Dusting Powders

1-Potato Starch
2-Wheat Starch
3-Maize Starch
4-Rice Starch
(Fine powders)
Starches Non- Starches
It is the principal reserve food material of plants,
stored in seeds, fruits , tubers and roots.
It is the first product of photosynthesis.
Uses (Importance) of starches:
4- Sterilizable maize starch is used as
lubricant for surgeons gloves.
1- Nutrient in infant food.
2- Diluents, filler or disintegrating agent in tablet
manufacture.
3- Antidote in the treatment of iodine
poisoning.
Starches
Chemical composition of starch:
Starch granules are polysaccharide in nature.
They are composed of two main components:
Amylose Amylopectin
Ratio 20% 80%
Linear chain Branched chain
Solubility
in Water
Water soluble Water insoluble
Reaction
to iodine
Blue colour Violet colour
Potato
Starch
Wheat
Starch
Maize
Starch
Rice
Starch
1-Origin
Polysaccharide granules obtained from
the stem
tubers of
Solanum
tuberosum
Family
Solanaceae
the endosperm of the grains of
Triticum
vulgare
Zea mays Oryza sativa
Family Gramineae
Potato
Starch
Wheat
Starch
Maize
Starch
Rice
Starch
2- Physical characters:
Fine Powder
White
Smooth
Starchy
Homogenous
Odourless
Smooth
or gritty
-Colour:
-Odour:
-Taste
-Touch:
-Homogenity:
-Condition
Potato
Starch
Wheat
Starch
Maize
Starch
Rice
Starch
3- Preliminary chemical tests:
a- Effect of
cold water:
b- Effect of
hot water:
Insoluble
Colloidal solution, on cooling forms a
gel
e- Effect of
iodine:
Bluish violet colour Colour disappears
cool
Colour reappears
c- Effect of
acids (HCl):
Turbid cloudy solution
d- Effect of
alkalies (KOH):
Turbid cloudy solution
Potato Starch Wheat
Starch
Maize
Starch
Rice
Starch
4- Microscopical Examination
1- Shape
-Oval
-Rounded
-Elliptical
-Triangular
-Pyramidal
-Oval
-Rounded
-Lenticular
from side
view
Polyhedral
with
rounded
angles
Polyhedral
with Sharp
angles
(S.V.)
Potato Starch Wheat
Starch
Maize
Starch
Rice
Starch
2- Size:
Large
Medium Small
Hilum
Present,
distinct,
eccentric,
pointed
Present,
faint,
centric ,
pointed
(linear in
side view)
Present,
distinct,
centric,
cleft or
fissured
Absent
except
in large
simple
granule
1.5-3 cm 1 cm 0.4 - 0.8 cm 0.2- 0.4 cm
3- Hilum:
Drawing scale
Potato Starch Wheat
Starch
Maize
Starch
Rice
Starch
4- cont.Microscopical Examination
4-Striations:
Present,
distinct
concentric
rings
Present,
faint
concentric
rings
Absent
Potato
Starch
Wheat
Starch
Maize
Starch
Rice
Starch
4- cont.Microscopical Examination
5- Aggregation: Simple,
compound (2,3)
semicompound
Mostly simple,
rarely compound
Mostly
compound
, rarely
simple
simple
compound
Semicompound
Potato
Starch
Wheat
Starch
Maize
Starch
Rice
Starch
5- Confirmatory chemical Test:
1- Molischs
Test:
(general test
for
carbohydrates)
Starch susp. + 2-3 dps alcoholic - naphthol+ 2-3 dps
concentrated H
2
SO
4
on the walls of test tube
Violet ring
2- Fehlings
Test:
(for reducing
sugars)
Starch suspension + Fehling solution
(blue color)
No change in color
Hydrolyzed starch + Fehling solution
(blue color)
red colour
3- Iodine test: As before
Potato ( Low power)
Potato (High Power)
Concentric striations
Eccentric hilum
Potato H.P. pyramidal
oval
triangular
pyramidal
elleptical
Potato H.P.
oval
Potato H.P., compound granule (3)
Potato H.P.,
compound granule
(2)
Potato H.P.
semicompound granule
Potato H.P., Stained with dil. iodine
Wheat (Low power)
Wheat H.P.
Wheat H.P., side view
Linear hilum
Wheat H.P.
Wheat H.P., Stained with dil. iodine
Maize (Low power)
Maize H.P.
Fissured hilum
Cleft hilum
Maize H.P., Stained with dil. iodine
Rice (Low power)
Rice H.P.
Rice stained with dil. Iodine
H.P.
Rice H.P. Maize H.P.