OPTIMHO

Static Distance Protection Relays

2
OPTIMHO
Static Distance Protection Relays
Features
Full scheme distance relays with
18, 12, 9 or 6 measuring units.
Phase and ground distance or
phase distance protection.
Single or multiple zones.
Optional directional earth fault
protection.
Typical operating time: one cycle
for three phase faults.
Optional fault location includes
mutual compensation on selected
models.
Optional data recording for post
fault analysis and instrumentation
functions.
Eight independent groups of
settings can be stored in the
relay.
A second blocking scheme is
available on selected models for
use with signalling equipment.
Integral user interface for easy
access to relay setting and fault
records.
Provision for remote
communications via modems.
Benefits
Wide model range for accurate
matching to applications.
Remote interrogation reduces
need for site visits.
Precise fault location, even on
double-circuit lines together with
fault information reduces outage
time.
Accurate fault information
provides for in-depth fault
analysis.
Changes to alternative groups of
settings can be accomplished
with a single command.
Self diagnosis reduces
maintenance costs.
Vertical case option eases retrofit
problems.
Will interface with existing
scheme logic.
Fulfils basic SCADA role at no
extra cost.
Figure 1: Optimho (Type LFZP) relays
3
Summary Chart
Transmission and Sub-transmission Back
sub transmission and distribution up
main protection main protection only
LFZP Model 111 112 113 114 121 122 123 131 132 151
Phase distance
Ground distance
DEF
Fault location
Fault location with mutual compensation
Overhead lines
Underground cables
Open delta/3 limb VTs
No. of distance elements 18 18 18 12 12 12 12 9 6 6
Independent zones Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1
Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2
Z3 Z3 Z3 Z3 Z3 Z3 Z3 Z3
Reach stepped zones Z1X Z1X Z1X Z1X Z1X Z1X Z1X Z1X Z1X
Z1Y Z1Y Z1Y Z1Y Z1Y Z1Y Z1Y Z1Y Z1Y
Z2 Z2 Z2
Reversible zones
Single pole tripping
VT supervision
3 phase fuse blow supervision
Power swing blocking
Loss of load trip feature
No. of output contacts 24 24 24 24 16 16 16 16 16 8
Basic
Z1 Extension
Acceleration
PUR
PUR Unblock
Schemes POR1
POR1 Unblock
POR2
POR2 WI Trip
POR2 Unblock
POR2 WI Trip Unblock
Blocking
Blocking 2
Z1, Z1X, Z1Y, Z2 Phase m m m m m m c f f
Distance Z1, Z1X, Z1Y, Z2 Ground q/m m m m q/m m c
Characteristic Z3 Phase L L L N N N P N
Z3 Ground Q/L L L D/N N N N
Negative sequence volts
DEF Zero seq current
polarising Zero seq volts
Zero seq volts+current

= standard,

= optional, m = shaped mho, f = fully crossed polarised mho, q = quadrilateral,

c = shaped mho for cables, D = offset quadrilateral, N = offset lenticular, Q = D/rev q, L = N/rev m, P = N/rev f.
For further information see Page 6.
4
Applications of Optimho
Optimho is produced in several
models, each suitable for a specific
range of applications. The more
sophisticated models have features
and functional abilities which can
fulfil the most exacting duties.
These can include ehv applications
depending on the fault clearance
time required. The more basic
models have reduced hardware and
software to suit the simpler
requirements of sub-transmission
and distribution systems.
Optimho complements the well
established Micromho and
Quadramho, enhancing the already
outstanding family of distance
protection available from ALSTOM
T&D Protection & Control Ltd.
The range of applications includes:
main and back-up protection of
overhead lines and underground
cables including transformer
feeders.
back-up protection of
transformers, auto-transformers
and shunt reactors (LFZP 151)
protection of solid or resistance
earthed systems.
Three-pole or single-and-three-
pole tripping, with or without the
aid of a signalling channel.
single zone relays used in
multiple zone schemes to provide
ultra-high reliability by additional
redundancy of protection
(LFZP 121, 122 or 132 with one
zone enabled).
on-site replacement of
obsolescent electro-mechanical or
switched static distance relays.
protection of systems with open-
delta line voltage transformers or
3 phase 3 limb line voltage
transformers (LFZP 131 or 132).
phase selection to allow, for
example, a power line carrier
phase comparison scheme (such
as P10) to carry out single phase
tripping (LFZP 114).
Principles of Operation
All models of Optimho are full
scheme distance relays which have
a full set of measuring elements for
each main zone of protection.
Compared with the switched type of
scheme, the full scheme system
improves reliability by avoiding the
need to rely on phase selection
hardware or software and by
removing dependence on a single
measuring unit. Full scheme distance
relays are better able to cope with
inter-circuit faults on double circuit
lines and evolving faults.
The measuring element uses a micro-
controller to produce a direct
software equivalent of the hardware
phase comparator used in
Optimhos forerunners, Micromho
and Quadramho. This phase
comparator design is well tried,
having accumulated nearly ten
thousand relay years of successful
operating experience over the last
decade at locations throughout the
world.
Many of the other hardware and
software features of Quadramho
have been retained and further
enhanced in Optimho, ensuring the
highest standards of reliability.
Optimised Performance
with Distorted Signals
The phase comparators and level
detectors use logic processing to
achieve immunity from maloperation
due to noise, such as harmonic
distortion, travelling wave effects,
high and low frequency capacitor
voltage transformer transients and
current transformer saturation.
Operation of the phase comparators
and level detectors can only occur if
the input signals are dominated by
power frequency components.
Filters are used to insure this
dominance and to optimise
operating times.
Hardware Structure
All models are built up from a small
range of standard printed circuit
boards used as modular building
blocks.
All models use the same relay case,
power supply unit, and front panel.
The relay hardware is bus-structured
to allow printed circuit boards to be
plugged into the case in different
combinations. (See Figure 2).
The hardware uses multiple
microcontrollers to perform as
comparators, level detectors, etc.
A main microcontroller uses the
digital bus to read outputs from the
subsidiary microcontrollers, read
signals from the outside world via
optically coupled isolators,
communicate with the user interface
and perform scheme logic, serial
communications, monitoring and
output contact functions. Settings,
indications, and fault records are
stored in a type of memory which is
unaffected by loss of dc supply.
The layout of the relay case follows
the quiet region arrangement
introduced in Micromho and
Quadramho, with measurement and
control boards located in a
screened compartment and fed with
signals from the outside world via
screened isolation devices and
filters. See Figure 3.
A vertical aspect, panel mounted
version can be used for replacing
obsolescent electromechanical
distance relays in narrow panels,
with the minimum of panel
disturbance.
Integral User Interface
All relay settings and records are
accessible from the integral user
interface shown in Figure 4.
The liquid crystal display (LCD)
indicates how the relay initiated the
latest trip. The faulty phase and
zone are indicated for trips initiated
by the distance elements. The latest
alarm condition is also indicated.
If indications are present when the
supply is lost, they are automatically
reinstated when the supply is
restored.
5
The date and time of the fault,
location (if available), and more,
are displayed by pressing READ.
After the indications have been
read, they can be cleared by
pressing RESET, and the READ key
can then be used to step through all
the relay settings displayed in
sequence.
The cursor and SET keys, and the
two test sockets, are only accessible
after removing the transparent front
cover. The keys are used to select
from a menu of options displayed
on the LCD in English, and to enter
new settings into temporary
memory. The menu has a simple
structure, allowing rapid
familiarisation.
The SET key is used to transfer
temporary entries to the permanent
memory which determines relay
action. Accidental changes are
prevented by allowing SET to be
operative only at certain points in
the menu after appropriate
warnings have been displayed.
Figure 3: Mechanical layout of LFZP
Figure 4: User interface on front panel
User interface
8 Output relays
Status
inputs
8 Output relays
8 Output relays
Trips.
alarms,
etc.
A
n
a
l
o
g
u
e

