What we want you to know about the 2013 APUSH summer reading

MAYFLOWER: A Story of Courage, Community and War Nathaniel Philbrick, 2006

Read the book in chunks. Give yourself the time to relax and sink into the 1th century.
!x"erience #hat the Pil$rims felt as they crossed the %tlantic and ho# they thou$ht about life
u"on their arrival. Put yourself in their shoes throu$hout the book. &or your information, most of
this story is im"ortant to your understandin$ of early Ne# !n$land. Nevertheless, some of you
may #ant to skim the battle scenes in Part '(.
Philbrick uses the term )'ndian) throu$hout the book. *his is a harmful stereoty"e. 'nstead of
#ritin$ )'ndian) on any +ui,, test or essay throu$hout the course, "lease #rite Native %merican
or Native Peo"le. -etter yet, use the "erson.s tribal name such as Pokanokets or /oha#ks.
-ecause not every conce"t, name and battle you read is im"ortant, #e are offerin$ this study
$uide. -e able to ex"lain the key characters and key conce"ts in 201 sentences, ans#er the
)s"ecific +uestions,) and discuss the )thou$ht0"rovokin$ +uestions.)
2ou do not need to #rite out or to turn the ans#ers in on the first day of school3 ho#ever, it is a
$ood idea to outline or write down your responses so that you #ill be able to ans#er the
+uestions, either in a class discussion or on a 4o"en0note56 +ui,7 test durin$ the first t#o #eeks.
Key characters: Key concets:
8illiam -radford 9eiden, :olland
/assasoit ;aints and ;tran$ers
!d#ard 8inslo# /ayflo#er7 Plymouth 0 1620
;+uanto /ayflo#er <om"act
/iles ;tandish &irst *hanks$ivin$
*om /orton 8essa$usett = 1621 attack
Ro$er 8illiams General <ourt
>in$ Phili" ? 4/etacom??6 Pe+uot 8ar = 161
@osiah 8inslo# Prayin$ 'ndians
-enAamin <hurch :alf0#ay <ovenant
;amuel /oseley >in$ Phili".s 8ar 0 16B0166
Vocab: Sachem/ wigwam/ powwow/ wampum
* Philbrick spells the name with one L. Two Ls is a misspelling, as you will note on some Internet sites.
** Metacom is also know as Metacomet.
All page numbers refer to the Hardback copy of the book.
Specific questions
!REFACE 0 't.s a $ood overvie#. 't mi$ht be a $reat idea to read it a$ain after you finish
readin$ the book.
4xiii6 0 )search for reli$ious freedom5) 8hat does Philbrick mean by this term5 4see ".C6. 't.s a
different conce"t than reli$ious toleration, 4see ".B6.
!AR" # $ %isco&ery
Chater '
4"a$e C6 8hat did Puritans believe about the <hurch of !n$land5
4C6 8hat do the ;e"aratists believe5
4B066 8hat #ere the key "ur"oses of the tri"5 4four "ossible ans#ers6
4606 *hey #ere )knit to$ether as a body in a most strict and sacred bond.)....)'t is not #ith us as
#ith other men #hom small thin$s can discoura$e...) 8hat are the "lusses and minuses
of this attitude5
46 /aybe this definition of Pil$rims #ill hel" you remember #ho they are, as o""osed to the
Puritans #ho arrive ten years later and settle in -oston5
4D6 &or the Pil$rims, they believed that #hat5 $ave them a direct and "ersonal connection to God.
:o# do you think this #ill affect their beliefs and behavior5
4E6 This page is important for theological information.
8hat is a con$re$ation5 8hat.s the im"ortance of kno#in$ this conce"t5
8hat #ere the t#o covenants mentioned5
8ho #ere the ;aints5
8ho #ere the !lect5
:o# #as "redestination seen as a "ositive force5
8hat #as meant by conscience5 this idea returns at the end of the book (!"#
4126 )intense fello#shi" of ri$hteousness) F 416 )held to$ether by a strict and sacred bond.)
