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TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCT LIFECYCLE
APRIL 2014 | 6 | 7 | $10 | DEVELOP3D.COM
INNOVATION IN THE SKY SPECIAL REPORT: CAM & CNC PAPER 3D PRINTING
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LIvE 2014
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15 aPRIL
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DEVELOP3D.COM APRIL 2014 3
F
or the past month or so Ive been immersing myself in
background reading, interviews and chats with folks that are
looking to bring CNC machining in house. Its been fascinating,
not least of all because its become apparent that theres a
rebirth of interest in cutting wood, foam, plastics and metal
directly. Of course, this reinvigorated interest in all things CNC
also means a rebirth of interest in CAM. Hence our CAM and CNC
supplement this month.
While the industry veteran may consider this a little behind
the times, there is a new breed of designer, engineer and manufacturer that is
evaluating how best to bring these types of facilities and capabilities back into
their workow. Weve even been talking to someone whos looking to build their
own CNC machine (Hello, Lloyd!).
Of course, were also on the eve of DEVELOP3D LIVE (develop3dlive.com). The team
has been hard at work these past few months nding interesting and engaging
speakers for the conference streams. Weve also been working out how to bring
you the best of the technology thats out there for product development and
manufacturing. So, this year weve expanded the show oor to bring you more.
So, make sure youve registered and have Tuesday April 15 marked down in your
diary because, believe me, this is one you wont want to miss. Weve got everything
from getting a free face scan at the event to listening to this months cover star,
Daniel Simon, talking about how his career has moved from vehicle concept design
to the Hollywood workshop of dreams.
See you there!
WELCOME
EDITORIAL
Editor-in-Chief
Al Dean
al@x3dmedia.com
+44 (0)7525 701 541
Managing Editor
Greg Corke
greg@x3dmedia.com
+44 (0)20 3355 7312
Consulting Editor
Martyn Day
martyn@x3dmedia.com
+44 (0)7525 701 542
Digital Media Editor
Stephen Holmes
stephen@x3dmedia.com
+44 (0)20 3384 5297
Special Projects Editor
Tanya Weaver
tanya@x3dmedia.com
+44 (0)20 3384 5296
DESIGN/PRODUCTION
Art Director
Rob Biddulph
Design/Production
Greg Corke
greg@x3dmedia.com
+44 (0)20 3355 7312
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Advertising Director
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ACCOUNTS
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ABOUT
DEVELOP3D is published by
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Opinions expressed in articles are those
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Join our online community
Al Dean
Editor-in-Chief, DEVELOP3D Magazine, @alistardean
15 APRIL 2014
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DEVELOP3D.COM MARCH 2014 3D29
3D PRINTING FOR THE PROFESSIONAL
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DEVELOP3D.COM APRIL 2014 15
Your DEVELOP3D
3D PRINTING FOR THE
PROFESSIONAL SUPPLEMENT
MARCH 2014
Al, congratulations on the best, and most
detailed discussion of 3D Printing that
I've seen. Too many journals, including
professional ones, seem to simply believe
the hype.
An exceptional issue. You couldn't
spare the time to do an equally excellent
discussion of the Hype vs Reality of the
Scottish Independence Issue could you, as
all us electorate are getting at the moment
is hype and emotion, with the facts hidden.
I live in hope.
Chris Gay, Fife, Scotland
TANYA WEAVER COMMENT
ON INVENTION
MARCH 2014
Your views on 3D printing for the professional, inventors and an ode to engineering
First of all, Tesla was a much greater than
Edison and I'm disappointed he didn't make
your list.
Secondly, many great inventors of the
past either went crazy or broke. That's not
a life choice many people would deem as
successful by today's standards.
Scott W
ON TWITTER
Impressed with new issue of @develop3d
shame it can't be distributed everywhere
so everyone can understand what 3d
printing is & its limits.
@eastdesign
You can get it everywhere simply register
for free and download here: develop3d.
com/downloads/
Just read @develop3d 3D Printing issue,
great info and articles #TopStuff
@LidSec
Finally blocked out an hour to read @
develop3d 's #3dprinting edition! Lots of
good stuff, but just love 1st entry in the
jargon buster ;-))
@RPES12
@develop3d I nally got a chance to sit and
read my copy. A thoroughly researched and
unbiased view of all things #3Dprinting.
Nice!
@MarkDurbin104
Oh and I forgot to say, @develop3d also
has a denition of "BRE" in #3DPrint
jargon :) @Bre
@MarkDurbin104
@develop3d's latest issue is packed with
great #3DPrinting content. I can't wait to
dive in!
@dsp39
BY POST
ODD ODE TO ENGINEERING
My mum says an architect
has drawn the plans for the extension.
I wonder who then makes the plans
for the trains and other inventions?
Who makes the electricity
for the lights to shine?
And for the kettle to work?
It comes to my mind
And who designed that lamp
and the box it came in?
Who made our car
and who thought of this zip?
Is there an invisible job
nobody can see?
My mum answers to me,
smiling, with a cheeky grin:
The people who think
of all these things,
they are called Engineers,
Engineers like me
Amaya Munoz, a design engineer and
mum of two
To read the rest of this ode visit our blog at
develop3d.com
Amaya Munoz requested at the end of her
ode that the engineer reading her ode
donate old copies of DEVELOP3D to local
schools so pupils can read interesting
stories about engineering
FEEDBACK
Got an opinion on
anything that has
(or has not) appeared
in the magazine or
online? Let us know
what you think
Greg Corke
greg@x3dmedia.com
Facebook
/develop3d
Twitter
@develop3d
Web
develop3d.com
Linked In
DEVELOP3D group
Letters may be edited
15 APRIL 2014
CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION
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F O R A 3 D W O R L D
18 APRIL 2014 DEVELOP3D.COM
VISUAL DESIGN GUIDE
5TH GEN MAKERBOT
REPLICATOR
LCD SCREEN
The frst few generations of Replicators
had LED matrix displays which gave very
little in the way of input and control on the
device. The new LCD screen and associated
controls give the user greater control and
assistance with both maintenance and
print job set-up directly on the device
without squinting at a low res display
removable
bUIlD PlaTForm
MakerBot users are used to hacking their
build platform whether its trying different
industrial tapes to get better adhesion or
new materials (glass is common). The new
platforms in the Replicator are removable
but look a little more proprietary than usual,
making these hacks more diffcult
NeW eXTrUDer
Its not just a glue gun tip on a CNC
machine anymore. MakerBots new
extruder is easy to swap and replace.
