Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Eight people died and .0 more !ere in:"red on 8er"ary 17, 1/42, !hen an
escalator collapsed on the Mosco! Metro. =rongly set "p service rakes !ere
later lamed for the accident.
0.2
<n Decemer 1., 1///, 4$year$old Fyotsna Fethani !as killed at Ge! DelhiEs
international airport. Fethani fell into a gaping hole that res"lted from improper
maintenance.
0+2
<n F"ne 1;, 2002, Andrea Alright, a 2+$year$old F.C. &enney employee in
Col"mia, Maryland, !as critically in:"red !hile riding the storeEs escalator from
the first to the second level. -he someho! got her head ca"ght et!een the
escalator rail and a lo! ceiling. *n 200;, her parents s"ed the property manager,
t!o design firms, and the escalator company for H; million.
0;2
<n Ge! Bears Eve, 200+, escalators at the #aipei City @all -tation kept moving
comm"ters onto the overcro!ded island platform. A !oman !hose hair got
ca"ght in the escalator received 20 stitches to the scalp.
032
8rancisco &ortillo, a -alvadoran s"shi chef, died after eing strangled !hen his
s!eatshirt ca"ght in a Ioston s"!ay escalator on 8er"ary 21, 200; at &orter
-7"are. @e !as allegedly dr"nk at the time.
072
<n -eptemer 1., 2004, an 11$year old oy died after falling off an escalator in
9yngdal, Gor!ay
042
. <n April 20, 200/, a teenage oy died after getting very
serio"s sk"ll in:"ries after falling off an escalator in 8al"n, -!eden
0/2
. <n F"ne
23, 200/, a man died after falling off an escalator in @elsingorg, -!eden
0102
. All
three !ere riding the handrail.
[edit] (essons of the )ing*s Cross fire
#he DingEs Cross fire ill"strated the demanding nat"re of escalator "pkeep and the
devicesJ propensity to collect Kfl"ffL !hen not properly maintained.
0112
-ince the station !as part of a p"lic instit"tion 'the 9ondon ,ndergro"nd) and there !as
a s"stantial cas"alty rate, the incident yielded vocifero"s p"lic o"tcry as riders and
victimsJ families demanded the removal of all !ooden escalators system!ide. *n the
official in7"iry that follo!ed, the 8ennell Meport, it !as determined that the fire started
slo!ly, smoldered virt"ally "ndetected for a time, then e(ploded into the ticketing hall
aove in a phenomenon kno!n as the Ktrench effect.L #his slo!$"rning fire, 8ennell
fo"nd, !as allegedly kindled y a discarded "ne(ting"ished cigarette, !hich !as sho!n
in laoratory tests to e a more po!erf"l ignition so"rce than a lit match.
0122
*n the
escalatorsJ "ndercarriage, appro(imately 4,400 kilograms '1/,000 l) of acc"m"lated
detrit"s acted as a !ick to a neglected "ild"p of interior l"ricantsC !ood veneers, paper
and plastic advertisements, solvent$ased paint, ply!ood in the ticket hall, and melamine
com"stion added to the impact of the calamity.
01.2
#aking this partic"lar sit"ation as an
e(ample, one co"ld easily spec"late that any accretion of flammale f"els, cloth, or
scraps 'the Kfl"ffL denoted y 8ennell) co"ld like!ise lead to a devastating fire.
Conse7"entially, older !ooden escalators !ere removed from service in the 9ondon
,ndergro"nd, tho"gh at least one set remains in operation, at Nreenford -tation.
Additionally, sections of the 9ondon ,ndergro"nd that !ere act"ally elo!gro"nd !ere
made nonsmokingC event"ally the !hole system ecame a smoke$free %one.
[edit] (itigation
*n the 1/.0s, at least one s"it !as filed against a department store, alleging that its
escalators posed an attractive n"isance, responsile for a childJs in:"ry.
