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DAC 2001 Tutorial

R.A. Rutenbar, 2001 1


MeshNetworks
18759SurveyPresentation
PatrickLazik,ChunHowTan
11April2012
Outline
WhatisaMeshNetwork?
RoutinginaMeshNetwork
OpportunisticRoutinginaMeshNetwork
RoutingusingmultipleradiosinaMeshNetwork
Unplanned Mesh Network UnplannedMeshNetwork
Discussion
Introduction
Intraditionalnetworktopologiesdataispassedfromthe
sourcetothedestinationgenerallywithouthelpfrom
individualnodes
Inameshnetworkeachnodecancaptureanddisseminateits
owndata,butcanalsorelaythedataofothernodes
Thereisalsothepossibilityofhavingdedicatedrouter/forwarding
nodes
O i i ll d l d f ili li i Originallydevelopedformilitaryapplications
Nowirelessinfrastructureisrequired
Rapiddeploymentinthefield
Canbeseenasatypeofadhocnetwork
Alsoattractiveforruralandmetropolitanareanetworks
Lowdeploymentcost
Distributedsystemwithnosinglepointoffailure
Selfhealingcapability
Relativelyhighreliability
Drawbacks
Needformorecomplicatedprotocolsforpacket
propagation
Possiblymuchcontentiononlargernetworks
Securityconcerns
Outline
WhatisaMeshNetwork?
RoutinginaMeshNetwork
OpportunisticRoutinginaMeshNetwork
RoutingusingmultipleradiosinaMeshNetwork
Unplanned Mesh Network UnplannedMeshNetwork
Discussion
DynamicSourceRouting
Alinkstateroutingprotocol
Discoverneighbors
Assignsweightstolinks(How?)
Propagate/Floodweightsinfotoallnodes
Computethebestpathbasedontheweights.
DAC 2001 Tutorial
R.A. Rutenbar, 2001 2
Howtoassignweights?
Shortestpathroutingprotocol
eachlinkhassameweight.
ExpectedTransmissionCount(ETX)
Lossrate
ExpectedTransmissionTime(ETT)
Lossrateandbandwidth
Outline
WhatisaMeshNetwork?
RoutinginaMeshNetwork
OpportunisticRoutinginaMeshNetwork
RoutingusingmultipleradiosinaMeshNetwork
Unplanned Mesh Network UnplannedMeshNetwork
Discussion
SimpleOpportunisticRoutingProtocolforWirelessMeshNetworks
Promisestomaximizeprogressofpacketswitheveryhop
byusingopportunisticrouting
Promisestominimizeduplicatetransferswhilekeeping
coordinationoverheadlowbyemployingprioritybased
forwarding
OpportunisticRouting
Exploitsbroadcastnatureofwirelessnetworkstocombine
multipleweaklinksintosinglestrongone
Notradeoffbetweenlinkqualityandprogressmadeper
hop
Neighborclosesttodestinationrebroadcasts
Coordinationrequired
Needtomanageduplicatepackets
S B D C
S D
A
A
B
C
50%
50%
50%
ShortestPathSelection
Actualshortestpathmaynotalwaysbethebestoption
Mayleadoverweakorcongestedlinks
SOARusesETXmetrictoselectbestshortestpath
PriorityBasedForwarding
Goalistomaximizeprogressmadethrougheachhopandavoid
packetduplication
Algorithm:
Asendertransmitsapacket,whichspeciesalistof
forwardingnodesinanincreasingorderofETXtowards
destination
Eachnodehearingthepacketrstchecksifitisincludedinthe
forwardinglist.Ifnot,itdiscardsthepacket
Otherwise,itsetsforwardingtimerproportionaltoitsposition
intheforwardinglist.
NodeswithalowerETXtowardsthedestinationforwardthe
packetearlier,otherscanceltheirforwardinguponhearing
packetbeingforwardedbyothernode.
S B D C A
3
2 1 Priority
DAC 2001 Tutorial
R.A. Rutenbar, 2001 3
EvaluationMetricsandTestingMethodology
Goodput:totalnumberofnonduplicatereceivedbitsper
secondoverallflows
SimulatedinNS2overdiamond,linearchainandgrid
networktopologies
Comparisontotraditionalshortestpathroutingover
multipleintermediatenodes
DiamondTopologyPerformance
Improvementrangesfrom10.2%
to366.9%for2intermediate
nodesandrangesfrom8%to
578.7%for5intermediatenodes
3x3GridTopologyPerformance
Slightlyworseperformancethan
shortestpathifp2<0.2.Upto
200%performancegainsforfirst
hop.
GridMultipleflowPerformance
Performancesignificantlybetter
formoreparallelflows
Evaluation
SOARoutperformstraditionalshortestpathroutinginthe
