Practice MCAT Test I

http://www.mcatprep.net
Practice MCAT
Test

P0
3
--
0
CH
2
+
H N CH
0
H
3
C 0H
Ken Evans, M.Sc., M.D.
Charlene Bra!ell, M.E".
#evie!e" $% #&"ne%
D&%le, Ph.D. Peter
Minns, Ph.D.
C&'%ri(ht Ken Evans
MCATPrep.net 2005-2007, InstantDollar Incorporate!. All r"#hts reser$e!.
l
2
Pre)ace
Practice MCAT Test * is "esi(ne" t& $e siilar t& an act+al MCAT e,a, $&th in c&ntent an" in
'resentati&n. H&!ever, in an act+al MCAT e,a %&+ !ill $e (iven each test $&&-let se'aratel%, an" a
ta$le &) c&ntents is n&t 'r&vi"e". E,'lanat&r% ans!ers t& this 'ractice test are availa$le )r& the a+th&rs
+'&n 'a%ent &) the '+rchase 'rice. .e enc&+ra(e %&+ t& st+"% the ans!ers, even )&r /+esti&ns %&+
have ans!ere" c&rrectl%. C&'letin( the 'ractice test an" st+"%in( the ans!ers !ill hel' %&+ $ec&e
)ailiar !ith the e,a )&rat an" hel' %&+ revie! an" $etter +n"erstan" the MCAT s+$0ect areas.
Practice MCAT Test * is &))ere" thr&+(h the internet )&r t!& reas&ns1
l . there are n& 'rintin( an" shi''in( c&sts s& the 'rice can $e set l&!2 an"
2 . '&tential $+%ers can 3test-"rive3 $e)&re '+rchasin(.
To or!er the sol%t"ons to th"s pract"ce test, please $"s"t http://www.mcatprep.net .
Practice MCAT Test * is in acc&r"ance !ith the 2003 chan(es in the MCAT.
Than- %&+ )&r %&+r interest in &+r '+$licati&n an" (&&" l+c- &n the MCAT.
Ken Evans
Charlene Bra!ell
C&ver1 Str+ct+re &) '%ri"&,al 'h&s'hate, !hich is a "erivative &) vitain B . P%ri"&,al 'h&s'hate is a c&en4%e inv&lve" in an% reacti&ns in the
eta$&lis &) 'r&teins, car$&h%"rates, an" li'i"s. A 'r&inent e,a'le &) its r&le is in the transainati&n &) ain& aci"s.
5
C&ntents
Pre)ace 2
C&ntents 3
Ph%sical Sciences 6
Passa(e * Electr&cheistr%
Passa(e ** Electricit%
Passa(e *** Hess7s 8a!
*n"e'en"ent 9+esti&ns
Passa(e *: Electr&'h&resis
Passa(e : Stan"in( .aves
Passa(e :* S&l+$ilit%
*n"e'en"ent 9+esti&ns
Passa(e :** Ca'acit&rs
Passa(e :*** Ther&"%naics
Passa(e *; #e)racti&n
*n"e'en"ent 9+esti&ns
:er$al #eas&nin( l6
.ritin( Sa'le 30
Bi&l&(ical Sciences 3l
Passa(e * C&ncentrati&ns
Passa(e ** Car$&h%"rates
Passa(e *** <enetics
*n"e'en"ent 9+esti&ns
Passa(e *: =r(anic S%nthesis
Passa(e : Ki"ne%s
Passa(e :* E,tracti&n
Passa(e :** Ev&l+ti&n
*n"e'en"ent 9+esti&ns
Passa(e :*** Al-enes
Passa(e *; E$r%&l&(%
Passa(e ; Transainati&n &) Ain& Aci"s
*n"e'en"ent 9+esti&ns
Ph%sical Sciences
Tie1 l00 in+tes
9+esti&ns1 l->>
Directi&ns1 M&st /+esti&ns in the Ph%sical Sciences
test are &r(ani4e" int& (r&+'s, each 'rece"e" $% a
"escri'tive 'assa(e. A)ter st+"%in( the 'assa(e, select
the &ne $est ans!er t& each /+esti&n. S&e /+esti&ns
are n&t $ase" &n a "escri'tive 'assa(e. ?&+ sh&+l"
als& select the &ne $est ans!er t& these in"e'en"ent
/+esti&ns. A 'eri&"ic ta$le is 'r&vi"e" an" %&+ a%
c&ns+lt it !henever %&+ !ish.
Peri&"ic Ta$le &) the Eleents
*A **A ***A *:A :A :*A
:**
A
:***
A
l H
l.0
2
He
6.0
3
8i
5.@
6
Be
@.0
A
B
l0.B
5
C
l2.0
>
N
l6.0
B
0
l5.0
@
C
l>.0
l0
Ne
20.2
ll
Na
23.0
l2
M(
26.3
l3
Al
2>.0
l6
Si
2B.l
lA
P
3l.0
l5
S
32.l
l>
Cl
3A.A
lB
Ar
60.0
l@
K
3@.l
20
Ca
60.l
2l
Sc
6A.0
22
Ti
6>.@
23
:
A0.@
26
Cr
A2.0
2A
Mn
A6.@
25
Ce
AA.B
2>
C&
AB.@
2B
Ni
AB.>
2@
C+
53.A
30
Dn
5A.6
3l
<a
5@.>
32
<e
>2.5
33
As
>6.@
36
Se
>@.0
3A
Br
>@.@
35
Kr
B3.B
3>
#$
BA.A
3B
Sr
B>.5
3@
?
BB.@
60
Dr
@l.2
6l
N$
@2.@
62
M&
@A.@
63
Tc
@>.@
66
#+
l 0l
6A
#h
l 02
65
P"
l 05
6>
A(
l 0>
6B
C"
ll2
6@ n
ll6
A0
Sn
llB
Al
S$
l 2l
A2
Te
l 2>
A3
l 25
A6
;e
l 3l
AA
Cs
l 32
A5
Ba
l 3>
A>--
>l
$el-
&!
>2
H)
l >B
>3
Ta
l B0
>6
.
l B3
>A
#e
l B5
>5
0s
l @0
>>
r
l @2
>B
Pt
l @A
>@
A+
l @>
B0
H(
2 00
Bl
Tl
2 06
B2
P$
2 0>
B3
Bi
2 0@
B6
P&
2 0@
BA
At
2 l0
B5
#n
2 22
B>
Cr
2 23
BB
#a
2 25
B@-
l 03
$el-
&!
l 06
En/
l 0A
En'
l 05
Enh
l 0>
Ens
l 0B
En&
l 0@
Ene
A>
8a
l 3B
AB
Ce
l 60
A@
Pr
l 60
50
N"
l 66
5l
P
l 66
52
S
l A0
53
E+
l A2
56
<"
l A>
5A
T$
l AB
55
D%
l 52
5>
H&
l 56
5B
Er
l 5>
5@
T
l 5B
>0
?$
l >3
>l
8+
l >A
B@
Ac
2 2>
@0
Th
2 32
@l
Pa
2 3l
@2
E
2 3B
@3
N'
2 3>
@6
P+
2 66
@A
A
2 63
@5
C
2 6>
@>
B-
2 6>
@B
C)
2 Al
@@
Es
2 A2
l 00
C
2 A>
l 0l
M"
2 AB
l 02
N&
2 A@
l 03
8r
2 52
Passa(e
A. A v&ltaic cell is set +' !ith C *C
-
as &ne hal) cell an" Br
*
2 2
Bel&! is a ta$le sh&!in( s&e Stan"ar" State #e"+cti&n
P&tentials.
Hal) reacti&n E F:G
C + 2e
-
2C
-
2.B>
2
Cl + 2e
-
2Cl
-
l.35
2
Br + 2e
-
2Br
-
l.0@
2
A(
+
+ e
-
A( 0.B0
Ce
3+
+ e
-
Ce
2+
0.>>
C+
2+
+ 2e
-
C+ 0.36
Br
-
as the &ther. .hat is the v&lta(e &) the cell at
stan"ar" stateH
A. 3.@5 :
B. l.>B :
C. l.0@ :
D. 2.B> :
5. NaCl is elte" in a $ea-er an" electr&l%sis carrie" &+t.
.hat is the ini+ '&tential "i))erence re/+ire" t&
se'arate s&"i+ an" chl&rineH
A. -6.0> :
2H
+
+ 2e
-
H
2
0.00 B. -l.35 :
P$
2+
+ 2e
-
P$ -0.l3
Ni
2+
+ 2e
-
Ni -0.2A
Dn
2+
+ 2e
-
Dn -0.>5
Na
+
+ e
-
Na -2.>l
I. .hat sh&+l" ha''en !hen a 'iece &) c&''er is 'lace"
in lM HClH
A. The c&''er is "iss&lve" $% the aci".
B. The c&''er is "iss&lve" $% the aci" !ith the
release &) h%"r&(en (as.
C. The c&''er $+rsts int& (reenish )laes.
D. N&thin( ha''ens.
2. .hat sh&+l" ha''en !hen a 'iece &) lea" is 'lace" in
lM HClH
A. The lea" is "iss&lve" $% the aci".
B. The lea" $e(ins t& "iss&lve !ith the release &)
h%"r&(en (as.
C. The lea" $+rsts int& )laes.
D. N&thin( ha''ens.
3. H&! an% v&ltaic cells !ith a v&lta(e (reater than 2:
can $e a"e +sin( the stan"ar" hal)-cell reacti&ns
liste"H
A. ll
B. @
C. l>
D. lA
6. S+''&se that the hal)-cell reacti&n Ni
2+
+ 2e
-
Ni is
assi(ne" t& have a '&tential &) 0.00 : The stan"ar"
C. l.35 :
D. 6.0> :
>. *) stan"ar" state &,i"ati&n '&tentials are +se" instea"
&) stan"ar" state re"+cti&n '&tentials an" the hal)
reacti&ns are liste" in "escen"in( &r"er, !hich &ne &)
the )&ll&!in( !&+l" $e tr+eH
A. the lea" reacti&n !&+l" $e a$&ve the silver reacti&n
B. the )l+&rine reacti&n !&+l" $e a$&ve the chl&rine
reacti&n
C. the ir&n reacti&n !&+l" $e a$&ve the nic-el reacti&n
D. the h%"r&(en reacti&n !&+l" $e $el&! the c&''er
reacti&n
Passa(e
A st+"ent is 'r&vi"e" !ith a variet% &) electrical
c&'&nents an" as-e" t& 'er)&r certain tas-s.
B. She is 'r&vi"e" !ith three 2 resist&rs. H&! an%
"i))erent t&tal resistances can $e 'r&"+ce" i) all the
resist&rs +st $e +se" in a circ+itH
A. 3
B. 6
C. A
D. 5
@. .hat are the ini+ an" a,i+ t&tal resistances
'r&"+ce" a$&veH
A. 0.5> an" 3
B. l an" 5
re"+cti&n '&tential )&r the re"+cti&n &) Br
2
A. l.36 :
B. 0.B6 :
C. l.0@ :
D. l.2A :
!&+l" $eH C. l.33 an" 5
D. 0.5> an" 5
I0. .hat is the t&tal resistance &) t!& 2 resist&rs in
'arallel c&nnecte" t& a thir" 2 resist&r in seriesH
A. 5
B. l
C. 3
D. l.33
II. The st+"ent c&nnects three 2 C ca'acit&rs in 'arallel. H
)
.hat is the t&tal ca'acitanceH
A. 0.5> C
B. 5 C
C
FsG
M(
+ =
2F(G
+ l*2=
C=
2F(G
M(=
F-J*&l &) 'r&"+ctG
-3@6
-502
C. l.A C
D. 3 C
FsG
M(
FsG
+ C
FsG
2F(G
+ 3*2=
2F(G
FsG
M(C=
3FsG
-l,0@5
I2. The ca'acit&rs in 'arallel a$&ve are c&nnecte" t& a 5:
".c. v&lta(e s+''l%. .hat is the c+rrent in the circ+itH
A. 0 A
B. l A
C. l,000,000 A
D. 2 A
I3. The ca'acit&rs in 'arallel a$&ve are c&nnecte" t& an
I5. .hat is the a''r&,iate H )&r the c&$+sti&n &)
eth%ne in &,%(en F'er &le &) eth%neGH
A. -@@5 -J*&l
B. @@5 -J*&l
C. -l,@@2 -J*&l
D. l,@@2 -J*&l
I>. .hich &) the )&ll&!in( has a H &) 4er&H
)
a.c. v&lta(e &) )re/+enc% l MH4. .hat is the
i'e"anceH
A. H
B. *
F(G
A. l*F5 G
2F(G
C. H(
B. l*F2 G
C. l*Fl2 G
D. l*F26 G
FlG
D. C=
F(G
IB. .hich &) the )&ll&!in( "escri$es a reacti&n )&r !hich
H is e/+al t& H &) the 'r&"+ctH
)
I6. The rs v&lta(e &) this circ+it is 6 :. .hat is the rs * . 2M(
FsG
+ =
2F(G
2M(=
FsG
c+rrentH **. M(
FsG
+ C
FsG
+ 3*2=
2F(G
M(C=
3FsG
A. 6B A
B. 26 A
C. 60 A
D. 3 A
IA. A 2 illiHenr% in"+ct&r is c&nnecte" t& an a.c.
v&lta(e
***. M(=
A. * an" **
B. * an" ***
C. ** an" ***
D. * &nl%
FsG
+ C=
2F(G
M(C=
3FsG
&) )re/+enc% l MH4. .hat is the i'e"anceH I@..hat is H )&r the reacti&n $el&!H
A. 2,000 M(=
FsG
+ C=
2F(G
M(C=
3FsG
B. 6,000
C. 600
D. 60,000
Passa(e
Hess7s la! is +se" t& 're"ict the heat ener(% release" &r
c&ns+e" in cheical reacti&ns. *t states that the enthal'%
chan(e is the sae re(ar"less &) !hether a reacti&n &cc+rs
in &ne ste' &r in several ste's.
Bel&! are s&e $&n" "iss&ciati&n ener(ies an" enthal'ies
&) )&rati&n.
H F-J*&lG
C-H 6lA
=-H 656
=K = 6@B
CK= >6A
C-C tri'le $&n" B3>
A. 2,0@2 -J*&l
B. -2,0@2 -J*&l
C. l00 -J*&l
D. -l00 -J*&l
20. Hess7s la! is vali" $eca+se enthal'% is a state )+ncti&n.
.hich &) the )&ll&!in( is n&t a state )+ncti&nH
A. :&l+e
B. *nternal ener(%
C. .&r-L
D. Entr&'%
2I. .hat is the )&ral char(e &n the car$&n at& in the
car$&nate i&nH
A. 0
B. l
C. 2
D. -2
9+esti&ns B> t& @2 are in"e'en"ent &) an% 'assa(e.
22. *) the len(th &) a 'en"+l+ is "&+$le", the 'eri&"
A. "&+$les.
B. /+a"r+'les.
C. tri'les.
D. increases $% 2.
23. *) the ass &) a 'en"+l+ is "&+$le", the )re/+enc%
A. "&+$les.
B. halves.
C. reains the sae.
D. cann&t $e "eterine" !ith the in)&rati&n (iven.
2B. <l%cine is 're"&inantl% "e'r&t&nate" at
A. 'H M 2.3
B. 'H M 5.0
C. 'H M >.0
D. 'H M @.5
2@. .hich )+ncti&nal (r&+' in (l%cine is the str&n(est aci"H
A. -NH
+
3
B. -C==H
C. -CH -
2
D. N&ne &) the a$&ve
30. At !hich 'H7s "&es (l%cine e,hi$it the &st
$+))erin( e))ectH
26. *n the reacti&n N + 3H 2NH , the entr&'% A. 5.0 an" @.5
A. increases.
2F(G 2F(G 3F(G
B. 2.3 an" 5.0
B. reains the sae.
C. "ecreases.
D. cann&t $e "eterine" !ith the in)&rati&n (iven.
C. 2.3 an" @.5
D. 5.0 an" >.6
3I. The 'H &) c%t&'las is a$&+t >.2. .hich )&r &)
(l%cine
2A. .hen the reacti&n N
2F(G
+ 3H
2F(G 3F(G
is at 're"&inates in c%t&'lasH
e/+ili$ri+, the reacti&n is )ar t& the ri(ht. The
)&r!ar"
A. H N
+
-CH -C==
-
3 2
reacti&n +st $e B. H N-CH -C==H
2 2
A. ect&'lasic. C. H N
+
-CH -C==H
3 2
B. e,&theric. D. H N-CH -C==
-
2 2
C. en"&theric.
D. en"er(&nic.
25. A an travels t& a 'lanet that has t!ice the ra"i+s &)
the earth an" t!ice the ass. His !ei(ht, c&'are" t&
his !ei(ht &n earth, is
A. "&+$le.
B. tri'le.
C. hal).
D. cann&t $e "eterine" !ith the in)&rati&n (iven.
2>. .ith the relevant stan"ar" state re"+cti&n '&tentials
32. A sall /+antit% &) (l%cine is 'lace" in a $+))er
s&l+ti&n &) 'H 2.0 an" an electrical )iel" is a''lie".
.hat !ill ha''en t& the (l%cine sa'leH
A. *t !ill i(rate t& the an&"e.
B. *t !ill i(rate t& the cath&"e.
C. *t !ill n&t i(rate.
D. *t !ill i(rate, $+t in an +n're"icta$le "irecti&n.
33. The str+ct+re &) (l+taic aci" is sh&!n $el&!.
0 0
an" +se &) the Nernst E/+ati&n, &ne c&+l" calc+late
* . s&l+$ilit% 'r&"+cts
**. e/+ili$ri+ c&nstants &) reacti&ns
***. the v&lta(es &) cells !hich are n&t in
stan"ar" states
A. * an" **
H0
*t has the )&ll&!in( 'K 7s1
a
-C==H 'K
a
-CH -CH -C==H 'K
0H
NH
2
K 2.2
K 6.>
2 2 a
B. * an" *** -NH
+
'K K @.>
3 a
C. ** an" ***
D. All are tr+e
Passa(e :
<l%cine is an ain& aci" !ith the )&r+la H N-CH
-C==H.
The is&electric '&int &) (l+taic aci" is
A. $et!een 'H7s 2 an" 3.
B. $et!een 'H7s 3 an" 6.
C. $et!een 'H7s 6 an" A.
D. $et!een 'H7s A an" 5.
The 'K
a
2 2
&) the -C==H (r&+' is 2.3 an" the 'K
a
&) the -
NH
+
(r&+' is @.5. The is&electric '&int is at 'H 5.0.
3
2NH
Passa(e :
A A0 c l&n( h&ll&! (lass c%lin"er &'en at $&th en"s is
hel" in the air. A "evice that 'r&"+ces '+re t&nes is 'lace"
a"0acent t& &ne en". The )re/+enc% &) the s&+n" is initiall%
set ver% l&! then increase" (ra"+all%. At a )re/+enc% &)
320
H4, the t+$e res&nates.
36. .hat is the s'ee" &) s&+n" in air "+rin( this
e,'erientH
A. 320 *s
B. 560 *s
C. 330 *s
D. l50 *s
3A.The )re/+enc% is increase" +ntil res&nance &cc+rs
a(ain.
.hat is this )re/+enc%H
A. 320 H4
B. @50 H4
C. 560 H4
D. l,2B0 H4
35..hat is the ne,t hi(her )re/+enc% at !hich res&nance
!ill &cc+rH
A. l,@20 H4
60.T!& electr&nic s&+n" s&+rces are 'lace" in a r&&.
=ne eits a s&+n" &) )re/+enc% &) 2@3 H4 an"
a'lit+"e 6 +nits, the &ther 2@> H4 an" l0 +nits.
.hat is the )re/+enc% &) the $eats 'r&"+ce"H FHere
a'lit+"e is eas+re" in ar$itrar% +nits at a certain
e/+i"istant '&int in the r&&.G
A. B H4
B. A@0 H4
C. 2 H4
D. 6 H4
6I. A thir" s&+n" s&+rce is a""e" !ith a )re/+enc% &) 300
H4 an" a'lit+"e 3 +nits. .hat is the ini+
instantane&+s a'lit+"e 'r&"+ce" as a res+lt &) all
three s&+n" s&+rces &'eratin( at the sae tieH
A. @ +nits
B. 3 +nits
C. ll +nits
D. 2 +nits
Passa(e :
The c&nce't &) s&l+$ilit% is ver% i'&rtant in cheistr%.
Central t& calc+lati&ns re(ar"in( s&l+$ilit% is the
s&l+$ilit%
B. @50 H4 'r&"+ct FK
s'
G, !hich )&r a salt is the 'r&"+ct &) the
C. @@0 H4
D. 6B0 H4
3>.The en" &) the c%lin"er )arthest a!a% )r& the s&+n"
s&+rce is seale" !ith a (lass ca'. .hat are the three
l&!est res&nant )re/+enciesH FAss+e the s'ee" &)
s&+n" is 360 *sG
A. lA0 H4, Al0 H4, BA0 H4
c&ncentrati&ns &) the i&ns in a sat+rate" s&l+ti&n, !ith
each
c&ncentrati&n raise" t& a '&!er e/+al t& the c&e))icient &)
that i&n in the $alance" e/+ati&n )&r the s&l+$ilit%
e/+ili$ri+.
62. A $ea-er c&ntains e/+al c&ncentrati&ns &) Mn
2+
an"
Ni
2+
i&ns. *t is )&+n" that NiS can $e selectivel%
'reci'itate" $% a""in( a certain /+antit% &) K S t& the
2
B. l>0 H4, 5l0 H4, BA0 H4 $ea-er. *) the K
s'
&) NiS is 3.2 , l0
-l@
, the
K
s'
&) MnS +st
C. l>0 H4, Al0 H4, B>0 H4
D. l>0 H4, Al0 H4, BA0 H4
3B.The set+' in the 'revi&+s /+esti&n is 'lace" in a
cha$er )ille" !ith heli+. .hat ha''ens t& the
res'ective res&nant )re/+enciesH
A. The% reain the sae.
$e
A. less than 3.2 , l0
-l@
B. (reater than 3.2 , l0
-l@
C. 3.2 , l0
-l@
D. This cann&t $e "eterine" !ith the in)&rati&n
'r&vi"e".