01+2
#hese cases
!ere almost al!ays dismissed. Moreover, contin"al "pdating of escalator safety codes
facilitated increased levels of cons"mer safety as !ell as a red"ction in co"rt cases.
[edit] (egislation and escalators
[edit] +nited States
Despite their considerale scope, t!o Congressional Acts, the Mehailitation Act of 1/7.
and the Americans !ith Disailities Act of 1//0 'ADA), did not directly affect escalators
or their p"lic installations. -ince -ection ;0+ of the Mehailitation Act incl"ded p"lic
transportation systems, for a fe! years, the ,nited -tates Department of #ransportation
considered designs to retrofit e(isting escalators for !heelchair access. Gonetheless,
8oster$Miller AssociatesJ 1/40 plan, Escalator Modification for the Handicapped !as
"ltimately ignored in favor of increased elevator installations in s"!ay systems.
9ike!ise, the ADA provided more accessiility options, "t e(pressly e(cl"ded
escalators as Kaccessile means of egress,L advocating neither their removal nor retention
in p"lic str"ct"res.
01;2
[edit] Codes and regulation
*n the ,nited -tates and Canada, ne! escalators m"st aide y A-ME A17.1 standards,
and oldOhistoric escalators m"st conform to the safety g"idelines of A-ME A17... *n
E"rope, the escalator safety code is EG11;.
[edit] )ey safety features de,eloped o,er time
Gotice on escalators in -pain.
#o enhance passenger safety, ne!er models of escalators are e7"ipped !ith one or more
of the follo!ing safety implementations, as per A-ME A17.1 code6
Antislide devices6 Maised circ"lar o:ects that often st"d the escalator al"strade.
-ometimes informally called 5hockey p"cks5 d"e to their appearance, their
p"rpose is to prevent o:ects 'and people) from precipito"sly sliding do!n the
other!ise smooth metallic s"rface.
Complate impact s!itches6 -top the escalator if a foreign o:ect gets ca"ght
et!een the steps and the complate on either end.
Deflector r"sh6 A long contin"o"s r"sh made of stiff ristles r"nning "p the
sides of the escalator :"st aove the step level. #his helps deflect garments, shoes,
and other items a!ay from the gap et!een the moving steps and the skirt oard.
Emergency stop "tton6 At each end of the escalator 'in some models, also on the
al"strade), a large red "tton can e pressed to stop the device in the event of an
emergency. #ypically, an alarmed transparent plastic g"ardplate covers the "ttonC
restarting re7"ires t"rning a key.
E(tended al"strades6 Allo!s riders to grasp the handrail efore setting foot on an
escalator, to ease c"stomer comfort and stailityOe7"iliri"m. '#he effect is
similar to the flat steps descried elo!.)
8lat steps6 9ike a moving !alk!ay, the first t!o or three steps at either end of the
escalator are flat. #his gives the passenger e(tra time to orient himOherself !hen
oarding, and more time to maintain alance !hen e(iting. 9onger escalators
often have fo"r or more flat steps.
@andrail inlet s!itches6 . -ensors located at the ottom and top of the "nit that
g"ard the handrail termini. *f something gets ca"ght in these locations, a hard
fa"lt is generated in the controller, and the escalator sh"ts do!n a"tomatically.
@andrail speed sensors6 #hese sensors are "s"ally optical, and monitor ho! fast
the handrail moves. *f the sensor notices a speed difference et!een the handrail
and the steps, it so"nds an alarm, pa"ses, and then a"tomatically stops the
escalator. *n these sit"ations, the escalator m"st e serviced y a"thori%ed
personnel efore ret"rning to an operale state.
Missing step detectors6 Depending on the man"fact"rer and model, this sensor is
either optical or physical. =hen a missing step is detected, the escalator
a"tomatically sh"ts do!n.
Maised step edges6 *n some models, a difference in tread height is "tili%ed to keep
passengersE feet from the skirt oard.
