STUDY OUTLINES ON ROMANS

By Revd Dr. Ifechukwu U. Ibeme

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION TO THE EPISTLES TO ROMANS
Chapter 1: All Gentiles Unrighteous Without Law
Chapter 2: The Jews Unrighteous Under The Law
Chapter 3: Righteousness Only By Faith
Chapter 4: Abraham’s Righteousness By Faith
Chapter 5: The Blessedness Of Righteousness By Faith
Chapter 6: The Holiness Of Righteousness By Faith
Chapter 7: The Bondage Of the Law Of Sin And Death
Chapter 8: The Law Of The Spirit Unto Life
Chapters 9,10,11 (Intro): The Mystery Of God’s Righteous Sovereignty
Chapter 9: God’s Sovereign Choice By Grace
Chapter 10: Israel’s Faithless Zeal
Chapter 11: The Mystery Of God’s Purpose
Chapter 12: Righteous Way Of Life
Chapter 13: Righteousness In The Society
Chapter 14: Righteous Principles Of Liberty
Chapter 15: Righteous Plans For Missions
Chapter 16: Righteous Greetings And Commendations

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INTRODUCTION TO PAUL’S EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS

Saint Paul wrote the Epistle to the Romans while he was at Corinth during his Third
Missionary Journey in AD 58 and sent it through Phoebe, a Deaconess of the Church of
Cenchrea, who was traveling to Rome for some business.

The city of Rome was the capital city of the Roman Empire. In the ancient world, cities
were usually founded on or rooted in ancestry, idolatry, conquest, commerce or imperial
power. Rome had all these put together. But among the Abrahamic patriarchs, cities
were founded on or rooted in godliness.

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 In this Epistle to the Romans, Saint Paul the Apostle set out to systematically present
the Apostolic Gospel of salvation in Christ as he had received it from Christ and in
relationship with the human condition and the Old Testament Scripture. Romans is the
longest epistle by Paul and his most systematic work. So, it is placed first in the New
Testament before other of his epistles. As a systematic work the Epistle to the Romans is
best understood whole, not in parts as is often done by many Christians.

Holistic study of the Epistle to the Romans (and all other Apostolic Epistles in the
New Testament e.g. Rom 10:1-13; Heb 9:6-28; Jas 2:17-26) reveals two types of
Justifications to Righteousness which could be categorized as follows:
1. Own or Attained Justification/Righteousness NOT UNTO Redemptive
SALVATION FROM SIN (Rom 10:3) but only for Reward of blessings. Own
Righteousness is Established by Worth of one’s Works of Meritorious conduct
(Jas 2:17-26) –
a. UNSAVED fading righteousness NATURALLY attained under the Law as
filthy rags (Isa 64:6), or
b. SAVED unfading righteousness SUPERNATURALLY attained under
Grace as white linen (Rev 19:8).
2. Gift or Obtained Justification/Righteousness UNTO Redemptive SALVATION
FROM SIN (Rom 10:3-4) and also Reward of inheritance – either Temporal
redemption and Promised Land inheritance for Israel, or Eternal Redemption and
Heavenly Bliss Inheritance for the Church. Gift Righteousness must be Received
by Faith in another’s Works of Mediatorial cleansing –
a. physically obtained under Moses’s Law and TEMPORARILY mediated by
Priest’s repeated atoning works (Heb 9:6-22), and declared by Prince’s
judicial vindicating works (Deut 25:1), but this Physical/Temporal
Justification only stands before humans and cannot stand

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 Spiritually/Eternally before God (Job 9:2; Job 25:4; Psa 143:2; 1Cor 4:4;
Gal 3:11), or
b. spiritually obtained under Christ’s Gospel and ETERNALLY mediated by
Christ’s finished atoning work (Rom 10:1-13; Heb 9:23-28).

In this Epistle to the Romans, Saint Paul set out to expound the infallible APOSTLES'
DOCTRINE which they received from Christ on:
1. Sin's bondage on all humanity for Jews and Greek alike 1-3,
2. Salvation mystery for all humanity for whosoever believes 4-11,
3. Sanctified life of saved sinners 12-15, and
4. Salutations to the saints in Rome 16.

In this study outline, the theme is THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH.

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THEME: THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH

TOPIC: ALL GENTILES UNRIGHTEOUS WITHOUT LAW

TEXT: ROMANS 1

INTRODUCTION

In verse 1 to 15, Paul made a long introduction, which summarized his

whole life mission. He saw himself not only as an APOSTLE (i.e. a SENT
MISSIONER) but also a bond-servant (i.e. a slave or minister) in relation to
Christ and the Gospel. He had no doubt Christ is the Son of God. His assurance
is based on the vindication of Christ by the Holy Spirit, through the fulfillment of
prophetic Scriptures and the power of Resurrection (1:2-4). Firstly Paul
understood that his apostleship was to bring all nations to be obedient to God by
believing in Christ (1:5; 16:26). This was to be done by preaching (15:18). All
those who obey by believing, receive Saving-Grace, Love and Peace from God
through Christ; and so become Saints unto God (1:6,7). Secondly Paul
understood that his service included praying for Christians (1:9) and visiting the
brethren to encourage them in the Faith, no matter how far away they may be,
no matter the tribe they may come from (1:10-15).