b
u
s
Main controller board
+ Schemes, settings,
comms, monitoring diagnostics
Fault location board
+ Fault data and instrumentation
Level detector board
+ AC supply supervision
Zone 1 and 2 board
(Alternatively zones 1, 2 and3)
+ Additional reach stepped zones
Zone 3 board
+ Power swing blocking
DEF board
Quadrilateral
ground fault board
Settings from
digital bus
Optional boards shown in
broken outline
AC inputs
Analogue
input
module
RS232C serial link to remote terminal
D
i
g
i
t
a
l


b
u
s
V
A
V
B
V
C

A

B

C

p
V
N
7 Optical isolators
Output auxiliary
relays and
status input
optical isolators
Fully screened
power supply
unit enclosure
Terminal blocks
Terminal block
Analogue
input module
Measurement
and control
boards in fully
screened
compartment
User interface
on hinged front
panel
DISTANCE
PROTECTION
SET
RESET ACCEPT/READ
RELAY AVAILABLE
PARALLEL
SERIAL
TRIP
ALARM
2 x 16 character
liquid crystal display Light emitting diodes
Test sockets
7 Keys only RESET and ACCEPT/READ
accessible with front cover in place
Figure 2: Electrical structure of LFZP
6
Menu Options
The menu holds an extensive range
of options, including:
viewing records of the LCD
indications from the last four
faults.
printing records or settings on a
portable printer plugged into the
parallel test socket
entering a relay identification
code for use on printouts.
comprehensive test options such
as: monitoring test points on the
parallel socket; blocking output
contacts (the relay inoperative
alarm contact closes when the
output contacts are blocked);
simplified on-load directional
testing; and closing selected
output contacts (for instance to
carry out a circuit breaker test)
setting up the baud rate and
protocol for the serial
communications.
Settings
The setting options allow the user to
select functions to suit each
application. The available options
depend upon the model of
Optimho, but usually include:
scheme type
which distance zones are
enabled (up to 5 zones)
whether ground fault time
delayed zones (if fitted) are
enabled
direction of reach-stepped zones
or of Zone 3 (if fitted)
whether start indications are
required for remote faults which
do not result in a trip.
eight independent groups of
settings which are stored in the
relay memory and are selectable
from the menu.
The menu is adaptive; for example,
if Zone 2 is not required and has
been disabled, its time setting is
automatically removed from the
menu.
Schemes Available
The scheme selection varies with the
model of Optimho. Most models
have basic distance with up to 3
independent zones available,
designated Z1, Z2 and Z3.
Additional zones 1X and 1Y are
obtained, if required, by stepping
the reach of the Zone 1 elements
after time delays started by the
Zone2 and/or Zone 3 elements.
On some models Zone 2 is obtained
by stepping the reach of Zone 1,
while on some other models, Zone 3
is omitted.
Models offering selectable,
permissive overreach and
unblocking schemes are complete
with current reversal guard logic
and open breaker echo logic.
Models having independent Zone 1,
Zone 2 and Zone 3 have additional
permissive overreach and
unblocking schemes with weak
infeed logic, also the blocking
scheme. These schemes require
Zone 3 to be set reverse looking.
Single phase tripping logic is
available in some models.
Loss of load accelerated tripping
feature is available on some models
for use with 3 pole tripping.
7
Distance Characteristics
The phase comparator is arranged to produce several types of distance
characteristics for the different models of Optimho. For further information see
Summary, Page 3.
Characteristic Description
type
m Partially cross polarised shaped mho with partial
synchronous polarising for 3-phase faults. Expansion
under fault conditions is more than adequate to cover arc
and tower footing resistance for most systems, with
excellent phase selection. See Figure 5.
f Fully cross polarised (or quadrature polarised) mho with
partial synchronous polarising for 3-phase faults.
Similar to type m above but used where only phase fault
protection is required.
c Self polarised mho, with a small proportion of cross
polarising: used for ground fault protection of
underground cables at high and medium voltages.
q Quadrilateral with adaptive reactance measurement to
avoid overreach or underreach for resistive faults with
prefault load. The directional measurement is partially
cross polarised. The resistive reach setting is variable up
to 150 (1A relay) or 30 (5A relay). The quadrilateral
is used instead of type m above to cover ground fault
resistance on overhead lines shorter than 15km, on
resistance neutral systems, or on systems with high ground
resistivity. See Figure 6.
D Offset quadrilateral: as type q but with reverse reach for
busbar back-up protection in Zone 3 time.
N Offset lenticular with a variable aspect ratio set to avoid
load encroachment on long lines. A circular offset setting
for shorter lines is included. The reverse reach is used for
bus back-up protection in Zone 3 time. Reach stepped
zones whose timers are started by Zone 3 automatically
avoid load encroachment if Zone 3 is shaped to avoid the
load impedance. See Figure 7.
Q Selectable between type D and reverse type q.
L Selectable between type N and reverse type m.
P Selectable between type N and reverse type f.
Figure 5: Resistive expansion of partially cross-polarized mho under fault conditions for solidly grounded systems
X
Numbers are source impedance/relay setting ratios
24 60
12 6 1 0
R
8
Remote Communications
All the options available on the
menu are also available from a
local or remote terminal via an
RS232C serial communication port.
Sockets are provided on both the
front and the rear of the relay for
temporary or permanent connection
respectively. The socket on the rear
can also interface with a modem for
communication over a suitable link,
for instance a telephone line.
The facility to bulk transfer settings,
event records and metering
information (providing a fault
locator is fitted) is available using
ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control
Ltd pc based software Opticom.
By using KITZ 103 interface unit, the
Optimho can be interconnected to
relays in the ALSTOM K range.
The interconnection is via a
shielded, twisted wire pair known
as K-Bus. Up to 32 relays may be
connected in parallel across the bus.
The K-Bus is connected through a
second KITZ protocol convertor
either directly or via a modem to the
RS232 port of the pc. The K-Bus is
RS485 based and runs at
64 kbits/s.
From the same pc, Opticom 100
(version 5.0 and higher) and any
Courier based Access Software
packages can be used to
communicate with the Optimho.
The KITZ 103 and the LFZP act as a
single slave device over K-Bus, see
Figure 8.
For more detailed information on the
application of Optimho over K-Bus,
including modem connections, baud
rates, bit framing and the use of
Courier features, reference should
be made to the following service
manuals:
KITZ 101/102
Interface Unit R8521
KITZ 103
K-Bus to Optimho Interface R8532
OptiCom 100/140
Settings Database
and File Transfer R5928
Figure 6: Quadrilateral ground fault characteristics
Figure 7: Lenticular Zone 3
Zone 3
Zone 2
Zone 1
Zone 3 reverse
Directional line
Zones 1 & 2
R
L
H