-afety instr"ctions6 A sign, typically posted on oth escalator ne!els at the
entrance landing platform. *n some sit"ations, safety preca"tions are posted on
!alls near the escalator, incl"ded on freestanding signs, or?as in some models?
printed on the riser s"rface itself.
-ensor s!itch6 *n a"tomatic$startOstop escalators, this sensor a"tomatically
engages the escalator motion !hen a rider is detected on the first step of the
entrance landing platform, and stops the escalator !hen there are no riders on the
"nit.
-tep demarcation lights6 Either fl"orescent or 9ED lights 'traditionally green in
color) located inside the tr"ss. #he ill"mination et!een the steps improves the
passengersE a!areness of the step divisions.
-tep demarcation lines6 *n order to clearly delineate the edges of each individ"al
step, man"fact"rers offer steps trimmed in yello!, either painted or !ith plastic
inserts.
[edit] Safe riding- official safety foundation guidelines
=hile some escalator accidents are ca"sed y a mechanical fail"re, most can e avoided
y follo!ing some simple safety preca"tions. #he Elevator Escalator -afety 8o"ndation
is a ma:or advocate for safe riding in the ,nited -tates and Canada, sponsors Gational
Elevator Escalator -afety =eek each year, and p"lishes its o!n s"ggestions for safe
riding.
0132
[edit] .istory
[edit] /n,entors and manufacturers
[edit] 0athan %mes
*ll"stration from ,.-. &atent P2;,0736 Mevolving -tairs. *ss"ed A"g"st /, 14;/ to Gathan
Ames.
Gathan Ames, a patent solicitor from -a"g"s, Massach"setts, is credited !ith patenting
the first 5escalator5 in 14;/, despite the fact that no !orking model of his design !as ever
"ilt. @is invention, the 5revolving stairs5, is largely spec"lative and the patent
specifications indicate that he had no preference for materials or potential "se 'he noted
that steps co"ld e "pholstered or made of !ood, and s"ggested that the "nits might
enefit the infirm !ithin a ho"sehold "se), tho"gh the mechani%ation !as s"ggested to
r"n either y man"al or hydra"lic po!er.
0172
[edit] (eamon Souder
*n 144/, 9eamon -o"der s"ccessf"lly patented the 5stair!ay5, an escalator$type device
that feat"red a 5series of steps and links :ointed to each other5. Go model !as ever "ilt.
0142
#his !as the first of at least fo"r escalator$style patents iss"ed to -o"der, incl"ding
t!o for spiral designs ',. -. &atent Gos. 72.,.2; and 7/2,32.).
[edit] 1esse ilford 2eno, 3eorge %4 heeler, and Charles See"erger
*n 14/2, Fesse =. Meno patented the 5Endless Conveyor or Elevator.5
01/2
A fe! months
after MenoEs patent !as approved, Neorge A. =heeler patented his ideas for a more
recogni%ale moving staircase, tho"gh it !as never "ilt.
0202
=heelerJs patents !ere
o"ght y Charles -eeergerC some feat"res of =heelerJs designs !ere incorporated in
-eeergerJs prototype "ilt y the <tis Elevator Company in 14//.
Meno prod"ced the first !orking escalator 'he act"ally called it the 5inclined elevator5)
and installed it alongside the <ld *ron &ier at Coney *sland, Ge! Bork in 14/3.
0212
#his
partic"lar device !as little more than an inclined elt !ith cast$iron slats or cleats on the
s"rface for traction, and traveled along a 2;Q incline. A fe! months later, the same
prototype !as "sed for a monthlong trial period on the Manhattan side of the Irooklyn
Iridge. Meno event"ally :oined forces !ith <tis Elevator Company, and retired once his
patents !ere p"rchased o"tright. -ome Meno$type escalators !ere still eing "sed in the
Ioston s"!ay "ntil constr"ction for the Iig Dig precipitated their removal. #he
-mithsonian *nstit"tion considered re$assemling one of these historic "nits from 1/1+ in
their collection of Americana, "t 5logistics and reassemly costs !on o"t over
nostalgia5, and the pro:ect !as discarded.