Next Paul states the central theme of the gospel to all without fear of
contradiction or criticism. This says, “the gospel message is that through the
power of God, salvation is freely given to all who believe in Christ” (1:16). Again
the gospel of Christ reveals that we can only receive God’s righteousness (i.e.
be justified) by faith and live righteously only by faith? (1:17).

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 He then began to give a revelation of God’s wrath (anger) against the
unrighteousness of the whole lawless Gentiles (1:18-32). Though the Gentiles
have no law, yet they have common sense enough to understand God through
the visible creation (1:19,20). Though they knew God, yet they foolishly chose to
worship other things rather than God. This led to God rejecting them as guilty
and unrighteous (1:21-25). Being thus rejected, they became overtaken by evil
desires to work more unrighteousness (1:26-32).

DISCUSSIONS

1. What do we learn from Paul’s righteous attitudes as seen in verse 9,13

and 15?

2. To gain salivation or eternal life is to gain God’s righteousness by His

enabling grace. How do we receive this salvation? (1:16,17).

3. What is FAITH (Heb. 11:1-4; Romans 4:18-22)? What then does it mean
to believe in Christ? (John 11:27; 1 John 5. 1,4; 2 Corinthians 4:13;
Romans 10:10)

4. Why did God hand the Gentiles over to uncleanness? (1:20-25)

5. Give examples of the unrighteous fruits of the reprobate mind in our day
as mentioned in verses 26 to 32.

CONCLUSION

All Gentiles are guilty without excuse (1:20b)

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For the invisible things of him since the creation of the world are clearly seen, being
perceived through the things that are made, even his everlasting power and divinity; that
they may be without excuse:

(Rom 1:20)

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THEME: THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH

TOPIC: THE JEWS UNRIGHTEOUS UNDER THE LAW

TEXT: ROMANS 2

INTRODUCTION

After unfolding the wrath of God against the vile minded and debased
Gentiles in Chapter One, Paul now turns to the Jewish legalists who judge
actions by the Law (2:17-20) and the Gentile Moralists who judge actions by
their conscience and by their standard societal norms (2:14,15). The moralist
Gentiles, in a way are under law like the legalist Jews.

While the debased Gentiles approve those who practice evil (1:32), the
moralist Gentile and the legalist Jew judge those who practice evil (2:1). But
both those who approve evil and those who judge and condemn evil, all, do
commit the same evil. (1:32; 2:1,3). So both are hard-hearted and impenitent
and therefore are under God’s wrath (2:5), for God is not a respecter of persons
(2:11-13).

God will judge all men, including the Jews, ACCORDING TO THEIR DEEDS
(2:6) by the standards of His righteous judgement in Christ Jesus (2:16). God
will justify only the DOERS not the preachers, hearers and approvers of the
excellency of the law (2:6-13; 17-24). So then outward signs and visible
ceremonies will not save us (2:25-27). Only the inward circumcision of the
heart, which is the new creation by the Holy Spirit, will produce in us, a life of
PRAISE TO GOD (2:28, 29; Gal 6:14-16).

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NOTE: JUDAH = God be praised; JEW = Praiser of God

DISCUSSIONS

1. What should the patience and goodness of God produce in us? How? (2
Cor. 7:9-11; John 16:7,8,13).

2. What will be the result of God’s righteous Judgement on believers (2:7,10)

and unbelievers (2:8,9,11-13)?

3. How would you escape the wrath of God on the day of judgement?
(2:13,16).

4. Compare our lives with those of the Jews described in verse 17:22.

5. What must you learn from the rebuke in verse 23 and 24?

6. Who are those truly circumcised, or the true Jew (2:28, 29; Phil. 3:3)?

CONCLUSION

Are you known to be a believer? Then, examine yourself if there be any way the
name of the Lord is blasphemed amongst unbelievers through your life (2:24).
Repent therefore and receive forgiveness and new life through faith in Christ
alone. Then your life shall bring PRAISE TO GOD.

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THEME: THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH

TOPIC: RIGHTEOUSNESS ONLY BY FAITH

TEXT: ROMANS 3

INTRODUCTION

Here Paul concludes the point he raised in Chapter 1:18 that ALL
HUMANS (Jews and Gentiles, religious and irreligious, under the law and
without law), are unrighteous without excuses before God (3:9). But first, Paul
answers the questions, which the message raises in the minds of people (3:1-8).
Find out the questions, below are the answers: -

(a) That the Jews (and the religious) who know about the law have some
advantage (3:12), yet they are not righteous (3:19,20). This is proved with
the Old Testament itself (3:10-18).

(b) That the unfaithfulness of the Jews cannot make their God unfaithful
(3:3,4).

(c) That God is a JUST judge. Therefore, even though our unrighteousness
brings out God’s righteousness and our unfaithfulness and brings out
God’s faithfulness, yet the sinner deserves God’s condemnation (3:5-8).