B. The% increase.
63. M(C
2FsG
is a""e" t& a $ea-er &) !ater +ntil there is an
C. The% "ecrease. a&+nt at the $&tt& that !ill n&t "iss&lve. .hat is the
D. S&e increase !hile &thers "ecrease. c&ncentrati&n &) C
-
FK
s'
&) M(C is 5.A , l0
-@
GH
2
3@.The set+' in the 'revi&+s /+esti&n is n&! s+$0ecte" t& a
20 K "ecrease in te'erat+re. .hat ha''ens t& the
res'ective res&nant )re/+enciesH
A. The% reain the sae.
B. The% increase.
C. The% "ecrease.
D. S&e increase !hile &thers "ecrease.
A. 2.6 , l0
-3
M
B. l.5 , l0
-@
M
C. 2.6 , l0
-6
M
D. l.2 , l0
-3
M
l0
66. .hat is the c&ncentrati&n &) C
-
in the a$&ve s&l+ti&n i)
Passa(e :
M(Cl
2
is a""e" s& that the )inal c&ncentrati&n &) M(
2+
The s'ace sh+ttle is c&n"+ctin( an e,'erient !ith a lar(e
is 0.l MH
A. 0.0A M
B. A.0 , l0
-6
M
C. A.0 , l0
-3
M
D. 2.A , l0
-6
M
9+esti&ns II0 t& II6 are in"e'en"ent &) an% 'assa(e.
6A. A '&lice car is travellin( t&!ar"s %&+ at A0 *s. *t7s
siren is eittin( a s&+n" &) 600 H4. ?&+ are travellin(
in the &''&site "irecti&n t& the '&lice car at 20 *s.
.hat is the )re/+enc% &) the s&+n" %&+ hear
Fvel&cit% &) s&+n" in air is 330 *sGH
A. 6>0 H4
B. 6BA H4
C. 6A0 H4
D. A00 H4
65. #e)errin( t& the 'revi&+s /+esti&n, !hat is the
)re/+enc% %&+ hear a)ter %&+ 'ass each &therH
A. 325 H4
B. A00 H4
C. 600 H4
D. 3>A H4
6>. A cann&n is an(le" s& that )&r ever% 6 )eet travele"
h&ri4&ntall%, it (&es +' verticall% 3 )eet. .hen a shell
is )ire", the s'ee" &n leavin( the +44le is A00 *s.
H&! )ar "&es the shell travel Fi(n&re air resistanceGH
A. 20 -
B. lB -
C. l2 -
D. 26 -
6B. A l0 -( $l&c- is accelerate" at 2 *s
2
+' a )ricti&nless
'lane incline" at 30 "e(rees t& the h&ri4&ntal. The
)&rce actin( 'arallel t& the 'lane '+shin( the $l&c-
+'!ar"s is
A. l00 N
B. 2A N
C. A0 N
D. >0 N
6@. .hen a B
B
at& "eca%s $% the eissi&n &) a '&sitr&n,
A
the res+ltant at& is
A. Be
B
6
B. C
B
5
C. B
B
A
D. 8i
6
3
'arallel 'late ca'acit&r in the vac++ an" !ei(htlessness
&) &+ter s'ace.
A0. A ".c. v&lta(e &) l2 : is a''lie" acr&ss the 'lates.
The ca'acitance is l.A C. .hat is the char(e &n each
'lateH A. l2 C
B. lB C
C. B C
D. 0.B C
AI. .hen the 'lates are &ve" )arther a'art
A. v&lta(e "ecreases an" the char(e &n each 'late
"ecreases.
B. v&lta(e "ecreases an" the char(e &n each 'late
reains the sae.
C. v&lta(e reains the sae an" the char(e &n each
'late reains the sae.
D. v&lta(e reains the sae an" the char(e &n each
'late "ecreases.
A2. A thic- sheet &) (lass F!hich acts as a "ielectricG is
'lace" $et!een the 'lates. The '&tential "i))erence
an" char(e &n each 'late sh&+l"
A. reain the sae an" increase, res'ectivel%.
B. reain the sae an" "ecrease, res'ectivel%.
C. reain the sae in $&th cases.
D. increase in $&th cases.
A3. *) the area &) each 'late is tri'le"
A. ca'acitance reains the sae, !hile electric )iel"
intensit% increases.
B. ca'acitance an" electric )iel" intensit% reain the
sae.
C. ca'acitance is tri'le", !hile electric )iel" intensit%
reains the sae.
D. ca'acitance an" electric )iel" intensit% are
tri'le".
A6. An astr&na+t ta-es a h&ll&! etallic $all &+t &) a
'&+ch an", $% eans &) electr&static in"+cti&n, (ives
it a net '&sitive char(e &) 2 C. .hat is the electric
)iel" intensit% insi"e the $all !hen it is $et!een the
'lates an" )ar a!a% )r& the 'lates, res'ectivel%H
A. 2 N*C an" 5 N*C
B. cann&t $e "eterine" !ith the in)&rati&n
'r&vi"e" an" 0 N*C
C. 5 N*C an" 2 N*C
D. cann&t $e "eterine" !ith the in)&rati&n
'r&vi"e".
ll
AA. The $all is ta-en )ar a!a% )r& the 'lates. .hat is the
C&'&+n" H
&
F-JN&lG S
&
FJN&l-KG
)
electric )iel" intensit% at a '&int 6 a!a% )r& the
center &) the $allH
A. -*6 N*C
B. -*2 N*C
N
2F(G
H
2F(G
NH
3F(G
0 l@2
0 l3l
-65 l@2
C. -*5 N*C 50. .hat is H
&
)&r the reacti&n,
D. -*B N*C A. -65 -J N
2F(G
+ 3H
2F(G
2NH H
3F(G
A5. The astr&na+t n&! a"0+sts the ca'acit&r 'lates s& that
the% are 3 a'art. The v&lta(e is still l2 : An&ther
$all that has a ne(li(i$le ra"i+s, a net '&sitive char(e
&) 2 C, an" a ass &) l00 ( is hel" insi"e the ca'acit&r
a(ainst the '&sitive 'late. *t is then release". .hat is
the -inetic
B. -@2,000 J
C. 0 J
D. l3B -J
5I. .hat is S
&
)&r the reacti&n,
ener(% &) the $all !hen it reaches the ne(ative 'lateH N
2F(G
+ 3H
2F(G
2NH H
3F(G
A. l2 J
B. 5 J
C. 26 J
D. 35 J
A. -20l J*K
B. -l@2 J*K
C. -l3l J*K
D. 20l J*K
A>. .hat is the )&rce actin( &n the $allH
52. At 2A
&
C, the reacti&n N
2F(G
+ 3 H
2F(G
2 NH is
3F(G
A. B N
B. 6 N
C. l5 N
D. The )&rce !ill var% "e'en"in( &n its relative
'&siti&n $et!een the 'lates
AB. .hat !ill ha''en t& the )&rce &n the $all an" its
-inetic ener(% i) the v&lta(e is "&+$le"H
A. The% /+a"r+'le.
B. The% "&+$le.
C. The% sta% the sae.
D. C&rce is "&+$le"2 -inetic ener(% is /+a"r+'le".
A@. The v&lta(e is t+rne" $ac- "&!n t& l2 : An&ther
etal $all &) ass A00 ( is n&! (iven a net '&sitive
char(e &)
2 C an" hel" at the '&sitive 'late. *t is then release"
an" it accelerates t& the ne(ative 'late. .hat is its
-inetic ener(% !hen it reaches the ne(ative 'lateH
A. 26 J
B. l20 J
C. 6.B J
D. l2 J
Passa(e :
Cheical reacti&ns can $e vie!e" )r& a ther&"%naic
'ers'ective. Chan(es in enthal'% F HG an" entr&'% F SG
are the t!& "rivin( )&rces that "eterine !hether a
reacti&n is s'&ntane&+s. <i$$7s )ree ener(% F <G
c&$ines these t!& )act&rs in &ne e/+ati&n,
A. s'&ntane&+s.
B. n&t s'&ntane&+s.
C. ra'i".
D. sl&!.
53. *) the te'erat+re is increase", the e/+ili$ri+
'&siti&n &) the reacti&n sh&+l"
A. increase.
B. sta% the sae.
C. shi)t t& the le)t.
D. shi)t t& the ri(ht.
56. At 2A
&
C, %&(l&$in is a (l&$+lar 'r&tein. At hi(h
en&+(h te'erat+res, h&!ever, it !ill $ec&e
"enat+re" as in the )&ll&!in( reacti&n,
(l&$+lar %(l&$in "enat+re" %&(l&$in
<iven that H K -l>A -J*&l an" S K -3@> J*&l,
!hat is the ini+ te'erat+re at !hich (l&$+lar
%&(l&$in !ill $ec&e "enat+re"H
A. 63
&
C
B. @>
&
C
C. l25
&
C
D. l5B
&
C
Passa(e ;
A $i&l&(ist is st+"%in( the ec&l&(% &) a la-e. He +ses a
(lass-$&tt&e" $&at, an &r"inar% caera, t!& a(ni)%in(
(lasses, an" a c&'&+n" icr&sc&'e )&r his st+"%. *n
're'arin( )&r his 'r&0ect, he asse$le" the )&ll&!in( "ata.
< K H - T S n
vac++ !ater
n
K l.33
K l.A
vac++
n
(lass
K l.A
vac++ icr&sc&'e &il
)&cal len(th &) caera lens K A c
ll
)&cal len(th &) each a(ni)%in( (lass K l2 c
l
I
5A. .hen li(ht travels )r& air t&
!ater,
A. its )re/+enc% increases.
B. its )re/+enc% "ecreases.
C. its !avelen(th increases.
D. its !avelen(th "ecreases.
55. .hat is n H
>2. He c&llects s'eciens in c&ntainers an" e,aines &ne
&) the +n"er the icr&sc&'e in the la$&rat&r%. At a
a(ni)icati&n &) l,000 he )in"s that alth&+(h the
ia(e is lar(er, the level &) "etail is n&t i'r&ve" Fi.e.
there is 3e't% a(ni)icati&n3G. He "eci"es t& +se
the techni/+e &) &il iersi&n t& increase the
res&l+ti&n Fi.e. the sall s'ace $et!een the
&$0ective lens an"
A. l.62
!ater (lass
the sli"e c&ver sli' is )ille" !ith &ilG. =il iersi&n
B. 0.B@
C. l.l2A
D. l.00
5>. .hat is the a,i+ an(le &) inci"ence at the !ater*
(lass inter)ace )&r a li(ht ra% t& $e seen $% the
$i&l&(ist &n $&ar" the $&atH
A. sin
-l
0.5>
B. sin
-l
0.>A
C. sin
-l
l
D. sin
-l
0
5B. He 'h&t&(ra'hs s&e (eese A a!a%. *n &r"er t&
have a )&c+se" ia(e, !hat +st $e the "istance
$et!een the lens an" the )il in the caeraH
A. > c
B. B c
C. sli(htl% less than A c
D. sli(htl% &re than A c
5@. He e,aines a $+tter)l% that has lan"e" &n the $&at.
.ith the a(ni)%in( (lass hel" 6 c )r& the
$+tter)l%, !hat is the a(ni)icati&n &$taine"H
A. l.A
B. 3
C. l2
D. lB
>0. He 'laces the t!& a(ni)%in( (lasses in c&ntact !ith
each &ther. The c&$ine" )&cal len(th is
A. 6 c.
B. 26 c.
C. l2 c.
D. 5 c.
>I. He e,aines an +n"er!ater &$0ect $% iersin( a
a(ni)%in( (lass in the !ater. The )&cal len(th &) the
a(ni)%in( (lass
A. "ecreases.
B. increases.
C. reains the sae.
D. chan(es +n're"icta$l%.
increases the res&lvin( '&!er $%
A. )ilterin( &+t scattere" li(ht.
B. actin( as an&ther lens, a(ni)%in( the ia(e even
&re.
C. "ecreasin( the !avelen(th &) li(ht enterin( the
a'ert+re &) the &$0ective lens.
D. increasin( the )re/+enc% &) li(ht enterin( the
a'ert+re &) the &$0ective lens.
9+esti&ns I3B t& I62 are in"e'en"ent &) an% 'assa(e.
>3. A 20 -( chil" is 'la%in( &n a s!in( &) ne(li(i$le ass.
*t is attache" t& its 'iv&t '&int !ith t!& 3 r&'es.
The a,i+ s'ee" &) the chil" "+rin( a s!in(
c%cle is )&+n" t& $e 3 *s. .hat is the a,i+
tensi&n in each r&'eH
A. 200 N
B. 250 N
C. 50 N
D. l30 N
>6. A $ric- is restin( &n a c&ncrete s+r)ace. .hich &) the
)&ll&!in( is tr+eH
* . the )&rce re/+ire" t& &verc&e static )ricti&n
is (reater than the )&rce re/+ire" t& &verc&e
"%naic )ricti&n
**. the )&rce re/+ire" t& &verc&e "%naic
)ricti&n is (reater than the )&rce re/+ire" t&
&verc&e static )ricti&n
***. )ricti&n is 'r&'&rti&nal t& the c&'&nent &)
!ei(ht actin( n&rall% &n the s+r)ace
A. All are c&rrect.
B. * an" ** are c&rrect.
C. * an" *** are c&rrect.
D. ** an" *** are c&rrect.
>A. *n the c&nte,t &) electr&cheistr%, 3stan"ar" state3
re)ers t&1
A. All s&l+ti&ns are l M2 all (ases have a 'artial
'ress+re &) l MPa2 te'erat+re is 2>3K.
B. All s&l+ti&ns are 0.l M2 all (ases have a 'artial
'ress+re &) 0.l MPa2 te'erat+re is 2>3K.
C. All s&l+ti&ns are 0.l M2 all (ases have a 'artial
'ress+re &) 0.l MPa.
D. All s&l+ti&ns are l M2 all (ases have a 'artial
'ress+re &) 0.l MPa.
>5. .hat is the 'H &) a l00 l s&l+ti&n &) 0.lM acetic
aci" t& !hich A0l &) 0.lM Na=H has $een a""e"
FK
a
&) acetic aci" is l.B , l0
-A
GH
A. A
B. >
C. 3
D. l0
>>. #e)errin( t& the 'revi&+s /+esti&n, !hat ha''ens t& the
'H !hen a )+rther l0 l &) 0.lM Na=H is a""e"H
A. *t (&es +' t& 5 &r >.
B. *t (&es "&!n.
C. *t sta%s the sae.
D. *t (&es +' $+t &nl% sli(htl%.
ST0P. *C ?=E C*N*SH BEC=#E T*ME *S CA88ED,
CHECK ?=E# .=#K. ?=E MA? <= BACK T= AN?
9EEST*=N *N THE PH?S*CA8 SC*ENCES TEST
B==K8ET.
:er$al #eas&nin(
Tie1 BA in+tes
9+esti&ns1 >B-l3>
Directi&ns1 There are nine 'assa(es, each )&ll&!e"
$% several /+esti&ns. A)ter rea"in( a 'assa(e, select
&ne $est ans!er t& each /+esti&n. *) %&+ are +ncertain
&) an ans!er, eliinate the alternatives that %&+ -n&!
t& $e inc&rrect an" then select an ans!er )r& the
reainin( alternatives.
Passa(e
T+r$+lent )l&! &ver a $&+n"ar% is a c&'le, 'hen&en&n
)&r !hich there is n& reall% c&'lete the&r% even in si'le
la$&rat&r% cases. Nevertheless, a (reat "eal &)
e,'eriental "ata have $een c&llecte" &n )l&!s &ver s&li"
s+r)aces, $&th in the la$&rat&r% an" in nat+re, s& that, )r&
an en(ineerin( '&int &) vie! at least, the sit+ati&n is )airl%
!ell +n"erst&&". The )&rce e,erte" &n a s+r)ace varies
!ith the r&+(hness &) that s+r)ace an" a''r&,iatel% !ith
the s/+are &) the !in" s'ee" at s&e )i,e" hei(ht a$&ve
it. A !in" &) l0 eters 'er sec&n" Fa$&+t 20 -n&ts, &r 22
iles 'er h&+rG eas+re" at a hei(ht &) l0 eters !ill
'r&"+ce a )&rce &) s&e 30 t&ns 'er s/+are -il&eter &n
a )iel" &) &!n (rass &r &) a$&+t >0 t&ns 'er s/+are
-il&eter &n a ri'e !heat )iel". =n a reall% s&&th
s+r)ace, s+ch as (lass, the )&rce is &nl% a$&+t l0 t&ns 'er
s/+are -il&eter.
.hen the !in" $l&!s &ver !ater, the !h&le thin( is +ch
&re c&'licate". The r&+(hness &) the !ater is n&t a
(iven characteristic &) the s+r)ace $+t "e'en"s &n the !in"
itsel). N&t &nl% that, the eleents that c&nstit+te the
r&+(hness - the !aves - theselves &ve &re &r less in
the "irecti&n &) the !in". #ecent evi"ence in"icates that a
lar(e '&rti&n &) the &ent+ trans)erre" )r& the air
int& the !ater (&es int& !aves rather than "irectl% int&
a-in( c+rrents in the !ater2 &nl% as the !aves $rea-, &r
&ther!ise l&se ener(%, "&es their &ent+ $ec&e
availa$le t& (enerate c+rrents, &r 'r&"+ce E-an la%ers.
.aves carr% a s+$stantial a&+nt &) $&th ener(% an"
&ent+ Ft%'icall% a$&+t as +ch as is carrie" $% the
!in" in a la%er a$&+t &ne !avelen(th thic-G, an" s& the
!ave-(enerati&n 'r&cess is )ar )r& ne(li(i$le.
A vi&lentl% !av% s+r)ace $elies its a''earance $% actin(,
as )ar as the !in" is c&ncerne", as th&+(h it !ere ver%
s&&th. At l0 eters 'er sec&n", recent eas+reents
see t& a(ree, the )&rce &n the s+r)ace is /+ite a l&t less
than the )&rce &ver &!n (rass an" scarcel% &re than it
is &ver (lass2 s&e &$servati&ns in li(ht !in"s &) t!& &r
three eters 'er sec&n" in"icate that the )&rce &n the !av%
s+r)ace is less than it is &n a s+r)ace as s&&th as (lass. *n
s&e !a% the &ti&n &) the !aves sees t& &"i)% the
air)l&! s& that air sli's &ver the s+r)ace even &re )reel%
than it !&+l" !ith&+t the !aves. This sees n&t t& $e the
case at hi(her !in" s'ee"s, a$&ve a$&+t )ive eters 'er
sec&n", $+t the )&rce reains stri-in(l% l&! c&'are" !ith
that &ver &ther nat+ral s+r)aces.
=ne seri&+s "e)icienc% is the )act that there are n& "irect
&$servati&ns at all in th&se i'&rtant cases in !hich the
!in" s'ee" is (reater than a$&+t l2 eters 'er sec&n" an"
has ha" tie an" )etch Fthe "istance &ver !aterG en&+(h t&
raise s+$stantial !aves. The )e! in"irect st+"ies in"icate
that the a''arent r&+(hness &) the s+r)ace increases
s&e!hat +n"er hi(h-!in" c&n"iti&ns, s& that the )&rce &n
the s+r)ace increases rather &re ra'i"l% than as the s/+are
&) the !in" s'ee".
Ass+in( that the )&rce increases at least as the s/+are &)
the !in" s'ee", it is evi"ent that hi(h-!in" c&n"iti&ns
'r&"+ce e))ects )ar &re i'&rtant than their )re/+enc% &)
&cc+rrence !&+l" s+((est. Cive h&+rs &) 50--n&t st&r
!in"s !ill '+t &re &ent+ int& the !ater than a !ee-
&) l0--n&t $ree4es. *) it sh&+l" $e sh&!n that, )&r hi(h
!in"s, the )&rce &n the s+r)ace increases a''recia$l% &re
ra'i"l% than as the s/+are &) the !in" s'ee", then the
trans)er &) &ent+ t& the &cean !ill t+rn &+t t& $e
"&inate" $% !hat ha''ens "+rin( the &ccasi&nal st&r
rather than $% the l&n(-ter avera(e !in"s.
>B. Acc&r"in( t& the 'assa(e, several h&+rs &) st&r
!in"s
F50 iles 'er h&+rG &ver the &cean !&+l"
A. $e siilar t& the )&rce e,erte" $% li(ht !in"s )&r
several h&+rs &ver (lass.
B. create an &cean r&+(hness !hich re"+ces the
)&rce e,erte" $% the hi(h !in"s.
C. event+all% a))ect &cean c+rrent.
D. create a )&rce n&t (reater than 5 ties the )&rce &)
a l0 ile-'er-h&+r !in".
>@. Acc&r"in( t& the 'assa(e, a r&+(h-li-e &cean s+r)ace
A. is in"e'en"ent &) the )&rce &) the !in".
B. has the sae )&rce e,erte" a(ainst it $% hi(h an"
li(ht !in"s.
C. is &re li-el% t& have $een ca+se" $% a st&r
than $% c&ntin+&+s li(ht !in"s.
D. is a c&n"iti&n +n"er !hich the a''r&,iate
s/+are &) !in" s'ee" can never $e an acc+rate
)i(+re in eas+rin( the !in" )&rce.
B0. The a+th&r in"icates that, !here a h+rricane is
)&ll&!e" $% li(ht !in"s &) l0 eters 'er sec&n" &r
less,
* . &cean c+rrent !ill $e +na))ecte" $% the li(ht
!in"s
**. &cean c+rrent !ill $e &re a))ecte" $% the
h+rricane !in"s than the )&ll&!in( li(ht
!in"s
***. the )&rce &) the li(ht !in"s &n the &cean
!&+l" $e less than that e,erte" &n a !heat
)iel"
The c&rrect c&$inati&n is1
A. * &nl%
B. ** an" ***
C. * an" ***
D. ** &nl%
BI. The ain '+r'&se &) the 'assa(e is t& "isc+ss
A. &ceanic &ent+ an" c+rrent.
B. the e))ects &) !in" &n $&"ies &) !ater.
C. !in" $l&!in( &ver !ater as relate" t& ca+sin(
ti"al )l&!.