0222
Aro"nd May 14/;, Charles -eeerger egan dra!ings on a form of escalator similar to
those patented y =heeler in 14/2. #his device act"ally consisted of flat, moving stairs,
not "nlike the escalators of today, e(cept for one important detail6 the step s"rface !as
smooth, !ith no com effect to safely g"ide the riderEs feet off at the ends. *nstead, the
passenger had to step off side!ays. #o facilitate this, at the top or ottom of the escalator
the steps contin"ed moving hori%ontally eyond the end of the handrail 'like a miniat"re
moving side!alk) "ntil they disappeared "nder a triang"lar 5divider5 !hich g"ided the
passenger to either side. -eeerger teamed !ith <tis Elevator Company in 14//, and
together they prod"ced the first commercial escalator !hich !on the first pri%e at the
&aris 1/00 Exposition Universelle in 8rance. Also on display at the Exposition !ere
MenoEs inclined elevator, a similar model y Fames M. Dodge and the 9ink Ielt
Machinery Co., and t!o different devices y 8rench man"fact"rers @allR and &iat.
[edit] Early European manufacturers- .all5, .oc6uardt, and Piat
&iat installed its 5stepless5 escalator in @arrods Dnightsridge store on =ednesday,
Govemer 13, 14/4, tho"gh the company relin7"ished its patent rights to the department
store. Goted y Iill 9ancaster in The Department Store: a Social History, 5c"stomers
"nnerved y the e(perience !ere revived y shopmen dispensing free smelling salts and
cognac.5
02.2
#he @arrods "nit !as a contin"o"s leather elt made of 522+ pieces . . .
strongly linked together traveling in an "p!ard direction,5 and !as the first 5moving
staircase5 in England.
02+2
@oc7"ardt received E"ropean patent rights for the Fahrtreppe in 1/03. After the
Exposition, @allR contin"ed to sell its escalator device in E"rope, "t !as event"ally
eclipsed in sales y other ma:or man"fact"rers.
[edit] Ma7or competitors and product nomenclature
*n the first half of the t!entieth cent"ry, several man"fact"rers developed their o!n
escalator prod"cts, tho"gh they had to market their devices "nder different names, d"e to
<tisJ hold on the trademark rights to the !ord Kescalator.L Ge! Bork$ased &eelle
Company called their models the Motorstair, and =estingho"se called their model an
Electric Stairway. #he #oledo$ased @a"ghton Elevator company referred to their
prod"ct as simply Moving Stairs.
[edit] Manufacturing mergers and "uyouts- the playing field narrows
Done and -chindler introd"ced their first escalator models several decades after the <tis
Elevator Co., "t gre! to dominance in the field over time. #oday, they and Mits"ishi
are <tisE primary rivals.
-chindler no! stands as the largest maker of escalators and second largest maker of
elevators in the !orld, tho"gh their first escalator installation did not occ"r "ntil 1/.3.
02;2
*n 1/7/, the company entered the ,nited -tates market y p"rchasing @a"ghton
ElevatorC nine years later, -chindler ass"med control of the Gorth American
escalatorOelevator operations of =estingho"se.
Done e(panded internationally y ac7"isition in the 1/70s, "ying o"t -!edish elevator
man"fact"rer Asea$Nraham, and p"rchasing other minor 8rench, Nerman, and A"strian
elevator makers efore ass"ming control of =estingho"seJs E"ropean elevator "siness.
As the last 5ig fo"r5 man"fact"rers held on to the escalator market, Done first ac7"ired
Montgomery Elevator Company, then took control of NermanyJs <renstein S Doppel
Rolltreppen.
