Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Employment Law
your sickness pay entitlement is 30 days in any calendar year
your anal holiday entitlement is 25 days which cannot be carried over
2. Criminal law
homicide = a generic term or the !illing o another person
murder = the unlawul !illing o a person with intent
parole = a release rom preason" beore the sentence is inished" that depends on the
person #!eeping clean# and doing what he or she is supposed to do while out. $ the
person ails to meet the conditions" the rest o the sentence must be served
probation = % !ind o punishment given out as part o a sentence" which means that
instead o &ailing a person convicted o a crime" a iudge wiil order that the person reports
to an oicer regularly and according to a set schedule 'Lindsay Lohan(
appellate = reers to a higher court that can hear appeals rom a lower court
court of appeal = a court to which appeals are made on points o law resulting rom the
&udgements o a lower court
appellee = the person against whom an appeal is ta!n 'usually" but not always" the
winner in the lower court(
)he procedure ocuses on several main themes*
how on appeal is to be brought beore the court
normally" leave to appeal will be re+uested by the appellant
3. Civil law
contracts , this law covers promises that the law will enorce and remedies i a promise
is breached
debtor and creditor , situations when one party is unable to pay monetary debt to
another
negotiable instruments , #unconditioned writings# that promise or order the payment o
i-ed amounts o money. Drafts and notes are the main categories
real estate transactions . )he agreernent to sell between a buyer and seller is governed
by the general principles o contract law. $t is nonnally re+uired that these types o
contract be in writing
sales . regulates every phase o a transacticin or the sale o goods and provides
remedies or problems that may arise. $t provides or implied warranties o
merchantability and itness
secured transactions . )his interest arises when in e-change or a type o loan a
brorrower agrees" in a security agreernent" that a lender 'the secured party( may ta!e
specitied collateral owned by the borrower i he should deault on the loan
Each o the /hareholders represents to the other that it has ta!en all necessary other actions to
enable him validity to accept and perform the obligations re+uired under the terms o this
%greement and that perormance o the provisions o this %greement will not result in a breach o
or constitute a default under any agreement or other contractual restriction binding upon him.
)he /hareholders undertake with each other that they shall not without the prior written consent o
the other parties while a shareholder in the Company become involved in any business other than
that o the Company and that they shall during such period use all reasonable endeavors to promote
the interests o the Company and devote to its business such o their respective time and attention
and resources as are reasonably re+uired or the efficient and proitable conduct o the business o
the Company.
bonus shares = $ authori0ed by its articles" a company may transer proits to a und
called its #capital redemption reserve# and use it to issue these shares to the members in
proportion to their e-isting holdings.
Reserve capital = )hat part o the share capital that the company has decided will only
be called up i the company is being wound up and or the purposes o it being wound
up.
Authorized capital = )he amount o share capital stated in the articles o association.
Uncalled capital = )hat part o the issued capital on which the company has not
re+uested payment.
Allotment of shares = )he process by which people become members o a company.
Share capital = )he amount o share capital the company will have.
Paid-up capital = )he issued capital which has been ully or partly paid.up by the
shareholders.
Share premium = )he e-cess paid above a share#s nominal value.
Nominal value = % company#s authori0ed share capital is divided into shares o a
symbolic value. )he real value o the shares may change over time" relecting what the
company is worth" but their symbolic value remains the same.
Issued capital = )he value o the shares issued to shareholders" i.e. the nominal value o
the shares rather than their actual worth.
disualification of directors = % director ound to have conducted the aairs o an
insolvent company in an #unit# manner may be dis+ualiied rom holding any
management position in a company or between 2 and 15 years.
Petition = % written application to the court or relie or remedy.
!ankrupt = /omeone against whom a ban!ruptcy order has been made.
"inding-up = )he procedure whereby the assets o a company 'or partnership( are
gathered in and reali0ed" the liabilities met and the surplus" i any" distributed to
members.
#oing concern = )he basis on which insolvency practitioners preer to sell a business.
Eectively it means the business continues" &obs are saved" and a higher price is
obtained.
$omposition = %n agreement between a debtor and his creditors whereby the creditors
agree with the debtor between themselves to accepts rom the debtor payment o less
than the amounts due to them in ull satisaction o their claim.
%iuidator = )he person appointed to deal with the assets and liabilities o the company
or partnership once the resolution to wind up has been passed or a compulsory winding.
up order has been made.
Undischarged bankrupt = someone against whom a ban!ruptcy order has been made
and who has not been discharged rom ban!ruptcy
compulsory liuidation = )he placing o a company into li+uidation as a result o an
application to the court" usually by a creditor.
Administration order = % court order placing a company that is" or is li!ely to become"
insolvent under the control o an administrator.
&raudulent trading = 1here a company has carried on business with intent to deraud
creditors" or or any raudulent purpose.
Insolvent = )he state o not being able to pay one#s debts as they all due or having an
e-cess o liabilities over assets.
'fficial receiver = )he civil servant employed to head the regional oices whose
responsibilities cover ban!ruptcies and compulsory li+uidations.
Secured creditor = )he irst to be paid rom the secured assets.