D. e,'erients in !in" )&rce.
B2. The a+th&r !&+l" $e inc&rrect in c&ncl+"in( that the
trans)er &) &ent+ t& the &cean is "&inate" $%
the &ccasi&nal st&r i)
A. hi(h-s'ee" !in"s sli''e" &ver !aves as easil% as
l&! s'ee" !in"s.
B. !aves "i" n&t &ve in the "irecti&n &) !in".
C. the )&rce e,erte" &n a !heat )iel" !as the sae as
&n &!n (rass.
D. the )&rce &) !in" +n"er n&ral c&n"iti&ns
increase" as the s/+are &) !in" s'ee".
B3. A !in" &) l0 eters 'er sec&n" eas+re" at a hei(ht
&) l0 eters !ill 'r&"+ce a )&rce cl&se t& 30 t&ns 'er
s/+are -il&eter &n !hich &) the )&ll&!in(H
A. En&!n (rass
B. M&!n (rass
C. <lass
D. .ater
Passa(e
There are )&+r ar(+ents that a% $e +se" in the
0+sti)icati&n &) the 'ractice &) e+thanasia in its vari&+s
)&rs. These )&+r ar(+ents are the e,'ressi&n &) the )&+r
'&ssi$le &tives that a% lie $ehin" the intenti&n t& -ill
that is the essential eleent in e+thanasia.
l. Ar(+ent )r& c&'assi&n
This ar(+ent aintains that !hen a 'atient is )ace" !ith
a sit+ati&n &) int&lera$le iser% an" "istress arisin( )r&
an inc+ra$le "isease, it is -in"er t& en" his li)e rather than
t& all&! hi t& live an" t& c&ntin+e t& s+))er. E+thanasia is
th+s 'r&'&se" &+t &) c&'assi&n )&r the 'ers&n !h&se li)e
it is )elt has $ec&e +n$eara$le.
2. Ar(+ent )r& the ri(ht t& "ie
Acc&r"in( t& this ar(+ent, a 'ers&n !ith an inc+ra$le
"isease that is ca+sin( 'ain an" "istress that cann&t $e
relieve" $% an% availa$le eans has the ri(ht t& "ean"
e+thanasia. This ri(ht t& "ean" their "eath is &)ten
re(ar"e" as 'art &) a h+an a+t&n&% $% !hich 'atients
have the ri(ht t& a-e "ecisi&ns a$&+t their treatent $%
health care 'r&)essi&nals.
3. Ar(+ent )r& s&cial 'r&(ress
This ar(+ent clais that s&ciet% has a e+(enic &$li(ati&n
t& eliinate the 'h%sicall% an" entall% +n)it )r&
a&n(st its e$ers. This vie! is $ase" &n the
+tilitarian s&cial
the&r% -n&!n as s&cial "ar!inianis. *t !as a '&'+lar
vie! in the earlier 'resentati&n &) the case )&r e+thanasia,
$+t it is less '&'+lar t&"a% since its c&nse/+ences !ere
seen in the s&cial an" racial '&licies &) Na4i <eran%.
H&!ever, it a% still $e +se" t& 0+sti)% the e+thanasia &)
han"ica''e" in)ants &r a"+lts s+))erin( )r& severe
"eentia &r a 'ersistent ve(etative state.
6. Ar(+ent )r& ec&n&ic necessit%
An&ther s&cial ar(+ent has $een a""e" t& the case )&r
e+thanasia in recent %ears !ith the rec&(niti&n &) the hi(h
c&st &) the e"ical an" s&cial care &) th&se 'e&'le !h&
i(ht $e can"i"ates )&r e+thanasia. The c&st &) the care &)
this t%'e &) 'atient can $e ver% hi(h in"ee" an" it is th+s
ar(+e" that the le(ali4ati&n an" 'ractice &) e+thanasia
!&+l" release &ne% !hich c&+l" then $e +se" )&r the
i'r&veent &) the health services )&r &ther secti&ns &)
the '&'+lati&n.
.e have n&! set &+t $rie)l% the ar(+ents +se" in )av&r &)
the 'ractice &) e+thanasia, $+t !e cann&t "eci"e )&r &r
a(ainst its +se &n the $asis &) these ar(+ents al&ne. T& "&
s& !&+l" $e t& i(n&re the i'&rtant ass+'ti&ns that
+n"erlie its 'ractice an" t& "isre(ar" the seri&+s nat+re &)
the "eli$erate -illin( &) an&ther 'ers&n !hich e+thanasia
inv&lves. Be)&re !e l&&- at the case a(ainst e+thanasia !e
+st there)&re l&&- at these ass+'ti&ns. There are at least
t!elve ass+'ti&ns, !hich a% $e set &+t in three se'arate
cate(&ries1 'hil&s&'hical, e"ical, an" le(al, as &+tline"
$el&!.
l. Phil&s&'hical
That an has a ri(ht t& "ie
That the val+e &) h+an li)e is eas+ra$le
That h+an li)e can $e "ealt !ith in the sae !a% as
anial li)e
That s+))erin( can have n& $ene)icial )+ncti&n
That an +ni,e" &tive &) c&'assi&n can $e (+arantee"
That a re/+est )&r e+thanasia is al!a%s rati&nal an"
relia$le
2. Me"ical
That e"ical "ia(n&sis an" 'r&(n&sis are al!a%s certain
That the "e(ree &) s+))erin( &) an&ther 'ers&n can al!a%s
$e realisticall% an" &$0ectivel% assesse"
That e))ective alternative eth&"s )&r the relie) &)
s+))erin( are n&t availa$le
That e+thanasia is the 0+sti)ia$le "+t% &) a "&ct&r
3. 8e(al
That the le(ali4ati&n &) e+thanasia can c&ntr&l its a$+se
That e+thanasia can $e clearl% "istin(+ishe" )r& +r"er
*t is &$vi&+s )r& the sheer n+$er an" si(ni)icant nat+re
&) these ass+'ti&ns that the% cann&t $e i(n&re" an" that
an% "ecisi&n t& le(ali4e the 'ractice &) e+thanasia is &ne
that !ill have seri&+s ethical, le(al, s&cial, an"
'r&)essi&nal i'licati&ns. The )&+r ar(+ents in )av&r &)
e+thanasia (iven a$&ve are &) +ne/+al val+e. The thir"
an" )&+rth ar(+ents have i'licati&ns that "& +ch t&
!ea-en their )&rce. The ar(+ent )r& s&cial 'r&(ress
has $een "estr&%e" $% the racial '&licies an" (en&ci"al
activities &) Na4i <eran%. The ar(+ent )r& ec&n&ic
necessit% is n&t acce'ta$le $eca+se it re"+ces h+an li)e
an" 'ers&nal ha''iness t& the i'ers&nal ters &) &ne%
an" e,'e"ienc%, !hich are n&t the ters in !hich the
h+an sit+ati&n sh&+l" $e assesse". The ar(+ent $ase"
&n an alle(e" ri(ht t& "ie arises )r& a c&n)+si&n &) ri(hts
an" li$erties. Man is )ree t& en" his li)e !hen he ch&&ses,
$+t this "&es n&t ean that he has a ri(ht t& "& s&. S+ch a
ri(ht "&es n&t e,ist ethicall%, le(all%, &r s&ciall%.
.e are le)t then !ith the ar(+ent )r& c&'assi&n. This
is es'eciall% str&n( in cases !here relatives have $een
&$li(e" t& !atch a l&ve" &ne s+))er +n$eara$le a(&n% an"
t& listen t& re'eate" re/+ests )&r the t& en" it all $%
e+thanasia. Nevertheless, it reains "&+$t)+l h&! )ar
c&'assi&n can $e all&!e" t& &ver-ri"e the &ther
'rinci'les that (&vern h+an $ehavi&r in an% (iven
sit+ati&n in the 'resent state &) h+an nat+re an" s&ciet%.
*) an acti&n is ethicall% !r&n(, &r even le(all% !r&n(, then
it is clearl% "&+$t)+l !hether an a''eal t& a &tive &)
c&'assi&n can a-e it ethicall% &r le(all% ri(ht.
*) !e l&&- at the ass+'ti&ns that !e have s+((este"
+n"erlie the 'ractice &) e+thanasia, it is clear that a n+$er
&) the are &) /+esti&na$le vali"it%. This is 'artic+larl%
tr+e &) th&se !e have classi)ie" as e"ical.
*n a""iti&n t& these c&nsi"erati&ns there are a n+$er &)
ar(+ents !hich can $e a"vance" a(ainst the 'ractice &)
e+thanasia !hich sh&+l" $e c&nsi"ere".
E+thanasia is +nnecessaril% ra"ical. *t "estr&%s the 'r&$le
rather than s&lvin( it. B% en"in( the li)e &) the 'atient it
"e'rives hi &) h&'e an" an% &''&rt+nit% &) re(rettin( &r
reversin( his "ecisi&n. *n cases &) int&lera$le 'ain it
"estr&%s the !h&le nerv&+s s%ste instea" &) the 'art in
!hich the 'ain is )elt.
E+thanasia is ethicall% in"e)ensi$le. There is an ethical
'rinci'le &) t&talit% that all&!s a 'art t& $e sacri)ice" )&r
the sa-e &) the !h&le. There is n& c&rres'&n"in( 'rinci'le
that all&!s the !h&le t& he sacri)ice" )&r the sa-e &) the
'art. That !&+l" $e an ill&(ical '&siti&n an" certainl% an
+nethical &ne.
E+thanasia is le(all% ina"issi$le. N& c&+ntr% has s& )ar
le(ali4e" e+thanasia, alth&+(h The Netherlan"s has c&e
ver% near t& "&in( s&. The "an(er in the le(ali4ati&n &)
e+thanasia lies in the '&ssi$ilit% &) its a$+se. 8e(islati&n
&n a$&rti&n in Britain has )aile" t& c&ntr&l the a$+se &)
a$&rti&n, an" siilar le(islati&n &n e+thanasia cann&t $e
e,'ecte" t& c&ntr&l its a$+se either. The le(al 'r&$le is
h&! t& "istin(+ish e+thanasia )r& +r"er.
E+thanasia is 'racticall% +n!&r-a$le. The vari&+s recent
schees that have $een s+((este" in Britain )&r the
'ractice &) e+thanasia have all ass+e" that it !&+l" $e
a"inistere" $% "&ct&rs. H&!ever, "&ct&rs are traine" t&
'reserve li)e an" n&t t& "estr&% it. *t is 'r&$a$le that there
are )e! "&ct&rs !h& !&+l" !ish t& $e -n&!n as the
e,ec+ti&ners &) their 'atients, )&r this !&+l" +n"erine
their "&ct&r-'atient relati&nshi'.
E+thanasia is increasin(l% +nnecessar%. .hen e+thanasia
!as )irst a"v&cate" in Britain an" &ther c&+ntries in the
l@30s, the c&nce't an" 'ractice &) 'alliative e"icine !as
+n-n&!n. D&ct&rs ha" n& (+i"ance an" little e,'erience in
the alleviati&n &) "istressin( s%'t&s arisin( )r&
inc+ra$le "isease. The &st e))ective +se &) &'i&i"s t&
c&ntr&l 'ain !as n&t +n"erst&&" an" &ther eth&"s &)
relievin( 'ain an" &ther s%'t&s !ere n&t -n&!n. *n
these circ+stances, e+thanasia &)ten seee" t& $e the
&nl% s&l+ti&n t& the 'atient7s 'r&$les. The sit+ati&n is
ver% "i))erent t&"a% an" the +se &) e+thanasia is
increasin(l% +nnecessar% an" even &+t"ate" as a eth&"
&) c&'in( !ith "istressin( s%'t&s an" sit+ati&ns. C&r
this !e have t& than- the 'i&neers &) the h&s'ice
&veent.
Even i) !e re0ect e+thanasia as ina"issi$le ethicall%, this
cann&t $e the en" &) the atter. The 'r&$le &) the c&ntr&l
&) s+))erin( still reains. .hat then &+(ht !e t& "&H
The )irst thin( t& "& is t& tr% t& 'revent the &cc+rrence &)
th&se sit+ati&ns )&r !hich e+thanasia has $een s+((este",
$% antici'atin( their &nset an" )&restallin( their
"evel&'ent. The sec&n" thin( is t& a-e availa$le t& &+r
'atients all the eth&"s &) relie) an" c&ntr&l &) "istressin(
s%'t&s that are n&! availa$le. The thir" thin( is t&
enc&+ra(e an" 'r&&te research aie" at the i'r&veent
&) the eans &) relie) &) s+))erin(, s& that ne! eth&"s
i(ht $e "isc&vere" an" &l" &nes a"e &re e))ective.
Cinall%, !e +st rec&(ni4e that the care &) the s+))erer
an" the relie) &) his s+))erin( are never '+rel% e"ical
c&ncerns, an" !e +st th+s 'r&vi"e )&r his 'h%sical,
ental, an" s'irit+al !el)are $% inv&lvin( all the carin(
'r&)essi&ns in an e))ective an" sensitive a''r&ach t& the
'atient an" his )ail% in &r"er t& s+''&rt the in their
sit+ati&n &) nee".
B6. Acc&r"in( t& the 'assa(e, the essential eleent in
e+thanasia is
A. the alleviati&n &) "istressin( s%'t&s arisin(
)r& inc+ra$le "isease.
B. the intenti&n t& -ill.
C. t& 'r&vi"e n& her&ic eas+res.
D. t& a-e reainin( li)e as ha''% an" )+l)illin( as
'&ssi$le.
BA. Cr& the 'assa(e, it can $e in)erre" that
* . there are l2 ass+'ti&ns +n"erl%in( the
c&nce't &) e+thanasia.
**. there are 6 ar(+ents +se" t& 0+sti)%
e+thanasia.
***. e+thanasia is a$s&l+tel% +nacce'ta$le
re(ar"less &) a 'atient7s sit+ati&n.
*:. e+thanasia is ille(al.
A. *, **, an" *** are c&rrect.
B. * an" ** are c&rrect.
C. *, **, an" *: are c&rrect.
D. All are c&rrect.
B5. An a''r&'riate title )&r this 'assa(e a% $e
A. 3P+t hi &+t &) his iser%3
B. 3D%in( !ith "i(nit%3
C. 3Cacin( &ne7s &rtalit%3
D. 3E+thanasia1 the ar(+ents )&r an" a(ainst3
B>. .hich &) the )&ll&!in( stateents is s+''&rte" $% the
'assa(eH
A. Patients have the ri(ht t& "ie.
B. *nc+ra$le 'atients have the "+t% t& "ie an earl%
"eath.
C. Patients have the )ree"& t& "ie.
D. Patients have the 'rivile(e t& "ie.
BB. <enerall%, the a+th&r sees t& $e
A. a(ainst e+thanasia.
B. s+''&rtive &) e+thanasia.
C. neither )&r n&r a(ainst e+thanasia.
D. i(n&rant &) the ain iss+es s+rr&+n"in(
e+thanasia.
B@. Acc&r"in( t& the 'assa(e, ar(+ents in )av&r &)
e+thanasia incl+"e all &) the )&ll&!in( e,ce't
A. e+(enics.
B. scarce res&+rces c&+l" $e '+t t& $etter +se.
C. h+an a+t&n&%.
D. a 'atient7s ina$ilit% t& 'a% )&r health care.
@0. .hich &) the )&ll&!in( stateents is n&t s+''&rte" $%
the 'assa(eH
A. S&e c&+ntries have le(ali4e" e+thanasia.
B. Pain an" s+))erin( can $e c&ntr&lle".
C. The 'art can $e sacri)ice" )&r the !h&le.
D. The str&n(est ar(+ent )&r e+thanasia is
c&'assi&n.
Passa(e
Car"iac ra"i&n+cli"e ia(in( is easil% t&lerate", relativel%
eas% t& 'er)&r, re/+ires &nl% &"eratel% e,'ensive
e/+i'ent, an" e,'&ses 'atients t& less ra"iati&n than ;-
ra% st+"ies that (ive c&'ara$le in)&rati&n. The
'r&ce"+res )all int& 2 $r&a" cate(&ries1 th&se that sh&! the
%&car"i+ &r %&car"ial in)arcts F'er)+si&n st+"iesG, an"
th&se that all&! eval+ati&n &) ventric+lar )+ncti&n an" !all
&ti&n Fventric+l&(ra'h%G. The% are !i"el% +se" t&
eval+ate certain 'atients !ith c&r&nar% arter% "isease
FCADG, valv+lar &r c&n(enital "isease, car"i&%&'ath%,
an" &ther car"iac "is&r"ers.
M%&car"ial 'er)+si&n ia(in( +s+all% +ses thalli+ 20l
FTl 20lG, a ra"i&active cati&n that is +se)+l $eca+se it
$ehaves as a '&tassi+ anal&(. C&ll&!in( *:
a"inistrati&n, thalli+ 20l ra'i"l% leaves the vasc+lar
c&'artent an" enters the cells in 'r&'&rti&n t& initial
$l&&" )l&!. A$&+t
6O &) the "&se enters the %&car"i+ te'&raril%2 this
sall acc++lati&n sh&!s the heart in relie) a(ainst the
l&! s+rr&+n"in( $ac-(r&+n" &) l+n( activit%. A)ter thalli+
20l reaches its initial "istri$+ti&n, an e/+ili$ri+ &cc+rs
$et!een %&car"ial thalli+ 20l an" that in the $l&&" an"
&ther str+ct+res Fe.(., s-eletal +scles, liver, -i"ne%s, etcG.
D+rin( this e/+ili$rati&n, the c&ncentrati&n in via$le
%&car"i+ !ill chan(e t& re)lect stea"%-state re(i&nal
$l&&" )l&!. Th+s, i) thalli+ 20l is in0ecte" int& s&e&ne
!h& is e,ercisin(, "e)ects in the %&car"ial "istri$+ti&n
!ill &cc+r in n&nvia$le areas Fe.(., in)arct, scarG an" in
via$le re(i&ns !ith re"+ce" $l&&" )l&! Fe.(., an ischeic
4&ne "istal t& a he&"%naicall% si(ni)icant c&r&nar%
sten&sisG. S+$se/+entl%, a)ter several h&+rs !ith the 'atient
at rest, the "istri$+ti&n !ill chan(e. *) the &ri(inal thalli+
20l %&car"ial "e)ect !as ca+se" $% a n&nvia$le scar, it
!ill a''ear +nchan(e". H&!ever, i) it !as an ischeic
area, the late ia(e is li-el% t& sh&! "isa''earance &r
"iin+ti&n &) the initial "e)ect. This is the $asis )&r
"etectin( re(i&ns &) e,ercise-in"+ce" ischeia $% se/+ential
thalli+ 20l st+"ies.
The e,ercise test +s+all% is "&ne &n a c&nventi&nal
trea"ill, +sin( the Br+ce 'r&t&c&l &r a siilar e,ercise
sche"+le, !ith 'atient &nit&rin(. *) n&
c&ntrain"icati&ns arise, e,ercise is c&ntin+e" t& at least
BAO &) the a(e-'re"icte" a,i+, an" thall&+s chl&ri"e
Tl 20l F2 t& 3.A CiG is in0ecte" !hile the 'atient is at
'ea- e,ercise. The 'atient is enc&+ra(e" t& c&ntin+e at this level )&r an a""iti&nal 30 t&
50 sec t& all&! )&r "istri$+ti&n &) ra"i&activit% +n"er the
in)l+ence &) e,ercise-relate" $l&&" )l&! 'atterns.
An alternative t& e,ercise testin( is the +se &) the c&r&nar%
vas&"ilat&r, "i'%ri"a&le. This "r+( increases %&car"ial
$l&&" )l&! in n&ral c&r&nar% arteries $+t n&t in arteries
"istal t& a sten&sis, res+ltin( in increase" 20l Tl +'ta-e in
the n&ral "istri$+ti&n &r relativel% "ecrease" activit% in the
sten&tic "istri$+ti&n. The res+ltin( ia(e th+s !ill a''ear
siilar t& &ne )&ll&!in( e,ercise. *a(in( &) 20l Tl in0ecte"
3 t& A in a)ter *: "i'%ri"a&le 0.A5 (*-( has a
sensitivit% )&r CAD siilar t& that &) e,ercise testin(. *:
"i'%ri"a&le is n&! a''r&ve" in the ESA )&r clinical +se.
=ral "i'%ri"a&le als& has $een +se" $+t is less relia$le
$eca+se &) varia$ilit% in "r+( a$s&r'ti&n. Di'%ri"a&le-
in"+ce" ischeia can $e reverse" $% *: ain&'h%lline.
*a(in( &) 20l Tl "istri$+ti&n in the heart a% $e "&ne as
a series &) 'lanar ia(es +sin( a c&nventi&nal scintillati&n
caera &r as a t&&(ra'hic rec&nstr+cti&n )&ll&!in(
ac/+isiti&n $% a r&tatin( caera s%ste, +sin( sin(le 'h&t&n
eissi&n c&'+te" t&&(ra'h% FSPECTG. Di(ital ia(e
enhanceent, !ith &r !ith&+t /+anti)icati&n, +s+all% is
'er)&re" $e)&re the st+"% is inter'rete".
C&'are" !ith c&r&nar% an(i&(ra'h% as the stan"ar", the
sensitivit% &) c&nventi&nal 20l Tl ia(in( )&r si(ni)icant
CAD is B0 t& BAO an" its s'eci)icit% is &re than @0O.