R
e
s
i
s
t
i
v
e

r
e
a
c
h
X
R
H

R
e
s
i
s
t
i
v
e

r
e
a
c
h
X
Zone 3
Zone 3
reverse
a
b
0.41
0.67
1.00
Aspect ratios a/b
Load
area
R
9
Polarising
The partial cross polarising signal
used in various distance
characteristics is a square wave
derived from a healthy phase
reference and 16% of the amplitude
of the prefault voltage. This wave is
added to the faulty phase voltage,
and dominates it for close-up
unbalanced fault conditions.
This provides a clear directional
reference even in the presence of
capacitor voltage transformer
transients.
The partial synchronous polarising is
similar to partial cross polarising but
is effective for 3-phase faults.
Synchronous polarising is derived
from prefault voltage and is
available for 16 cycles after fault
incidence to cover breaker failure
protection time.
Several cycles must elapse from
system energisation before
synchronous polarising is available,
so switch-on-to-fault logic is
arranged to provide protection for
close-up 3-phase faults during this
initial period.
Directional Earth Fault
Protection
(not available in all models)
The directional earth fault protection
(DEF) has these features selectable
via the user interface:
time delayed tripping, either
definite time or inverse definite
minimum time using a selection of
built-in IEC or American curves.
See Figure 9.
instantaneous high-set tripping,
available if the model of Optimho
has no Zone 1 instantaneous
ground fault elements fitted.
aided tripping via permissive
overreach, unblocking, or
blocking schemes (depending on
the model), which work in
conjunction with the distance
scheme, sharing the same
signalling channel.
choice of polarising for the
directional element:
negative sequence voltage
derived from internal filters
(compared against negative
sequence current).
zero sequence current from a
separate current input
zero sequence voltage (in some
models) derived internally from
V
A
, V
B
and V
C
.
dual zero sequence current and
voltage (some models only).
The overcurrent elements use zero
sequence current as the operating
quantity irrespective of the type of
polarising used for the directional
element.
The negative sequence filters are
self-adaptive to system frequency,
allowing greater sensitivity than is
possible with fixed filters tuned to
the nominal system frequency.
A magnetising inrush current
detector is provided to prevent
maloperation when energising in-
zone transformers. The circuit uses
the principle of detecting
zeros in the current lasting for a
quarter-cycle or more. This method
is inherently unaffected by current
transformer saturation, unlike
second harmonic restraint.
Figure 8: Typical application diagram: KBUS/LFZP 100 (Optimho) Interface Type KITZ 103
Auxiliary
supply
voltage
KITZ101/102
KBUS/IEC 60870 Interface
+
_
Screen
Screen
All points are internally connected
2 TX
3 RX
7 Signal GND
1 Protective GND
IBM or compatible P.C.
(For pin assignment
numbers see table)
Auxiliary
supply
voltage
1 2
150R
KITZ103 KBUS
LFZP 100 (Optimho)
Interface
LFZP 100 (Optimho) Relay
+
_
All points are internally connected
2
3
7
1
2 TX
3 RX
7 Signal GND
1 Protective GND
1 2
*
54
56
150R
Typical K
series relay
When Fitted
Terminals
Screen Link
56
54
Typical K
series relay
Terminals
(Rear Port)
Table showing connections between KITZ 103 serial
port and LFZP 100 (OPTIMHO) rear serial port.
(For reference only. Please refer to PC user manual
where available).
KITZ 103 LFZP 100 (OPTIMHO) rear serial port type
25 pin D male connector (DTE) KITZ 103 25 pin D male connector (DTE)
1 Protective ground 1 Protective ground
2 Transmitted data 2 Received data
3 Received data 2 Transmitted data
7 Signal ground 7 Signal ground
Connector shell to cable screen Connector shell to cable screen
10
Fault Location, Fault
Data Recording and
Instrumentation
(not available in all models)
The fault location algorithm includes
compensation for infeed into a
resistive fault from remote source
with prefault load flow. Readout of
the fault location can be selected to
be in kilometres, miles or percent of
line length.
Some versions of the fault locator
can be mutually compensated if
required. This feature can not be
used if zero sequence current
polarising is required for the DEF.
The fault location board also
computes prefault and fault voltages
and currents phase-by-phase.
These values, together with negative
and zero sequence current and
voltage can be read out to allow
analysis of the power system
network as it was at the time of
fault. The duration of the fault is also
determined.
At any time under healthy live line
conditions, the line voltages,
currents, watts and vars can be
calculated on demand. These values
can be compared with other
instrumentation for accuracy.
As the fault location hardware is
largely separate from that of the
distance measuring elements,
protection accuracy can be cross-
checked with fault location accuracy
during secondary injection tests.
All voltages and currents are given
with phase angle relative to prefault
V
A
, and rms amplitudes in primary
or secondary terms.
Figure 9: DEF Protection time delay trip times
10
1
0.1
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g