8hat are the "ositives and ne$atives to this conce"t5
4116 8hat #as the role of God for @ohn :o#land and the youn$ sailor 4100116 and for the
Puritans5
4116 *heir destination #as su""osed to be #here5
Chater (
41B6 8hat did 8eston and others call the more northern site5
4C16 Rev. @. Robinson antici"ated #hat need5 #hen creatin$ a $overnment5
8hat.s a )civil) covenant5
4C16 8ho is NG* mentioned as bein$ necessary in the decision0makin$ "rocess of the
)/ayflo#er <om"act)5
4C66 :o# does -radford ex"lain #hy half the "eo"le survived5
Chater )
4CD6 8hat.s the irony of the title for <ha"ter 1 0 'nto the (oid5
4CD6 8hy #as the bubonic "la$ue so deadly5 :o# many #ere affected5
8hat #as the si$nificance for the arrivin$ Pil$rims5
4B06 8hy #as the curlin$ fin$er of land called <a"e <od5 8hat.s cod 0 be s"ecific5
4B26 8hat set ;+uanto a"art from the other Native Peo"le5 41 key ideas6
Chater *
4B66 8hat.s the meanin$ of the title for <ha"ter C 0 -eaten #ith their G#n Rod5
4B66 8hen is )#ash day) in your home5
4B6 2ou are introduced to <a"tain ;hrim" and his )martial "u$nacity.) 4BE6 8hy did they not
"ick @ohn ;mith 4of @amesto#n fame65
46C6 8hy #ere the Pil$rims more rece"tive to the #ays of the Ne# 8orld, than "erha"s any
other arrivin$ !uro"ean settlers5
46D6 Wigwam 0 can you find a "icture of a 8am"anoa$ #i$#am5
416 :o# did the Pil$rims inter"ret the results of the &irst !ncounter5
<ould you have mana$ed to survive the fri$id tem"eratures5 2ou must admire the tenacity of the
Pil$rims, if nothin$ else.
Chater +
4E6 :o# did the Pil$rims inter"ret their discovery of the land already )cleared by the 'ndians)5
4D6 8hat #as the benefit of )burnin$ the landsca"e)5
Chater ,
'n #hat #ays did ;+uanto ingratiate himself #ith both the /assasoit and the Pil$rims5
4EE6 Note the 6 terms of the first #ritten "eace treaty bet#een the !n$lish and the Native
%mericans. %nythin$ unusual5
Chater -
'n an effort to better relations #ith /assasoit and the other sachems, ho# #ell did the Pil$rims
do5 :o# does ;tandish.s midni$ht raid fit in5
410B6 )/emory holes) 0 #hat are they5 Ho you kno# about a similar system #ith the %ustralian
%bori$ines called )son$lines)5 Hoes that su$$est anythin$5
4116 Hoes the descri"tion of the )&irst *hanks$ivin$) match #ith #hat you remember about the
myth of *hanks$ivin$5
411E0206 &ocus on these +uestions 16 :o# #as it a remarkable year5 26 :o# H'H the Pil$rims
survive5 16 8hat are Ne# 8orld concerns, differences and commonalities5 C6 :o# did
/assasoit mana$e a comeback5 B6 8hat.s ;+uanto u" to5 (note how this last paragraph
acts as a transition to Part II#
!AR" ## $ Accommodation
Chater .
412D0E6 8hy #as the <hristmas Hay confrontation a )crucial incident)5 8hat.s the bi$ "icture5
41106 8hat.s the si$nificance of the D0foot hi$h #all that surrounded Plymouth5 42 reasons6
Chater /
41C66 8hy did Philbrick include the story about /assasoit.s ty"hoid scare5
41C601BC01B6 *he /assacre at 8essa$ussett in 1621 0 #hat are 6 conclusions5
!AR" ### $ Community
Chater '0
41616 8hat ha""ened in 16105
41616 :o# many "eo"le lived in Plymouth at that time5
41616 /assachusetts -ay <olony $re# to include #hich modern states5
41616 Rhode 'sland #as a reli$iously tolerant colony, and #as a haven for #hom5
41626 :o# did a )mean0s"irited fanaticism) rise u" in the Pil$rims5
41616 *homas /erton 0 ho# #ere his actions and beliefs so different from the Pil$rims.5
41610C6 8hat does Philbrick mean #hen he #rites, )*he Pil$rims had come face0to0face #ith a
fi$ure from a future %merica)5
416C6 'n /orton.s mind, #ho )#ere no# the true sava$es)5
416C6 8hat ha""ened in 162C and #hat.s the si$nificance5
416B6 8hy had ;tandish and his ideas become omni"resent5
416B6 8hy did communal 4commun0ism6 farmin$ fail yet ca"italism farmin$ succeed in
Plymouth5
416D6 :o# did wampum revolutioni,e trade #ith the Native %mericans5
416E6 )/assasoit had entered into a devil.s bar$ain...) !x"lain the "lusses and minuses of such a
bar$ain for /assasoit.