Stress re"istri$+ti&n 20l Tl ia(in( is &re sensitive an"
s'eci)ic than is EC< stress testin( in "etectin( si(ni)icant
c&r&nar% ischeia2 !hen 20l Tl res+lts an" stress EC<
)in"in(s are c&+'le", the sensitivit% )&r CAD increases t&
&re than @0O. Th+s, 20l T* ia(in( can $e +se" )&r
initial eval+ati&n &) certain 'atients !ith chest 'ain Fi.e.,
ainl% th&se !ith 'ain &) +ncertain &ri(inG, t& "eterine
the )+ncti&nal si(ni)icance &) c&r&nar% arter% sten&sis &r
c&llateral vessels "e&nstrate" $% an(i&(ra'h%, an" t&
)&ll&! +' 'r&ce"+res s+ch as $%'ass s+r(er%, transl+inal
an(i&'last%, &r thr&$&l%sis. *t is als& +se)+l )&r
'r&(n&sticati&n a)ter ac+te %&car"ial in)arcti&n, an" )&r
assessin( 'atients &n "i(italis, !ith $+n"le $ranch $l&c-,
!h& cann&t e,ercise, &r )eales.
SPECT i'r&ves the &verall sensitivit% )&r CAD t& at
least
@0O, !ith &st &) the (ain in "etecti&n &) in)eri&r an"
'&steri&r a$n&ralities that are n&t !ell vis+ali4e" &n
c&nventi&nal ia(es. *"enti)icati&n &) the vessels
res'&nsi$le )&r the "e)ects als& is i'r&ve". Sall areas &)
in)arcti&n that cann&t $e i"enti)ie" as 'ersistent 'er)+si&n
"e)ects &n 'lanar ia(es can $e seen &n the t&&(ra'hic
slices. *n a""iti&n, the ass &) $&th in)arcte" an" via$le
%&car"i+ can $e /+anti)ie", !hich is val+a$le in
"eterinin( 'r&(n&sis.
@I. .hich &) the )&ll&!in( stateents is n&t s+''&rte" $%
the 'assa(eH
A. Patients !h& cann&t e,ercise can $e (iven
"i'%ri"a&le.
B. A "isa"vanta(e &) car"iac ra"i&n+cli"e ia(in(
is the c&nsi"era$le e,'&s+re t& i&ni4in( ra"iati&n.
C. SPECT is &re sensitive than 'lanar ia(in(.
D. =ral "i'%ri"a&le is less relia$le than *:
"i'%ri"a&le.
@2. =n the !h&le, the a+th&r sees t& $e
A. a(ainst the +se &) car"iac ra"i&n+cli"e ia(in(.
B. in"i))erent a$&+t !hether car"iac ra"i&n+cli"e
ia(in( is +se" &r n&t.
C. n&t ver% -n&!le"(ea$le a$&+t the s+$0ect.
D. s+''&rtive &) the 0+"ici&+s +se &) car"iac
ra"i&n+cli"e ia(in(.
@3. .hich &) the )&ll&!in( stateents are s+''&rte" $%
the 'assa(eH
* . Car"iac ra"i&n+cli"e ia(in( re/+ires a ver%
heav% investent in e/+i'ent.
**. Car"iac ra"i&n+cli"e ia(in( c&nsists &) t!&
$r&a" s+$(r&+'s1 'er)+si&n st+"ies an"
ventric+l&(ra'h%.
***. Thalli+ 20l eits ra"iati&n, !hich is
"etecte" $% s'ecial caeras.
*:. T& a certain e,tent, c&r&nar% an(i&(ra'h% an"
EC< stress testin( c&+l" $e c&nsi"ere"
s+$stit+tes )&r car"iac ra"i&n+cli"e 'er)+si&n
ia(in(.
A. **, ***, *:
B. *, **, ***
C. *, ***, *:
D. *, **, *:
@6. *n 'er)&rin( car"iac 'er)+si&n st+"ies, the 'assa(e
i'lies that
A. the 'atient is in0ecte" !ith Tl 20l, scanne",
e,ercise", then scanne" a(ain.
B. the 'atient is scanne", in0ecte" !ith Tl 20l,
e,ercise", then scanne" a(ain.
C. the 'atient is e,ercise", in0ecte" !ith Tl 20l,
scanne", then scanne" a(ain a)ter restin(.
D. the 'atient is in0ecte" !ith Tl 20l, e,ercise",
scanne", then scanne" a(ain a)ter restin(.
@A. .hich &) the )&ll&!in( stateents is n&t s+''&rte" $%
the 'assa(eH
A. Tl 20l is ra"i&active.
B. Tl 20l can $e +se" )&r ventric+l&(ra'h%.
C. Tl 20l can $e +se" t& assess the )+ncti&nal
si(ni)icance &) c&r&nar% arter% "isease.
D. Tl 20l is a cati&n.
20
@5. .hich &) the )&ll&!in( stateents are s+''&rte" $%
the 'assa(eH
*. T& a certain e,tent car"iac ra"i&n+cli"e
ia(in( an" EC< stress testin( c&'leent
each &ther.
**. The c&ncentrati&n &) Tl 20l a% $e the sae
in n&ral an" ischeic %&car"i+ !hen
the 'atient is at rest.
***. SPECT is &re s'eci)ic than 'lanar car"iac
ra"i&n+cli"e ia(in(.
*:. The '+r'&se &) e,ercise in car"iac
ra"i&n+cli"e ia(in( is t& "etect via$le
re(i&ns &) %&car"i+ !ith re"+ce" $l&&"
)l&!.
A. **, ***, *:
B. *, **, ***
C. *, ***, *:
D. *, **, *:
@>. The 'assa(e s+''&rts &r i'lies !hich &) the
)&ll&!in( stateentsH
* . Esin( "i'%ri"a&le is less sensitive than
e,ercisin( the 'atient.
**. Tl 20l "istri$+tes itsel) in tiss+es in
'r&'&rti&n t& $l&&" )l&!.
***. *: a"renaline can reverse "i'%ri"a&le-
in"+ce" ischeia.
A. *
B. * an" ***
C. **
D. *, **, an" ***
Passa(e :
Th&+(h the &"ern hist&r% &) &il $e(ins in the latter hal)
&) the nineteenth cent+r%, it is the t!entieth cent+r% that
has $een c&'letel% trans)&re" $% the a"vent &)
'etr&le+. *n 'artic+lar, three (reat thees +n"erlie the
st&r% &) &il.
The )irst is the rise an" "evel&'ent &) ca'italis an"
&"ern $+siness. =il is the !&rl"7s $i((est an" &st
'ervasive $+siness, the (reatest &) the (reat in"+stries that
ar&se in the last "eca"es &) the nineteenth cent+r%.
Stan"ar" =il, !hich th&r&+(hl% "&inate" the Aerican
'etr&le+ in"+str% $% the en" &) that cent+r%, !as a&n(
the !&rl"7s ver% )irst an" lar(est +ltinati&nal
enter'rises. The e,'ansi&n &) the $+siness in the
t!entieth cent+r% enc&'assin( ever%thin( )r&
!il"cat "rillers, s&&th- tal-in( 'r&&ters, an"
"&ineerin( entre'rene+rs t& (reat c&r'&rate
$+rea+cracies an" state-&!ne" c&'anies e$&"ies
the t!entieth-cent+r% ev&l+ti&n &) $+siness, &) c&r'&rate
strate(%, &) techn&l&(ical chan(e an" ar-et
"evel&'ent, an" in"ee" &) $&th nati&nal an" internati&nal
ec&n&ies. Thr&+(h&+t the hist&r% &) &il, "eals have $een
"&ne an" &ent&+s "ecisi&ns have $een a"e a&n( en,
c&'anies, an" nati&ns s&eties !ith (reat calc+lati&n
20
an" s&eties al&st $% acci"ent. N& &ther $+siness s&
star-l% an" e,treel% "e)ines the eanin( &) ris- an"
re!ar" an" the 'r&)&+n" i'act &) chance an" )ate.
As !e l&&- t&!ar" the t!ent%-)irst cent+r%, it is clear that
aster% !ill certainl% c&e as +ch )r& a c&'+ter chi'
as )r& a $arrel &) &il. ?et the 'etr&le+ in"+str%
c&ntin+es t& have en&r&+s i'act. =) the t&' t!ent%
c&'anies in the C&rt+ne A00, seven are &il
c&'anies. Entil s&e alternative s&+rce &) ener(% is
)&+n", &il !ill still have )ar- reachin( e))ects &n the
(l&$al ec&n&%2 a0&r 'rice &veents can )+el
ec&n&ic (r&!th &r, c&ntraril%, "rive in)lati&n an" -ic-
&)) recessi&ns. T&"a%, &il is the &nl% c&&"it% !h&se
"&in(s an" c&ntr&versies are t& $e )&+n" re(+larl% n&t
&nl% &n the $+siness 'a(e $+t als& &n the )r&nt 'a(e.
An", as in the 'ast, it is a assive (enerat&r &) !ealth )&r
in"ivi"+als, c&'anies, an" entire nati&ns.
The sec&n" thee is that &) &il as a c&&"it% intiatel%
intert!ine" !ith nati&nal strate(ies an" (l&$al '&litics an"
'&!er. The $attle)iel"s &) .&rl" .ar * esta$lishe" the
i'&rtance &) 'etr&le+ as an eleent &) nati&nal '&!er
!hen the internal c&$+sti&n achine &vert&&- the h&rse
an" the c&al-'&!ere" l&c&&tive. Petr&le+ !as central
t& the c&+rse an" &+tc&e &) .&rl" .ar ** in $&th the Car
East an" E+r&'e. The Ja'anese attac-e" Pearl Har$&r t&
'r&tect their )lan- as the% (ra$$e" )&r the 'etr&le+
res&+rces &) the East *n"ies. A&n( Hitler7s &st
i'&rtant strate(ic &$0ectives in the invasi&n &) the S&viet
Eni&n !as the ca't+re &) the &il )iel"s in the Ca+cas+s.
B+t Aerica7s 're"&inance in &il 'r&ve" "ecisive, an"
$% the en" &) the !ar <eran an" Ja'anese )+el tan-s
!ere e't%. *n the C&l" .ar %ears, the $attle )&r c&ntr&l
&) &il $et!een internati&nal c&'anies an" "evel&'in(
c&+ntries !as a a0&r 'art &) the (reat "raa &)
"ec&l&ni4ati&n an" eer(ent nati&nalis. The S+e4
Crisis &) l@A5, !hich tr+l% ar-e" the en" &) the r&a" )&r
the &l" E+r&'ean i'erial '&!ers, !as as +ch a$&+t
&il as a$&+t an%thin( else. 3=il '&!er3 l&&e" ver%
lar(e in the l@>0s, cata'+ltin( states heret&)&re
'eri'heral t& internati&nal '&litics int& '&siti&ns &) (reat
!ealth an" in)l+ence, an" creatin( a "ee' crisis &)
c&n)i"ence in the in"+strial nati&ns that ha" $ase" their
ec&n&ic (r&!th +'&n &il. An" &il !as at the heart &) the
)irst '&st-C&l" .ar crisis &) the l@@0s - *ra/7s invasi&n
&) K+!ait.
?et &il has als& 'r&ve" that it can $e )&&l7s (&l". The Shah
&) *ran !as (rante" his &st )ervent !ish, &il !ealth, an"
it "estr&%e" hi. =il $+ilt +' Me,ic&7s ec&n&%, &nl% t&
+n"erine it. The S&viet Eni&n - the !&rl"7s sec&n"
lar(est e,'&rter - s/+an"ere" its en&r&+s &il earnin(s in
the l@>0s an" l@B0s in a ilitar% $+il"+' an" a series &)
+seless an", in s&e cases, "isastr&+s internati&nal
a"vent+res. An" the Enite" States, &nce the !&rl"7s
lar(est 'r&"+cer an" still its lar(est c&ns+er, +st
i'&rt hal) &) its &il s+''l%,
2l
!ea-enin( its &verall strate(ic '&siti&n an" a""in( (reatl%
t& an alrea"% $+r"ens&e tra"e "e)icit - a 'recari&+s
'&siti&n )&r a (reat '&!er.
.ith the en" &) the C&l" .ar, a ne! !&rl" &r"er is ta-in(
sha'e. Ec&n&ic c&'etiti&n, re(i&nal str+((les, an" ethnic
rivalries a% re'lace i"e&l&(% as the )&c+s &) internati&nal
an" nati&nal c&n)lict, ai"e" an" a$ette" $% the 'r&li)erati&n
&) &"ern !ea'&nr%. B+t !hatever the ev&l+ti&n &) this
ne! internati&nal &r"er, &il !ill reain the strate(ic
c&&"it%, critical t& nati&nal strate(ies an" internati&nal
'&litics.
A thir" thee in the hist&r% &) &il ill+inates h&! &+rs
has $ec&e a 3H%"r&car$&n S&ciet%3 an" !e, in the
lan(+a(e &) anthr&'&l&(ists, 3H%"r&car$&n Man.3 *n its
)irst "eca"es, the &il $+siness 'r&vi"e" an in"+striali4in(
!&rl" !ith a 'r&"+ct calle" $% the a"e-+' nae &)
3-er&sene3 an" -n&!n as the 3ne! li(ht,3 !hich '+she"
$ac- the ni(ht an" e,ten"e" the !&r-in( "a%. At the en"
&) the nineteenth cent+r%, J&hn D. #&c-e)eller ha" $ec&e
the richest an in the Enite" States, &stl% )r& the
sale &) -er&sene. <as&line !as then &nl% an al&st
+seless $%-'r&"+ct, !hich s&eties ana(e" t& $e s&l"
)&r as +ch as t!& cents a (all&n, an", !hen it c&+l" n&t
$e s&l" at all, !as r+n &+t int& rivers at ni(ht. B+t 0+st
as the inventi&n &) the incan"escent li(ht $+l$ seee" t&
si(nal the &$s&lescence &) the &il in"+str%, a ne! era
&'ene" !ith the "evel&'ent &) the internal c&$+sti&n
en(ine '&!ere" $% (as&line. The &il in"+str% ha" a ne!
ar-et, an" a ne! civili4ati&n !as $&rn.
*n the t!entieth cent+r%, &il, s+''leente" $% nat+ral (as,
t&''le" Kin( C&al )r& his thr&ne as the '&!er s&+rce )&r
the in"+strial !&rl". =il als& $ecae the $asis &) the (reat
'&st!ar s+$+r$ani4ati&n &veent that trans)&re" $&th
the c&nte'&rar% lan"sca'e an" &+r &"ern !a% &) li)e.
T&"a%, !e are s& "e'en"ent &n &il, an" &il is s& e$e""e"
in &+r "ail% "&in(s, that !e har"l% st&' t& c&'rehen" its
'ervasive si(ni)icance. *t is &il that a-es '&ssi$le !here
!e live, h&! !e live, h&! !e c&+te t& !&r-, h&! !e
travel - even !here !e c&n"+ct &+r c&+rtshi's. *t is the
li)e$l&&" &) s+$+r$an c&+nities. =il Fan" nat+ral (asG
are the essential c&'&nents in the )ertili4er &n !hich
!&rl" a(ric+lt+re "e'en"s2 &il a-es it '&ssi$le t&
trans'&rt )&&" t& the t&tall% n&n-sel)-s+))icient e(acities
&) the !&rl". =il als& 'r&vi"es the 'lastics an" cheicals
that are the $ric-s an" &rtar &) c&nte'&rar% civili4ati&n,
a civili4ati&n that !&+l" c&lla'se i) the !&rl"7s &il !ells
s+""enl% !ent "r%.
C&r &st &) this cent+r%, (r&!in( reliance &n 'etr&le+
!as al&st +niversall% cele$rate" as a (&&", a s%$&l &)
h+an 'r&(ress. B+t n& l&n(er. .ith the rise &) the
envir&nental &veent, the $asic tenets &) in"+strial
s&ciet% are $ein( challen(e"2 an" the &il in"+str% in all its
"iensi&ns is at the t&' &) the list t& $e scr+tini4e",
critici4e", an" &''&se". E))&rts are &+ntin( ar&+n" the
!&rl" t& c+rtail the c&$+sti&n &) all )&ssil )+els - &il,
c&al, an" nat+ral (as - $eca+se &) the res+ltant s&(
an" air '&ll+ti&n, aci" rain, an" &4&ne "e'leti&n, an"
$eca+se &) the s'ecter &) cliate chan(e. =il, !hich is s&
central a )eat+re &) the !&rl" as !e -n&! it, is n&!
acc+se" &) )+elin( envir&nental "e(ra"ati&n2 an" the &il
in"+str%, 'r&+" &) its techn&l&(ical 'r&!ess an" its
c&ntri$+ti&n t& sha'in( the &"ern !&rl", )in"s itsel) &n
the "e)ensive, char(e" !ith $ein( a threat t& 'resent an"
)+t+re (enerati&ns.
?et H%"r&car$&n Man sh&!s little inclinati&n t& (ive +'
his cars, his s+$+r$an h&e, an" !hat he ta-es t& $e, n&t
&nl% the c&nveniences, $+t als& the essentials &) his !a% &)
li)e. The 'e&'les &) the "evel&'in( !&rl" (ive n&
in"icati&n that the% !ant t& "en% theselves the $ene)its
&) an &il- '&!ere" ec&n&%, !hatever the envir&nental
/+esti&ns. An" an% n&ti&n &) scalin( $ac- the !&rl"7s
c&ns+'ti&n &) &il !ill $e in)l+ence" $% the e,tra&r"inar%
'&'+lati&n (r&!th ahea". *n the l@@0s, the !&rl"7s
'&'+lati&n is e,'ecte" t& (r&! $% &ne $illi&n 'e&'le - 20
'ercent &re 'e&'le at the en" &) this "eca"e than at the
$e(innin( - !ith &st &) the !&rl"7s 'e&'le "ean"in(
the 3ri(ht3 t& c&ns+e. The (l&$al envir&nental
a(en"as &) the in"+strial !&rl" !ill $e eas+re" a(ainst
the a(nit+"e &) that (r&!th. *n the eantie, the sta(e
has $een set )&r &ne &) the (reat an" intracta$le clashes &)
the l@@0s $et!een, &n the &ne han", the '&!er)+l an"
increasin( s+''&rt )&r (reater envir&nental 'r&tecti&n
an", &n the &ther, a c&itent t& ec&n&ic (r&!th an"
the $ene)its &) H%"r&car$&n S&ciet%, an" a''rehensi&ns
a$&+t ener(% sec+rit%.
@B. B% 3H%"r&car$&n Man,3 the a+th&r eans
A. &+r s&ciet%7 s "ail% li)e is 'erva"e" $% an"
"e'en"ent &n &il.
B. Man7s a"vance" +n"erstan"in( &) the cheistr%
an" +ses &) &il.
C. Man is a terri$le '&ll+ter.
D. Man is cheicall% c&'&se" ainl% &) car$&n
an" h%"r&(en.
@@. Acc&r"in( t& the 'assa(e, in the "eca"e &) the l@@0s,
the '&'+lati&n &) the !&rl" is e,'ecte" t&
A. "&+$le.
B. increase $% 20O.
C. increase $% t!& $illi&n.
D. increase $% lAO.
I00..hich &) the )&ll&!in( stateents can $e in)erre"
)r& the 'assa(eH
* . The ESA7s '&siti&n as a s+'er '&!er !&+l"
$e stren(thene" i) it !ere less "e'en"ent &n
2l
&il.
26
**. =il has $een an i'&rtant c&&"it%
thr&+(h&+t rec&r"e" hist&r%.
***. *) the !&rl" '&'+lati&n e,'l&si&n can $e
c&ntr&lle", the )+t+re envir&nental
challen(es antici'ate" can $e &re easil%
&verc&e.
A. * &nl%
B. * an" **
C. * an" ***
D. *, ** an" ***
I0I..hich &) the )&ll&!in( is n&t "escri$e" as a
"isa"vanta(e &) the &il in"+str%H
A. Envir&nental '&ll+ti&n
B. The "eteri&rati&n &) inner cities
C. P&tential '&litical insta$ilit%
D. P&tential ec&n&ic insta$ilit%
I02.The ain '+r'&se &) the 'assa(e is t&
A. "isc+ss '&ssi$le alternative ener(% s&+rces.
B. anal%4e the ec&n&ics &) &il.
C. "isc+ss the r&le &il has ha" in the risin(
nati&nalis &) )&rer c&l&nies.
D. "isc+ss the i'act &il has ha" in &"ern hist&r%.
I03..hich &) the )&ll&!in( stateents is n&t s+''&rte" $%
the 'assa(eH
A. Seven &il c&'anies are 'art &) the t&' t!ent%
c&'anies in the C&rt+ne A00.
B. Be)&re the internal c&$+sti&n en(ine, the h&rse
an" c&al-'&!ere" l&c&&tive !ere 're"&inantl%
in +se.
C. The ESA i'&rts a thir" &) its &il s+''l%.
D. J.D. #&c-e)eller $ecae rich 'riaril% )r& the
sale &) -er&sene.
Passa(e :
Man% rea"ers ass+e that, as a ne&classical literar% critic,
Sa+el J&hns&n !&+l" n&rall% 're)er the a$stract, the
)&ral, an" the re(+late" t& the c&ncrete, the nat+ral, an"
the s'&ntane&+s in a !&r- &) literat+re. ?et an% cl&se
rea"in( &) J&hns&n7s criticis sh&!s that J&hns&n is n&t
$lin" t& the i'&rtance &) the ie"iate, vivi", s'eci)ic
"etail in literat+re2 rather, he !&+l" +n"ersc&re the nee"
)&r the tellin( rather than the erel% acci"ental "etail.