Itll give you feedback about the state of
your build and when flament runs out
itll pause the print, so you dont waste
time. Itll also communicate with the
connected apps on your desktop and
your smartphone
assIsTeD
levellINg
Levelling the platform is the bane of
anyone that runs an FDM machine at the
entry-level of the market. While its not
automated (as is found in newer products
from other vendors) theres greater
feedback and more precision
16 APRIL 2014 DEVELOP3D.COM
al Dean dissects this desktop 3D printer
BACK TO BASICS:
3D COMPONENT
TECHNOLOGIES
11% bIgger
bUIlD sIZe
The build platform is a respectable
252 x 199 x 150mm, which can build
at 100 micron (thats 0.01mm) layers
to give high res prints. The machine
is also PLA plastic only many in
the professional space might wait it
out till a dual extruder/ABS variant
becomes available
ON BOARD
CAMERA
A built-in camera gives you
constant feed of images showing
your build in progress. Or, rather,
lets you spot when things have
gone awry. With the MakerBot
app this will also include real-time
monitoring via a smartphone
PrICe
$2,899 (inc VAT) for
delivery from the US or
via a more local reseller,
of which there are many
This is to do with the Whitworth thread
prole coming back into vogue, isnt it?
Not that sort of component. Its all about
the tools that CAD vendors use to build
their oerings to the market.
You mean, like C++ or whatever?
Not exactly. Most software in the design and
manufacturing space relies on component
technologies. This means that they license
in technology from other providers to
save them having to expend the eort to
develop it themselves, to bring in specialist
knowledge and to gain an edge over their
competitors.
Oh. Im with you. So its not something
that I would license and use per se, rather
something thats inside the tools I use?
Bang on.
So why do I care?
Thats a very good point. For the most part,
most users dont care and shouldnt need
to. The average CAD user doesnt really care
what modelling engine their CAD system
uses, what graphics or translation libraries
are used. But this is a very good reason why
its worth keeping an eye on.
Go on then, whats that reason then, clever
clogs?
If a company announces the introduction
of a whole slew of new technology, its
worth nding out what that tech is based
on. If they developed it in-house, then itll
probably remain either unique to that tool
or itll take competitors a while to catch up.
If its licensed from a third party, it could
end up in your tool at some point.
Perfect example is Polygonica. This is
the basis of SpaceClaims new 3D print
prep module. It brings a set of tools
that arent available in most mainstream
design systems for handling mesh data.
If thats useful to your workow, it makes
SpaceClaim interesting. But if you know
that its licensed, theres a chance those
same handy tools will end up in your
toolset at some point too so you dont
need to worry about it quite so much
CONNECTED DEVICE
Previous generations required an SD Card to load
the build fles. That changes with the Replicator
5th Gen. Now, youve got serious options. USB
stick, USB cable or ethernet are order of the day.
Wi-f printing will come with a software update in
the near future
FIlameNT baY
No longer do you have the flament
spool sticking out the top of the
device. Now its top loaded and
concealed directly in the unit. This
will mean that the non-branded
flament stock will need to be
respooled to the appropriate spool
PRODUCTDESIGNSHOWCASEPLANES
The windowless passenger
cabin will be covered
with thin display screens
embedded into the wall
This month Tanya Weaver takes a look
at some of the latest innovations that are
currently or will soon be taking fight
DEVELOP3D MONTH 200X 19
PROFILE
PRODUCTDESIGNSHOWCASEPLANES
SUPER
SPEEDY
F
or those who lament the loss of the
Concorde from our skies, fear not as there
is a new supersonic jet in the making.
The brainchild of Vik Kachoria, an MIT
graduate, serial entrepreneur and passionate
aviator, the S-512 will transport 12-18
passengers at a crusing speed of Mach1.6
(thats 1,100 mph) enabling them to reach
their destinations in literally half the time. So,
New York to London in three hours and LA to
Tokyo in just eight hours.
So far Spike Aerospace, the aerospace and
engineering rm Kachoria has released
renderings and a few tidbits of information but
is keeping the exact specications, development
and resources very close to its chest.
One piece of info, however, is the inclusion
of a windowless passenger cabin. Instead of
windows the interior walls will be covered with
thin display screens embedded into the wall.
There are several reasons for removing
the windows from the cabin, says Kachoria.
It has long been known that the windows
cause signicant challenges in designing
and constructing an aircraft fuselage. They
require additional structural support, add to
the parts count and add weight to the aircraft.
But until recently, it has not been possible to
do without them.
With the micro-cameras and at displays
now available, Spike Aerospace can eliminate
the structural issues with windows and
reduce the aircraft weight. In addition, the
very smooth exterior skin will reduce the
drag normally caused by having windows.
But passengers could still see whats
happening on the outside via cameras
surrounding the jet that will display the views
on the screen. Alternatively, they could dim
the screen, watch a lm or view a PowerPoint.
Spike Aerospace is currently building up its
engineering team but dont get too excited
just yet as delivery is still 5 to 7 years away.
spikeaerospace.com
20 MONTH 200X DEVELOP3D
The e-Gos very lightweight but
strong construction is achieved
using ultra-thin carbon fbre and
foam. The empty aircraft weighs
115kg, 23kg of which is an adapted
Wankel engine from Rotron
ONE OF
A KIND
S
even years ago aeronautical
engineer Giotto Castelli
entered his concept for a light
aircraft into a national aviation
competition. Having won he
co-founded e-Go Aeroplanes
in Cambridge with the aim of
bringing his design to life.
The e-Go, which undertook its
rst test ight in October 2013,
has remained true to the initial
vision of creating a design-led light
single seater aircraft that is fun to
y with low running costs.
I believe the canard design
(small front wing) can oer
great manoeuvrability and
ecient aerodynamics, explains
Castelli. The e-Go adds to that
an impressive eld of view and
a very compact airframe with
simple lines which the air likes as
much as the eye does. This also
allows the weight to be kept to an
absolute minimum.