[edit] Model de,elopment and design types
[edit] 8Cleat$type8 escalators
Fesse MenoEs escalators did not resemle modern escalators too closely. &assengersE feet
tilted "p!ard at an angle, and the treads consisted of cleated metal 'initially) or !ood
'later models). Meno !orked on his o!n for several years, gaining s"ccess !ith
installations from #oronto to Cape #o!n, -o"th Africa. -imilar "nits of the day y other
man"fact"rers resemled conveyor elts more than moving staircases. 8or a time, <tis
Elevator sold MenoEs escalators as their o!n 5cleat$type5 escalators.
[edit] 8Step$type8 escalators
-eeergerEs model, o"ght y <tis, clearly ecame the first 5step$type5 escalator, so
called after its vis"al likeness to steps on a reg"lar staircase. #he company later comined
the est aspects of oth inventions 'g"iding slats and flat steps) and in 1/21 prod"ced an
escalator similar to the type "sed today6 they called it the 59$type5 escalator. *t !as
s"cceeded y the 5M$type5, the 5<$type5, and c"rrent models y <tis s"ch as the 5GCE$
type5 escalator.
[edit] Spiral escalators- from 2eno to Mitsu"ishi
Meno, in addition to his notoriety for the first KpracticalL escalator in p"lic "se, also
ears the "ni7"e distinction of designing the very first escalators installed in any
"ndergro"nd s"!ay system a single spiral escalator in the 9ondon ,ndergro"nd in
1/03, forgotten for several decades.
0232
Also the first f"lly operational spiral escalator,
MenoJs design !as nonetheless only one in a series of several similar proposed
contraptions. -o"der patented t!o spiral designs 'see aove), =heeler drafted spiral
stair!ay plans in 1/0;, -eeerger devised at least t!o different spiral "nits et!een 1/03
and 1/11 'incl"ding an "nreali%ed arrangement for the 9ondon ,ndergro"nd), and
Nilert 9"na otained =est Nerman, Fapanese, and ,nited -tates patents for his version
of a spiral escalator y 1/7.. =hen intervie!ed for the Los Aneles Times that year, 9"na
!as in the process of soliciting Kma:or firmsL for ac7"isition of his patents and company,
"t statistics are "nclear on the o"tcome of his endeavors in that regard.
0272
#he Mits"ishi Electric Corporation !as most s"ccessf"l in its development of 5spiral5
'more 5c"rve5 than tr"e spiral) escalators, and has sold them e(cl"sively since the mid$
1/40s. #he !orldEs first 5practical5 spiral escalator?a Mits"ishi model?!as installed
in <saka, Fapan, in 1/4;.
0242
*n "se, a ma:or planning advantage presented y spiral escalators is that they take "p
m"ch less hori%ontal floor space than traditional "nits, !hich fre7"ently ho"se large
machine rooms "nderneath the tr"ss.
[edit] Etymology
-everal a"thors and historians have contri"ted their o!n differing interpretations of the
so"rce of the !ord KescalatorL, and some degree of misinformation has heretofore
proliferated on the *nternet. 8or reference, contradictory citations y seven separate
individ"als, incl"ding the <tis Elevator Company itself, are provided elo!.
02/2
[edit] 0ame de,elopment and original intentions
Charles -eeerger trademarked the !ord 5escalator5 in 1/00, to coincide !ith his
deviceJs de"t at the Exposition Universelle. According to his o!n acco"nt, in 14/;, his
legal co"nsel advised him to name his ne! invention, and he then set o"t to devise a title
for it on his o!n. As evidenced in -eeergerEs o!n hand!ritten doc"ments, archived at
the <tis Elevator Company head7"arters in 8armington, Connectic"t, the inventor
cons"lted 5a 9atin le(icon5 and 5adopted as the root of the ne! !ord, E-calaEC as a prefi(,
EEE and as a s"ffi(, E#or.E5
0.02
@is o!n ro"gh translation of the !ord th"s created !as
5means of traversing from5, and he intended for the !ord to e prono"nced, 5es kTl U tUr5
'es$C%($a$tor).