T
i
m
e

t

(
s
e
c
o
n
d
s
)
1 5 100
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g

T
i
m
e

t

(
s
e
c
o
n
d
s
)
Current (Multipule of s)
American curves
Current (Multipule of s)
IEC curves
100
Curve 5 US moderate inverse
Curve 6 US standard inverse
Curve 7 US very inverse
Curve 8 US extremely inverse
Curve 1 Standard inverse: t = 0.14

0.02
1
Curve 2 Very inverse: t = 13.5
1
Curve 3 Extremely inverse: t = 80

2
1
Curve 4 Longtime earth fault: t = 120
1
5
0.5
10 50
50
1 5 100 10 50
Curve 5
Curve 6
Curve 7
Curve 8
Curve 4
Curve 1
Curve 2
Curve 3
10
0.1
100
5
0.5
50
1
11
Figure 10: 50Hz operating times (MHO characteristic)
Figure 11: 60Hz operating times (MHO characteristic)
Figure 12: 50Hz operating times (quadrilateral characteristic)
0.03
Operating
Time
(s)
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.01
Fault location (% of relay setting)
20 40 60 80 0 100
0.03
Operating
Time
(s)
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.01
Fault location (% of relay setting)
20 40 60 80 0 100
Source impedence
Relay setting
= 1
Minimum
Mean M
axim
um
Mean
Minimum
Maximum
Source impedence
Relay setting
= 30
0.03
Operating
Time
(s)
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.01
Fault location (% of relay setting)
20 40 60 80 0 100
Maximum
0.03
Operating
Time
(s)
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.01
Fault location (% of relay setting)
20 40 60 80 0 100
Source impedence
Relay setting
= 30
Source impedence
Relay setting
= 1
Maximum
Mean
Mean
Minimum
Minimum
0.03
Operating
Time
(s)
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.01
Fault location (% of relay setting)
20 40 60 80 0 100
M
a
x
im
u
m
M
ea
n
Minimum
Minimum
0.03
Operating
Time
(s)
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.01
Fault location (% of relay setting)
20 40 60 80 0 100
Source impedence
Relay setting
= 30
Source impedence
Relay setting
= 1
Maximum
Mean
12
Self-Monitoring and
Voltage Transformer
Fuse/MCB Supervision
Optimho has comprehensive
continuous self-monitoring. If a
failure occurs, an alarm is issued by
closing the relay inoperative alarm
contact and extinguishing the relay
available LED. Diagnostic
information is automatically
displayed if the failure is such that it
does not disable the main processor
and LCD.
Monitoring of the analogue circuits
includes (i) the dc supply and all
internal dc power supply rails, and
(ii) the ac supplies and internal
analogue voltage and current
circuits (the latter only if the model
of Optimho has voltage transformer
supervision).
The VT supervision logic can be set
to block relay operation in the event
of failure of a VT fuse. The VT
supervision logic can be selected
via the menu to self reset, or to
remain sealed in until the reset
button is pressed. All models have
an optically coupled isolator to
monitor the auxiliary contact of a
miniature circuit breaker if the VT
supplies are protected by an MCB
instead of fuses. Energising the
optical isolator blocks relay
operation.
Figure 13: 60Hz operating times (quadrilateral characteristic)
In addition, an optional external
device for monitoring 3 phase fuse
blow via the RELAY BLOCKED opto-
isolator is available.
Monitoring of the digital circuits
includes (i) bus communications
(ii) checking of RAM and EEPROM
and (iii) watchdog circuits for every
microcontroller. In the event of
failure, trip signals originating from
the affected part of the relay are
blocked.
In models with quadrilateral ground
fault characteristics, remedial action
is performed if the quadrilateral
measuring circuits fail.
The alternative shaped mho ground
fault measuring elements, located on
a different board, are automatically
brought into action to restore the
ground fault protection. On power
systems where most faults are
ground faults, this capability
considerably increases the overall
availability of the relay.
0.03
Operating
Time
(s)
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.01
Fault location (% of relay setting)
20 40 60 80 0 100
0.03
Operating
Time
(s)
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.01
Fault location (% of relay setting)
20 40 60 80 0 100
Source impedence
Relay setting
= 30
Source impedence
Relay setting
= 1
Minimum
Maximum
Mean
Maximum
Mean
Minimum
13
Contact Arrangements
Most models are pre-programed to
give a choice of at least two output
contact arrangements. One of these
is arranged to give direct access to
the relays measuring units via the
output relay contacts, so that a
customers existing protection
scheme can be operated in
conjunction with Optimho if
required. The other arrangements
take advantage of the Optimhos
own integral scheme logic.
Other Options
To be specified with order.
A facility to control the setting group
selected via five optical isolators is
available on all models.
A facility to control the setting group
selected via three optical isolators is
available on all models. Full scheme
options are provided and three
setting groups are available.
Selection Chart 1
START
Ground Fault Distance?
Yes
No
No
Either of the following:
*voltage transformer supervision?
*power swing blocking?
Yes
Any of the following:
*week infeed POR unblocking scheme?
*blocking scheme?
*back-up for reverse faults?
Yes No
LFZP 132
With DEF
OK for open-delta
Or 3limb VTs
Optional fault locaton
LFZP 131
With DEF
OK for open-delta
Or 3limb VTs
Optional fault locaton
Yes No
Quadrilateral ground
fault elements?
No
Any of the following?
*weak infeed POR/unblocking scheme?
*blocking scheme?
*backup for reverse faults?
*power swing blocking?
Yes
LFZP 121
Optional fault
location
Yes No
LFZP 112
Optional DEF.
Optional fault locator
LFZP 114
Optional DEF.
Optional fault locator
Any of the following:
*single pole tripping?
*permissive undereach scheme (PUR)?
*permisssive overreach Scheme (POR)?
*unblocking scheme?
*power swing blocking?
No
Quadrilateral ground
fault elements?
LFZP 111
Optional DEF.
Optional fault location
Yes No
Yes
In some models specified above, it will be necessary to disable unwanted zones
and facilities with settings on the menu.
LFZP 122
Optional fault
location
DEF Scheme? Go to
chart 2
Underground
cables?
No
Yes
14
Selection Chart 2
Selection Chart 3
In some models specified above, it will be necessary to disable unwanted zones
and facilities with settings on the menu.
START
Yes No
Go to chart 1
LFZP 113
Optional fault location
Optional DEF
LFZP 123
Optional fault location
No DEF
Yes No
Underground cables?
Any of the following?
*single pole tripping? * blocking scheme?
*PUR scheme? * power swing blocking?
*POR scheme? * capacitor voltage
*unblocking scheme? transformers?
START
Any of the following:
*single pole tripping?
*power swing blocking?
*DEF?
Either of the following:
*offset characteristic?
*power swing blocking?
LFZP 112
Optional DEF.
Optional fault
location
No
No
Yes
Yes No
Yes No
Offset characteristic
LFZP 151
No fault
location
LFZP 114
Optional DEF.
Optional fault
location
LFZP 122
Optional fault
location
Either of the following:
*offset characteristic?
*power swing blocking?
Yes
LFZP 131
with DEF.
Optional fault
location
LFZP 132
with DEF.
Optional fault
location
Offset characteristic?
No
Any of the following:
*ground fault distance?
*voltage transformer supervision?
*power swing blocking?
Single Zone Distance?
Yes
Go to chart 1
In some models specified above, it will be necessary to disable unwanted zones
and facilities with settings on the menu.
15
Figure 14: Case connection diagram for relay inputs
A
B C
Phase rotation
Direction of power flow for operation
P2 P1
S2
A
B
C
A B C
N
a b c
Fuses
or MCB
DEF current polarisation when required
S2
P1 P2
2A27 2A28
2A25 2A26
2B27 2B28
2B25 2B26
2B23 2B24
2B21 2B22
2A23 2A24
2A21 2A22
2A11 2A12
2A9 2A10
2A7 2A8
2A5 2A6
2A3 2A4
2A1 2A2
MMLG
Test block or
Equivalent
LFZP 111
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
15
16
17
18
27
28
+
2B13 2B14 2A13 2A14
2B9 2B10
2B7 2B8
2B1 2B2
2B5 2B6
2B11 2B12
2B3 2B4
15 70
19 74
3 58
11 66
78
7 62
23 82
A13
CRX
COX
RZ1X
CB AUX
MCB
IPD
R1
17
1
9
13
5
21
External resistor box
required for 220/250V
supply only
2A17
2B17
2A 18
2B18
49
77
DC supply
Signal receive
Channel out of service
Rest zone 1 extension
Breaker open
Relay blocked
Inhibit PSB, DEF, WI.
Reset indications
Signal send
51
2B20 2B 19
2A 20 2A 19
79
84
64
80
68
60
72
76
14 2A16 2A15 2B16 2B15