The 50,000 planes go into
production soon and will be
delivered to customers by 2015.
e-goaeroplanes.com
The 2Seas UAV aircraft weighs
just 20kg and features 3D
printed parts central wing
box, fuel tank and engine
mountings with the wings and
tail made from carbon fbre
EYE IN
THE SKY
E
ngineers at the University
of Southamptons DECODE
group (an EPSRC-funded
project looking at Design
Environments for Complex
Designs) have been using
leading edge manufacturing
techniques, including 3D printing,
for a number of years in the
development of UAVs.
The latest UAV (unmanned
autonomous vehicle) project the
group has been working on is the
EU-funded 2Seas aircraft. The
aim is for this 20kg craft with its
four metre wingspan to carry out
surveillance of two seas the
English Channel and the North
Sea for risks to shipping, illegal
operations, search and rescue etc.
The heart of the craft is a huge
integral fuel tank. This is a very
busy multi-functional part that
was designed in SolidWorks and
could only have been made using
3D printing techniques, says
Professor Jim Scanlan, DECODEs
principal investigator.
southampton.ac.uk/~decode
IDEAS SHOULD RACE FROM
DESIGN TO TESTING.
NOT FROM ONE MACHINE TO ANOTHER.
Lenovo
recommends Windows
7 Professional.
for any editorial, photographic or typographic errors. All images are for illustration purposes only. For full Lenovo product, service and warranty specications visit www.lenovo. com The
following are trademarks or registered trademarks of Lenovo: Lenovo, the Lenovo logo, For Those Who Do and ThinkStation. Intel, the Intel logo, Intel Core, Core Inside, Xeon and Xeon Inside
are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. Other company, product, and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. 2012 Lenovo.
WWW.LENOVO.COM/THINKSTATION
Meet the all-powerful Lenovo ThinkStation. Unlike other
workstations, these machines are built to handle everything
from design to simulation - meaning you can get your
concepts up and running on a single machine.
www.thinklogic.co.uk/workstations
0845 4751155
Lenovo ThinkStation E32
Intel Xeon processor E3-1200v3 Product Family
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Prices from 720 Excl VAT
020 3178 6467
www.bios-it.co.uk
22 APRIL 2014 DEVELOP3D.COM
OUT
THIS
WORLD
DEVELOP3D.COM APRIL 2014 23
The Light Cycle,
one of the vehicles
Daniel Simon
designed for the
Tron: Legacy flm
THIS
OF
WORLD
Tanya Weaver chats to DEVELOP3D Lives keynote speaker
Daniel Simon about how he goes about creating and visualising
vehicles for worlds past, present, future and imagined
24 APRIL 2014 DEVELOP3D.COM
s far as job titles go, Daniel Simon has
to have one of the coolest: Hollywood
concept designer and automotive
futurist. His vehicle designs have
featured in lms such as Tron: Legacy,
Captain America: The First Avenger,
Prometheus and Oblivion. But is
working in Hollywood as glamorous as its cracked up to be?
Its not glamorous at all, laughs Simon, who despite
being a native German has a denite American twang
having lived in Los Angeles for the past six years.
Its way less glamorous than car design where many wear
suits and nice shoes and work in studios that could grace the
pages of architecture magazines. Hollywood doesnt even
have design studios you often get thrown into cheap rented
spaces and you have to bring your own equipment. Also,
unlike the car design industry, there is no set workow.
Basically, its a very high prole chaos.
But how did he land in Hollywood and get bestowed the
title of one of the most in demand concept designers in the
world today?
Well, it all started at the age of three and his obsession with
drawing. This hobby continued until he was 15 when he
came across the work of a car designer in a magazine, which
triggered the realisation that he could make a living from
drawing cars.
He went on to study transportation design at the
University of Applied Science in Pforzheim, Germany
before landing a job as a concept designer at the Volkswagen
Group.
Although his day job entailed drawing conventional cars
for this world, in his spare time his imagination began to
travel to other galaxies. The inspiration came from watching
Star Wars for the rst time as an adult and being captivated
by the spaceships. He soon started sketching his own
spaceships and fantastical vehicles.
I think designers in general never really grow up. I dont
think I ever really grew up in a sense that I dont accept the
world the way it is. For instance, if you see an incredible
building or a bridge you know that someone thought of it
but someone else could have thought of it dierently.
So, I dont really accept things as they are because I know
they could have easily been dierent and with that approach
everything becomes transparent, like in the Matrix lm. A
paradigm shift where you start seeing the world dierently.
BOOK DEAL
After a few years Simon had quite a collection of vehicles
and decided to build a website, before many other artists, to
simply have his drawings accessible when visiting family
and friends. To his surprise, he attracted quite a following,
including a publisher in California who suggested he
PROFILE
1 Daniel Simon
discussing his vehicle
designs for the flm
Captain America: The
First Avenger with
production designer
Rick Heinrichs and
director Joe Johnston
1
DEVELOP3D.COM APRIL 2014 25
PROFILE
DEVELOP3D.COM APRIL 2014 27
60 SECOND
INTERVIEW:
MARK SHAYLER
In honour of DEVELOP3D LIVE on 15 April weve brought the 60 second
interview out from its regular slot on the letters page and posed the questions
(and a few more) to one of this years speakers Mark Shayler, eco-designer
and founder of environmental consultancy Tickety Boo
Why did you become a designer?
I didnt have any choice. I wanted to
change things and therefore had to
become a designer.
I graduated in environmental
science but soon realised that the
thing that interested me was the way
people use products and services,
the way they behave, and the way
that society has become obsessed
with owning things at the detriment
to doing things. So, I learnt about
design.
Which designer or company do you
most admire and why?
I genuinely dont have heroes. Well,
apart from Daley Thompson. I admire
many companies for many different
reasons: Lamy for the design of the
Safari pen; Black and White (makers
of a hair pomade) for the fragrance
they add to their product; Dr Martens
for being my friend since I was six;
Braun for having the confdence to
launch subtle and beautifully design
products; Hiut Denim for making the
best jeans in the world (the SlimR)
and aiming to get a town making
jeans again; Vivienne Westwood for
ruffing feathers and setting tartan
free; Opinel for making a knife that
feels as good in the pocket as it does
in the hand; Apple for their OS and
iOS design (not the products), and
Pilot for the fneliner pen.