0.12
5Escalator5 !as not a comination of other 8rench or Nreek !ords, and !as never a
derivative of 5elevator5 in the original sense, !hich means 5one !ho raises "p, a
deliverer5 in 9atin.
0.22
-imilarly, the root !ord 5scala5 does not mean 5a flight of steps5,
"t is defined y 9e!is and -hortJs A Latin Dictionary as the sing"lar form of the pl"ral
no"n 5scalae5, !hich denotes any of the follo!ing6 5a flight of steps or stairs, a staircaseC
a ladder, 0or2 a scaling$ladder.5
0..2
#he alleged intended capitali%ation of 5escalator5 is like!ise a topic of deate.
-eeergerJs trademark application lists the !ord not only !ith the 5E5 "t also !ith all of
the letters capitali%ed 'in t!o different instances), and he specifies that, 5any other form
and character of type may e employed . . . !itho"t altering in any essential manner the
character of 0the2 trade$mark.5
0.+2
#hat his initial specifications are ostensily
inconsistent, and since <tis Elevator Co. advertisements so fre7"ently capitali%ed all of
the letters in the !ord, s"ppositions ao"t the 5capital VeJ5 are diffic"lt to form"late.
[edit] Deri,ati,es of 9escalator9
#he ver 5escalate5 originated in 1/22, and has t!o "ses, the primary6 5to clim or reach
y means of an escalator5 or 5to travel on an escalator5, and the secondary6 5to increase
or develop y s"ccessive stagesC spec! to develop from EconventionalE !arfare into n"clear
!arfare.5
0.;2
#he latter definition !as first printed in the Manchester "#ardian in 1/;/,
"t gre! to prominent "se d"ring the late 1/30s and early 1/70s.
0.32
[edit] (oss of trademar& rights
-ee also6 Nenerici%ed trademark
*n 1/;0, the landmark case Ha#hton Elevator $o! v! See%erer precipitated the end of
<tisE reign over e(cl"sive "se of the !ord 5escalator5, and sim"ltaneo"sly created a
ca"tionary st"dy for companies and individ"als interested in trademark retention.
0.72
Confirming the contention of the E(aminer of #rademark *nterferences, Assistant
Commissioner of &atents M"rphyJs decision re:ected the <tis Elevator CompanyJs appeal
to keep their trademark intact, and noted that 5the term EescalatorE is recogni%ed y the
general p"lic as the name for a moving stair!ay and not the so"rce thereof5, oserving
that the <tis Elevator Co. had 5"sed the term as a generic descriptive termWin a n"mer
of patents !hich 0had2 een iss"ed to them andWin their advertising matter.5
0.42
All
trademark protections !ere removed from the !ord 5escalator5, the term !as officially
generici%ed, and it fell into the p"lic domain.
[edit] Primary uses and application
[edit] Department stores:shopping
As noted aove, a fe! escalator types !ere installed in ma:or department stores
'incl"ding @arrods) efore the Expo. Escalators proved instr"mental in the layo"t and
design of shopping ven"es in the t!entieth cent"ry.
Iy 14/4, the first of MenoJs 5inclined elevators5 !ere incorporated into the Iloomingdale
Iros. store at #hird Aven"e and ;/th -treet. #his !as the first retail application of the
devices in the ,-, and no small coincidence, considering that MenoEs primary financier
!as 9yman Iloomingdale, co$o!ner of the department store !ith rother Foseph
Iloomingdale.
0./2
#he longest escalators in the =estern @emisphere, at the =heaton station, =ashington
DC Metro
[edit] Pu"lic transportation
#he first 5standard5 escalator installed on the 9ondon ,ndergro"nd !as a -eeerger
model at Earls Co"rt. Goted aove, 9ondonEs ,ndergro"nd installed a rare spiral
escalator designed y Meno, =illiam @enry Aston and -cott Diet%man for the @ollo!ay
Moad ,ndergro"nd station in 1/03C it !as r"n for a short time "t !as taken o"t of
service the same day it de"ted.