a
b
c
Fuses
or MCB
Alternative voltage
transformer connection
for LFZP 131 & 132
Test block LFZP
15
16
17
18
Any Trip
S1
Optoisolator inputs when required:
CRX Open contact from signalling channel
COX Close contact from signalling channel
RZIX Open contact from autoreclose relay
CBAUX Closed circuit breaker contacts connected
in series to indicate all poles open. Required
with busbar VT or if the weak infeed or echo
feature of POR scheme are required
MCB Closed contact from minature circuit breaker
required when no VT fuses are used
RI Open contact to reset visual indications
IPD Open contact from autoreclose relay
required with single phase tripping if PSB
or DEF options are used. Opto must be
energised during single pole dead times
For the unblocking mode of operation use CRX for
the unblock frequency (trip frequency) and RZIX
for the block frequency (guard frequency)
16
Technical Data
Ratings
AC voltage V
n
: 100 to 120V rms phase-phase
AC current I
n
: 1A or 5A rms per phase
Frequency f
n
: 50Hz or 60Hz
Operating frequency range: 47 to 51Hz or 56.4 to 61.2 Hz
DC Supply V
x
(1): For switched mode dc/ac/dc power
supply unit, available in three versions:
Nominal Operative Maximum
range withstand
48/54V 37.5 to 60V 64.8V
110/125V 87.5 to 137.5V 150V
220/250V 175 to 275V 300V
There is negligible change of accuracy with change of
voltage within the operative range of the relay.
DC supply Vx(2): For optically coupled isolators.
Supply options are the same as Vx(1).
External resistor box provided for 220/250V version
(see Figure 16).
Maximum overload ratings
AC voltage: 1.2V
n
for measuring accuracy
1.5V
n
continuous withstand
2.5V
n
withstand for 10s.
AC current: 2.4I
n
continuous withstand
100I
n
withstand for 1s (I
n
= 1A)
80I
n
withstand for 1s (I
n
= 5A)
Burdens
AC voltage circuits: 0.1 VA per phase at V
n
AC current circuits: 0.08 VA per phase (I
n
= 1A)
0.5 VA per phase (I
n
= 5A)
DC supply (1): 18W under healthy live line
conditions at V
x
(1) 28W maximum
DC supply (2): 10mA per energised optically
coupled isolator at V
x
(2).
Distance elements
Range of positive sequence settings referred to line VT and CT secondaries:
All employed zones except reverse Zone 3:
Overhead line models 0.2 to 250 (I
n
= 1A)
0.04 to 50 (I
n
= 5A)
Underground cable models 0.1 to 125 (I
n
= 1A)
0.02 to 25 (I
n
= 5A)
Reverse Zone 3
Overhead line models 0.04 to 250 (I
n
= 1A)
0.008 to 50 (I
n
= 5A)
Underground cable models 0.02 to 125 (I
n
= 1A)
and LFZP 151 0.004 to 25 (I
n
= 5A)
17
Reach setting method is by digitally controlled analogue attenuators.
Attenuation factors KZPh and KZN operate on current signals and are
common to all zones.
Attenuation factors KZ1, KZ1X, KZ1Y, KZ2, KZ3 and KZ3 operate on
voltage signals and are specific to Zone 1, Zone 1X, Zone 1Y, Zone 2,
Zone 3 forward and Zone 3 reverse respectively. The positive sequence
reach for Zone 1 is given by:
Zone 1 = KZ1. KZPh.5/I
n
for overhead line models.
Zone 1 = KZ1. KZPh. 5/2I
n
for underground cable models.
Either KZ1 or KZPh is set to 1.000. To obtain the formula for each of the
other zones employed, replace KZ1 by the appropriate attenuation factor for
the zone.
Extra settings for ground fault distance:
Residual compensation factor:
KZN
=
Z
L0
Z
L1
KZPh 3Z
L1
Where Z
L0
and Z
L1
are the phasor values of zero and positive sequence
impedance of the protected line.
Quadrilateral resistive reach settings:
Right hand reach = KR.5/I
n
Left-hand reach = KR.6/I
n
(LFZP 111)
Left-hand reach = KR.5/I
n
(LFZP 121)
Range of factors: KZPh 0.040 to 1.000 in steps of 0.001
KZN 0.000 to 1.360 in steps of 0.001
KZ1
KZ1X
KZ1Y 1.00 to 49.98 steps of 0.02
KZ2
KZ3
KZ3 0.2 to 49.9 in steps of 0.1
KR 1 to 30 in steps of 1
Range of setting of Zone 3 lenticular aspect ratio:
a/b = 1.00, 0.67 or 0.41
Characteristic angle settings:
Ph = arg Z
L1
to nearest available setting.
Ph = 50 to 85 in 5 steps (overhead line models)
Ph = 45 to 80 in 5 steps (LFZP 113 only)
Ph = 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60 or 70
(LFZP 123 only)
Vectorial residual compensation for ground fault distance:
N = arg (Z
L0
Z
L1
) to nearest available setting
N = 50 to 85 in 5 steps (overhead line models)
N = 45, 35 and 25 to 80 in 5 steps
(LFZP 113 and 123 only)
Note: LFZP 113 is not designed to be used with a ground fault loop setting
(2Z
L1
+ Z
L0
) /3 with an argument less than 30.
18
Minimum operating values of the distance measuring elements for
all types of fault:
Voltage: zero
Current: 0.05I
n
/KZPh.
Accuracy: Reach: 5% at 2I
n
and 20C
Dynamic range: up to 25I
n
for fault
locator and instrumentation up to
56I
n
for distance protection
Characteristic angle: 2
Resetting ratio: 105%
Timer ranges: Zone 1X timer
Zone 1Y timer each timer 0.10s to 9.98s
Zone 2 timer in steps of 0.02s
Zone 3 timer