*n &ther !a%s, t&&, J&hns&n7s critical eth&" has +ch in
c&&n !ith that &) the #&antics, !ith !h& J&hns&n
an", in"ee", the entire ne&classical tra"iti&n, are (enerall%
s+''&se" t& $e in c&n)lict. J&hns&n !as !ell a!are, )&r
e,a'le, &) the sterilit% &) literar% criticis that is
le(alistic &r 'e"antic, as !as the case !ith the !&rst
'r&"+cts &) the ne&classical sch&&l. His )a&+s ar(+ent
a(ainst the slavish
)&ll&!in( &) the 3three +nities3 &) classical "raa is a
(&&" e,a'le, as is his "e)ense &) the s+''&se"l%
ille(itiate 3tra(ic&ic3 &"e &) Sha-es'eare7s latest
'la%s. N&te, in 'artic+lar, the $asis &) that "e)ense1 3That
this is a 'ractice c&ntrar% t& the r+les &) criticis,3
J&hns&n !r&te, 3!ill $e rea"il% all&!e"2 $+t there is
al!a%s an a''eal )r& criticis t& nat+re.3
The sentient th+s e,'resse" c&+l" easil% $e en"&rse" $%
an% &) the #&antics2 the e'iricis it e,e'li)ies is a
vital /+alit% &) J&hns&n7s criticis, as is the !illin(ness t&
0ettis&n 3la!s3 &) criticis !hen t& "& s& a-es '&ssi$le
a &re "irect a''eal t& the e&ti&ns &) the rea"er.
A""is&n7s Cat&, hi(hl% 'raise" in J&hns&n7s "a% )&r its
3c&rrectness,3 is "ane" !ith )aint 'raise $% J&hns&n1
3Cat& a))&r"s a s'len"i" e,hi$iti&n &) arti)icial an"
)ictiti&+s anners, an" "elivers 0+st an" n&$le sentients,
in "icti&n eas%, elevate", an" har&ni&+s, $+t its h&'es
an" )ears c&+nicate n& vi$rati&n t& the heart.3
.&r"s!&rth c&+l" har"l% "e+r.
Even &n the /+esti&n &) '&etic "icti&n, !hich, acc&r"in( t&
the +s+al inter'retati&n &) .&r"s!&rth7s lB00 Pre)ace t&
the 8%rical Balla"s, !as the central area &) c&n)lict
$et!een #&antic an" A+(+stan, J&hns&n7s vie!s are
s+r'risin(l% 3&"ern.3 *n his 8i)e &) Dr%"en, he "e)en"s
the +se &) a s'ecial "icti&n )&r '&etr%, it is tr+e2 $+t his
reas&ns are all- i'&rtant. C&r J&hns&n, '&etic "icti&n
sh&+l" serve the en"s &) "irect e&ti&nal i'act an" ease
&) c&'rehensi&n, n&t th&se &) )alse 'r&)+n"it% &r
(ran"i&sit%. 3.&r"s t&& )ailiar,3 he !r&te, 3&r t&&
re&te, "e)eat the '+r'&se &) a '&et. Cr& th&se s&+n"s
!hich !e hear &n sall &r &n c&arse &ccasi&ns, !e "&
n&t easil% receive str&n( i'ressi&ns, &r "eli(ht)+l
ia(es2 an" !&r"s t& !hich !e are nearl% stran(ers,
!henever the% &cc+r, "ra! that attenti&n &n
theselves !hich the% sh&+l" transit t& thin(s.3 *)
the '&etic "icti&n &) the ne&classical '&ets, at its !&rst,
erects nee"less $arriers $et!een rea"er an" eanin(,
that envisi&ne" $% J&hns&n !&+l" "& 0+st the &''&site1
it !&+l" '+t the rea"er in cl&ser c&ntact !ith the 3thin(s3
that are the '&e7s s+$0ect.
I06.The a+th&r &) the 'assa(e "e&nstrates his i"eas
c&ncernin( J&hns&n ainl% $%
A. c&ntrastin( J&hns&n7s critical eth&"s !ith th&se
&) his c&nte'&raries.
B. citin( s'eci)ic ill+strati&ns "ra!n )r& J&hns&n7s
!&r-.
C. all+"in( t& c&nte'&rar% c&ents c&ncernin(
J&hns&n7s the&ries.
D. /+&tin( J&hns&n7s rear-s a$&+t the critical
a''r&aches 'revalent in his &!n "a%.
I0A.The 'assa(e i'lies that the 0+"(in( &) literar% !&r-s
acc&r"in( t& 'rec&nceive" r+les
A. ten"s t& lessen the e))ectiveness &) +ch &"ern
literar% criticis.
B. is the 'riar% "istin(+ishin( ar- &) the
ne&classical critic.
C. !as the 'riar% ne&classical techni/+e a(ainst
!hich the #&antics re$elle".
D. characteri4es e,a'les &) the !&rst ne&classical
criticis.
I05.The 'assa(e i'lies that the ne&classical critics
(enerall% c&n"ene"
A. Sha-es'eare7s +se &) the 3tra(ic&ic3 literar%
&"e.
B. the slavish )&ll&!in( &) the 3three +nities3 in
"raa.
C. atte'ts t& 0+"(e literar% erit &n the $asis &)
3c&rrectness.3
D. arti)icialit% an" a$stracti&n in literar% !&r-s.
I0>.Acc&r"in( t& the 'assa(e, J&hns&n7s &'ini&n &)
A""is&n7s Cat& !as
A. r&+n"l% c&n"enat&r%.
B. s&e!hat sel)-c&ntra"ict&r%.
C. +ltiatel% ne(ative.
D. e))+sivel% a"+lat&r%.
I0B.Acc&r"in( t& the 'assa(e, J&hns&n7s vie!s
c&ncernin( the +se &) a s'ecial "icti&n in the !ritin(
&) '&etr% !ere A. 3&"ern3 in their re0ecti&n &) a
clear-c+t "ivisi&n
$et!een the "icti&n &) '&etr% an" that &) 'r&se.
B. 3ne&classical3 in their e'hasis &n the +se &)
lan(+a(e !ith a "irect e&ti&nal a''eal )&r the
rea"er.
C. 3#&antic3 in their "e)ense &) the i"ea that a
s'ecial "icti&n )&r '&etr% c&+l" $e st%listicall%
e))ective.
D. 3&"ern3 in their +n"erl%in( c&ncern )&r the
i'act &) the literar% !&r- &n the sensi$ilit% &)
the rea"er.
I0@..hich &ne &) the )&ll&!in( stateents $est
s+ari4es the ain '&int &) the 'assa(eH
A. Alth&+(h an% &) J&hns&n7s critical &'ini&ns
rese$le th&se &) the ne&classical critics, his
$asic c&ncerns are cl&ser t& th&se &) the
#&antics.
B. The +s+al classi)icati&n &) J&hns&n as a e$er
&) the ne&classical sch&&l &) criticis is $ase" &n
an inacc+rate eval+ati&n &) his critical the&ries
an" i"eals.
C. The #&antic critics !ere ista-en in their
$elie) that the critical i"eas the% )&r+late"
re'resente" a "e'art+re )r& th&se 'r&'&+n"e"
$% J&hns&n.
D. Alth&+(h an% &) J&hns&n7s critical &'ini&ns
rese$le th&se &) the #&antic critics, his $asic
c&ncerns are cl&ser t& th&se &) the ne&classical
critics.
Passa(e :
*n the ESA, the e"ical care s%ste has "evel&'e"
!ith&+t str&n( "irecti&n )r& the l&cal, state, &r
)e"eral (&vernents. The res+lt is a c&n)+sin( i, &)
!a%s in !hich services are &r(ani4e" an" 'ai" )&r. The
'er ca'ita c&st &) e"ical care an" the 'r&'&rti&n &) the
(r&ss "&estic 'r&"+ct +se" )&r e"ical care are hi(her in
the ESA than an%!here else in the !&rl", %et
a''r&,iatel% lAO &) Aericans still have n& )inancial
'r&tecti&n )r& the c&sts &) e"ical care. M&re&ver, the
e"ical care c&st in)lati&n rate is &ne &) the hi(hest in the
!&rl". Beca+se &) the hi(h c&sts &) e"ical care, a
variet% &) c&st-c&ntainent strate(ies have $een
"evel&'e". T!& that are +se" e,tensivel% t&"a% in the
ESA are the 'r&s'ective 'a%ent s%ste an" ana(e"
care.
Pr&s'ective Pa%ent S%ste
The 'r&s'ective 'a%ent s%ste FPPSG $ase" &n
"ia(n&sis- relate" (r&+'s has chan(e" the !a% h&s'itals are
rei$+rse" an" the !a% h&s'itals an" 'h%sicians thin-
a$&+t the 'r&visi&n &) care. Each h&s'ital a"issi&n is
classi)ie" int& a "ia(n&sis-relate" (r&+' FD#<G. A D#<
a% c&nsist &) a sin(le "ia(n&sis &r 'r&ce"+re, &r it a%
c&nsist &) several "ia(n&ses &r 'r&ce"+res that, &n
avera(e, have siilar h&s'ital c&sts 'er a"issi&n. An
+nc&'licate" "eliver% &) an in)ant, )&r e,a'le, is
c&"e" as D#< P3l3, an" a n&n-ra"ical h%sterect&% in a
!&an !h& is +n"er the a(e &) >0 an" has n&
c&'licatin( c&n"iti&n is c&"e" as D#<
P3AA.
D#<s !ere )irst "evel&'e" t& ena$le h&s'itals t& l&&- )&r
c&st 3&+tliers.3 C&r e,a'le, h&s'itals c&+l" anal%4e an"
i"enti)% th&se 'h%sicians !h& re(+larl% (enerate" (reater
than avera(e c&sts )&r care c&"e" as D#< P3l3. The
h&s'itals c&+l" then tr% t& )in" &+t !h% these 'h%sicians
(enerate" e,cess c&sts an" t& "evise eth&"s t& c&ntr&l
these c&sts in the )+t+re. The )e"eral (&vernent, h&!ever,
"eci"e" t& +se the D#< s%ste t& 'a% h&s'itals &n the
$asis &) a 'r&s'ectivel% "eterine" avera(e c&st )&r each
&) the &re than 6>0 D#<s. This s%ste $e(an t& $e +se"
in the treatent &) Me"icare 'atients in l@B3. Alth&+(h
there is n& )e"eral re/+ireent that h&s'ital 'a%ers &ther
than Me"icare +se the D#< s%ste )&r rei$+rseent,
several states re/+este" an" receive" )e"eral
'erissi&n t& inc&r'&rate D#<s int& their &!n
'r&s'ectivel% "eterine" rate-settin( 'r&(ras. .hen this
ha''ene", all thir"-'art% 'a%ers in the state ha" t& c&n)&r
t& the sae 'r&s'ectivel% "eterine" rates. This is re)erre"
t& as an all-'a%er s%ste. N&te that the h&s'ital is act+all%
rei$+rse" a)ter a s'eci)ic t%'e &) care is (iven2 h&!ever,
the a&+nt &) 'a%ent )&r the s'eci)ic t%'e &) care is
"eci"e" 'r&s'ectivel% Fin a"vanceG. *) a h&s'ital can
)in" a !a% t& re"+ce the c&sts an" 'r&vi"e the care )&r
less than the a&+nt rei$+rse" $% the PPS, it can retain
the e,cess a&+nt. *) a h&s'ital is ine))icient an" has
hi(her than avera(e c&sts )&r a h&s'ital a"issi&n, it !ill
l&se &ne% &n that a"issi&n. Beca+se h&s'itals !ith the
str&n(est a"inistrative teas an" "ata s%stes are
$est a$le t& -ee' c&sts $el&! PPS
rei$+rseents, there is a ten"enc% )&r the str&n( h&s'itals
t& (et str&n(er an" the !ea- h&s'itals t& (et !ea-er.
There have $een s&e (&&" res+lts )r& the PPS. C&r
e,a'le, there are n&! &re an" $etter "ata than $e)&re,
an" h&s'itals have a (reater a$ilit% than $e)&re t&
)in" +nnecessar% c&sts. The )+ll i'act &) the PPS &n the
/+alit% &) e"ical care has n&t $een "eterine". There is
evi"ence that s&e 'atients are $ein( "ischar(e"
s&&ner than "esira$le, $+t n& a0&r chan(e in e"ical
care /+alit% has $een clearl% "iscerni$le. =)ten, earl%
"ischar(e erel% 'asses the e"ical care 'r&$les Fan"
there)&re c&stsG "&!n the line t& the care instit+ti&ns
receivin( the 'atients )r& the h&s'ital1 the h&e, h&e
care a(encies, an" n+rsin( h&es.
The PPS a""e" +r(enc% t& an alrea"%-(r&!in( tren" t&
&ve as +ch e"ical care as '&ssi$le &+t &) ac+te
(eneral h&s'itals an" int& a$+lat&r% s+r(er% an" "ia(n&stic
centers. Beca+se the PPS "&es n&t a''l% t& a$+lat&r%
'r&ce"+res, 'r&vi"ers in a$+lat&r% settin(s c&+l" set
their &!n rates.
Mana(e" Care
*n an anal%sis &) the s&cial str+ct+re &) e"ical care,
Crei"s&n claie" that the characteristic that +ni/+el%
"e)ines the 3'r&)essi&ns,3 incl+"in( e"icine, is
a+t&n&% in 'ractice. .ith the a"vent &) ana(e" care,
als& -n&!n as +tili4ati&n ana(eent, the tren" a''ears
t& $e a!a% )r& 'h%sician a+t&n&% in s&e as'ects &)
e"ical 'ractice, s+ch as "eci"in( !hich 'atients can $e
a"itte" t& the h&s'ital an" h&! l&n( the% a% reain
there. Mana(e" care is a s%ste &) a"inistrative
c&ntr&ls, the (&al &) !hich is t& re"+ce the c&sts &)
e"ical care.
*n ana(e" care, h&s'itali4ati&ns !ill $e rei$+rse" $% a
thir"-'art% 'a%er &nl% i) the 'a%er has a''r&ve" the
a"issi&n $e)&rehan" F're-a"issi&n revie! an"
certi)icati&nG. *) a 'atient is a"itte" thr&+(h the
eer(enc% "e'artent, this a"issi&n is revie!e" the ne,t
"a% an" i) n&t a''r&ve" $% the thir"-'art% 'a%er,
rei$+rseent a% n&t $e 'ai" Feer(enc% "e'artent
a"issi&n revie!G. =nce a 'atient is in the h&s'ital, the
len(th &) sta% is cl&sel% &nit&re", an" the 'atient
a% $e )&rce" t& leave the h&s'ital as s&&n as
'&ssi$le Fc&nc+rrent revie! an" "ischar(e 'lannin(G.
=ther as'ects &) ana(e" care incl+"e sec&n" &'ini&ns
$e)&re elective s+r(er%2 +se &) 'riar% care 'h%sicians
as (ate-ee'ers Fall re)errals t& s'ecialists are re/+ire" t&
$e a''r&ve" $% the 'atient7s 'riar% care 'ractiti&nerG2
hi(h-c&st case ana(eent2 $ene)it "esi(n2 an" the
'r&visi&n &) )inancial incentives )&r 'h%sicians t& 'ractice
ec&n&icall%.
The c+rrent e"ical care s%ste in the ESA has an%
c&stl% ine))iciencies, !hich a% n&t $e a$le t& $e c&rrecte"
!ith&+t a0&r chan(es, s+ch as nati&nal &r re(i&nal health
ins+rance, a sin(le-'a%er s%ste, &r a c&$inati&n &) $&th.
Nevertheless, the '&ssi$l% hi(h initial c&sts &) shi)tin( t& a
ne! s%ste, the +ncertaint% &) its $ene)its, an" the
c&'le, '&litical c&'r&ises that !&+l" 'r&$a$l% $e
re/+ire" s+((est that, in the ie"iate )+t+re, there !ill
$e n& a0&r, ra'i" chan(e in the &r(ani4ati&n &r )inancin(
&) e"ical care in the ESA.
II0. Mana(e" care
* . re"+ces the a+t&n&% &) 'h%sicians
**. is a s%ste &) a"inistrative c&ntr&ls
***. see-s t& $etter ana(e the +tili4ati&n &)
health services
A. * an" ** are c&rrect.
B. ** an" *** are c&rrect.
C. *, **, an" *** are c&rrect.
D. N&ne are c&rrect.
III. Acc&r"in( t& the 'assa(e, the 'riar% '+r'&se &)
PPSs an" HM=s is
A. t& ens+re &re Aericans have )inancial
'r&tecti&n )r& health care c&sts.
B. t& c&ntr&l health care c&sts.
C. t& i'r&ve the /+alit% &) health care.
D. t& a-e (reater 'r&)its.
II2. *) the c&sts &) h&s'itali4ati&n )&r t!& e"ical
"i))erent c&n"iti&ns are a''r&,iatel% the sae, then
A. the% !&+l" $e in the sae D#<.
B. the% !&+l" $e in "i))erent D#<s.
C. the% a% &r a% n&t $e in the sae D#<.
D. the% !&+l" $e in the sae D#< $+t in "i))erent
s+$secti&ns.
II3. .hich &) the )&ll&!in( is s+''&rte" $% the 'assa(eH
A. The PPS has res+lte" in a "ecrease in the /+alit%
&) care.
B. The PPS has hel'e" sti+late the tren" )r& in-
'atient care t& &+t'atient care.
C. D#<s are (r&+'s &) "ia(n&ses in !hich the sae
&r(ans an" &r(an s%stes are a))ecte".
D. D#<s !ere )irst +se" )&r Me"icai" 'atients.
II6. The 'assa(e in"icates that
A. !hile ana(e" care en"eav&rs t& 'revent
+nnecessar% +se &) health services, PPSs en"eav&r
t& -ee' the c&st &) each h&s'ital sta% !ithin
reas&na$le $&+n"s.
B. !hile PPSs en"eav&r t& 'revent +nnecessar% +se
&) health services, ana(e" care en"eav&rs t&
-ee' the c&st &) each h&s'ital sta% !ithin
reas&na$le $&+n"s.
C. Mana(e" care an" PPSs en"eav&r t& 'revent
+nnecessar% +se &) health services.
D. Mana(e" care an" PPSs en"eav&r t& -ee' the c&st
&) each h&s'ital sta% !ithin reas&na$le $&+n"s.
IIA. Mana(e" care an" PPSs
A. are +t+all% e,cl+sive.
B. can c&-e,ist in the sae health care s%ste.
C. necessaril% &cc+r t&(ether.
D. are +ni/+e t& the ESA.
II5. Crei"s&n claie" that the characteristic that +ni/+el%
"e)ines the 'r&)essi&ns is
A. a relativel% hi(h inc&e.
B. &n&'&l% &n certain -n&!le"(e an" s-ills.
C. a+t&n&% in 'ractice.
D. restricte" entr%.
Passa(e :
The lar(e a0&rit% &) &+r )ell&! citi4ens care as +ch
a$&+t literat+re as the% care a$&+t archae&l&(% &r the
'r&(ra &) the le(islat+re. The% "& n&t entirel% i(n&re it2
the% are n&t /+ite in"i))erent t& it. B+t their interest in it is
)aint an" 'er)+nct&r%2 &r, i) their interest ha''ens t& $e
intense, it is s'as&"ic. As- the t!& h+n"re" th&+san"
'ers&ns !h&se enth+sias a"e the v&(+e &) a '&'+lar
n&vel ten %ears a(& !hat the% thin- &) that n&vel n&!, an"
%&+ !ill (ather that the% have +tterl% )&r(&tten it.
*n the )ace &) this, &ne a% as-1 .h% "&es the (reat an"
+niversal )ae &) classic a+th&rs c&ntin+eH The ans!er is
that the )ae &) classic a+th&rs is entirel% in"e'en"ent &)
the a0&rit%. D& %&+ s+''&se that i) the )ae &)
Sha-es'eare "e'en"e" &n the an in the street it !&+l"
s+rvive )&r a )&rtni(htH The )ae &) classic a+th&rs is
&ri(inall% a"e, an" it is aintaine", $% a 'assi&nate )e!.
Even &n th&se rare &ccasi&ns !hen a )irst class a+th&r has
en0&%e" iense s+ccess "+rin( his li)etie, the a0&rit%
has never a''reciate" hi s& sincerel% as the% have
a''reciate" sec&n"-rate !riters. The )irst-class a+th&r has
al!a%s $een rein)&rce" $% the ar"&r &) the 'assi&nate )e!.
An" in the case &) an a+th&r !h& eer(e" int& (l&r% a)ter
his "eath, this has $een "+e s&lel% t& the &$stinate
'erseverance &) the )e!. The% -e't &n sav&rin( hi, an"
tal-in( a$&+t hi, an" $+%in( hi, an" the% (enerall%
$ehave" !ith s+ch ea(er 4eal, an" the% !ere s&
a+th&ritative an" s+re &) theselves, that at last the
a0&rit% (re! acc+st&e" t& the s&+n" &) his nae an"
'laci"l% a(ree" t& the 'r&'&siti&n that he !as a (eni+s.
The a0&rit% reall% "i" n&t care ver% +ch either !a%.
.hat ca+ses the 'assi&nate )e! t& a-e s+ch a )+ss a$&+t
literat+reH There can $e &nl% &ne re'l%. The% )in" a -een
an" lastin( 'leas+re in it. The% en0&% literat+re as s&e
'e&'le en0&% $eer. An" !hat are the /+alities &) a $&&-
that (ive -een an" lastin( 'leas+re t& the 'assi&nate )e!H
This is a /+esti&n s& "i))ic+lt that it has never %et $een
c&'letel% ans!ere". ?&+ a% tal- li(htl% a$&+t tr+th,
insi(ht, -n&!le"(e, !is"&, h+&r, an" $ea+t%, $+t
these c&)&rta$le !&r"s "& n&t reall% carr% %&+ ver%
)ar, )&r each &) the has t& $e "e)ine", es'eciall% the )irst
an" last. *t is all ver% !ell )&r Keats in his air% anner t&
assert that $ea+t% is tr+th, tr+th $ea+t%, an" that is all he
-n&!s &r nee"s t& -n&!. *, )&r &ne, nee" t& -n&! a l&t
&re. An" * shall never -n&!. N&$&"%, n&t even a (reat
critic li-e Ha4litt &r Sainte-Be+ve, has ever )inall%
e,'laine" !h% he th&+(ht a $&&- $ea+ti)+l.