0+02
#he older lines of the 9ondon ,ndergro"nd had many
escalators !ith !ooden treads 'ca. 1/.0s) "ntil they !ere rapidly replaced follo!ing the
DingEs Cross fire, noted aove.
[edit] Other applications
[edit] ;actories and other industrial production en,ironments
*n 1/0;, the American =oolen CompanyJs =ood Mill in 9a!rence, Massach"setts 'then
5the largest single !orsted mill in the !orld5) "tili%ed <tisE -eeerger$type 5reversile5
escalators to carry its !orkers et!een floors fo"r times a day.
0+12
#he machines did not
r"n all day6 rather, escalators ran solely to transport employees toOfrom midday meals and
inOo"t of the mill. *n its advertising, <tis Elevator Company hailed this "nconventional
"se for its "ni7"e enefits to oth !orkers and o!ners6 5#he profitale and practicale
feat"re of the Escalator, from the vie!point of the o!ner, is the increased efficiency of
each operator d"e to the elimination of stair climing.5
0+22
[edit] Military use
*n -an 8rancisco, an escalator at @"nters &oint Gaval -hipyard !as "sed to convey
personnel et!een the first and third floors. At the time of its constr"ction in 1/+4, it !as
to"ted th"s6 50it has the2 highest lift of any ind"strial "ilding in the !orld. *t rises +2
feet.5
0+.2
Escalators !ere also "tili%ed on aircraft carriers s"ch as the ,-- Hornet 'CA$12), to
transport pilots from 5ready rooms5 to the flight deck.
0++2
[edit] E<tant historic escalator models
MacyEs @erald -7"are store in Ge! Bork City holds some of the more famo"s historic
escalators. #he models sho!n here, retrofitted !ith metal steps in the 1//0s, are among
the oldest of the storeEs +0 escalators. <tis 59$type5 escalators !ith distinctive !ood
treads 'not sho!n) have operated in the store since 1/27.
=ooden treads on a 1/.0s <tis escalator at =ynyard rail!ay station, -ydney, A"stralia
A fe! notale e(amples of historic escalators still in operation are6
[edit] %ustralia
#o!n @all Mail!ay -tation, -ydney, A"stralia
=ynyard Mail!ay -tation, -ydney, A"stralia
[edit] Europe
-t. Anna &edestrian #"nnel "nderneath the -chelde in Ant!erp, Ielgi"m. #his
t"nnel !as opened in 1/...
#yne Cyclist and &edestrian #"nnel, #yne and =ear, England
$#hese escalators, man"fact"red y =aygood <tis in 1/;1, !ere 5elieved to e
the longest single lift escalators in the !orld5, at the time of installation.
&res"maly the first escalators in Iritain designed specifically for cyclists, they
are also 5tho"ght to e still5 the longest escalators in the ,nited Dingdom. At
most, they may e the longest e(tant !ooden escalators in operation in the !orld.
0+;2
Nreenford -tation, Nreenford, England
[edit] 0orth %merica
MacyEs @erald -7"are department store, <tis 9$type "nits !ith !ood treads and
replacement metal treads, Ge! Bork, Ge! Bork
Da"fmannEs department store 'no! MacyEs), t!o 13$inch '+00 mm) <tis 9$type
"nits !ith original floorplates, several +0$inch '1000 mm) <tis escalators ca.
1/;0s, &itts"rgh, &ennsylvania
=estfield -an 8rancisco Centre 'formerly #he Empori"m), chrome$and$glass
escalator y Eleanor 9eMaire for <tis, -an 8rancisco, California
[edit] Escalators- superlati,es
[edit] (ongest systems
Central$Mid$9evels escalator6 in @ong Dong, tens of tho"sands of comm"ters
travel each !ork day et!een Central, the central "siness district, and the Mid$
levels, a residential district h"ndreds of feet "phill, "sing this long distance system
of escalators and moving !alk!ays. *t is the !orldEs longest o"tdoor escalator
system 'not a single escalator span), at a total length of 2,300 feet '7/0 m). *t goes
only one !ay at a timeC the direction reverses depending on r"sh ho"r traffic
direction.