Scheme co-ordination timers used in permissive
overreach, unblocking and blocking schemes:
TP
TD 0 to 98ms in steps of 2ms
TDW
Timer accuracy: 1% of setting and 3ms.
Operating time: Typical relay operating times for Zone 1 are shown in
Figures 10 to 13.
Mho characteristic (type m, f or c) 50Hz minimum: 14ms
typical: 18ms
60Hz minimum: 12ms
typical: 16ms
Quadrilateral characteristic (type q) 50Hz minimum: 16ms
typical: 23ms
60Hz minimum: 15ms
typical: 20ms
Reset time: The trip contacts are sealed in for 60ms following the
initial contact closure. Thereafter, the maximum reset
time is 35ms.
Power swing blocking
Power swing detected by transit time of impedance between Zone 6 and
either Zone 2 or Zone 3 as selected. Zone 6 is offset mho or offset lenticular,
with the same range of forward and reverse reach settings and aspect ratios
as Zone 3.
Zone 6 timer range: 20ms to 90ms in steps of 5ms
Power swing detection regimes:
(i) detection disabled.
(ii) detection indicated only.
(iii) indication plus blocking of any one or more
selected zones.
Blocking disabled if a ground fault or (if DEF fitted) a phase fault occurs
during a power swing.
19
Directional earth fault
Directional measuring elements: one forward-looking, one reverse-looking:
Current sensitivity determined by current level detector:
0.05I
n
to 0.80I
n
in steps of 0.05I
n
Sensitivity of polarising quantity is 1V residual voltage of
1.5% polarising current, as appropriate, depending upon
the type of polarising selected.
Characteristic angle G = 10 to 80 in 10 steps.
Instantaneous trip (available only if no Zone 1 ground fault distance
elements fit):
Setting range: 0.2I
n
to 30I
n
in steps of 0.05I
n
Accuracy: 5% at f
n
, 20C
Aided tripping
scheme: Scheme co-ordination timers:
TPG
0 to 98ms in steps of 2ms
TDG
High set current level detector 0.05I
n
to 0.80I
n
in steps of 0.05I
n
Time delay trip: Setting I
s
= 0.05I
n
to 1.20I
n
in steps of 0.05I
n
Time curves: eight curves and three definite time ranges
shown in Figure 9.
Time multiplier: *t = 0.025 to 1.000 in steps of 0.025
Accuracy at f
n
, 20C, *t = 1, I
s
= 0.05I
n
to 0.80I
n
:
Current: +10% 0%
Operating time: definite time 3% over 1.3I
s
to 31I
s
curves 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 5% over 2I
s
to 31I
s
curve 3 7.5% over 2I
s
to 20I
s
Fault location and instrumentation
Fault location positive sequence settings referred to line VT and CT
secondaries:
Range: 0.2 to 200 (I
n
= 1A)
0.1 to 100 (I
n
= 1A) (113/123)
0.04 to 40 (I
n
= 5A)
0.02 to 20 (I
n
= 5A) (113/123)
Setting: Zone F = KZF. KZPh.5/I
n
for overhead line models.
Zone F = KZF. KZPh.5/2I
n
for underground cable models.
KZPh and residual compensation are common to the distance measuring
elements.
KZF range: 1.00 to 40.00 in steps of 0.01.
Line length setting (in miles or km or %)
0.00 to 99.99 in steps of 0.01
100.0 to 999.9 in steps of 0.1
KZM and M are provided for mutually compensating the fault locator if
required:
KZM range: 0.0 to 1.36 in steps of 0.001
M range: 50 to 85 in steps of 5
Accuracy 2% at 2I
n
, f
n
, 20C.
Settings to allow for transformer ratios for instrumentation functions:
CT ratio: 1:1 or 10 to 5000: 1 in 10:1 steps
VT ratio: 1:1 or 10 to 9990: 1 in 10:1 steps
20
Block or enable reclose logic
A normally-open or normally-closed contact is supplied on most models to
block or enable reclose respectively.
The menu allows the following choices of logic:
Reclose blocked or enabled on:
Zone 1 or aided trip caused by 2 or 3 phase fault
Zone 1 or aided trip cased by 3 phase fault
Zone 1X and/or Zone 1Y and/or Zone 2 time
delayed trip
Channel out of service
DEF instantaneous and/or aided trip and/or delayed trip.
Voltage transformer (fuse fail) supervision
The voltage transformer supervision (VTS) operates when zero sequence
voltage is detected without the presence of zero sequence current, by means
of the low set neutral level detector. The VTS does not limit the distance relay
current sensitivity or operating times for line faults even when the VTS is set to
block relay tripping.
Nominal Vo detector setting 9.5V
The blocking action of the VTS on distance comparators can be removed by
menu selection via the user interface.
Switch-on to fault logic
Menu choices allow instantaneous trip and alarm and indication for faults
occurring on line energisation, whether bus or line voltage transformers are
used:
SOTF enabled either 0.2s or 110s after line de-energised
(110s prevents SOTF action on auto-reclosure).
SOTF trip via measuring elements.
SOTF trip via current and voltage level detectors.
Output contacts
Some of the available arrangements are shown in Table 1.
Ratings:
Make and carry 0.2s 7500VA subject to a maxima
of 30A, 300V, ac or dc.
Carry continuously 5A ac or dc.
Break ac: 1250VA
dc: 50W resistive
25W L/R = 0.04s
Subject to a maxima of 5A
and 300V
