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Internship Report
OMC
(Operation and Maintenance ZTE HYD)


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Group Members:
NAMES DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY
Syed Saad Mehdi Second year, Electrical
Engineering, MUET, Jamshoro
Zeeshan Hyder Final year, Telecom, Sindh
University
Habibullah Dars Final year, Telecom, Sindh
University
Najaf Ali Shah Final year, Telecom, Sindh
University
Irshad Hussain Tunio Final Year, IT, Sindh
Agricultural University,
Tandojam
Syed Tariq Shah

Final Year, IT, Sindh
Agricultural University,
Tandojam

Submitted to: Madam Farheen Kamal
Submitted on: 17/7/12
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Table of Content
1. Overview of organization...1
1.1 Introduction to the company.1
1.2 History.1
1.3 Mission.2
2. Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC) ZTE..4
2.1 Digital main Switching Unit..4
2.2 Types of cards on DMSU...4
2.3 Remote Main Switching Unit ......5
2.4 Connection of ZTE MSU with RMSUs of Hyderabad........7
2.5 Connectivity of OMC (ZTE) with other Exchanges...8
3. About ZTE..........9
3.1 Working on ZTE software...10
3.2 Levels of alarms...10
3.3 Connection of exchange with each other...11
4. Integrated Services Digital Network......13
4.1 Basic Rate ISDN (BRI) .......13
4.2 Primary Rate ISDN (PRI)...14
5. Conclusion17



1. Overview of organization:
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1.1 Introduction to the Company:
(Pakistan Telecommunication Limited) shortly PTCL is one of the largest
telecommunication organization in the Pakistan with its network all over the
country. The Company consists of around 2000 telephone exchanges across
country providing largest fixed line network.
Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) is the
Pakistan's most reliable and largest converged services carrier, which provides
all telecommunications services from basic voice telephony to data, internet,
video-conferencing and carrier services to consumers..
Its collaboration with the two mega telecommunication sectors of the world
namely Hauwei and ZTE has blessed it with the latest technology. Moreover it
has also links with the AlcaTel, a French Company.
1.2 History
Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC) has established in
December 1990, t aki ng over t he oper at i ons and f unct i ons of
Paki s t an Tel ephone and Tel egr aph Department under Pakistan
Telecommunication Corporation Act 1991.
Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC) took over operations and
functions from Pakistan Telephone and Telegraph Department under Pakistan
Telecommunication Corporation Act 1991.
This coincided with the Government's competitive policy, encouraging private
sector participation and resulting in award of licenses for cellular, card-operated
pay-phones, paging and, lately, data communication services.
Pursuing a progressive policy, the Government in 1991, announced its plans
to privatize PTCL, and in 1994 issued six million vouchers exchangeable into
600 million shares of the would-be PTCL in two separate placements.
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In 1995, Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Ordinance formed
the basis for PTCL monopoly over basic telephony in the country.
The provisions of the Ordinance were lent permanence in October 1996
through Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Act. The same year,
Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited was formed and listed on all
stock exchanges of Pakistan
PTCL launched its mobile and data services subsidiaries in 2001 by the
name of Ufone and PakNet respectively. None of the brands made it to the top
slots in the respective competitions. Lately, however, Ufone had increased its
market share in the cellular sector. Recent DSL services were launched which
proved to be the basic building block for the future of this telecommunication
sector.

1.3 Mission
To be the leading Information and Communication Technology Service
Provider in the region by achieving customer satisfaction and maximizing
shareholders' value'.
The future is unfolding around us. In times to come, we will be the link that
allows global communication. We are striving towards mobilizing the world for
the future.
By becoming partners in innovation, PTCL as ready to shape a future that
offers telecom services that bring us closer.
PTCL (Pakistan telecommunication limitted) is all set to redefine to
established boundaries of the telecommunication market and is shifting the
productivity frontier to new heights. Today, for million of people, we demand
instant access to new products and ideas. More importantly, we want them for
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their better living standards with increased values in their ever shrinking globe
of ours.

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2. Operation and maintenance Center (OMC) ZTE:
It is one of the Operation Departments, which deals with the operations and
maintenance of the Main Switching Unit MSU.
Not only this but it also controls the maintenance and connectivity of RSUs
connected with this MSU placed in this department of PTCL. There are
computer placed which controls and maintains the faulty situations through a
ZTE software which shows the actual interface of the RACK of MSU.
A rectifier is placed along with the RACK that steps down 220 volts to 52
volts and converts AC (alternating current) into DC (direct current)

2.1 Digital Main Switching Unit:
The Digital Main Switching Unit (DMSU) deals with calls that have been
routed by DLEs or another DMSU or RSU and is a 'trunk switch', i.e. it is not
connected to any concentrators.
As with DLEs, DMSUs are made up of a Digital Switching Subsystem and a
Processor Utility Subsystem, amongst other things. In the British PSTN
network, each DMSU is connected to every other DMSU in the country,
enabling almost congestion-proof connectivity for calls through the network.