What product couldnt you live
without?
There is no product that I couldnt
live without. Need and want are very
different things and if we have food,
shelter, warmth and love then thats
enough surely? That said I would be
lost without a bike and good knife
no particular brand.
What design would you have loved
to have designed and why?
Id love to have designed the safety
bike (the frst real bicycle). It stopped
interbreeding, allowed people to
travel further than 20 miles in a day,
and still flls me with delight aged 45.
Play-Doh, Meccano or Lego?
Im a child of the 70s so all three. In
the days before four TV channels let
alone the internet, making things
and imagining was all we could do
with our time. Boredom is a good
motivator to get off your arse and
do something. If youve got Lego (or
Meccano or Play-Doh) then youve got
every toy in the world.
What are your weapons of choice?
My eyes, a pilot fneliner, Keynote, a
laptop, and my brain. But you never
do your best work at your desk so Id
also say my feet.
What is missing from your toolset?
Too many to mention. Always be
learning.
Is there anything that would make
your design and development
process run smoother?
Yes, having a process would help. I
tried to map my process in my book
Do Disrupt: Change the Status Quo
or Become it and in so doing realised
that I help other people apply the
process but often forget to apply it in
my own work.
Whats the most annoying thing
youve discovered about a product
youve dissected?
Most products I take apart have been
designed by an accountant rather
than a designer. Cost and value have
been confused. We know the price of
everything and the value of nothing
and accountants rule the world. Its
bloody depressing. I see the inside
of things. I see the end of things.
I see products that are less than a
year old failing. How must that make
designers feel?
How did you fnd sustainability as
a passion?
It found me. As soon as I understood
that the word eco is shared with
economy and that it comes from the
Greek Oikos for home I realised that
its not about the environment, rather
that we are the environment. This
isnt about being a hippy, its about
being happy without being selfsh.
What would you say is the biggest
challenge facing designers?
Where to begin? There are so many
problems and challenges, which all
bring their own opportunities too.
The predicted move of three
billion people from working to
middle-class by 2030 will create
signifcant resource, economic and
environmental challenges. The
bourgeoisifcation of society will
mean that we need to do more with
less, will need to design products
better so that they use less resources,
last longer and are driven by different
ways of making money.
The future is in the East. China and
Africa wont just make things they will
design them too and so there is an
impending crisis in the design world
as the centre of gravity of design
innovation moves East.
Then we have the shift from product
to service. This is a good challenge;
we need to redesign user experiences.
It will be less about products and
more about the way we use them.
Less about ownership and more about
membership. Less about thoughtless
consumption and more about
thoughtful consumption. This requires
a different set of design skills that we
need to develop super-quickly.
Can you predict any future trends?
We will see a return of manufacturing
to Europe and the US but it will take
the near economic collapse of the
consumer society frst. We own twice
as much stuff as we did in the 70s but
are no happier. This is scary stuff.
We will also see a return of practical
skills, of apprenticeships, of making.
This will be a beautiful blend of the
traditional and the modern.
If you were hosting a dinner party
who would you invite and why?
My old mate Steve Manifold who is
one of the funniest people Ive ever
met. Banksy so he could doodle on
some napkins. James Victore because
he is a great and inspirational guy.
Elvis circa 1960 so I could introduce
him to the paleo diet. Daley
Thompson no explanation required.
Jesse Owens because he humiliated
Hitler at the 1936 Olympic Games.
Nelson Mandela because he didnt just
show racism was wrong, he showed it
was irrelevant. Dick Fosbury because
he created a new way to jump. My
wife Nicola who makes my heart
beat faster with just a look. David
Attenborough because he knows
things. My nan because shes 90 and
doesnt get out very often.
Do you want gravy with your
burger?
After a visit to Speedys cafe in
Euston with Al Dean I dont ever want
gravy with my burger again. When
I see burger on the menu I expect a
bun. That was a funny lunch. Funny
because the food was odd and funny
because we didnt stop laughing
from when we met to when we said
goodbye. But we should have gone to
Diwana on Drummond Street.
Lets talk about the shoe problem
Life is too short for boring shoes. I
stand on the platform at Tamworth
train station and see a sea of boring
shoes. I look down at my own and
see leopard skin creepers or gold
pumas or pastel blue kickers or
handmade Northampton brogues or
white docs and I know itll be a great
day. My friend Steve Edge says dress
every day for a party and the party
comes to you. Hes right. Wear great
shoes, be nice to people, work hard,
remember to play, live well, ride your
bike, do yoga, talk to people and life
will be sweet.
In his DEVELOP3D LIVE presentation
Design is a super-power Mark
Shayler will be discussing how we need
to be concerned with answering the
right brief, with doing better things
rather than doing bad things better.
Mark Shayler hasnt
decided what he
wants to do when
he grows up but he
has been working
on developing
better products and
improving business
since 1989. He also
thinks life is too short
for boring shoes
CHALLENGE ACCEPTED
All of this was literally doodled and discussed one weekend
during Christmas 2002 when Fintan was home for the
holidays. Although, thousands of miles apart when he ew
back to Philadelphia, they were still very much working on
their technical challenge.
I had a young child at the time and Id come back from
my regular job, put my child to bed and then start working.
Fintan was ve hours behind me and we would literally just
work into the early hours, remembers Conor.
We used three to four dierent packages one to do voice
(this was pre-Skype of course), one to share a desktop and
another to share a screen. So we could sketch on the screen
and talk ideas through.
Whilst Conor was working away on the mechanical design
M
any a successful company has sprung
from an idea doodled on a napkin or piece
of paper. Compaq Computer Corporation
(Hewlett-Packard), Apple and Ford, for
instance. Now Mcor Technologies can be
added to that list as twelve years ago a doodle by two Irish
brothers led to the creation of a paper-based 3D printer.
To be honest, Fintan and myself are rst class geeks,
laughs Dr. Conor MacCormack, the younger of the two.