Durability
Loaded contact 10,000 operations minimum
Unloaded contact 100,000 operations minimum
21
High voltage withstand
Dielectric withstand
IEC 60255-5:1977 2kV rms for 1 minute between all
ANSI C37.90:1978 terminals and case earth.
2kV rms for 1 minute between
terminals of independent circuits,
with terminals on each independent
circuit connected together.
1.5kV rms for 1 minute across
normally open contacts
High voltage impulse
IEC 60255-5:1977 Three positive and three negative
impulses of 5kV peak, 1.2/50s,
0.5J between all terminals and all
terminals and case earth.
Insulation resistance
IEC 60255-5:1977 >100M when measured at
500V dc
Electrical environment
DC supply interruption
IEC 60255-11:1979 10ms interruption in the auxiliary
supply under normal operating
conditions, without de-energising.
High frequency disturbance
IEC 60255-22-1:1988 Class III 2.5kV peak between independent
circuits and between independent
circuits and case earth.
1.0kV peak across terminals of the
same circuit.
Electrostatic discharge
IEC 60255-22-2:1996 Class 3 8.0kV discharge in air with cover
in place
6.0kV contact discharge with
cover removed.
Fast transient disturbance
IEC 60255-22-4:1992 Class IV 4.0kV, 2.5kHz applied directly to
auxiliary supply
4.0kV, 2.5kHz applied directly to
all inputs
Radio frequency interference
EMC compliances Compliance to the European
89/336/EEC Commission Directive on EMC is
EN50081-2:1994 claimed via the Technical
EN50082-2:1995 Construction File route.
Generic Standards were used to
establish conformity.
22
Atmospheric environment
Temperature
IEC 60255-6:1988 Storage and transit 25C to +70C
Operating 25C to +55C
IEC 60068-2-1:1990 Cold
IEC 60068-2-2:1974 Dry Heat
Humidity
IEC 60068-2-3:1969 56 days at 93% RH and 40C
Enclosure protection
IEC 60529:1989 IP50 (dust protected)
Mechanical environment
Vibration
IEC 60255-21-1:1988 Response Class 1
Seismic
IEC 60255-21-3:1993 Class 1
23
Table 1. Standard output contact case terminal connections
Terminal LFZP 111, 112, 113, 114(Note 1) LFZP 121, 122, 123 LFZP 131,132 LFZP 151
29-31 RIA 97Y RIA 97Y RIA 97Y RIA 97Y
29-33 VTS 97X VTS 97X Def Trip 67N VTS 97X
29-35 Dist Trip 21 Z Z1 Dist Trip 21 Trip 94T
37-39 Trip A 94A Trip 94T Trip 94T Trip 94T
41-43 Trip B 94B Trip 94T Trip 94T Trip 94T
45-47 Trip C 94C Trip 94T Trip 94T Trip 94T
49-51 Signal Send 85X Signal Send 85X Signal Send 85X Any Trip 94
53-55 SOTF 98 SOTF 98 SOTF 98 Start 99
30-32 Time delayed 21/67N(T) Z1X + Z1Y(T) Z1X/Z1Y(T) Z1X + Z1Y + Z2(T) Z1X/Z1Y/Z2(T) (Note 2)
30-34 DEF Trip 67N Z2(T) Z2(T) Z3(T) Z3(T) (Note 3)
30-36 Aided Trip 94Y Z3(T) Z3(T) Def(T) 67N(T)
38-40 Trip A 94A Aided Trip 94Y Aided Trip 94Y
42-44 Trip B 94B Trip 94T Any Trip 94
46-48 Trip C 94C Any Trip 94 Signal Stop 85Y (Note 4)
50-52 Bar 96 Bar 96 Bar 96
54-56 Start 99 Start 99 Start 99
57-59 Trip A 94A
57-61 Trip B 94B
57-63 Trip C 94C
65-67 Trip A 94A
69-71 Trip B 94B
73-75 Trip C 94C
77-79 Any Trip 94
81-83 PSB 95
Notes:
1. When 3 phase tripping scheme is used,
94A, 94B, 94C and 94 all respond as 94T.
2. Z1X/Z1Y(T) in LFZP 132.
3. Z2(T) in LFZP 132.
4. Trip 94T in LFZP 132.
Key to contact functions.
97Y Relay inoperative alarm. 94Y Aided trip.
97X Voltage transformer supervision 94 Any trip
95 Power swing blocking. 94A Trip pole A of breaker.
21 Distance trip. 94B Trip pole B of breaker.
67N DEF trip. 94C Trip pole C of breaker.
98 Switch on to fault trip. 94T Trip all poles of breaker.
Z1 Zone 1 trip. 96 Block autoreclose.
Z1X(T) Zone 1X time delay trip. 85X Signal send.
Z1Y(T) Zone 1Y time delay trip. 85Y Signal stop.
Z2(T) Zone 2 time delay trip. 99 DEF element operated (forward or reverse)
21/67N(T) Any time delay trip.
or any Zone 1, 2 or 3 element.
24
Figure 15a: Arrangement and outline: Optimho panel mounting vertical
Figure 15b: Arrangement and outline: Optimho panel mounting horizontal
T.B.
T.B.
T.B.
25 way 'D' connector detail
14
13
25
1
Terminal block detail
2
27
28 28 way max
Each way accepting:-
2M4 Ring terminals
or
24,8 x 0,8
Snap-on terminals
or
1 Ring+
1 Snap-on terminal
1
414.00
177.00
Hinged
panel
Rear view
25 way 'D'
connector
Power supply
M4 earth
connections
Board
Ref
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
7
or
or
Description
Opto isolator
Output relay
Output relay
Output relay
Assy fault locator module
3 Zone gnd fault quad
See below
Level detector
Directional earth fault
1 Zone offset lenticular
Processor
AC input 2
AC input 1
2 Zone mho ph & gnd
1 Zone mho reversible
Zone 3 ph (2 channel)
Board No.
ZJ0133
ZJ0140 003
ZJ0140 001
ZJ0140 002
GJ0277 000
ZJ0132
ZJ0136
ZJ0139
ZJ0131
ZJ0138
ZJ0135
ZJ0134
ZJ0130
ZJ0146
ZJ0129
1
2
3
4
Input/
Output
Processing
AC
input
Front view
12
13
29
56
57
84
411.00 362.60
24.20
159.00
168.00
Panel cut-out detail
4 Holes
4,4
10.00
312.00
32.00
157.00
Bottom view
Front view