4106 8hat #as Ro$er 8illiams. influence on Plymouth5
4106 Ro$er 8illiams #ill found #hat colony5
4106 :o# different #as the !n$lish conce"t of land o#nershi" from the Native %merican.s
conce"t5
4116 8hy did so many Puritans arrive in Ne# !n$land durin$ the 1610s5
4116 8hy did Plymouth become )a back#ater)5
4116 NoteI *he Puritans #ill become the <on$re$ational <hurch.
4116 :o# did -radford believe that Plymouth #as )one small candle)5
41C6 )<ambrid$e0educated divines) refers to the establishment of :arvard Jniversity in 1616.
2ou need to remember this fact. 't.s on nearly every %P J;: test.
41B6 *he key difference bet#een Pil$rims and Puritans is #hat5
41B6 8hat is a General <ourt5 8hat does it do5
41B6 8ho $overns the /assachusetts -ay <olony5
416 8hat.s the Great /i$ration5
41D6 !x"lainI )*he Pe+uot 8ar of 161 #as the Puritans. 8essa$ussett.)
41D6 8hat #as one key difference bet#een !n$lish and Native %merican conce"ts of #arfare5
41D06 8hat #as the key "ur"ose of the Jnited <olonies of Ne# !n$land5
Chater ''
41D16 8hat #ere t#o immediate reactions in Ne# !n$land #hen !n$land became a Puritan
country in 16CE #ith the -ritish kin$.s execution5
41DB6 8hat did -radford think #ould be the )ruin of Ne# !n$land)5
41DB6 Referrin$ to the cha"ter title, #ho #as the )ancient mother)5
41D66 8hat #as -radford.s or$ani,in$ "rinci"le behind each of the colony.s ne# to#ns5
41D66 8hat #as the ecolo$ical and moral effect of homes and to#ns5
41E16 8hat is a )Prayin$ *o#n) and a )Prayin$ 'ndian)5
41E16 *he ;eal of /assachusetts is located on ". 1D1
41E26 'n #hat #ays did Native %mericans borro# or ado"t ideas from the !n$lish and vice
versa5 4C ideas6
41EC6 'n 161D, ho# did the !n$lish.s le$al system react to %. Peach.s killin$ of a Native
%merican5 4note ho# #ill this system #ill chan$e by 16B56
41EB6 )*he 'ndians and !n$lish ....did the best they could to settle their differences.) *he
alternative #as #hat5
Chater '(
41ED6 8hat the "ur"ose of the :alf0#ay <ovenant5
41ED6 'nstead of the afterlife, #hat became the focus of the Pil$rims. children5
41EE6 *he Ne# !n$land economy demanded more than farmers 0 such as5 8hat are the
ramifications of this insi$ht5
41EE6 8hat city became the key "ort and economic center5
41EE6 8hy did Plymouth officials )set aside) /ount :o"e Peninsula5
4200016 -y 1660, ho# had the !n$lish.s "erce"tion of the Native Peo"le chan$ed and vice versa5
420C6 'n #hat #ays did the death of %lexander affect Phili"5
420C6 NoteI *he slo#0burnin$ fuse refers to the time bet#een #hen %lexander died in 1662 and
the start of >in$ Phili".s #ar in 16B.
420B6 8hy did he become )>in$) Phili"5 :o# does the title affect his e$o5
420606 :o# did "ressures $ro# amon$ !n$lish and Native %mericans 4B key reasons6
4206 8hy did Phili" sell land after a$reein$ to a 0year embar$o5
421C6 8hy did Phili" detest the ne# $overnor 8inslo#5 4'ma$ine if they had liked each other
like their fathers had 0 or #as that no lon$er "ossible56
421B0D6 Philbrick believes the colonists unintentionally )"ursued economic "ros"erity at the
ex"ense of the 'ndians) #hich caused >in$ Phili" to start the #ar. Gr do you think it #as
intentional5
42216 8hat do the !n$lish fear after @ohn ;assamon.s death5
42216 :o# #as the necessary )second #itness) found5 8as it done intentionally5 'f so, #hat do
you think of that tactic5
!AR" #1 $ WAR
Chater ')
$ome of you lo%e reading about battles and tactics& some of you don't. (e tried to ask )uestions
which looked at the bigger picture.
42116 8hat #as the "ur"ose of dehumani,in$ the Native Peo"les5
4211 0 throu$hout the cha"ter6 (elcome to Benjamin Church. (hat are his key characteristics*
Philbrick pays close attention to this fellow's actions. +e will describe his actions for
the rest of the book. +e e%ens ends the book talking about ,hurch.