We used to, over the summers when we were younger
and then in our spare time when we got older, keep
notebooks and do brainstorming sessions together. Wed
pick a problem and then wed challenge ourselves to come
up with a solution to x it.
Twelve years ago Fintan MacCormack was living in
Philadelphia. A qualied aircraft mechanic he had moved
there to study electrical engineering at Temple University.
Having remained after his studies he was working at
Kulicke and Soa Industries, a wire bonding specialist in
the semi-conductor industry.
Whereas Conor MacCormack had remained in Dublin
where he gained a PhD in mechanical engineering from
Trinity College. He was working at Airbus at the time on an
A380 development programme.
OUT OF REACH
Conor had come across 3D printing technology rst at
college and then at Airbus but realised that it was out
of reach for many, not only because the machines were
extortionately priced, but the running costs were through
the roof. So, the challenge the brothers set themselves was
to come up with an accessible and aordable 3D printer.
We asked ourselves what if we could build a machine
where the running costs were zero? And that became the
goal, says Conor.
To add to this technical challenge, they threw eco-
friendliness into the mix too. What we really wanted to
do was upset the status quo by inventing a machine that
everybody wanted to use, he chuckles.
While most 3D printing technologies build models
from expensive plastic or chemically infused powder, the
brothers wanted to use ubiquitous A4 and letter oce
paper as the build material. For us it was very important
for people to lean over, pull a couple of reams of paper out of
the photocopier or printer and stick it into a 3D printer.
Also, my gut feeling of the industry at that time was
that the majority of people were using 3D printing for
prototyping. So early stage design review, form and t, etc.
If that is the case, material wasnt really important.
BROTHER TO
BROTHER
Mcor Technologies invented
the worlds only current paper-
based 3D printer. Tanya Weaver
reports on how the companys
co-founders, two Irish brothers,
went about it
DEVELOP3D.COM APRIL 2014 29
PROFILE
The two brothers
behind Mcor
Technologies Fintan
(left) and Dr. Conor
MacCormack (right)
YEAR ON YEAR
Christmas 2003 and Fintan was back in Ireland where the
two set about debugging the machine before he ew back
to Philadelphia to continue their long distance (inventing)
relationship.
By Christmas 2004 they had a machine that could print
but it was half manual and half automatic with some
components having to be moved by hand. It was a real
Frankenstein of a machine, smiles Conor.
Essentially what they had invented was selective
deposition lamination (SDL). The SliceIT software would
read the digital data, or STL, from the users PC and slice
the computer model into printable layers equivalent in
thickness to the paper. Meanwhile, a page is placed inside
the machines build chamber, which acts as a base layer.
side, Fintan was occupied with the electrical and software
side of their invention. We got a board here and chips there
to allow Fintan to solder and make the electronics in his
apartment. We then shipped this o to Dublin and I did all
the mechanical stu, explains Conor.
I got the rst prototype machine built in that rst year.
When people talk about in-house machines, it was in the
front room of my house so quite literally in-house.
As Conor puts it, they really dragged this machine into
existence on their own as they went about solving all the
various technical challenges. There was no open source
community like you have today, we basically had to build
everything in the machine from scratch, which was hard at
the start but its great now as we have this fully integrated
solution that isnt dependent on other technologies, he says.
2 Mcors paper-
based 3D printer can
be used for a wide
variety of 3D printing
and rapid prototyping
aplications including
the printing of
durable, full colour
head models
DEVELOP3D.COM APRIL 2014 31
Ill never
forget the
three of us
in the oce
hearing the
bing bing
bing bing
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they were
landing in
our inbox.
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website in
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W
eve all heard how CNC
manufacturing was
abandoned in the late
1980s and 1990s for
cheaper, outsourced
and oshored services.
But the truth is some of it never went
away. And now, for those engaged in the
business end of the process, that of actually
designing, developing and producing these
products, there are multiple reasons that
CNC manufacturing is becoming more
attractive than ever.
From idea to prototype to renement to
production we look at some of the dierent
areas driving this trend and consider how
rms can embrace the challenges of the
changing manufacturing landscape.
AS AN EDUCATIONAL TOOL
Manufacturing technologies
have now reached a point of
aordability, both in terms
of capital cost and the time
required to learn their foibles.
Im not just talking about
3D printers here though:
laser cutters, CNC routers,
CNC mills and lathes have all
massively come down in price.
The knock on eect is young people
now have access to a much wider range
of manufacturing technologies than ever
before in schools, university, techshops,
hackerspaces, even at home. They can
experiment and learn and develop a much
greater understanding of production and
manufacturing with numerically controlled
methods than ever before.
We are already seeing the fruits of this
shift with new design and manufacturing
endeavours popping up all over the place.
The routes may be less traditional gaining
funding for an idea and taking it into
production but there are many solid
foundations for building successful businesses.
IN PROTOTYPING
While many rms continue to outsource
prototype components, some of the most
innovative organisations have brought
prototyping in house. And theres a number
of tools in use, from 3D printers to CNC
mills and lathes and laser cutters.
But why such a mix? While a 3D print
might give you shape or form or basic
functionality, you simply cant beat the use
of production intent materials to build, test,
rene and develop your products in that
formative stage. With CNC, parts are more
resilient and there can even be support for
early stage production.
Every time I visit a company that has
facilities in house, the message is consistent.
There are huge benets in time and cost. If a
design or engineering team can quickly turn
around prototypes, test, evaluate and rene
those early stage concepts, they can ne-tune
the product more readily.
And, taking a long term view, if this
can be done without sending out for
manufacturing, it will be cheaper as well.
If that cost is reduced, more prototypes and
ideas can be explored and everything feeds
into the process in a highly benecial way.
IN PRODUCTION
CNCs greatest impact comes in the
manufacturing and production process
and its in this area where theres some
incredible movement in terms of bringing
manufacturing back in house.
A recent report, entitled Backing Britain, by
the EEF (eef.org.uk) surveyed companies that
are reshoring manufacturing from overseas
to discover whats driving that shift.
As you can see from the chart over the
page, the key reasons are split between those
associated with delivery (both in terms of
logistics costs and time) and cost of those
overseas activities (the reports respondents
work in China and Eastern Europe, with India
being in third place). But the overriding factor
is quality especially in the SME sector.