vastmajorityofcases
Biggestperformancegainsiflinksareoflowquality
Alsosignificantperformancegainsformultipleflowscenarios
KeepinmindthatthiswassimulatedinNS2
Wouldbeinterestedinseeingmoremultipleflow
experiments
Outline
WhatisMeshNetwork?
RoutinginMeshNetwork
OpportunisticRoutinginMeshNetwork
RoutingusingmultipleradiosinMeshNetwork
Unplanned Mesh Network UnplannedMeshNetwork
Discussion
DAC 2001 Tutorial
R.A. Rutenbar, 2001 4
IncreasingcapacityinMeshNetwork
BetterMACtoexploitnoninterferingchannels
DirectionalAntennas
Betterlinkmetrictomaximizechanneldiversity inmulti
radionodes
Howtoassignweights?
Shortestpathroutingprotocol
eachlinkhassameweight.
ExpectedTransmissionCount(ETX)
Lossrate
ExpectedTransmissionTime(ETT)
Lossrateandbandwidth
WeightedCumulativeExpectedTransmissionTime
(WCETT)[1]
Lossrate,bandwidth,andchanneldiversityofapath
Computinglinkmetric[1]
Maximize
Minimize
Transmission
Time
Channel
Diversity
WCETTEvaluation[1]
23nodeswithtworadios
each(802.11aand802.11g)
Noother802.11aand
802.11gusers
ThroughputComparisonsoflinkmetrics[1]
100TCPtransfers(withonly1TCPactiveateachtime)
betweentwonodesrandomlychosen
WCETTDiscussion
Positive:EaseofDeployment
Theirprotocolwaslayeredbetweenlinkandnetworklayer,
andthuscanuseexistinghardware
Negative:Scalability
When2simultaneousTCPwererun,theyobtainthesametotal , y
throughputasasingleconnectionrunningbyitself
Theyneedtouseradiosusingdifferentprotocolsoneachnode
astheyobservethatradioswithsameprotocolinterfere,
despiteatdifferentchannels
Nootherusersinthetestbed area
DAC 2001 Tutorial
R.A. Rutenbar, 2001 5
Outline
WhatisaMeshNetwork?
RoutinginaMeshNetwork
OpportunisticRoutinginaMeshNetwork
RoutingusingmultipleradiosinaMeshNetwork
Unplanned Mesh Network UnplannedMeshNetwork
Discussion
DoesMeshNetworkworkinrealworld?
Largerareacovered
Nodesplacedrandomly(ratherthanatlocationthat
optimizesperformance)
Potentiallynoroutesbetweennodes
Potentiallyotherradiocausinginterference
Roofnet:UnplannedMeshNetwork[2]
37nodesspanningover4kmsquare ofCambridge,MA.
Characteristics:
Smallnumberofinternetgateways (4),requiringmultihoprouting.
UsesdynamicsourceroutinglinkstateprotocolwithETTlink
metric.
All i f d hil l Allexperimentswereperformedwhilerealusersare
usingthemeshnetworktoaccessinternet
Roofnet TCPbetweennodes
15secondonewaybulkTCPtransferbetweenallpossible
pairof37Roofnetnodes
About10%ofpairsfailedtofindaroute
Roofnet TCPwithgateway
TCPperformancefromnongatewaynodestoeachnodes
chosengateway.
MultiHopvs.SingleHop(Optimalgatewayplacement)
DAC 2001 Tutorial
R.A. Rutenbar, 2001 6
MultiHopvsSingleHop(Randomgatewayplacement) RoofnetDiscussion
Positive:EaseofDeployment
Noneedtoplanforoptimalnodeplacement
Positive:Scalability
Evaluationonrealworldscenario
Multipleconnectionsexistatevaluation
PossibleinterferencefromothernonRoofnetusers
Outline
WhatisaMeshNetwork?
RoutinginaMeshNetwork
OpportunisticRoutinginaMeshNetwork
RoutingusingmultipleradiosinaMeshNetwork
Unplanned Mesh Network UnplannedMeshNetwork
Discussion
Discussion
Evaluationmethodologiesofthepaperswerevastly
different
Roofnetcontributesthemostrealisticresults
Allprotocolsbasedondynamicsourcerouting
SOARcontributedprioritybasedforwardingandopportunistic
ti routing
WCETTmetriccontributedbysecondpaper
IdeallywewouldwanttoseeSOARandWCETTevaluated
usingRoofnet
References
1. R.Draves,J.Padhye,andB.Zill.Routinginmultiradio,
multihopwirelessmeshnetworks.MOBICOM2004.
2. J.Bicket,D.Aguayo,S.Biswas,andR.Morris.
ArchitectureandEvaluationofanUnplanned802.11b
MeshNetwork.MOBICOM2005.
3. E.Rozner,J.Seshadri,Y.Mehta,andL.Qiu.Simple
OpportunisticRoutingProtocolforWirelessMesh
Networks.MOBICOM2006.

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