A classic is a !&r- that (ives 'leas+re t& the in&rit% that
is intensel% an" 'eranentl% intereste" in literat+re. *t lives
&n $eca+se the in&rit%, ea(er t& rene! the sensati&n &)
'leas+re, is eternall% c+ri&+s an" is there)&re en(a(e" in
an eternal 'r&cess &) re"isc&ver%. A classic "&es n&t
s+rvive )&r an% ethical reas&n. *t "&es n&t s+rvive
$eca+se it c&n)&rs t& certain can&ns &r r+les. *t s+rvives
$eca+se it is a s&+rce &) 'leas+re.
II>. .hich &) the )&ll&!in( !&+l" $e the &st
a''r&'riate title )&r the 'assa(e a$&veH
A. The 8a!s &) 8iterar% <reatness
B. .hat Ma-es a Classic a ClassicH
C. The S&+rces &) Sha-es'eare7s #e'+tati&n.
D. The *n"i))erent Ma0&rit% an" the Cate &) 8iterat+re
IIB. Acc&r"in( t& the 'assa(e, the &st )+n"aental
s&+rce &) val+e in a !&r- &) literat+re is its
A. ev&cati&n &) $ea+t%.
B. tr+th t& nat+re.
C. a$ilit% t& (ive 'leas+re.
D. a"herence t& aesthetic can&ns &r r+les.
II@. Acc&r"in( t& the 'assa(e, the r&le &) the a0&rit% in
esta$lishin( certain literar% !&r-s as classics is
'riaril%
A. anta(&nistic.
B. 'assive.
C. s+''&rtive.
D. c&ercial.
I20.*t can $e in)erre" that the a+th&r &) the 'assa(e !&+l"
'r&$a$l% c&nsi"er the n&vel enti&ne" in the )irst
'ara(ra'h as an e,a'le &)
A. the -in" &) classic !&r- that attains (en+ine
ren&!n &nl% a)ter its a+th&r7s "eath.
B. a !&r- that +nites tr+th an" $ea+t% in the
Keatsian sense.
C. the !&r- &) a 3sec&n"-rate3 !riter.
D. the -in" &) $&&- that is tr+l% a''reciate" &nl% $%
the 'assi&nate )e!.
I2I..hen the a+th&r tal-s a$&+t a !riter eer(in( 3int&
(l&r%,3 he is re)errin( 'riaril% t&
A. a )irst-class a+th&r !h& en0&%s iense s+ccess
"+rin( his li)etie.
B. a sec&n"-rate !riter !h&se !&r-s "& n&t $ec&e
'&'+lar +ntil a)ter his "eath.
C. an% !riter !h& attains (reat 'ers&nal )ae !hile
his !&r-s reain little rea".
D. a )irst-rate !riter !h&se !&r-s are acclaie"
'&sth+&+sl% as classics.
I22.*t can $e in)erre" )r& the 'assa(e that the a+th&r
c&nsi"ers the aesthetic 'rinci'le e$&"ie" in Keats7
asserti&n that 3$ea+t% is tr+th, tr+th $ea+t%3 t& $e
A. %steri&+sl% a't.
B. va(+e an" ina"e/+ate.
C. +n&rth&"&, $+t re)reshin(l% si'le.
D. cl&sel% a-in t& the aesthetic 'rinci'les &) Ha4litt
an" Sainte-Be+ve.
I23..ith !hich &) the )&ll&!in( stateents !&+l" the
a+th&r $e &st li-el% t& a(reeH
A. A (reat !&r- &) literat+re e$&"ies a"ira$le
&ral as !ell as artistic /+alities.
B. A $&&- that the avera(e rea"er can a''reciate is
&ne that is li-el% t& $e &) lastin( val+e.
C. Th&se !h& tr+l% l&ve literat+re share certain
tastes, th&+(h the% cann&t clearl% "e)ine the.
D. *) an a+th&r is "estine" t& attain classic stat+s, his
!&rth is +s+all% ie"iatel% &$vi&+s.
Passa(e :
The three a0&r characteristics &) ali(nant ne&'lass in
h+ans are )irst, that (r&!th is n&t s+$0ect t& the n&ral
c&nstraints &) the 'arent tiss+e. Sec&n", that cancers
al!a%s sh&! a "e(ree &) ana'lasia, !hich is a l&ss &)
cell+lar "i))erentiati&n. This is ass&ciate" !ith a lac- &)
s&e &) the )+ncti&ns &) the n&ral, "i))erentiate"
'arent tiss+e. Thir", that cancers have the 'r&'ert% &)
etastasis, that is the a$ilit% t& s'rea" )r& the site &)
&ri(in t& "istant tiss+es. .hile these )eat+res are 'resent in
&st h+an ali(nant ne&'lass, s&e &) these
'r&'erties are n&t a$s&l+tel% "istinct )r& n&ral
tiss+es. Th+s it is tr+e that the n&ral re(+lat&r%
echaniss c&ntr&llin( (r&!th are "e)ective in cancer,
$+t that is n&t t& sa% that there is n& chec- &r c&nstraint
&n the 'attern &) (r&!th &) h+an ne&'lass. Siilarl%,
alth&+(h !e re(ar" the &st ana'lastic &) cancers as
7+n"i))erentiate"7 in the sense that the% see t& have
arisen )r& the &re 'riitive 'rec+rs&rs &) the
"i))erentiate" tiss+e2 an% cancers n&ne the less "& retain
s&e &) the )+ncti&ns &) the at+re tiss+es. Metastasis is,
h&!ever, a 'r&'ert% +ni/+e t& cancer. C+rther&re, it is
etastasis that in &st instances -ills the 'atient an"
+n"erstan"in( the $i&l&(% &) etastasis is &ne &) the
central 'r&$les &) cancer research.
There is n&! a c&nsi"era$le $&"% &) evi"ence that &st
h+an ne&'lass are &n&cl&nal in &ri(in. This eans
that the &ri(inal &nc&(enic event a))ecte" a sin(le cell, an"
that the t+&r is the res+lt &) (r&!th )r& that &ne cell.
=ne 'r&$le !ith the c&nce't &) &n&cl&nalit% is that it
has s&eties le" investi(at&rs t& $elieve that there is a
)ar (reater +ni)&rit% &) $ehavi&r &) cancer than is in )act
the case. *n s'ite &) the &n&cl&nal &ri(in &) ne&'lass,
si(ni)icant heter&(eneit% a''ears t& arise "+rin( the c&+rse
&) "evel&'ent &) the t+&rs. This has i'&rtant
i'licati&ns )&r treatent an" )&r +n"erstan"in( the nat+re
&) etastases.
H&! "&es heter&(eneit% ariseH *) the t+&r is '&l%cl&nal
in &ri(in then "iversit% can $e e,'laine" &n this $asis. *)
&n&cl&nal, &ther e,'lanati&ns are nee"e". *t has $een
'&st+late" that the &cc+rrence &) ali(nanc% c&n)ers an
inherent (enetic insta$ilit% &n the cl&n&(enic cells an"
that, "+rin( the c&+rse &) the (r&!th &) the t+&r,
'hen&t%'ic "i))erences in cl&n&(enic cells "evel&'. Th+s
there is the "evel&'ent &) +tants, s&e &) !hich s+rvive
an" +n"er(& still )+rther chan(es, !hereas &thers,
"e'en"in( &n their a$ilit% t& s+rvive h&r&nal,
$i&cheical, &r i+n&l&(ical a"versit%, "ie. The at+re
t+&r can there)&re $e envisa(e" as $ein( c&'&se" &)
cells that are &n&cl&nal in &ri(in, $+t "iverse in ca'acit%
t& etastasi4e an" t& resist c%t&t&,ic "r+(s an" i+ne
attac-.
N&ral tiss+es var% (reatl% in $&th the rate &) cell "ivisi&n
an" the n+$ers &) cells that are activel% 'r&li)eratin(. An
i"eali4e" re'resentati&n &) the !a% in !hich 'r&li)erati&n
&cc+rs in a n&ral tiss+e is (iven $% ste &r 'r&(enit&r
cells s+''l%in( a 'r&li)eratin( '&&l &) cells !hich )&ll&! a
'artic+lar "i))erentiati&n 'ath!a%. These $ec&e at+re
cells that are hel" t& $e inca'a$le &) )+rther "ivisi&n an"
s+$se/+entl% "ie. .hile this &"el a% a''l% t& h+an
cancers, it is '&ssi$l% an &versi'li)icati&n. T+&rs
'r&$a$l% "& c&ntain 'r&(enit&r an" at+re cells $+t it is
n&t clear !hether cell rene!al in a t+&r c&es )r& a sall
'r&(enit&r )racti&n. .hile the 'r&(en% &) ste cell "ivisi&n
(& thr&+(h s+ccessive "ivisi&ns, their n+$er increases, $+t
the n+$er &) )+rther "ivisi&ns the% are 7'r&(rae"7 t&
a-e "eclines c&nc&itantl%, an" the% event+all% "ie. *t
is a''arent that the sti+l+s t& cell "eath an" its
echanis is a 'r&(rae" 'r&cess +n"er (enetic c&ntr&l.
A n&ral tiss+e (r&!s an" "evel&'s t& a '&int !here cell
'r&li)erati&n is $alance" $% cell "eath an" the tiss+e
reains static in si4e, +nless s+$0ecte" t& a chan(in(
envir&nent, e.(. h&r&nal in)l+ences. *n a cancer, &n the
&ther han", the re(+lat&r% echaniss a''ear "e)ective
an" the t+&r (ra"+all% increases in si4e. Nevertheless,
this "&es n&t ean a ra'i" (r&!th.
The ali(nant cell is a$le t& esca'e )r& n&ral c&ntr&l
&) (r&!th. .hen n&ral tiss+es 'r&li)erate, the% "& s& t&
the '&int !here cell-t&-cell c&ntact a''ears t& $e a$le t&
e,ert an inhi$itin( r&le &n )+rther it&sis. *n c&ntrast,
trans)&re" cells c&ntin+e t& (r&! a)ter the% have $ec&e
c&n)l+ent, that is t& sa%, there is a l&ss &) c&ntact inhi$iti&n
&) cell "ivisi&n. T+&rs !ill (r&! an" increase in si4e
!hen 'lante" s+$c+tane&+sl% in i+ne s+''resse" ice
!hile n&ral tiss+es !ill n&t. The nat+re &) the cell
s+r)ace (l%c&'r&teins "i))ers )r& n&ral cells !ith an
increase in sialic aci" c&ntent, an" alterati&ns in the
s+r)ace char(e. The l&c&&t&r a''arat+s &) cells
Ficr&)ilaents an" icr&t+$+lesG $ec&e "is&r(ani4e"
an" the cells alter their sha'e an" sh&! e$rane
&veent at sites &) c&ntact !ith n&ral cells. At the
sae tie the t+&r cells $ec&e l&call% invasive,
alth&+(h the $i&cheical $asis &) this 'r&'ert% is ill
+n"erst&&".
As the t+&r (r&!s, t+&r $l&&" vessels 'r&li)erate
'r&$a$l% +n"er the in)l+ence &) t+&r an(i&(enesis
)act&rs, !hich sti+late ca'illar% )&rati&n. =ne &) the
res+lts &) l&cal invasi&n is that t+&r cells can enter
vasc+lar an" &ther channels &) the $&"% an" etastasi4e.
Havin( 'enetrate" the vasc+lar c&'artent, t+&r cells
+st !ithstan" the 'r&cess &) arrest in the ca'illar% $e" &)
an &r(an an" then start t& "ivi"e. At this site the t+&r cell
+st leave the ca'illar% $e" &) the ne! tiss+e. T& "& this
the t+&r cell +st 'ass thr&+(h the ca'illar% en"&theli+
an" s+rvive attac- $% h&st "e)ense echaniss s+ch as
'ha(&c%tic cells an" s&-calle" nat+ral -iller cells.
The ca'acit% )&r invasi&n an" c&l&ni4ati&n &) "istant
tiss+es
varies !ith "i))erent classes &) t+&r. 8i-e!ise, a (iven
t+&r t%'e has a "i))erent ten"enc% t& etastasi4e in
"i))erent in"ivi"+als. M&re "isc&ncertin(l%, there
a% $e heter&(eneit% in the etastatic '&tential &) its
c&nstit+ent cells, even !ithin a sin(le t+&r in an
in"ivi"+al.
The i"ea that h+an t+&rs i(ht $e rec&(ni4e" as
)&rei(n t& the h&st has &$vi&+s attracti&ns, since i) an
i+ne res'&nse t& the t+&r &cc+rre" as 'art &) the
"isease, &r c&+l" $e 'r&v&-e" arti)iciall%, there !&+l" $e
&''&rt+nities )&r +sin( s+ch an i+ne res'&nse
"ia(n&sticall% &r thera'e+ticall%. H&!ever, +ntil t+&r
anti(ens are "e)ine" an" the nat+re &) the i+ne
res'&nse t& the, i) an%, is el+ci"ate", active s'eci)ic
i+nit% t& cancer reains an el+sive (&al.
I26..hich &) the )&ll&!in( stateents is n&t s+''&rte" $%
the 'assa(eH
A. M&st h+an ne&'lass are &n&cl&nal in &ri(in.
B. The cells that c&'rise a t+&r can $e ver%
"i))erent )r& each &ther.
C. All cancers (r&! +nc&ntr&lla$l%.
D. The ca'acit% )&r etastasis varies !ith "i))erent
t%'es &) cancer.
I2A.Acc&r"in( t& the 'assa(e1
*. etastasis is a 'r&'ert% that "istin(+ishes
cancer )r& n&n-cancer.
**. the cell s+r)ace (l%c&'r&teins &) cancer cells
have increase" salic%lic aci" c&ntent c&'are"
t& n&ral cells.
***. the icr&)ilaents an" icr&t+$+les &)
cancer cells $ec&e "is&r(ani4e".
A. * is c&rrect.
B. ** is c&rrect.
C. * an" ** are c&rrect.
D. * an" *** are c&rrect.
I25..hich stateent can $e in)erre" )r& the 'assa(e1
A. Cancer is $r&+(ht a$&+t $% an% cells t+rnin(
ali(nant at the sae tie.
B. Nat+ral -iller cells an" 'ha(&c%tic cells a% $e
a$le t& 'revent etastasis.
C. *+n&l&(ical thera'ies are &ne &) the &st
e))ective cancer treatents.
D. T+&rs are a$le t& (r&! re(ar"less &) h&! little
$l&&" s+''l% there a% $e.
I2>..hich &) the )&ll&!in( stateents is s+''&rte" $% the
'assa(e1
A. Cancers (r&! ver% ra'i"l%.
B. Che&thera'% is &)ten +se" t& c&$at etastasis.
C. Preventi&n is $etter than c+re.
D. Cancer cells l&se c&ntact inhi$iti&n &) cell "ivisi&n.
I2B.The &st a''r&'riate title )&r this 'assa(e !&+l" $e
A. 3Cancer Treatent3
B. 3Cancer3
C. 3Cancer Bi&l&(%3
D. 3The Ca+ses &) Cancer3
I2@..hich &) the )&ll&!in( stateents is n&t s+''&rte" $%
the 'assa(eH
A. Ste cells are the least "i))erentiate" cells in a
tiss+e.
B. Enli-e their 'r&(en%, ste cells are n&t
7'r&(rae"7 t& "ie.
C. Ste cells are the &nl% cells in a tiss+e that can
"ivi"e.
D. Nat+ral cell "eath is +n"er (enetic c&ntr&l.
I30..hich &) the )&ll&!in( stateents is*are i'lie" &r
in)erre" $% the 'assa(e1
*. Cancer a% inv&lve a$n&ralities &)
icr&t+$+les an" icr&)ilaents.
**. Cancer a% inv&lve a$n&ralities &) the cell
e$rane.
***. Cancer a% inv&lve a$n&ralities &) the
<&l(i a''arat+s.
A. *, ** an" ***
B. * an" **
C. ** an" ***
D. N&ne &) the
Passa(e ;
The '&et an" critic .. H. Al"en &nce !r&te, 3The critical
&'ini&ns &) a !riter sh&+l" al!a%s $e ta-en !ith a lar(e
(rain &) salt. C&r the &st 'art, the% are ani)estati&ns &)
his "e$ate !ith hisel) as t& !hat he sh&+l" "& ne,t an"
!hat he sh&+l" av&i".3 .hile Al"en "enies the
a''lica$ilit% &) a '&et7s critical the&ries t& '&etr% in
(eneral, he e'hasi4es the +se)+lness &) th&se the&ries as
a -e% t& the '&et7s &!n !&r-. *n this 'a'er, * have +se" the
criticis &) D&nal" Davie as a (l&ss &n Davie7s &!n
'&etr%, ta-in( the criticis n&t necessaril% as an &$0ective
"escri'ti&n &) the real !&r-in(s &) the '&etr% $+t, as Al"en
i(ht s+((est, as an in"icati&n &) Davie7s (&als as a '&et.
=ver the t!ent%-&"" %ears &) Davie7s career, these (&als
have +n"er(&ne n& )+n"aental chan(e. The st%le &)
'&etr% Davie "escri$e" as his i"eal in his critical essa%
P+rit% &) Dicti&n in En(lish :erse, '+$lishe" in l@A3, is
the st%le Davie7s &!n '&etr% still as'ires t& in his &st
recent !&r-. The chan(es in Davie7s '&etr% &ver the
%ears have $een "irecte" t&!ar" n&t an a$an"&nent $+t a
)+ller reali4ati&n &) the (&al he envisa(e" in the earl%
)i)ties, !hich he s+ari4e" as, in Eli&t7s 'hrase,
3the 'er)ecti&n &) a c&&n lan(+a(e.3
Calvin Be"ient, !h& re(ar"s Davie7s critical the&ries as
!r&n(hea"e", sees Davie7s $est '&etr% as a tacit
re'+"iati&n &) th&se the&ries2 Davie7s )inest l%rics,
acc&r"in( t& Be"ient, !ere !ritten in s'ite &), n&t $eca+se
&), his critical i"eas. C&r Be"ient, the (r&!th &) Davie7s
'&etic s-ill re)lects his (ra"+al 3esca'e3 )r& the in)l+ence
&) his &!n '&etic i"eals. B+t a &re care)+l rea"in( &)
Davie s+((ests that, &n the c&ntrar%, Davie7s $est '&es
are n&t &nes in !hich he "eviates )r& his state" '&etic
i"eals $+t rather th&se in !hich he c&es cl&sest t&
e$&"%in( the2 an" this he has "&ne !ith increasin(
)re/+enc% in his recent !&r-.
The can&ns &) Davie7s criticis are $asicall% )&+r1
FlG P&etr% sh&+l" $e 3'+re3 in "icti&n, !hich inv&lves,
'riaril%, ec&n&% an" restraint in the +se &) eta'h&r.
The '&et, acc&r"in( t& Davie, is c&ncerne" !ith
3'+ri)%in(3 as !ell as 3e,'an"in(3 the lan(+a(e2 that is,
n&t &nl% +st he c&in ne! !a%s &) seein( the !&rl" Fne!
eta'h&rs an" ia(esG, $+t he +st als& 'reserve an"
re)+r$ish the &l" !a%s. <&&" '&etr% "&es this thr&+(h the
+se &) rh%th an" s&+n" an" thr&+(h vivi", s'eci)ic n&+ns
an" ver$s that hel' t& revivi)% the eanin(s $+rie" in
"ea" eta'h&rs an" ia(es.
F2G P&etr% sh&+l" a"here cl&sel% t& the t!in &"els &), &n
the &ne han", 3'r&se an" care)+l c&nversati&n,3 an" &n the
&ther, the +sa(es &) the (reat '&ets &) the 'ast. The '&et
+st $e char% &) "rastic inn&vati&n !ith&+t a str&n(
reas&n. F3G P&etr% sh&+l" +se, as )ar as '&ssi$le, the
s%nta, &) &r"inar% lan(+a(e.
F6G P&etr% sh&+l" han"le its eanin(s as clearl% an"
e,'licitl% as '&ssi$le, "ra!in( "istincti&ns that are at &nce
s+$tle an" l+ci". P&etr% sh&+l" $e intelli(ent as !ell as
'assi&nate.
Davie a-es it clear that '&etr% that )&ll&!s these can&ns
a% n&t $e the &nl% real '&etr%, &r even the $est '&etr%2 as
he '&ints &+t, this -in" &) 3'r&saic stren(th3 is &st
characteristic n&t &) (reat '&ets $+t &) (&&" &nes, an"
Davie lists <&!er, <reville, Denha, <&l"sith,
J&ns&n, an" C&!'er as e,a'les. B+t it is this
c&'an% &) s&li", intelli(i$le, h&nest '&ets that Davie
as'ires t& 0&in, an" it is $% their stan"ar"s that !e +st
acc&r"in(l% 0+"(e Davie7s !&r-.
I3I.*n the 'assa(e, the a+th&r is 'riaril% c&ncerne" !ith
A. ill+stratin( an" "e)en"in( the $asic critical
the&ries set )&rth $% Davie.
B. "e&nstratin( that the st%le &) Davie7s '&etr% is a
re'+"iati&n &) Davie7s critical the&ries.
C. sh&!in( the relevance &) Davie7s critical !ritin(
t& an +n"erstan"in( &) Davie7s '&etr%.
D. in"icatin( h&! Davie7s '&etr% $&th )ails an"
s+ccee"s at $earin( &+t Davie7s critical the&ries.
I32.*t can $e in)erre" that the a+th&r7s attit+"e t&!ar"
Calvin Be"ient7s eval+ati&n &) Davie7s critical
the&ries is &ne &)
A. )ran- "isa(reeent.
B. rel+ctant a(reeent.
C. $e+se" +ncertaint%.
D. 'artial acce'tance.
I33.The a+th&r &) the 'assa(e an" Calvin Be"ient are in
a(reeent &n the i"ea that Davie7s '&etr%
A. re'resents an atte't t& esca'e )r& the
in)l+ence &) literar% the&ries.
B. e$&"ies Davie7s &!n critical i"eas.
C. hel's t& clari)% Davie7s critical the&ries.
D. has i'r&ve" in /+alit% &ver the c&+rse &) his
career.