While machining only covers a portion
of the production process, it can have a
dramatic eect on the quality of a product.
Whether thats relating to the absolute
quality that can be measured (in terms
of tolerances in individual
components or t between
assembled components) or
perceived quality (in terms of
how a product appears).
Interestingly, neither quality
or timescale issues are the
leading factor in reshoring, but
the combination of the two is
whats really driving the trend.
The following extract from
the EFF report sums this
up quite nicely A guarantee of quality is
critical for a large minority of companies
who report this as contributing to their
competitive advantage in the market. Almost
half of manufacturers believe that the quality
of goods sourced from lower-labour-cost
economies is getting better, with larger
companies seemingly better able to secure
quality improvements, but condence that
overseas operators will supply to the required
specications is not sucient for many.
CHALLENGES FOR THE TECH INDUSTRY
Whether for prototype or production
purposes, organisations looking to bring
CNC in-house face a fair few challenges.
Theres a growing trend for organisations to bring machining facilities back in
house. Al Dean explores why and the challenges that lie ahead
THE CHALLENgE OF
BRINgINg BACk CNC
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I
M
A
G
E
C
R
E
D
I
T
:
G
R
O
V
E
(
w
w
w
.
g
r
o
v
e
m
a
d
e
.
c
o
m
)
Grovemade runs a HAAs CNC
mill with Mastercam and
solidworks providing the
CAD/CAM back up
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Were not just talking about the machines;
also the inherent technologies for creating
G-code that drive the machines, and the
equipment needed for inspection.
Alongside the age-old challenges of capital
investment, nancing and facilities rms
need sta and knowledge to make the most
ecient use of the new tools.
Were all familiar with the so-called skills
gap in manufacturing and this is never
more true than when it comes to nding
sta experienced with ecient machining
strategies and machine set-up and
optimisation.
Firms need to invest in training and make
the most of older, knowledgeable sta, to help
skill-up newer, younger, team members.
For those outside of this, it presents both
a problem and an opportunity for the CAM
software industry to sharpen its tools and
gain new customers.
Where this rich vein of potential exists is in
the provision of tools that allow the capture
of knowledge and the ability to not only
formalise that in terms of best practice, but
also to help with establishing knowledge-
based execution of machining strategies.
Many of the last few releases from the major
CAM software vendors have seen more and
more knowledge capture tools introduced as
well as tools that allow that knowledge to be
used intelligently where needed.
Using previously established routines,
decisions and standards, standardised
operation parameters for machine tools,
cutter lists and material- or task-specic
strategies can help ensure that toolpaths
are run that are not only safe, but take
advantage of the latest capabilities in the
machines in-house.
One such example is the recent wealth of
interest in using the full ute of a cutter to
rough out material stock. While this might
have been avoided in years gone by, advances
in cutter technology (in particular, chip
splitting cutters) and the software available
to optimise the tool-paths for this type of
work (constant cutter engagement is the key
word du jour here), means that its possible
to remove material at a much faster rate
than has ever been possible before. But to
do that, the operations need to be ne tuned
by machine, by cutter type and for each
material.
Elsewhere, the cost of mill/turn machines
is reducing with each year and more
are being sold than ever before. Again,
organisations need to look at their CAM
programming best practice to ensure that
these highly ecient and highly complex
machines are used to their full capability -
otherwise any competitive advantage is lost.
Percentage of companies citing reason behind reshoring decision - (Backing Britain, 2014)
The iPhone and iPad accessory
market is cut throat. Cheap Chinese
imports are rampant and its hard to
distinguish between the offerings from
the different brands. One that stands
out is Portland-based, Grovemade.
Founded in 2009 by two friends
with divergent backgrounds,
Grovemade has built its business
around a combination of unique
products, customisation (using laser
engraving) and sustainable materials.
The company has mastered its
production processes with in-house
manufacturing, so we asked co-
founder, Ken Tomita, to share some of
his experiences.
Al Dean: what lead to the decision
to manufacture in house, rather
than to outsource?
Ken Tomita: My background was
originally in carpentry and then custom
furniture design and fabrication. Joe
[Mansfeld, co-founder at Grovemade]
had a custom laser engraving shop.
We were both comfortable with and
completely accustomed to taking
control and making things ourselves.
It was more natural for us to do it
ourselves if we wanted it done right and
we wanted to do something diffcult.
I personally held a belief that
products were better if designer and
maker were the same person with my
old business. Both processes can feed
off of each other and you can more
freely experiment. That philosophy just
carried onto Grovemade.
AD: what are the key factors to
consider for start-ups looking to
manufacture their own products
rather than outsourcing?
KT: Making things is hard. That is
a catch phrase of mine. If you arent
willing to do it the hard way, dont
even bother. I dont recommend it for
most people. We started out with zero
knowledge of machine tools or CAD/
CAM. We learned from a consultant and
taught ourselves with DIY brute force.
You need people that can, and are
willing to, do that OR you need to
hire seasoned pros to begin with.
If you are starting out, dont forget
to consider not just the cost of the
machine but expensive CAM and CAD
software and the expensive people
that can do the programming.
AD: You run a Haas machine. How
did you end up choosing that
particular machine?
KT: Our CNC consultant basically told
us what to buy. His background was
making aluminium motorcycle parts.
Now that I have a better
understanding of the industry, I know
that HAAS machines are relatively
inexpensive and provide good value,
dollar for dollar.
There are Japanese machines that
do the same thing that cost three
times as much. Are they better? Yes.
Are they worth paying three times
as much? Thats a question for the
individual to answer since it depends
on the application.
AD: if you had to share one tip for a
small organisation looking to move
into CNC based manufacturing,
what would it be?
KT: Dont do it! Haha... Besides
that I would say make sure you
have the right people who have a
knack for both programming, CAD,
and actually making stuff.
grovemade.com
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Visit Birmingham
- the home of Delcam
See our latest developments in:-
5-axis machining
High-speed area clearance
Turn-mill programming
Reverse engineering
Inspection
On-machine verifcation
Delcam UK
Small Heath Business Park | Talbot Way | Birmingham | B10 0HJ
Tel: +44 (0)121 766 5544 | Email: marketing@delcam.com
www.delcam.co.uk
Complete CADCAM Solutions
Visit us at Stand 4011
Delcam employs more than
200 CAM developers
thats more than any
other supplier.