2.2 Types of Cards installed on the MSU:
MP Card: also called main processing card , it is the main controller that
looks after the charging , cooling and database dealing.
STP Card: it is used mainly for signaling purpose.
STCR Card: it is used for the purpose of synchronization of data.
ASIG Card: it used for the announcement tones.
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MTT: it is used to check the condition of current.
DTI: it provides the RMSUs and other MSUs with the trunks, so that itcan
be connected to ZTE exchange.
POWER Card: it supplies the power to other cards installed within the
MSU (main switching unit.
ASIG: it is a subscriber lan card and can hold maximum 24 subscribers.

2.3 Remote Main Switching Unit:
The RSU has the same functions and capacity as the single-processor system,
but the RSU usually works with a host office.
Maximum capacity:
32,000 lines,
Total volume of traffic carried: 4,800 erlangs or 144,000 BHCA,
Suitability: suburban and rural areas with low traffic demand,
The RSU is very cost-effective in terms of maintenance because the host office
connected to it can, and usually does, maintain it remotely. If a failure occurs in
the host office, the RSU has its own functions for call processing and
maintenance to ensure continued service.

the diagram on the next page shows the actual construction of an RMSU
(remote main switching unit)



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Figure 1: An RMSU (remote main switching unit)
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2.4 Connection Of ZTE MSU with RMSUs of Hyderabad:
The following diagram shows the connectivity of Central ZTE MSU with
RMSUs of Hyderabad. There are active as well as inactive RMSUs but below
are the active ones only.




Figure 2: connection of ZTE MSU with RMSUs
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2.1 Connectivity of OMC (ZTE) with other Exchanges:


Figure 3: connection of OMC with Exchanges
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3. About ZTE (Zhongxing Telecommunication
Equipment Corporation):

It is a Chinese multinational telecommunications equipment and systems
company headquartered in Shenzhen, China. It is the world's fifth-largest
telecoms equipment manufacturer in world measured by 2011 revenues
(after Ericsson, Huawei, Alcatel-Lucent and Nokia Siemens Networks) and the
world's fourth-largest mobile phone manufacturer measured by 2011 unit sales.

ZTE's core products are wireless, exchange, access, optical transmission and
data telecommunications gear; mobile phones; and telecommunications
software.
]
It also offers products that provide value-added services, such as video
on demand and streaming media. ZTE primarily sells products under its own
name but it is also an OEM, manufacturing some products, which retail under
other brand names.
In 2009, the company had become the worldwide third-largest vendor of
GSM telecom equipment.
Customers:
A good number of ZTE's customers are outside of China. While the majority
are developing country mobile network operators, ZTE products also see use in
developed countries as well. The UK's Vodafone, Canadian Telus and Public
Mobile, as well as France Telecom have all purchased equipment from ZTE.
Many Chinese companies are also ZTE customers, including China Netcom,
China Mobile, China Satcom, China Telecom, and China Unicom.
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3.1 Working on ZTE software:
The vendor has provides a software with the MSU to run the faults
clearance and other operations taking place in the Digital main switching unit
and remote main switching unit of ZTE
The software provides an easy interface to the operator of different cards located
in the MSU and RMSUs.
It also records the history of faults occurred and its clearance time.
It not just records the fault timings but also records the information of following
messages.
IAM : Initial answer message
ACM: Acknowledgement message
AWM: Answer message
RLE: release message
RLC: release complete message

3.2: LEVELS OF ALARM:
LEVEL 1, COLOR RED: it is also known as critical alarm, and its intensity is
very high, it occurs in the (main processing) MP Card, it has to be cleared at any
cost to keep the system functioning without any hindrance.
LEVEL 2, COLOR BLUE: it is also known as important alarm, it is less
intensive and it occurs in the media card, Power card and SYSCK card.
LEVEL 3, COLOR YELLOW: it is also known as major alarm, it is also less
intensive and it occurs in SP Card, SPI Card and Power card.
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LEVEL 4, COLOR WHITE: it is also known as minor alarm, it is not very
intensive as compared to other levels of alarms, it occurs in ASII Card, PSLC
Card and Environment Card.