I36.The a+th&r is intereste" in Davie7s l@A3 !&r- P+rit%
&) Dicti&n in En(lish :erse 'riaril% )&r the li(ht it
she"s &n
A. the !&r- &) the '&ets Davie a"ires.
B. Davie7s literar% i"eals.
C. Calvin Be"ient7s anal%sis &) Davie7s !&r-.
D. Eli&t7s in)l+ence &n Davie7s criticis.
I3A.Acc&r"in( t& the 'assa(e, Davie7s c&nce't &) 3'+rit%
&) "icti&n3 re)ers ainl% t&
A. the +se &) the s%nta, &) &r"inar% lan(+a(e.
B. the acce'tance &) !ell-!ritten 'r&se as a &"el
)&r '&etic st%le.
C. clarit% an" e,'licitness in the 'resentati&n &) i"eas.
D. a restraine" +se &) eta'h&r.
I35.The '&ets re)erre" t& in the last 'ara(ra'h are
enti&ne" 'riaril% $eca+se the%
A. !r&te the -in" &) '&etr% that Davie re(ar"s as the
(reatest.
B. !ere in)l+ential in the )&rati&n &) Davie7s critical
the&ries.
C. hel'e" t& sha'e Davie7s &!n '&etic st%le.
D. !r&te '&etr% that, in Davie7s vie!, e,e'li)ies
certain &) his critical the&ries.
I3>.The reain"er &) the 'a'er )r& !hich the 'assa(e is
e,cer'te" is &st li-el% t& c&ntain
A. a &re "etaile" e,'lanati&n &) Davie7s critical
the&ries.
B. an assessent &) the vali"it% &) Davie7s critical
stan"ar"s in the st+"% &) En(lish '&etr%.
C. an anal%sis &) Davie7s '&etr% in the li(ht &) his
&!n critical the&ries.
D. an in-"e'th anal%sis &) the !&r-s &) the '&ets
liste" in the last 'ara(ra'h.
ST0P. *C ?=E C*N*SH BEC=#E T*ME *S CA88ED,
CHECK ?=E# .=#K. ?=E MA? <= BACK T= AN?
9EEST*=N *N THE :E#BA8 #EAS=N*N< TEST
B==K8ET.
.ritin( Sa'le
Tie1 50 in+tes t&tal2
30 in+tes 'er essa%, each se'aratel% tie".
Essa% T&'ic I
The )+ncti&n &) the 'ress sh&+l" $e t& re'&rt &nl% the )acts &) "ail% events, n&t t& in)l+ence the '+$lic7s &'ini&n a$&+t
th&se )acts.
.rite a +ni)ie" essa% in !hich %&+ 'er)&r the )&ll&!in( tas-s. E,'lain !hat %&+ thin- the a$&ve stateent eans. Descri$e
a s'eci)ic sit+ati&n !hen the 'ress i(ht $e 0+sti)ie" in atte'tin( t& in)l+ence the '+$lic7s &'ini&n. Disc+ss !hat %&+ thin-
"eterines !hether &r n&t the 'ress sh&+l" atte't t& in)l+ence '+$lic &'ini&n.
Essa% T&'ic 2
Techn&l&(% s&lves an% 'r&$les, $+t in the 'r&cess &)ten creates ne! 'r&$les.
.rite a +ni)ie" essa% in !hich %&+ 'er)&r the )&ll&!in( tas-s. E,'lain !hat %&+ thin- the a$&ve stateent eans. Descri$e
a s'eci)ic sit+ati&n in !hich a techn&l&(% i(ht n&t create a ne! 'r&$le. Disc+ss !hat %&+ thin- "eterines !hen a
techn&l&(%7s $ene)its &+t!ei(h its '&tential 'r&$les.
3l
Bi&l&(ical Sciences
Tie1 l00 in+tes
9+esti&ns1 l3B-2l6
Directi&ns1 M&st /+esti&ns in the Bi&l&(ical
Sciences test are &r(ani4e" int& (r&+'s, each
'rece"e" $% a "escri'tive 'assa(e. A)ter st+"%in( the
'assa(e, select the &ne $est ans!er t& each /+esti&n.
S&e /+esti&ns are n&t $ase" &n a "escri'tive
'assa(e. ?&+ sh&+l" als& select the &ne $est ans!er
t& these in"e'en"ent /+esti&ns. A 'eri&"ic ta$le is
'r&vi"e" an" %&+ a% c&ns+lt it !henever %&+ !ish.
37
Peri&"ic Ta$le &) the Eleents
*A **A ***A *:A :A :*A
:**
A
:***
A
l H
l.0
2
He
6.0
3
8i
5.@
6
Be
@.0
A
B
l0.B
5
C
l2.0
>
N
l6.0
B
0
l5.0
@
C
l>.0
l0
Ne
20.2
ll
Na
23.0
l2
M(
26.3
l3
Al
2>.0
l6
Si
2B.l
lA
P
3l.0
l5
S
32.l
l>
Cl
3A.A
lB
Ar
60.0
l@
K
3@.l
20
Ca
60.l
2l
Sc
6A.0
22
Ti
6>.@
23
:
A0.@
26
Cr
A2.0
2A
Mn
A6.@
25
Ce
AA.B
2>
C&
AB.@
2B
Ni
AB.>
2@
C+
53.A
30
Dn
5A.6
3l
<a
5@.>
32
<e
>2.5
33
As
>6.@
36
Se
>@.0
3A
Br
>@.@
35
Kr
B3.B
3>
#$
BA.A
3B
Sr
B>.5
3@
?
BB.@
60
Dr
@l.2
6l
N$
@2.@
62
M&
@A.@
63
Tc
@>.@
66
#+
l 0l
6A
#h
l 02
65
P"
l 05
6>
A(
l 0>
6B
C"
ll2
6@ n
ll6
A0
Sn
llB
Al
S$
l 2l
A2
Te
l 2>
A3
l 25
A6
;e
l 3l
AA
Cs
l 32
A5
Ba
l 3>
A>--
>l
$el-
&!
>2
H)
l >B
>3
Ta
l B0
>6
.
l B3
>A
#e
l B5
>5
0s
l @0
>>
r
l @2
>B
Pt
l @A
>@
A+
l @>
B0
H(
2 00
Bl
Tl
2 06
B2
P$
2 0>
B3
Bi
2 0@
B6
P&
2 0@
BA
At
2 l0
B5
#n
2 22
B>
Cr
2 23
BB
#a
2 25
B@-
l 03
$el-
&!
l 06
En/
l 0A
En'
l 05
Enh
l 0>
Ens
l 0B
En&
l 0@
Ene
A>
8a
l 3B
AB
Ce
l 60
A@
Pr
l 60
50
N"
l 66
5l
P
l 66
52
S
l A0
53
E+
l A2
56
<"
l A>
5A
T$
l AB
55
D%
l 52
5>
H&
l 56
5B
Er
l 5>
5@
T
l 5B
>0
?$
l >3
>l
8+
l >A
B@
Ac
2 2>
@0
Th
2 32
@l
Pa
2 3l
@2
E
2 3B
@3
N'
2 3>
@6
P+
2 66
@A
A
2 63
@5
C
2 6>
@>
B-
2 6>
@B
C)
2 Al
@@
Es
2 A2
l 00
C
2 A>
l 0l
M"
2 AB
l 02
N&
2 A@
l 03
8r
2 52
Passa(e
The ne,t )e! /+esti&ns re)er t& the )&ll&!in( ta$le.
9+antit% C&r+la Enits
M&larit% &les &) s&l+te * 8 &) s&ln M
M&lalit% &les &) s&l+te * -( &) s&lvent
.(t 'er v&l F!*vG ( &) s&l+te * "8 &) s&ln O
Passa(e
Car$&h%"rates are '&l%h%"r&,%al"eh%"es &r
'&l%h%"r&,%-et&nes. H&!ever, in act+alit%, the car$&n%l
(r&+'s are &)ten 'resent as heiacetals an" acetals. Bel&!
are the str+ct+res &) s&e car$&h%"rates.
E/+ivalents 'er litre &les , char(e * 8 &) s&ln E/*8
=s&larit% &les &) all 'articles * 8 &) s&ln =s*8
=s&lalit% &les all 'articles * -( &) s&lvent =s*-(
0
H 0H
0
H 0H
0 0
H 0H H 0H
I3B.N&ral &r is&t&nic saline F0.BAO NaClG is c&&nl%
+se" t& treat "eh%"rati&n. .hich &) the )&ll&!in(
eth&"s !&+l" 'r&"+ce n&ral salineH
H0 H
H 0H
H 0H H0
H 0H
H0
H H 0H
H H0 H
A. BA0 ( &) NaClFsG is !ei(he" &+t an" 'lace" in a
v&l+etric )las-, !hich is then )ille" !ith
"istille"
0
0H 0 0H
0 0H 0 0H
!ater t& the l00 8 ar-.
B. BA0 ( &) NaClFsG is !ei(he" &+t an" 'lace" in a
v&l+etric )las-, !hich is then )ille" !ith
"istille" !ater t& the l 8 ar-.
C. B.A ( &) NaClFsG is !ei(he" &+t an" 'lace" in a
v&l+etric )las-, !hich is then )ille" !ith
"istille" !ater t& the l00 8 ar-.
D. BA ( &) NaClFsG is !ei(he" &+t an" 'lace" in a
v&l+etric )las-, !hich is then )ille" !ith
"istille" !ater t& the l00 8 ar-.
I3@..hat is the &larit% &) the a$&ve s&l+ti&nH
A. 0.0lA M
B. 0.lA M
C. l.A M
D. 0.A M
I60..hat c&ncentrati&n &) a (l+c&se s&l+ti&n !&+l" als&
$e is&t&nicH
A. 2O
B. 3O
C. AO
D. l0O
I6I.#e" $l&&" cells are i,e" in !ith the (l+c&se
s&l+ti&n.
.hat ha''ens t& the cellsH
A. The% s!ell.
B. The% shrin-.
C. The% reain the sae si4e an" sha'e.
D. The% chan(e sha'e.
I62.A 'atient7s ser+ is )&+n" t& have a Ca
2+
c&ncentrati&n &) 0.0l0O. This is e/+ivalent t&
A. 0.0A E/*8
B. 0.A E/*8
C. 0.2A E/*8
D. A E/*8
I 2 3 6
I63.The stere&cheical relati&nshi' &) c&'&+n"s F3G an"
F6G is that the% are
* . "iastere&ers
**. enanti&ers
***. e'iers
A. *** &nl%
B. * an" **
C. * an" ***
D. ** an" ***
I66.*) the F-G enanti&er &) each c&'&+n" is &,i"i4e" $%
$r&ine !ater t& %iel" the c&rres'&n"in( "icar$&,%lic
aci", !hich !ill still $e &'ticall% activeH
A. 2 an" 3
B. 3 an" 6
C. l an" 2
D. l an" 6
I6A.T& c&nvert these c&'&+n"s t& ri$&ses F)ive-car$&n
s+(arsG, &ne +st
A. c%cli4e the chain $% )&rin( a heiacetal !ith
the C-6 h%"r&,%l an" the C-l al"eh%"e.
B. &,i"i4e the C-l al"eh%"e t& a car$&,%lic aci".
C. re"+ce the C-A car$&,%lic aci" t& an alc&h&l.
D. re"+ce the C-A car$&,%lic aci" t& an al"eh%"e.
I65.#e)errin( t& the 'revi&+s /+esti&n, !hen c&'&+n" l
is c&nverte" t& a ri$&se, the c%clic heiacetal it )&rs
is
A. B.
.hat t%'e &) inheritance is this li-el% t& $eH
A. A+t&s&al "&inant
B. A+t&s&al recessive
C. ;-lin-e" "&inant
D. ;-lin-e" recessive
CH
2
0H
H0
0
H
H
0H
H 0H
H
c.
CH
2
0H
H0
0
H
H
H
H 0H
0H
CH
2
0H
H
0
H
H
H
H0 0H
0H
D.
CH
2
0H
H0
0
H
H
0H
H 0H
H
I6@.An&ther 'atient has a )ail% hist&r% in !hich1
l . nearl% all a))ecte" 'ers&ns !ere ales
2 . all "a+(hters &) an a))ecte" ale seee" t& $e
carriers
3 . n&ne &) the s&ns &) an a))ecte" ale !ere
a))ecte"
.hat t%'e &) inheritance is this li-el% t& $eH
A. A+t&s&al "&inant
B. A+t&s&al recessive
C. ;-lin-e" "&inant
D. ;-lin-e" recessive
I6>..hich &) the )&ll&!in( c&'&+n"s !ill (ive a
ne(ative
Bene"ict7s testH
A. B.
CH 0H
0H
2
H
0
0H
0
IA0.An&ther 'atient has a )ail% hist&r% in !hich1
l. the "isease !as e/+all% "istri$+te" a&n( the
ale an" )eale &))s'rin( &) a))ecte" )eales
2 . all "a+(hters &) an a))ecte" ale !ere a))ecte"
3 . n&ne &) the s&ns &) an a))ecte" ale an"
+na))ecte" )eale !ere a))ecte"
.hat t%'e &) inheritance is this li-el% t& $eH
A. A+t&s&al "&inant
H
0H H H 0H
B. A+t&s&al recessive
H0 H H0 H
C. ;-lin-e" "&inant
H 0H
H 0H D. ;-lin-e" recessive
0H
c.
D.
CH
2
0H
0
H
0
CH
3
H
IAI.An&ther 'atient has a )ail% hist&r% in !hich1
l . carrier )eales transit the trait t& hal) &) their
s&ns
2 . n&ne &) the carrier )eales7 "a+(hters !ere
0H H
H0 H
H 0H
Passa(e
CH
3
a))ecte", $+t hal) !ere carriers
.hat t%'e &) inheritance is this li-el% t& $eH
A. A+t&s&al "&inant
B. A+t&s&al recessive
C. ;-lin-e" "&inant
Sin(le-(ene "e)ects a% $e a+t&s&al &r ;-lin-e", an"
either "&inant &r recessive. A s'ecialist in e"ical
(enetics enc&+nters the )&ll&!in( cases.
I6B.A )ail% hist&r% is &$taine" )r& a 'ers&n a))ecte"
!ith a s+s'ecte" (enetic "isease. *t sh&!s a
'attern &) inheritance in !hich1
l . ever% a))ecte" 'ers&n ha" at least &ne a))ecte"
'arent
2 . n&ral 'ers&ns ha" n&ral &))s'rin(, !h& in t+rn
als& ha" n&ral &))s'rin(
3 . a$&+t the sae n+$er &) ales as )eales !ere
a))ecte".
D. ;-lin-e" recessive
IA2.An&ther 'atient has a )ail% hist&r% in !hich1
l . ales an" )eales !ere e/+all% a))ecte"
2 . t!& &) the &))s'rin( )r& t!& +na))ecte" 'arents
!ere a))ecte", !hile the &ther si, &))s'rin( !ere
+na))ecte".
.hat t%'e &) inheritance is this li-el% t& $eH
A. A+t&s&al "&inant
B. A+t&s&al recessive
C. ;-lin-e" "&inant
D. ;-lin-e" recessive
9+esti&ns IAB t& I52 are in"e'en"ent &) an% 'assa(e.
IA3..hich &) the )&ll&!in( #NA se/+ences !&+l" $e
transcri$e" i) the se/+ence &) the DNA c&"in( stran"
!ere TATT<CATCAAH
A. EAEE<CAECAA
B. AEAAC<EA<EE
C. TT<ET<CEETE
D. AEAA<CAECAA
IA6.A sarc&ere &n an electr&n icr&(ra'h is the re(i&n
$et!een
A. t!& D lines.
B. t!& H $an"s.
C. t!& A $an"s.
D. t!& * $an"s.
IA>.?&+ have at %&+r "is'&sal $en4ene, $r&ine, nitric
aci", an" s+l)+ric aci". H&! !&+l" %&+ 'r&"+ce
- $r&&nitr&$en4eneH
A. -$r&&nitr&$en4ene cann&t $e a"e !ith these
aterials.
B. Br&inate the $en4ene, then nitrate.
C. Nitrate the $en4ene, then $r&inate.
D. D& either B &r C.
Passa(e :
The )&ll&!in( /+esti&ns relate t& the reacti&n se/+ence
&+tline" $el&!.
IAA..hat is the ain 'r&"+ct &) the )&ll&!in( reacti&nH
I 0 C
2
H
A
0 0
0
-0 0
C
2
H
A
H
3
C
CH
2
0
+
H
3
C Et0
-
NEt0H H
3
C
CH 0
CH
2
A.
H
3
C CH
2
CH
2
0
0
6
H
3
C
CH
3
0 C
2
H
A
0 0
B.
H
3
C
CH
3
0H
C
+ C0
2
H 0
+
N heat
H
3
C
3
CH
3
c.
H
3
C
D.
H
3
C
HC
0
CH
2
C
HC
0
CH
CH
0
CH
3
IAB.C&'&+n" l is a*an
--et& car$&,%lic aci".
--et& car$&,%lic aci".
C. --et& ester.
D. --et& ester.
IA@.The )irst ste' in the se/+ence c&+l" $e enhance" $%
A. re'lacin( the h%"r&(ens at the al'ha '&siti&n $%
t!& al-%l (r&+'s.
B. re'lacin( &ne &) the h%"r&(ens at the al'ha
'&siti&n $% a chl&rine at&.
C. re'lacin( &ne &) the car$&n%l (r&+'s !ith i&"ine
at&s.
D. +sin( ethan&ate*ethan&ic aci" instea" &) eth&,i"e*
IA5.*n h+ans, essential )att% aci"s are re/+ire" )&r the
s%nthesis &)
A. estr&(en.
B. $ile aci"s.
C. '+rines.
D. 'r&sta(lan"ins.
ethan&l.
I50.Alth&+(h s&"i+ eth&,i"e is rea"il% availa$le, it
!as n&t +se" in the )irst ste' $eca+se
A. it is n&t as str&n( a $ase as eth&,i"e.
B. it !&+l" ca+se an +n"esire" transesteri)icati&n.
C. it !&+l" $e &re "i))ic+lt t& h%"r&l%4e a eth%l
ester than an eth%l ester.
3
CH
3
C*
2
D. a hin"ere" $ase is nee"e" t& 'r&tect the car$&n%l (r&+'.
I5I.The sec&n" ste' is a t%'e &) reacti&n -n&!n as
A. S l.
B. S 2.
C. electr&'hilic a""iti&n.
D. )ree ra"ical s+$stit+ti&n.
I52.The thir" ste' inv&lves
* . 'r&t&nati&n &) = in the CK= &) the ester
(r&+'
I5>.<l&er+lar )iltrati&n rate !&+l" $e increase" $%
A. a "ecrease in 'lasa &nc&tic 'ress+re.
B. a narr&!in( in the renal arter%.
C. "isease res+ltin( in )e!er )+ncti&nin( (l&er+li.
D. an increase in 'lasa 'r&teins.
I5B.#enin
A. ca+ses l&ss &) s&"i+ an" !ater )r& 'lasa.
B. is secrete" $% the cells &) the 'r&,ial t+$+le.
**. S 2 s+$stit+ti&n &) =C H $% =H C. c&nverts an(i&tensin&(en t& an(i&tensin *.
N 2 A
***. heat-in"+ce" "ecar$&,%lati&n
A. * an" **
B. * an" ***
C. ** an" ***
D. *, **, an" ***
I53..hat t%'e &) reacti&n "&es n&t &cc+r in the se/+enceH
A. H%"r&l%sis
B. Aci"-$ase
C. #e"+cti&n
D. Decar$&,%lati&n
Passa(e :
D. c&nverts an(i&tensin * t& an(i&tensin **.
I5@..hich &) the )&ll&!in( is the least i'&rtant in
c&ntr&llin( the s%nthesis an" secreti&n &) al"&ster&neH
A. ACTH.
B. An(i&tensin **.
C. Plasa s&"i+ c&ncentrati&n.
D. Bl&&" 'ress+re.
I>0.The t+$+les Fainl% 'r&,ialG &) the ne'hr&n secrete
a&nia int& l+en t& enhance the e,creti&n &)
h%"r&(en i&ns. A&nia is an e))ective +rinar% $+))er
$eca+se
* . its 'r&"+cti&n can $e increase" i) necessar%
The -i"ne%s a"0+st l&ss &) !ater an" electr&l%tes )r& the **. it has a l&! 'K
$
F6.BG
$&"% t& -ee' $&"% )l+i"s c&nstant in a&+nt an"
c&'&siti&n. The% e,crete !astes an" )&rei(n s+$stances,
secrete the h&r&nes er%thr&'&ietin an" renin, an" activate
vitain D.
I56..hich &) the )&ll&!in( s+$stances are &stl%
rea$s&r$e" in the 'r&,ial c&nv&l+te" t+$+leH
* . !ater
**. (l+c&se
***. ain& aci"s
*:. +rea
A. * an" ** are c&rrect.
B. ** an" *** are c&rrect.
C. *, **, an" *** are c&rrect.
D. All are c&rrect.
I5A.Ma0&r "eterinants &) 'lasa &s&larit% incl+"e all
&) the )&ll&!in( e,ce't
A. s&"i+.
B. he&(l&$in.
C. al$+in.
D. chl&ri"e.
I55.The c&ns+'ti&n &) &,%(en $% the -i"ne%s
A. is (reatest in the e"+lla.
B. reains c&nstant as $l&&" )l&! increases.
C. is re(+late" $% anti"i+retic h&r&ne.
D. is 'r&'&rti&nal t& the level &) s&"i+ trans'&rt.
***. the !alls &) the t+$+les are i'erea$le t&
NH
+
A. * an" ** are c&rrect.
B. *, **, an" *** are c&rrect.
C. ** an" *** are c&rrect.
D. * an" *** are c&rrect.
Passa(e :
*n vari&+s scienti)ic '+rs+its, it is i'&rtant t& $e a$le t&
'+ri)% s+$stances s& that the% can $e $etter st+"ie" &r
$etter +se". C&&n eth&"s &) se'aratin( s+$stances
are e,tracti&n, recr%stali4ati&n, "istillati&n, an"
chr&at&(ra'h%.