The worlds leading specialist in CAM Software
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Robofolds process allows for
elaborate metal sheet work
to be designed, simulated and
manufactured by robots making
changes to patterns or parts
simple and low cost
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A
pproaching a pair of
stationary assembly
robots is an odd
sensation; even
when switched o
they have character
unlike any other machinery youve
come across. So it seems tting that
they have been given names, but
R2D2 and C3PO wont be saving the
galaxy anytime soon; these orange
giants are strictly business.
Their business is folding sheet
metal, an innovative form of CAM
being pioneered by UK rm Robofold.
The process enables incredible
forms, metres in size, to be designed,
simulated and manufactured for use
in architecture, aerospace automotive
and other sectors. And since 2011, our
robotic friends have been very busy.
DYNAMIC DUO
When R2D2 and C3PO begin to move
in tandem they are at once the most
hypnotic things in the room, gliding
into their pre-programmed positions,
suction cups attaching to a sheet of
pre-cut aluminium before them.
From there they arch and twist
till the metal is bent and formed
accurately into a giant petal, a replica
of the one the screen on the nearby
controlling laptop.
This process happens over a dozen
times during our visit to Robofolds
headquarters in Brixton, London,
and each and every time we stop dead
in our tracks to watch.
Its not just us, as theres nearly
30 students from Leeds University
crammed into the space, all having
been part of the three-day workshop
to learn to design using Robofolds
software plug-ins for Rhino.
Theyre studying, not mechanical
engineering or robotics, but
architecture, and nearly all of them
pause to snap photos, record a video
on their phone, or simply gawp at the
two orange beasts.
For architects, these tools are
helping liberate designs Zaha Hadid
has already used it to great eect for
creating the Arum sculpture for the
Venice Biennale in 2012.
Elsewhere, both the automotive
and aerospace industries are
experimenting with the possibilities
that this robotic forming oers them.
Back at base, the robots are
forming an interlocking pattern of
aluminium petals as a cladding that
the university class have designed for
an 8-foot tall, curved dummy wall.
In a separate room the metal
sheeting is cut to size, and drilled for
mounting before being oered up on
a table in front of the giant arms that
drift into action at the press of a large
industrial button once the area is
clear of squidgy humans.
The only person in the room not
entranced is Gregory Epps, founder
of Robofold, who has seen this all
before.
Epps has spent nearly half his life
researching and building the Robofold
Using robots to bend, shape and fold sheet metal is bringing freedom to design.
Stephen Holmes visits Robofold and becomes transxed by its robotic origami
INTO THE FOLD
R2D2 and C3PO:
RoboFold dedicated
ABB robots in action
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system, starting in his late teens with
visions of origami-style folds in metal.
At the age of 17 I didnt have any
money for tooling as you do when
youre 17! laughs Epps. But why
would you want to spend that money
anyway?
You can fold this stu by hand,
but if I could industrialise it I could
make high quality items that I could
use wherever I wanted to.
I didnt even know what Id use at
the time, I didnt know about robots
and they came along later. I knew
I had to do the software and know
how to model it, because if I couldnt
model it I couldnt make it.
The rst steps involved him having
to learn both about computers and
CAD, while switching between
various university courses and jobs.
Finally Epps graduated with in
an Industrial Design Engineering
dual Masters at the Royal College of
Art and Imperial College London in
2007, before deciding on robots as the
means of folding metals.
We bought them secondhand,
explains Epps as the pair dock from
having completed another sheet
metal fold. Theres a company
that does secondhand robots and
in the recession they were going to
Detroit and buying thousands of
robots they had a football eld full
of robots.
HEAVY METAL?
Metal is best for bending, typically
using 1.5mm aluminium, cut with
the CNC router in the factory. It can
also use laser cut steel or stainless
steel up to 1.5mm.
The steel can be nished with
paint or dipped in zinc, while the
aluminium should be anodised,
giving a range of nishes.
Normally in architecture we get
requests like, can you make it 3mm?
as theyre used to a at faade panel,
but once you put the curvature in
it and the fold in it youve added so
much rigidity that you dont need
all that material - you can halve the
amount of material that you need.
The main process people compare
it to is pressing, yet as theres no
tooling it immediately reduces the
time and nancial cost, as well as
other benets.
If you want variation it becomes
3 RoboFolds
delightful desktop
folding machine
allows prototyping
to be conducted at
scale - perfect for
experimentation and
optimisation
2
3
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MeTAL ORiGAMi THe ROBOFOLD PROCess
DesiGN FOLDeD sURFACes
iNTUiTiveLY BY HAND
cam.autodesk.com
CAM FOR FUsiON 360: CLOUD FOR THe sHOPFLOOR
1 edgecam easily
positions fxtures,
with automatic
toolpath avoidance
3 Full machine
simulation allows
edgecam users
to review the
manufacturing
process before it is
sent to the machine
1
2
the CAD part allowing it to work
with dumb geometry just as well as it
does with native CAD parts.
It looks for pockets, bosses (both
open and closed), holes, at faces and
such. It then uses its intelligence
(again, based on your input to guide
best practice) and creates a Planning
Board of machining operations
(found in the left hand panel of
the UI). This selects the most
appropriate cutter and operation for
each set of features found based on
the size of the part, the geometry and
your settings.
As you can see from both gures
1 and 3, this is displayed in a colour
co-ordinated manner, splitting out
each operation type (here, roughing
is followed by proling/nishing and
then drilling cycles). On the Planning
Board , operations can be reordered
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eDGeCAM wORKFLOw CAPTURiNG AND ReUsiNG iNTeLLiGeNCe
6 Once the back of the job has been broken quickly, time
can be spent ne tuning each operation to ensure that the
machine is running as optimally as possible
3
prior to calculation, so things are as
close to the nal intent way before
calculation takes place. Once in a t
state, the toolpaths are calculated.