421D 0 throu$hout the cha"ter6 (elcome to ,aptain Samuel Moseley. (hat are his key
characteristics* +e will describe his actions off-and-on for the rest of the book. +e e%en
ends the book comparing Moseley with ,hurch. There must be a reason why.
42CE6 8hat #as the soldier.s version of )"redestination)5
42B06 <hurch esca"es the Pease &ield &i$ht unharmed and to him, this #as indis"utable "roof of
#hat5 't also meant that he #as one of the #hat5
42B26 -ased on the %u$ust C decision, all Native Peo"le #ere $uilty and then #hat ha""ened5
42B26 0 *hink back to "a$e 1EC 0 #hy the bi$ chan$e in the colonists. Austice system5
42B16 &or #hat three reasons #ere Native %mericans sold as slaves5
42B16 8hy does this bother <hurch5
42BD6 -y esca"in$ ca"ture three times and by fi$htin$ his #ay out of Plymouth <olony, Phili"
#as "oised to do #hat5
Chater '*
42BE6 8hat colonies #ere no# en$a$ed in >in$ Phili".s 8ar5 8hich colony #as not5
42616 8hat #as /oseley.s doctrine concernin$ Native Peo"les5
42626 *he burnin$ of ;"rin$field "roved to many Puritans that #hat5 4be "recise6
skim the rest of the chapter if you are not interested in reading about attacks, battle plans,
sa%agery, death and gore. The key concept is that in the winter of ./0!-0/, the colonists
had blundered and were in retreat while the 1ati%e 2mericans gained strength.
Chater '+
+ow would you summari3e the action of this chapter in three or four sentences*
Terms that should be included are Philip, Mohawks, Mary 4owlandson, Praying
Indians, March ./0/, ,anonchet, 1ipmucks, 5en ,hurch
Chater ',
411201B6 <hurch needs to find his o#n army. :e did. 8ho #ere they5
41206 % more humane #ay to eliminate the Native Peo"le, other than killin$ them all, #as to
make them #hat5, #hich could hel" the colonists "ays for their #ar costs.
41216 <hurch, on the other hand, believed #hat5 about the ;akonnets, Pocassets, Narra$ansetts,
and many Pokanakets.
41216 &or <hurch, the hi$hest "riority #as to do #hat5
41216 )*he better side of the hed$e) refers to #hat conce"t5
41116 :o# did <hurch treat his "risoners at -rid$e#ater5
41126 Plymouth <olony lost close to K of it men com"ared to %merica.s loss of K in 8orld
8ar ''. /ean#hile, the Native %mericans lost some#here bet#een K and K.
41126 :o# #as the #inner of the >in$ Phili".s 8ar determined5 4this #ill be true of nearly all
the #ars #e #ill study in J; :istory.6
4116 8hat ha""ened on %u$ust 12, 1665
41C2016 :o# did <hurch treat %nna#on and his fierce #arriors after their surrender5
41CC6 Gn the other hand, /assachusetts Governor did #hat5
Ei2ogue
41CB6 B6 years after the sailin$ of the /ayflo#er, #hat had the Pil$rim.s children done5 42 ideas6
41CB6 't #as a )Pyrrhic victory for the colonists.) 8hy5
41C66 8hy did >in$ Phili".s #ar lead, not to "eace, but more frontier attacks5
41C6 )-y forcin$ the !n$lish to im"rovise....) 8hat.s the maAor "oint of the "ara$ra"h5
41C6 -y the mid"oint, #hat issue forced the )'ndians and the !n$lish) to reevaluate their
attitudes to one another5
41C0D6 :o# does Philbrick blame Phili" for the #ar5
41C0D6 :o# does Philbrick blame 8inslo# for the #ar5
41CD6 8hat #as the key lesson for all of us to remember5
41BC6 *hanks$ivin$ holiday #as established by #hom and in #hat year5
41B66 North %mericans declare *hanks$ivin$ as a Hay of #hat5 and observed #here5
41B6 8ho is the ne# %merican ty"e5 8hy does Philbrick consider <hurch to be a )truly
archety"al %merican)5
41BD6 <om"are the /oseley and <hurch #ay of dealin$ #ith )a #orld suddenly $ri""ed by terror
and contention.) *his +uote can only be found in the hard co"y. ;ee belo# for the entire
"ara$ra"h, #hich #as curiously re"laced in the "a"erback.
