Sainik School Kodagu

Sainik School Kodagu

Physics
project work on
conservation of energy
by
B.G.Ramesh
107
XI !"

AIM
#o st$%y conservation of energy with a 0.& pen%$'$m.
APPARATUS AND MATERIAL REQUIRED
! heavy spherica'( bob with a hook( threa%( metre sca'e( a peg )a penci'or a 1* cm sca'e+(
a rigi% s$pport an% a stan% with a c'amp.
PRINCIPLE
! simp'e pen%$'$m of 'ength l( mas s m os ci ' ' at es %$e t o t he restoring force
e,presse% as F- . mg sin for sma'' %isp'acement )'ess than 1*/+
sin - = x/l
#he force constant k can be written as k- mg/l
an% ma,im$m kinetic energy KE =1/2k*x*x
DESCRIPTIN
0hen the osci''ation of a simp'e pen%$'$m is restricte% into two parts $sing a peg P at
any point on its string( it becomes a two1'ength pen%$'$m. 2$ring one ha'f of
the jo$rney( the bob of mass m( has 'ength l an% %ispa'cement x at position ! an%
for other ha'f it has a 'ength l an% %isp'acement x. !t position B( the bob of mass m has
the same kinetic energy. #herefore( energy conservation %eman%s that
! k x =1/2 k x
" l /l=x /x
#his re'ationship can be verifie% for %ifferent positions of peg P.
Fig. P 11.2: # $ % &l ' n g # ( ) ' n * + l + m Fig. P 11.1: A sim)l' )'n*+l+m
PRCEDURE
1.3et$p a simp'e pen%$'$m $sing a heavy bob. Re'ease the bobgent'y from
position ! an% meas$re the ma,im$m %isp'acement
x( $sing a metre sca'e )4ig. P 11.1+.
& . 4 i , a p e g P ) a p e n c i ' o r a s c a ' e wi ' ' % o + h o r i 5 o n t a ' ' y t o a
c ' a mp s t an% an% br i ng i t i n cont act wi t h t he s t r i ng of t he os ci ' ' at i ng
p e n % $ ' $ m . # h e p e g s h o $ ' % o b s t r a c t t h e m o t i o n o f
t h e pen%$' $m when i t s s t i ng i s ver t i ca' ( t hat i s ( a' ong i t s mean
pos i t i on ) 4i g. P 11. &+ .
6.#he effective 'ength of the pen%$'$m wo$'% get re%$ce% for a part of its
osci''ation after it is he'% by the peg )4ig. P 11.&+.
7. 8eas $r e t he ma,i m$m %i s p' acement x $sing metre sca'e( when the bob
reaches at position 9
*. Repeat the 3teps & to 7 for %ifferent positions of peg P.
:.Recor% these observations in a tab'e an% ca'c$'ate ' ;' an% , <, for each
case.
.7 . = s t a b ' i s h t h e e > $ a ' i t y( ' < ' - , < , .
,SER-ATINS AND CALCULATINS
?ength of a simp'e pen%$'$m( l- ... cm
S.N. Dis)l/0'm'n
#
1 2%2 L'ng#( %1 T(' 2%2 l /l l /l
In )%si#i%n
A
3 40m5
In
)%si#i%n
,
3 40m5
In
)%si#i%n
A
l 40m5
In
)%si#i%n
,
l 40m5
1
2
6
7
RESULT
Re'ationship '<'-,<,( base% on the conservation of energy is verifie%.