Then its a case of ne tuning things,
ensuring there are no collision or
gouging issues.
FULL FLUTE WITH WAVEFORM
Edgecam has its own take on the use
of full ute machining techniques. As
is now rampant across the industry,
many are looking at this area to cut
large chunks (metaphorically and
literally) out of the machining cycle
time by using the combination of
cutting with the full (or near the
full length) of the cutter with clever
toolpaths to ensure that the cutter
engages in a consistent manner with
the material.
This means that large depths
can be removed. How each vendor
approaches this diers but the end
result is the same. Loading on not
only the cutter, but the whole spindle,
is consistent and without those
gut wrenching moves. That means
quicker cuts, removing more material,
but just as critically, less wear on both
the cutter and the machine.
Edgecam has built its own take on
this technology (named Waveform)
and built it into every appropriate
strategy, so its a case of using them,
once the feeds and speeds and other
settings for your machine tools are
dialled into the system.
Rather than adjust speeds and feeds,
Waveform automatically manages the
width of cut of the tool, so the feed/
speed remain the same.
CONCLUSION
In terms of ease of use Edgecam has
been a leader in the standalone, yet
CAD integrated, CAM market for
a fair old while. The latest updates
show that its using its knowledge to
automate the routine jobs, leaving the
expert time to ne tune, optimise an
validate tool-paths.
Edgecam Workow makes
great sense for those machining
departments where multiple
machines are running, perhaps with
similar, yet dierent components and
the company has a need to increase
throughput from the programming
oce, onto the shopoor. Its also key,
as with any knowledge-based system,
that the time is invested to dene the
parameters in which that automation
can operate.
Without that eort upfront, the
benets can be hampered. Elsewhere,
Edgecam is keeping pace with the
current trends. While weve not
covered mill/turn much in this article,
the tools are already in the system and
improving with each release, enabling
those investing in that type of machine
tool to take advantage of its benets,
using a familiar programming system.
Waveform also brings high-speed
machining up to date with the current
state of the art that many rms are
exploring.
edgecam.com
3 edgecam
workfow allows the
user to manually
create toolpaths
complimenting
automatic toolpath
generation
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REVIEW: DELCAM
POWERMILL 2014
PowerMill is a legend amongst those machining at the bleeding edge.
Al Dean explores the highlights of the latest release
A
nyone thats been
involved in the more
complex end of the
machining spectrum
will know about
Delcams PowerMill.
Whether youre a user or not, its
reputation as one of the go-to systems
for machining complex forms, is
undeniable.
While its background is in the mould
and die market, the last few years have
seen PowerMill expand its reach. That
reach has grown not only in terms of
the types of machine tool activities that
it supports, but also the industry tasks
and activities it encompasses.
In addition to mould and die, youll
now nd PowerMill working to help
control all manner of complex machine
tools whether thats gantry mounted
CNC routers, or robots grinding to
remanufacture turbine blades or
driving the trimming of complex
composite structures.
What links all of these activities is the
inherent complexity that comes with
those machines and absolute control
required over their movements.
USER EXPERIENCE
As with all the other Delcam systems,
PowerMill has been through a pretty
major overhaul of the user interface
in the last few years. But if youre
expecting an experience that follows
Microsofts current UI guidelines,
then youre out of luck.
Instead, what youll nd is an
interface thats suited to the complex
business of part programming.
Everything is laid out logically, icons
are clear, clean and communicate
the operation involved. What has
changed, however, is the scope for
customisation. In previous releases,
you had a maximum of four toolbars
for collecting users most-used
operations, linking to macros and
the like. Thats now been expanded
to give you a whopping 32. That
should just about cover everything
you need for dierent types of part,
dierent materials etc. Its also worth
noting that these are now stored
in XML format, so theyre much
more shareable between users and
PCs which aids both back up and
standardisation. And the latter is
particularly key when getting new
team members up to speed.
DYNAMIC TOOL CONTROL
Moving onto the programming of
complex machines, perhaps the
biggest highlight for this release
relates to tracking and simulation of
the motion characteristics of complex
4- and 5-axis machine tools.
Now, unless youve worked with one
of these machines, the subtleties of
the importance of these tools might
be missed. These multi axis machines
are dicult to program because
alongside the movement of the cutter
and holder around the part, the user
also needs to factor in the rotation and
tilting of the machine bed and/or the
movement of the machine head.
The new tools allow the user to not
only visualise the exact movements of
all aspects of the machine with a new
Machine Tool Position dialog (which
shows the XYZ translation and A/C
axis rotations), but also to grab the
1 PowerMills new
composite curve
creation tools give
automation where
needed, then prompt
for user input. For
example, where
tangency cant be
tracked
1
geometry of the head and manoeuvre
it into position.
This allows experimentation to nd
the optimal combination of head
position, part rotation, cutter length to
reach those hard to reach places. Once
its found, a new work-plane can be
quickly created, a very useful addition
for those using 3 + 2 machines.
While PowerMill, along with
similar programs, has included
collision detection for some time,
the new version also allows users
to detect less serious, but still
important, problems like sudden
changes in direction or axis reversals
that can leave marks on the parts
surface. Often, it is simply a case of
changing the position of the part on
the bed to solve the problem.
VORTEX MACHINING
The next headline update for this
PowerMill release cycle is Vortex
machining. This is Delcams take on
full ute roughing with solid carbide
tools and takes its mastery of the
complex machining strategy and
applies some smart thinking to the
process. While we should be aware
of this movement towards deeper
roughing operations, Delcams take
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2 PowerMills vortex
machining operations
allows full fute
length cuts to remove
material at higher rate
using the full fute
length of solid carbide
cutters
MACHiNe CONTROL: ReiGNiNG iN THe COMPLeXiTY OF Five AXis
1 SpaceClaims new
STl and mesh focussed
module brings more
robust repair tools
along with greater
ability to work with
this type of geometry
2 (Page 50)
SpaceClaim has, for
the last few releases,
been more and more
adept at supporting
the remodelling of
parts from mesh
geometry into a solid,
analytic form
1
REVIEWS
SOFTWARE REVIEW
50 APRIL 2014 DEVELOP3D.COM
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the view in Chrome) and the session is started