41BD6 )<onscience,) <hurch re"eated #ith a smile. )*hen the #ar is over, for that #as #hat they
#ere searchin$ for, it bein$ much #antin$.) Philbrick included this idea about the old
Native %merican man as his last thou$ht in the book 4and on "a$e E6. 8hat #as his
"oint5
3O"ES
*his is the annotated biblio$ra"hy style. 't allo#s Philbrick to include more of his o#n thou$hts.
&or exam"le, the first entry allo#s him to critici,e %mericans for bein$ obsessive about
kno#in$ the myth but not the reality of our national ori$in.
4#4L#O5RA!6Y
-onus +uestionI %""roximately ho# many resource entries did Philbrick read in order to #rite
this book5 <an you fi$ure out ho# he ke"t track of all his ideas5
"6O756"$!RO1OK#35 87ES"#O3S:
? *he story of the Pil$rims is )a BB0year e"ic that is at once tra$ic and heroic and still
carries meanin$ for us today.) !x"lain.
? 8hat #ere the Pil$rims. and Native %mericans. values, $oals and as"irations before
16205 4this ans#er is not found in one "a$e, but over many cha"ters.6
? 8hy do you think Philbrick took seven cha"ters to describe the Pil$rim.s first year5
? 'n #hat #ays did both $rou"s chan$e in the first 20 years of their coexistence5 by the
end of the century5
? 8hy did the "ro"osed )Pan 'ndian <onfederation) fail yet the )Jnited <olonies of Ne#
!n$land) succeed5
? )%s lon$ as both sides reco$ni,ed that they needed each other, there #as "eace.) 8hy
did the next $eneration of leaders see thin$s differently, #hich led to #ar5
? 8hat are the three key differences bet#een the Pe+uot and >in$ Phili".s #ars5
? )*he story of /ayflo#er still has much to teach us.) !x"lain.
? )*hat crucial half0century, from 1620 = 166, be$an in "eril, ended in #ar and contained the
seeds of #hat #ould come to define %merica.) !x"lain )the seeds.)
? 'n #hat #ays #as )/ayflo#er) a story of coura$e, community and #ar5
? 8hy #as -. <hurch.s values hi$hli$hted in the last fe# cha"ters5
? 's the old sayin$ true in the case of the Pil$rims and the Native Peo"le, )mi$ht make ri$ht)5
? )...discovery, accommodation, community and #ar 0 a "attern that #as re"eated time and time
a$ain as the J; #orked its #ay #est and ultimately out into the #orld.) Hurin$ the
year, let.s find out if his thesis is true.
? 41CD6 *hat it could be so +uickly for$otten by their children remains a lesson for us today.)
!x"lain.
Something odd happened between the first printing of Mayflower in hard coer and the first printing
of Mayflower as a paperback. !hy do you think one paragraph was edited so drastically"
#n page $%&' this paragraph appears in the hardback.
*here are t#o "ossible res"onses to a #orld suddenly $ri""ed by terror and
contention. *here is the /oseley #ayI $et mad and $et even. -ut as the course of >in$
Phili".s 8ar "roved, unbridled arro$ance and fear only feed the flames of violence. *hen
there is the <hurch #ay. 'nstead of loathin$ the enemy, try to learn as much as "ossible
from him3 instead of killin$ him, try to brin$ him around to your #ay of thinkin$. &irst
and foremost, treat him like a human bein$. &or <hurch, success in #ar #as about
coercion rather than slau$hter, and in this he antici"ated the #elcomin$, transformative
beast that eventually became 0 once the Heclaration of 'nde"endence and the <onstitution
#ere in "lace 0 the Jnited ;tates of %merica.
(n the paperback ersion' same page' the aboe paragraph disappears and now reads)
6arly in the war, ,hurch railed against the Plymouth officials' decision to ensla%e
the Indians who surrendered at 7artmouth. 5ut by the end of the war, as he relentlessly
pursued Philip through the swamps of Plymouth ,olony, he had become 1ew 6ngland's
premier sla%e catcher. Late in life, ,hurch remained proud of his role in bringing an end
to the fighting. 5ut unlike the Puritan historians and other memorialists, such as Mary
4owlandson, who saw the ultimate course of the conflict as ine%itable and 8ust, ,hurch
had his doubts - and therein resides whate%er promise this story holds for the future of
2merica.
? *here are t#o #ays to look at )a #orld suddenly $ri""ed by terror and contention.) 4".1BD
hardback book6. %lthou$h Philbrick mentions >in$ Phili".s #ar, #hat mi$ht the +uote really
su$$est about an incident in the 21st century5 Remember, this book #as "rinted in 2006.