11
10
9 7 5
8 6
Ribbon cable
25 way 'D' connector detail
14
13 25
1
Terminal block detail
2
27 28
28 way max
Each way accepting:-
2M4 Ring terminals
or
24,8 x 0,8
Snap-on terminals
or
1 Ring+
1 Snap-on terminal
1
T.B.
T.B. T.B.
414.00
177.00
(4U)
Hinged panel
Front view
32.00 312.00
10.00
157.00
Side view
Rear view
25 way 'D'
connector
Power supply
M4 earth connection
Board
Ref
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
7
or
or
Description
Opto isolator
Output relay
Output relay
Output relay
Assy fault locator module
3 Zone gnd fault quad
See below
Level detector
Directional earth fault
1 Zone offset lenticular
Processor
AC input 2
AC input 1
2 Zone mho ph & gnd
1 Zone mho reversible
Zone 3 ph (2 channel)
Board No.
ZJ0133
ZJ0140 003
ZJ0140 001
ZJ0140 002
GJ0277 000
ZJ0132
ZJ0136
ZJ0139
ZJ0131
ZJ0138
ZJ0135
ZJ0134
ZJ0130
ZJ0146
ZJ0129
1 2 3 4
Input/
Output
Processing AC
Input
Front view (panel removed)
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
29
56
57
84
411.00
362.60 24.20
159.00 168.00
Panel cut-out detail
4 Holes 4,4
Ribbon
cable
25
Figure 15c: Arrangement and outline: Optimho rack mounting
Figure 16: Outline - external component box
25 way 'D' connector detail
14
13 25
1
Terminal block detail
2
27 28
28 way max
Each way accepting:-
2M4 Ring terminals
or
24,8 x 0,8
Snap-on terminals
or
1 Ring+
1 Snap-on terminal
1
T.B. T.B. T.B.
483.00
465.10
177.00
(4U)
Hinged panel
Front view
101.60
37.70
34.00 312.00
10.00
157.00
Side view
Fixing slot
10,6 long x 7 wide
1 2 3 4
Input/
Output
Processing AC
input
Front view (panel removed) Rear view
25 way 'D'
connector
Power supply
M4 earth connection
Board
Ref
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
7
or
or
Description
Opto isolator
Output relay
Output relay
Output relay
Assy fault locator module
3 Zone gnd fault quad
See below
Level detector
Directional earth fault
1 Zone offset lenticular
Processor
AC input 2
AC input 1
2 Zone mho ph & gnd
1 Zone mho reversible
Zone 3 ph (2 channel)
Board No.
ZJ0133
ZJ0140 003
ZJ0140 001
ZJ0140 002
GJ0277 000
ZJ0132
ZJ0136
ZJ0139
ZJ0165
ZJ0138
ZJ0135
ZJ0134
ZJ0130
ZJ0146
ZJ0129
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
28 way max
Each way accepting:
2 - M4 ring terminals
or
2 - 4,8 x 0,8 Snap-on terminals
or
1 - Ring + 1 - Snap-on terminal
M4 earth connection
155
2
27 28
Perforated cover
Channel used when
mounted in Midos
scheme. (See note)
120
M4 tapped panel fixing holes
screws not provided
10
121
15
36.3
Terminal screws: M4 x 8 brass cheese head
with lockwashers are provided
Note: Where the box is to be fitted into a
Midos scheme it should be positioned
between relays, not at a tier end.
Rack mounting schemes require the
addition of joining strips and spacers.
26
Cases
The relay is housed in a multi-
module Midos case suitable for rack
or panel mounting, as shown in
Figure 15.
Weight: 15kg.
Other Information
An LFZP accessory kit is available to
facilitate commissioning and test.
27
Information Required
with Order
LFZP model required (see Summary
Chart page 3)
Whether DEF required (if optional
for model selected)
Whether fault location required
(if optional for model selected)
Nominal current rating I
n
: 1A or 5A
Frequency f
n
: 50Hz or 60Hz
Voltage of dc supply V
x
(1):
48/54V, 110/125V or 220/250V
Voltage of dc supply Vx(2):
48/54V, 110/125V or 220/250V
Mounting arrangements: rack, panel
horizontal, panel vertical, semi
projection
Whether the block auto-reclose
contact 961 is to be a normally-
open or normally-closed contact
Whether the signal send contact
85X-1 is to be a normally-open or
normally-closed contact
Advice is available when the
information requested above is
difficult to specify
Requests for advice should include:
current and voltage transformer
ratios
positive and zero sequence
impedances of the protected
feeder or full details of the feeder
lengths and construction
source impedances or fault levels
for both minimum and maximum
plant conditions
St Leonards Works, Stafford, ST17 4LX England
Tel: 44 (0) 1785 223251 Fax: 44 (0) 1785 212232 Email: pcs.enquiries@tde.alstom.com Internet: www.alstom.com
1999 ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd
Our policy is one of continuous development. Accordingly the design of our products may change at any time. Whilst every effort is made to produce up to date literature, this brochure should
only be regarded as a guide and is intended for information purposes only. Its contents do not constitute an offer for sale or advice on the application of any product referred to in it.
ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd cannot be held responsible for any reliance on any decisions taken on its contents without specific advice.
Publication R4056R 039920 CPS Printed in England.
ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd