972 and 1986. Wth regard to tota government expendture, the
genera trend of expendture on educaton n most countres actuay decreased
over the fourteen year perod.
Speccay the country where the reducton n spendng has been greatest s
Bova, where t decreased from 30 per cent n 1972 to a tte over 10 per cent n
1986. However, athough ths drop s consderabe n 1972, Bova spent about a
thrd more than any of the other countres consdered here. Tanzana aso showed
a arge drop from 17 per cent to eght, one of the owest gures n Afrca.
Far smaer drops of two or three per cent took pace n other Afrcan countres
ke Kenya, where amost 20 per cent s st spent on educaton; Burkna Faso or
Morocco, both spendng over fteen per cent; whe Uganda kept ts spendng
stabe at sghty under fteen per cent. Maaw was not abe to do ths and
dropped by amost a quarter, to eves ony sghty ahead of Bangadesh, now ten
per cent.
The ony countres abe to reverse ths pattern are Oman and Pakstan. Omans
expendture s now up to ten per cent whe Pakstans s up to ve.
DISCURSI$E ESSA'# IELTS ACADEMIC WRITING TASK 2
W,)- :imi*" min 2C0 ;,)-1
Tim2" D0 min.*21
I INTRODUCTION 15,.:- 5a42 *52 7,::,;in+ 1*)./*.)2 (2#( 12n*2n/21)
1. Frst sentence s a genera entry nto the gven topc
2. Second sentence shoud narrow down on the essay queston and
paraphrase t
3. Thrd sentence shoud be your thess
II BOD' 15,.:- 5a42 (#D pa)a+)ap51"
1. Each paragraph shoud ntroduce a new dea
2. Paragraphs shoud be ceary separated from each other
3. You can emphasze that you are begnnng a new paragraph not ony by
dvdng the text but aso by usng nkng devces (rst, moreover, etc.).
4. Each paragraph shoud have the foowng structure:
T,pi/ 12n*2n/2- your main i-2a for ths paragraph
S.pp,)*in+ a)+.m2n* 1 (-2*ai:)
S.pp,)*in+ a)+.m2n* 2 (-2*ai:)
S.pp,)*in+ a)+.m2n* ( (-2*ai:)
The number or supportng deas can range from 2-3 dependng on
the ength of the essay, reevance of deas and of course, the tme
mt that you shoud aways keep n mnd
Supportng arguments are reevant exampes from your own
knowedge or experence. They can be concrete facts, exampes,
detas or accounts of your own experence.
REMEMBER that sometmes the essay queston mght ask you to
dscuss two opposng vews on the sub|ect (e.g. pro and aganst the
use of computers n the cassroom) pus state your own opnon. In
ths case t s best to spt the body of the essay nto three
paragraphs and devote one paragraph to each aspect.
III CONCLUSION 15,.:- 5a42 *52 7,::,;in+ 1*)./*.)2 (2#( 12n*2n/21)"
1. The rst sentence can restate your thess and paraphrase the topc
sentences from the body of your essay
2. Your ast sentence can open up a sghty dherent perspectve on the ssue
by rasng a suggeston or gvng a predcton of some future trend for
nstance
WRITING TASK 2# SAM!LE
(odern technology is transforming the way we wor/ and is of bene6t to all
of society.
It s true that modern technoogy s transformng the way we work but whether t
benets a of socety s ess cear. It depends what we mean by socety, whether
we are thnkng of peope as ndvduas or as a coectve.
For exampe, the use of modern technoogy may cause a decrease n numbers of
peope empoyed as some work s taken over by machnes. Ths can ead to
redundancy as |obs dsappear and there s an ncrease n unempoyment. An
addtona probem s that the |obs whch dsappear are often done by unsked
abour, whe new postons created frequenty requre sked operators.
However, modern technoogy has the potenta to transform a of socety. For
exampe, a great dea more s produced on a farm wth the ad of modern
technoogy than the yeds whch are acheved wthout ths hep. It s therefore
cear that t provdes benet for us. On the other hand, some countres n the
Thrd Word do not have access to the atest technoogy. Ths can make the
dherence between the deveopng and deveoped words bgger.
Modern technoogy used n medcne has two advantages. There are now
mproved drugs to cure certan nesses and technoogy has made t possbe for
greater precson n surgery or better possbtes of recoverng because ntensve
care treatment s more sophstcated. Ths ahects the way doctors and hosptas
do ther |obs. But not a countres or even a peope n some countres, can
ahord to take advantage of these mprovements.
In concuson, I agree that a transformaton s takng pace but I do not agree that
ths provdes benets to a of socety. |272 words|
TO!IC $OCABULAR'
CHILDREN AND FAMIL'
Brng up, upbrngng, reatves, sbngs, protectve, over-
protectve, strct, rase, rebeous, dependent, enent, nurture,
famy tes, to ook ke, to take after
FRIENDS AND RELATIONS
Acquantance, admre, amabe, a ot n common, bond, on good
terms, see eye to eye, shared nterests, supportve, fa out wth
EDUCATION
Acqure, enro, fa/pass/take/st an exam,
graduate/undergradate student, supervsor, masters/PhD
thess, thess defense, supervsor, graduate, to be
sked/good/bad at somethng, to take a course
FOOD AND DIET
Consume, baanced det, eatng dsorder, fast food, |unk food,
genetcay moded food, processed food, manourshed,
nutrtous, nutrton, manutrton, scarce, scarcty, obese,
underweght
HEALTH AND EEERCISE
Actve festye, aerobcs, cut down, eatng dsorder, fa , go
|oggng, go swmmng, n good shape, keep t, festye, ook
after, on a det, put on wegth, sedentary festye, skn
probems, take up, sm
THE MEDIA
Censor, censorshp, |ournasm, |ournast, broadcast, current
ahars, edtor, dumbng down, unscrupuous, nvason of
prvacy, paparazz, ceebrtes, readershp, reaty TV, sander,
sanderous, honest, nformatve, gutter press
MO$IES AND THE THEATRE
Atmosphere, audence, beevabe, bg budget, cast,
entertanng, exctng, frghtenng, performance, pot, scence
cton, soundtrack, speca ehects, terrfyng,
MONE' AND FINANCE
Cost of vng, broke, dscount, dstrbuton of weath,
economca, economc, economze, exorbtant, extravagant,
fruga, ncome, market, mortgage, overprced, penson,
prceess, saary, unempoyment, wthdraw
NATURE AND THE EN$IRONMENT
Anma rghts, bodversty, cmatc change, bodegradabe
packagng, contamnated, eco-frendy, endangered speces,
envronmentay frendy, extnct, fumes, goba warmng,
greenhouse ehect, greenhouse gases, natura resources,
organc farmng, ozone ayer, poachng, pouton, recuce,
renewabe/sustanabe energy, soar power, toxc waste
ON THE ROAD
Acceerate, congeston, crosswak, drnk-drvng, drvng test,
drvers cense, ntersecton,overtake, pedestran, pubc
transport, pu n, pu over, rush hour, sdewak, speed mt,
tramc |am
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOG'
Anayze, breakthrough, dscover, dscovery, genetc
engneerng, nnovaton, nvent, nventon, fe expectancy,
technocrat, technophobe, nucear engneerng, ecentst,
safeguard
TOWN AND COUNTR'
Amentes, apartment bock, commuter, commuter bet,
congeston, cost of vng, crowded, cutura events,
depopuaton, drug abuse, eds, nner cty, vey, shoppng
ma, metng pot, nghtfe, outskrts, peacefu, popuaton
exposon, poverty, resdenta area, rura, rush hour, sum,
stressfu, suburbs, urban spraw, urban festye
'OUR HOME TOWN
Amenttes, communty sprt, demoshed, envronment,
heathcare, hstorc, homeessness, |ob opportuntes, oca
customs, monuments, museum, neghborhood, neghbors,
parks, peacefu, pedestranzed popuaton, re|uvenated,
renovated, rura, street crme
TRA$EL
Accmatze, cuture shock, cruse, customs, dspaced,
ecotorusm, emgrate, emgraton, |ourney, uggage, mass
toursm
WORK
Adverse workng condtons, appcant, be made redundant,
bue-coar worker, demandng, downsze, empoyee, empoyer,
re, xed ncome, exbe workng hours, freeance, fu tme,
ncentves, ncentve scheme, ncome, |ob satsfacton, |ob
securty, overtme, part-tme, penson, perks, promoton, rase,
sef-empoyed, a steady |ob, stress, supervsor, unempoyed,
unempoyment, unsked, workahoc, whte-coar worker