N
N
6
A i,t+re c&ntains the three c&'&+n"s sh&!n in the
ta$le $el&!.
I>6.*n e,tracti&ns, the "istri$+ti&n c&nstant is the rati& &)
the c&ncentrati&ns &) a 'artic+lar s'ecies $et!een t!&
s&lvents at e/+ili$ri+. *) the "istri$+ti&n c&nstant )&r
an &r(anic aci" FHAG $et!een chl&r&)&r an" !ater
is l00, i.e. QHARCHCl * QHARH = K l00, an" the
C00 H
I
N0
2
NH
2
2
N0
2
0H
3

N0
2
S&l+$ilit%
F(NI00 lG
in H
2
0 in ether
0.3I 2A.0
0.II A.A
3.02 I05
"iss&ciati&n c&nstant &) the aci" in !ater is l0
-A
,
increasin( the 'H &) the a/+e&+s 'hase )r& 6 t& l0
!ill have !hat e))ect &n the /+antit% &) HA in the
chl&r&)&r 'haseH FAss+e HA "&es n&t "iss&ciate
&r "ieri4e in the chl&r&)&r 'hase.G
A. The /+antit% is re"+ce" t& less than hal) &) !hat it
!as.
B. The /+antit% is re"+ce" $+t reains &re than
hal) &) !hat it !as.
C. The /+antit% is increase" $+t is n&t &re than
"&+$le !hat it !as.
D. The /+antit% is &re than "&+$le !hat it !as.
I>A.C&r a s'ecies that is "istri$+te" $et!een an a/+e&+s
'hase an" an &r(anic e,tracti&n 'hase, the /+antit%
e,tracte" $% the &r(anic 'hase is
* . lar(er at hi(her te'erat+res i) the s&l+$ilit%
in $&th la%ers reains +nchan(e"
**. lar(er i) the t&tal v&l+e &) the &r(anic 'hase
is +se" in '&rti&ns rather than all at &nce
***. lar(er i) the s'ecies is !ea-l% $asic an" an
I>I.The i,t+re is "iss&lve" in a sall a&+nt &) ether.
T&
aci"ic a/+e&+s 'hase is +se"
this is a""e" an e/+al v&l+e &) 0.0l M HCl . A)ter
Fa/G
sha-in(, t!& la%ers are )&re"1 an a/+e&+s la%er an"
an ether la%er. The la%ers are then se'arate". .hich &)
the c&'&+n"s !ill $e )&+n" in the a/+e&+s la%erH
A. l &nl%
B. 2 &nl%
C. 3 &nl%
D. 2 an" 3
A. * is c&rrect.
B. ** is c&rrect.
C. *** is c&rrect.
D. ** an" *** are c&rrect.
I>5.A i,t+re &) t&l+ene Feth%l $en4eneG an" aniline
Fain& $en4eneG is s+$0ecte" t& li/+i" c&l+n
chr&at&(ra'h% !ith al+ina FAl = G as the s&li"
'hase. .hich is &st
2 3
li-el% t& &cc+rH
I>2.T& the ether la%er is a""e" an e/+al v&l+e &) 0.0l M
A. T&l+ene !ill $e el+te" )irst since it has a l&!er
Na=H
Fa/G
. A(ain, t!& la%ers are )&re". A)ter
$&ilin( '&int.
se'aratin( the, !hich &) the c&'&+n"s !ill $e
)&+n"
in the a/+e&+s la%erH
A. l &nl%
B. 3 &nl%
C. l an" 3
D. 2 an" 3
I>3.This a/+e&+s la%er is eva'&rate" t& "r%ness leavin( a
s&li" resi"+e &) ass 0.3l (. Ten illiliters &) a/+e&+s
aci" &) 'H 3 are a""e". A)ter stirrin(, the resi"+e is
saller. .hat is the i"entit% &) the resi"+eH
A. l &nl%
B. 2 &nl%
C. 3 &nl%
D. l an" 3
B. Se'arati&n !ill n&t &cc+r since the &lec+les are
a$&+t the sae si4e.
C. Aniline !ill $e el+te" )irst since it is &re '&lar
than t&l+ene.
D. T&l+ene !ill $e el+te" )irst since it is less '&lar
than aniline.
Passa(e :
The the&r% &) ev&l+ti&n aintains that all s'ecies cae
int& e,istence $% (ra"+al an" c&ntin+&+s chan(es )r&
earlier )&rs. Evi"ence &) the "escent &) se'arate s'ecies
)r& a c&&n ancest&r can $e )&+n" )r& vari&+s
s&+rces s+ch as c&'arin( anat&ical str+ct+res,
e,ainin( DNA, an" st+"%in( the )&ssil rec&r".
2
3
I>>.C+rrent h%'&theses c&ncernin( the Earth7s 'ri&r"ial
at&s'here in"icate that there !as little &r n& )ree
A. &,%(en.
B. h%"r&(en.
C. car$&n "i&,i"e.
D. nitr&(en.
I>B.The $est "e)initi&n &) an &r(anis7s )itness in the
ev&l+ti&nar% sense is its
A. 'r&$a$le (enetic c&ntri$+ti&n t& )+t+re (enerati&ns.
B. a$ilit% t& 'er)&r &'tiall% in its envir&nent.
C. chance &) s+rvivin( t& at+rit%.
D. re'r&"+ctive health.
I>@..hich &) the )&ll&!in( c&n"iti&ns !&+l" n&t $e
s+sce'ti$le t& nat+ral selecti&nH
A. A "&inant allele in the h&&4%(&+s c&n"iti&n
B. A "&inant allele in the heter&4%(&+s c&n"iti&n
C. A recessive allele in the h&&4%(&+s c&n"iti&n
D. A recessive allele in the heter&4%(&+s c&n"iti&n
IB0.Selecti&n acts +'&n
A. s'ecies.
B. '&'+lati&ns.
C. (enes.
D. in"ivi"+al 'hen&t%'es.
IBI.*) selecti&n acts t& re&ve &ne e,tree in a
"istri$+ti&n &) 'hen&t%'es, this is calle"
A. (enetic "ri)t.
B. nat+ral selecti&n.
C. $alancin( selecti&n.
D. "irecti&nal selecti&n.
IB2..hich &) the )&ll&!in( is n&t an ass+'ti&n )&r
Har"%- .ein$er( e/+ili$ri+H
A. 8ar(e '&'+lati&n
B. N& selecti&n
C. N&n-ran"& atin(
D. N& +tati&ns
IB3.#an"& )l+ct+ati&ns in (ene )re/+encies in sall
'&'+lati&ns is calle"
A. +ta(enic "ise/+ili$ri+.
B. (enetic "ri)t.
C. selecti&n.
D. heter&(enesis.
IB6..hich &) the )&ll&!in( is n&t a "istin(+ishin(
characteristic &) a s'eciesH
A. Sharin( &) a c&&n (ene '&&l
B. #e'r&"+ctive is&lati&n )r& all &ther (r&+'s
C. A$ilit% t& ate !ithin the (r&+'
D. A (eneticall% "istinct (r&+' &) nat+ral '&'+lati&ns
IBA..hich &) the )&ll&!in( is n&t a (eneral characteristic
&) ch&r"atesH
A. :erte$ral c&l+n
B. Phar%n(eal (ill slits
C. D&rsal h&ll&! nerve c&r"
D. N&t&ch&r"
IB5.All &) the )&ll&!in( are h&&l&(&+s str+ct+res e,ce't
A. the !in( &) a 'en(+in an" the )&rele( &) a t+rtle.
B. the !in( &) an insect an" the !in( &) a $at.
C. the ar &) a h+an an" the )&rele( &) a "&(.
D. The )&rele( &) a s/+irrel an" the )li''er &) a seal.
9+esti&ns I@2 t&I@5 are in"e'en"ent &) an% 'assa(e.
IB>.#e&val &) the a"renal (lan"s !&+l" $e e,'ecte" t&
have all &) the )&ll&!in( c&nse/+ences e,ce't
A. '&&r &$ili4ati&n an" +se &) a"i'&se tiss+e.
B. h%'er(l%ceia.
C. e,cessive l&ss &) s&"i+ in the +rine.
D. '&&r resistance t& in)ecti&n.
IBB.An in)rare" a$s&r'ti&n s'ectr+ is &$taine" )r& a
c&'&+n" -n&!n t& have a h%"r&,%l (r&+' an" a
car$&n%l (r&+'. A$s&r'ti&n "+e t& h%"r&,%l (r&+'
=-H $&n" stretchin( &cc+rs at 3,520 c
-l
. At !hat
!aven+$er !&+l" a$s&r'ti&n "+e t& CK= stretchin(
li-el% &cc+r atH
A. 3,520 c
-l
B. >,200 c
-l
C. l,>00 c
-l
D. @,A50 c
-l
IB@.H%'er(l%ceia can $e in"+ce" $% all &) the )&ll&!in(
e,ce't
A. th%r&,ine.
B. al"&ster&ne.
C. ACTH.
D. (l+ca(&n.
I@0.A h&s'ital has '&ssi$l% s!itche" the $a$ies &) C&+'les
; an" ?. Their $l&&" t%'es are as
)&ll&!s1 C&+'le ; - t%'e A an" t%'e A
C&+'le ? - t%'e AB an" t%'e
= Ba$% l - t%'e =
Ba$% 2 - t%'e
B.
.hich $a$% $el&n(s t& !hich c&+'leH
A. B&th $a$ies $el&n( t& C&+'le
?.
B. Ba$% l $el&n(s t& C&+'le ? an" Ba$% 2 $el&n(s
t&
C&+'le ;.
C. Ba$% l $el&n(s t& C&+'le ;, $+t Ba$% 2
c&+l" $el&n( t& either c&+'le.
D. Ba$% l $el&n(s t& C&+'le ; an" Ba$% 2 $el&n(s
t&
C&+'le ?.
I@I.Ch&lester&l is a 'rec+rs&r in the $i&s%nthesis &) all &)
the )&ll&!in( e,ce't
A. al"&ster&ne.
B. c&rtis&l.
C. en"&r'hins.
D. test&ster&ne.
A. C&'&+n" l
B. C&'&+n" 2
C. C&'&+n" 3
D. C&'&+n" 6
I@A..hat is the a0&r 'r&"+ct &) the )&ll&!in( reacti&nH
Passa(e :
Al-enes are characteri4e" $% CKC $&n"s. As s+ch, the%
are s+$0ect t& electr&'hilic a""iti&n reacti&ns. M&st
electr&'hilic a""iti&ns &$e% Mar-&vni-&v7s r+le2 h&!ever,
there are s&e e,ce'ti&ns. E,a'les &) al-enes are sh&!n
$el&!.
H
3
C
A.
H
3
C
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
HC
CH
2
CH
CH
3
Br
HBr,
ether
B.
H
3
C
CH
3
HC
CH
3
I 2 CH
3
Br
CH
3
H
3
C
0
CH
3
CH
3
H
H
3
C
H
3
C
CH
3
H
c.
H
3
C
CH
3
CH
3
CH
2
Br
CH
2
D.
H
3
C
H
3
C
CH
3
CH
H
3
C
3
CH
3
H
3
C
6
CH
3
I@5..hat is the a0&r 'r&"+ct &) the )&ll&!in( reacti&nH
C* H
FH
3
CG
2
N H
H
3
C
H
C*
2
,
H
2
0
I@2..hen HBr a""s t& c&'&+n" 2 a$&ve, the ain
'r&"+ct is
CH
3
A. B.
A.
CH
3
CH
3
B.
CH
3
CH
3
H
3
C H H
3
C H
Br H
CH
3
H
H Br
CH
3
H
C*
C*
H
CH
C*
0H
H
CH
c.
D. c.
CH
3
CH
3
D.
H C CH
3
H
3
C
H H
3
C H
Br Br
CH
3
H
H
3
C Br
H0
0H
H
CH
3
C*
0H
H
CH
I@3..hat is the &r"er &) reactivit% &) the c&'&+n"s
a$&ve
t& electr&'hilic a""iti&n &) HBrH
A. l M 2 M 3 M 6
B. 3 M l M 6 M 2
C. 6 M l M 2 M 3
D. 2 M 6 M l M 3
I@6..hich &) the c&'&+n"s is &st li-el% t& )&r an
a""iti&n 'r&"+ct !ith the (eneral str+ct+re sh&!n
$el&!H
Passa(e ;
Since )r&( e$r%&s are easil% availa$le an" eas% t& !&r-
!ith, the% are &)ten +se" in st+"ies &) anial "evel&'ent.
A)ter )ertili4ati&n &) a )r&( e((, the 4%(&te "ivi"es an%
ties )&rin( a $all &) cells calle" a &r+la. <ra"+all%,
this $ec&es h&ll&! an" the str+ct+re is calle" a $last+la.
D+rin( (astr+lati&n, an area &n the $last+la, calle" the
H
3
C
(r&+'
H
CH
3
Br
H
3 3
3
3
H
$last&'&re, inva(inates.
The cells &) the "&rsal li'
&) the $last&'&re i(rate
int& the $last&'&re
)&rin( a three- la%ere"
(as
tr+
la.
Th
e
three la%ers are the ect&"er, es&"er, an"
en"&"er. C&ll&!in( this is ne+r+lati&n. A thic- 'late &)
cells )&rs a ri"(e al&n( the ect&"er, !hich )&l"s &ver
itsel) )&rin( a $+rie" t+$e calle" the ne+ral
t+$e. The e$r%& at this sta(e is calle" a ne+r+la.
Event+all%, the en" &) the ne+ral t+$e )arthest a!a% )r&
the $last&'&re !ill )&r the $rain.
I@>..hen a )r&( (astr+la is c+t in hal), the si"e c&ntainin(
the $last&'&re "evel&'s int& a at+re )r&( !hile the
&ther si"e "ies. The &st 'la+si$le e,'lanati&n is that
A. cells lac-in( a "istinct &r'h&l&(% are +ni'&rtant
t& "evel&'ent.
B. the $last&'&re is necessar% t& in"+ce 'r&'er
"evel&'ent.
C. the si"e that "i" n&t c&ntain the $last&'&re )aile"
t& +n"er(& an% "eterinati&n.
D. the si"e that "i" n&t c&ntain the $last&'&re !ere
"estine" t& $ec&e the 'lacenta.
I@B..hen the "&rsal li' &) the $last&'&re is
icr&s+r(icall% trans'lante" int& the $last&c&ele &)
an&ther )r&( (astr+la, a siaese t!in ta"'&le F0&ine"
at the $ell%G s&eties res+lts. This is $eca+se
A. the trans'lante" "&rsal li' in"+ces a sec&n"
(astr+lati&n in a""iti&n t& the )irst &ne.
B. the trans'lante" "&rsal li' carries "i))erent (enetic
in)&rati&n.
C. the (astr+la is ver% sensitive t& "ist+r$ances2 even
a(itati&n !ith a )ine nee"le !&+l" 'r&"+ce the
sae res+lt.
D. the trans'lante" "&rsal li' ca+ses
"e"i))erentiati&n an" re"evel&'ent &) the cells
ar&+n" it.
202.*n the ne+r+la, ne+ral crest cells event+all% $ec&e
"etache". *n an e,'erient, these cells !ere in0ecte"
!ith a "%e an" their i(rati&ns !ere )&ll&!e". The
"%e !as later )&+n" in cartila(e, Sch!ann cells,
a"renal (lan"s, an" sens&r% ne+r&ns. This in"icates
that
A. ne+ral crest cells are insensitive t& in"+cti&n.
B. ne+ral crest cells are relativel% +n"eterine"
!hen the% leave the ne+ral t+$e.
C. these )&+r t%'es &) cells have the sae $asic
)+ncti&n.
D. these )&+r t%'es &) cells have the sae $asic
str+ct+re.
Passa(e ;
#eacti&ns in livin( s%stes have $asicall% the sae
echaniss as th&se carrie" &+t in la$&rat&ries. T& a-e
reacti&ns 'r&cee" &re ra'i"l%, en4%es ta-e the 'lace &)
heat an" in&r(anic catal%sts. Als&, these en4%es all&!
&nl% s'eci)ic reacti&ns t& &cc+r an" n&t n+er&+s &ther
'&ssi$le reacti&ns.
An i'&rtant eta$&lic 'ath!a% in the cata$&lis &)
'r&teins is the transainati&n &) ain& aci"s.
Tansainati&ns +se '%ri"&,al 'h&s'hate, a "erivative &)
vitain B , as c&)act&r. Part &) this 'ath!a% is sh&!n
$el&!.
P0
3
- -
0
I@@.#e)errin( t& the 'revi&+s /+esti&n, the h%'&thesis that
cells !ithin the $last&c&ele in"+ce the trans'lante"
"&rsal li' cells t& "e"i))erentiate is
CH
2
+
+
H N CH
NH
2
CH
A. s+''&rte" $% the "ata.
B. c&ntra"icte" $% the "ata.
C. neither s+''&rte" n&r c&ntra"icte" $% the "ata.
D. N&ne &) the a$&ve.
H
3
C
# C00-
0
0H
ste' I
200.*n the at+re )r&(, the $last&'&re !ill have (iven rise
t&
P0
3
- -
0
A. the an+s.
B. the $rain.
C. the &+th.
D. the liver.
H
H
3
C
+
CH
2
N
N
C00-
CH
20I.*) the es&"er &) a (astr+la !ere "isr+'te" in s&e
!a%, !hich &r(an !&+l" &st li-el% $e a))ecte" the
&stH A. The s'inal c&r".
B. The intestines.
C. The heart.
D. The s-in.
0H #
ste' 2
5
6l
P0
3
- -
0
205.Ste' 3 inv&lves
A. h%"r&l%sis.
B. &,i"ati&n.
C. "ecar$&,%lati&n.
H
N
H
3
C
CH
2
N
0H #
P0
3
- -
C00-
ste' 3
D. h%"rati&n.
20>.Ste' 6 inv&lves
A. c&n"ensati&n.
B. ta+t&eri4ati&n.
C. 'h&s'h&r%lati&n.
D. an al"&l reacti&n.
0
0
H CH
2
N
CH
20B.The &verall e))ect &) this 'ath!a% is that
A. An ain& aci" is &,i"i4e" t& an --et& aci".
B. An ain& aci" is re"+ce" t& an --et& aci".
H
3
C
0H
NH
2
#
ste' 6
C00-
C. An ain& aci" is &,i"i4e" t& an --et& aci".
D. An ain& aci" is re"+ce" t& an --et& aci".
20@.This 'ath!a% act+all% carries &n )&r an% &re ste's.
.hat is li-el% t& &cc+r )+rther al&n( the 'ath!a%H
P0
3
- -
0
0
CH
2
N
CH
A. P%ri"&,al 'h&s'hate is re(enerate"
B. =,i"ative 'h&s'h&r%lati&n
C. S+$strate-level 'h&s'h&r%lati&n
H
3
C
0H
NH
2
# C00-
D. <l%c&l%sis
9+esti&ns 2IA t& 2I@ are in"e'en"ent &) an% 'assa(e.
203..hich &) the )&ll&!in( is*are tr+eH
*. P%ri"&,al 'h&s'hate has an ar&atic rin(.
2I0..hich &) the )&ll&!in( &lec+les are "iastere&ersH
**. P%ri"&,al 'h&s'hate has a net '&sitive
char(e. ***. P%ri"&,al 'h&s'hate has an ester
lin-a(e.
A. =nl% *** is tr+e.
B. * an" ** are tr+e.
C. ** an" *** are
tr+e. D. * an" *** are
tr+e.
206.Ste' l inv&lves
A. c&n"ensati&n.
B. n+cle&'hilic a""iti&n )&ll&!e" $% eliinati&n &)
!ater.
C. "ecar$&,%lati&n.
I
C00H
H NH
2
H 0H
CH
3
3
C00H
H NH
2
H0 H
CH
3
2
H
2
N
H0
6
H
2
N
H
C00H
H
H
CH
3
C00H
H
0H
CH
3
D. an al"&l reacti&n.
20A.Ste' 2 inv&lves
A. h%"rati&n.
B. &,i"ati&n.
C. "ecar$&,%lati&n.
D. "e'r&t&nati&n &) an aci" )&ll&!e" $% $&n"
rearran(eents.
A. l an" 22 3 an" 6
B. l an" 32 l an" 62 2 an" 32 2 an" 6
C. l an" 62 2 an" 32
D. l an" 32 l an" 62 2 an" 6
2II.The "iaeter &) an er%thr&c%te F3icr&sc&'ist7s r+ler3G
is
A. > n
B. >0 n
C. >
D. >0
+
+
62
2I2.A !&an !h& is heter&4%(&+s )&r $r&!n e%es F$l+e
is recessiveG an" heter&4%(&+s )&r $r&!n hair F$l&n"
is recessiveG arries a an !h& has $l&n" hair an" is
heter&4%(&+s )&r $r&!n e%es. .hat is the 'r&$a$ilit%
the% !ill have a s&n !h& has $r&!n hair an" $r&!n
e%es, an" !h& is ca'a$le &) )atherin( chil"ren !ith
$l+e e%esH
A. l*6
B. l*2
C. l*B
D. l*l5
2I3.Ph%si&l&(icall%-active th%r&,ine e,ists in !hich &) the
)&ll&!in( )&rsH
A. B&+n" t& 'real$+in
B. B&+n" t& al$+in
C. B&+n" t& th%r&,ine-$in"in( (l&$+lin
D. En$&+n"
2I6..hat is the a0&r 'r&"+ct &) the )&ll&!in( reacti&nH
H
2
C
CH
C*
2
, E:
CH
3
C*
A. CH CH
3
C*
B.
C* CH
CH
3
c.
H
2
C
CC*
CH
3
D.
H
2
C
CH
CH
2
C*
ST0P. *C ?=E C*N*SH BEC=#E T*ME *S CA88ED,
CHECK ?=E# .=#K. ?=E MA? <= BACK T= AN?
9EEST*=N *N THE B*=8=<*CA8 SC*ENCES TEST
B==K8ET.
END 0C MCAT E;AM