3.3 Connection of Exchanges with each other:
Number of subscribers is connected through MDF and indirectly to the
switch, exchange, or MSU (main switching unit) which forwards the call to its
actual destination. It depends upon the calling party to which destination it has to
call whether it comes into the same exchange or to another exchange (Transit or
Gateway).
When the calling party has to call to the subscriber that is also inter
connected to the same exchange then the switch passes on the call to the MDF
(main distribution frame) of that area. Otherwise, if it appears to be the place
connected to another switch or MSU then it has to go through a different process
including the terms of E-1s, CIC and STPs.
In the MSU different types cards are installed for different functionality. For
example, DTI cards are inserted for communication and AMIG for media. Each
DTI (digital trunk interface) has four ports. Normally three E-1 are connected.
Each E-1 contains a number of 32 circuits. So the three E-1 altogether make 93
circuits excluding the three circuits which are on duty for maintenance purpose.
Each E-1 can carry thousands of calls to another exchange but to reduce the
traffic on one E-1 there is a system in which the traffic goes to other E-1
depending how much traffic it could upheld.
There is also the incoming traffic due to which the calls can collide and get
disturbed. To overcome this catastrophe there is a hardware installed which
makes Odd and Even E-1 on the route and so that no collision occurs.
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The diagram on the next page shows the connectivity of exchanges to
exchanges in PTCL Central Exchange.




Figure 2: connection of Exchange to exchange
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4. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN):
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communications
standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other
network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone
network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the
telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special
services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech
and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic
telephone system.
There are several kinds of access interfaces to ISDN defined as Basic Rate
Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI) and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN).In
a videoconference, ISDN provides simultaneous voice, video, and text
transmission between individual desktop videoconferencing systems and group
(room) videoconferencing systems.
Types of ISDN
There are two main types of ISDN:
4.1 Basic Rate ISDN (BRI):
BRI consists of 2 bearer (B) channels for transferring data which operate at
64 Kbps each. The other channel is known as the delta (D) channel and operates
at 16 Kbps. The D channel is used for link management purposes and signaling.
This is known as 2B+1D The interface specifies the following network
interfaces:
The U interface is a two-wire interface between the exchange and a
network terminating unit, which is usually the demarcation point in non-
North American networks.
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The T interface is a serial interface between a computing device and a
terminal adapter, which is the digital equivalent of a modem.
The S interface is a four-wire bus that ISDN consumer devices plug into;
the S & T reference points are commonly implemented as a single
interface labeled 'S/T' on an Network termination 1 (NT1).
The R interface defines the point between a non-ISDN device and a
terminal adapter (TA) which provides translation to and from such a
device.
BRI-ISDN is very popular in Europe but is much less common in North
America. It is also common in Japan - where it is known as INS64.

4.2 Primary Rate ISDN (PRI):
Staggered PRI definition. Background: PRI = Pulse Rate Interval. PRI is a term
used in Radio Frequency (RF) systems. Specifically, Pulse mode RF systems, as
opposed to continuous wave (CW) systems.
PRI depends on the country but a typical PRI is 23 bearer (B) channels at 64
Kbps for data and 1 D channel at 64 Kbps. This is known as 23B+1D.
Each B channel is a clear data path and with the use of multiple B channels
ISDN can provide more bandwidth than other services, e.g. certain leased
services. BRI gives a total usable bandwidth of 128 kbps whereas PRI gives a
bandwidth of 1.44 Mbps


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BRI and PRI Channel Assignments
Figure:4shows the logical contents of a Cisco ISDN PRI interface used in a
standard T1 network configuration.
Figure 5: Logical Relationship of ISDN PRI Components for T1


Figure 4: Channel Assignment in different countries
Figure 5: Logical Relationship of ISDN PRI Components for T1
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Conclusion:
In this week of PTCL internship, we worked on the ZTE software and learnt
the different possibilities of fault occurrence and their possible detection and
clearance through fault detection levels visible on the Interface of ZTE software.
Moreover, the connection of ZTE MSU with the local, transit exchanges and
RMSUs amplified our knowledge.
We learnt the functionality of different cards present in the ZTE (MSU) main
switching Unit. In addition, we saw the RACK of the ZTE MSU and the rectifier
placed ahead of it which rectifies AC to DC and steps down the voltage to 56 to
provide required value of Voltage failure and that the vendor has provided it
with a UPS. Moreover, a brief introduction to NGN next generation network was
given.
Indeed, it was a good experience to work in the operation and maintenance
center of ZTE.