<cean &ark, @ong Dong6 a long escalator system connecting t!o parts of the
&ark, !ith an overall length of 7.0 feet '220 m).
[edit] (ongest indi,idual escalators
[edit] %sia and Europe
-everal 5metro5 or 5s"!ay5 systems in Central and Eastern E"rope feat"re very long
escalators.
0citation needed2
*n the &ark &oedy station of the Mosco! Metro, opened in 200., the escalators
are +10 feet '120 m), or 7+0 steps, long, and take nearly three min"tes to transit.
Deep "ndergro"nd stations in -t. &eters"rg have escalators "p to appro(imately
..0 feet '100 m) long.
#he Diev Metro Dreschatik stationEs lo!er$level second e(it escalator 'a type XY$
2, circa 1/3;), lifts riders 213 feet '33 m), or 7+. steps, "p a +.2$foot '1.2 m)$
long incline.
0citation needed2
#he longest escalator in &rag"e is at the GZm[st\ M\r" station at 2/0 feet '44 m).
#he tallest escalator on the 9ondon ,ndergro"nd system is at Angel station !ith a
length of 1/7 feet '30 m), and a vertical rise of /0 feet '27 m).
#he longest !ooden escalators in the ,nited Dingdom are at the #yne #"nnel,
!ith a length of 200 feet '31 m). '-ee aove.)
#he largest 5single tr"ss escalator5 is in the Ientall Centre in Dingston "pon
#hames in Nreater 9ondon, ,D. *t connects the gro"nd floor !ith the second
floor !ith only top and ottom s"pports.
0citation needed2
[edit] 0orth and South %merica
#he longest set of single$span "ninterr"pted escalators in the =estern @emisphere
is at the =heaton station of the =ashington Metro system. #hey are ;04 feet
'1;; m)
0+320+72
long !ith a 'pres"maly) vertical rise of 2.0 feet '70 m),
0+42
and take
!hat is vario"sly descried as 2 min"tes and +; seconds
0citation needed2
or nearly three$
and$a$half min"tes,
0+72
to ascend or descend !itho"t !alking.
#he longest escalator in the ,nited -tates !est of the Mississippi is reportedly in
the =ilshireOAermont metro station in 9os Angeles.
0citation needed2
#he longest freestandin 's"pported only at the ends) escalator in the !orld is
inside CGG CenterJs atri"m in Atlanta, Neorgia. *t rises 4 stories and is 20; feet
'32 m) long. <riginally "ilt as the entrance to the am"sement park #he =orld of
-id and Marty Drofft, the escalator is no! "sed for CGG st"dio to"rs.
0+/2
[edit] Shortest escalators
[edit] %sia
According to N"inness, the shortest escalator in the !orld is in the <kadaya Mores
shopping mall in Da!asaki, Fapan. *ts vertical rise is only .2.4 inches '4. cm).
0citation needed2
[edit] 0orth %merica
#he shortest escalator in the ,nited -tates is a -chindler "nit at the entrance to the
FC&enney Department -tore in =estfield Narden -tate &la%a in &aram"s, Ge! Fersey.
0citation needed2
[edit] 0ota"le spiral escalator installations
Escalators in the Bokohama Minato Mirai 21, Fapan.
[edit] %sia
=heelock &lace, -ingapore
Feddah @ilton, -a"di Araia
9andmark #o!er, Fapan
#imes -7"are shopping mall, @ong Dong, China
9otte =orld, -o"th Dorea
#he Aenetian hotel and casino, Maca", China
=#C Mangga D"a, Fakarta, *ndonesia 'the only one in *ndonesia)
#aipei, #ai!an
[edit] 0orth %merica