Having shown God’s WRATH against all unrighteousness (1:18), Paul

now shows God’s GRACE unto justification for the unrighteous: That the
righteousness which comes from GOD is received ONLY through FAITH in

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Christ, by operation of God’s GRACE (3:22-26): in accordance with the Old
Testament (Law and Prophets) 3:21. (This is because only Christ’s blood is
sufficient to both remove God’s wrath and cover man’s sins =
ATONEMENT; Christ’s death was the substitute for the penalty of our sin
and so, He paid the price to buy us back to eternal life = REDEMPTION).
This is the GOODNEWS (GOSPEL).

Christ is for ALL, both Jews and Gentiles (3:29). Faith works for all both
the circumcision and the uncircumcision (3:30). Therefore, to be JUSTIFIED (i.e.
Receive righteousness from God), one must come BELIEVING in Christ alone,
so that no one should boast (3:27,28).

DISCUSSIONS

1. Why does he religious (Church-going) unbeliever have more dvantage

than the irreligious unbelievers? (3:12) Could such religious church-
goers be saved without believing (3:20,28)

2. What to revelations of God have we learned so far (1:18;3:20,22).

3. What is the central theme of the Gospel? (Acts 10:43; Act 16:31; John
1:12) Give other Bible quotations that present this theme.

4. Does this means we believe and continue in sin? (3:8; Eph. 2:8-10; Jas
2:17-20).

CONCLUSION

Believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, and then you shall be saved.

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THEME: THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH

TOPIC: ABRAHAM’S RIGHTEOUSNESS BY FAITH

TEXT: ROMANS 4

INTRODUCTION

After showing that the Old Testament teaching was, “Righteousness by

Faith” and NEVER by works of the Law (5:21) and explaining that the Law came
in order to convict us of sin (3:20), Paul now goes on to give a final proof with
the experience of father Abraham. God’s dealing with Abraham is summarized in
4:3,22 (see Gen. 15:6). This shows that salvation depends NOT on MAN’S
works or works of the Law but on GOD’S grace working through faith in God’s
promises. Salvation by works would be a PAYMENT of debt, while salvation by
faith is a FREE GIFT of grace (4:4,5; 11:6). However, God is not a debtor to
anyone (11:35): He is only a gracious giver, independent of works of the law as
David said (4:7,8; Ps. 32.1,2).

Abraham’s righteousness was not only independent of works, but was

also independent of circumcision. His circumcision came ten full years after
he had been justified by faith (4:9,10; Gen. 17:10). Therefore, righteousness by
faith is both for the circumcised and the uncircumcised (4:11,12). Abraham’s
righteousness by faith came 400 years before the Law and therefore was
independent of the Law too. (4:12-15; Gal. 3:17).

Paul then concludes this proof: God freely gave the promise to Abraham
according to the operation of His grace (4:16); Abraham believed the Almighty
God who has promised (4:17-21); therefore God imputed His righteousness to
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the faithful Abraham (4:22). This same principle applies to ALL in Christ Jesus
(4:3-25), in whom we are justified through faith.

DISCUSSIONS

1. “FAITH moves into the unknown with God alone, taking Him at His word
alone.” What does this means? Does this describe your own faith?

2. Why is it important to us Gentiles that justification should depend on faith

and not on the Law? (4:14,16).

3. What four main characteristics of Abraham’s faith could you identify from
4:13-25? How far are they true in your own faith? (Faith is UNTO God’s
faithful promises, AGAINST impossible circumstance, UPON God’s mighty
power and ACCORDING TO God’s Word).

4. What faithful promises do we have in Christ? (e.g. Acts :38;39; John 1:12
and 3:16-18 and 20:31).

CONCLUSION

If you believe in God and believe that He raised Jesus from the deed to be your
Lord and Saviour, you shall be saved (i.e. made righteous by God) Rom.10: 9.

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THEME: THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH

TOPIC: THE BLESSEDNESS OF RIGHTEOUSNESS BY FAITH

TEXT: ROMANS 5

INTRODUCTION

When God justifies us through our faith in Christ, we begin to enjoy a lot of
spiritual blessings (4:7-9; Eph. 1:3). First, we are reconciled back to God
(5:1,10,11), and have the joyful hope of regaining all our lost glory (5:2; 3:23; Col
1:27).

In fact, our glory even starts now in the midst of tribulation (5:3,4; 2 Cor.
3:18). All these are because through faith in Christ, an entrance is opened to us
to come into God’s grace (15:2) and the Holy Spirit of love and hope is given to
us to indwell our hearts (5:5) when we believe (Eph. 1:13,14).

Christ’s death for sinners is the greatest demonstration of God’s love (5:6-
8; John 3:16 and 15:13). If God could justify us through Christ’s death when we
were enemies of God under wrath, then He will more certainly save us through
Christ’s life now that we have been reconciled to Him (5:9,10). Therefore, our
blessedness in Christ is very sure. Amen.

But are we sure that God would accept one man’s death in substitute to all
men? Are we not individually responsible to save ourselves through the law?
Paul answers with another Old Testament example – Adam. In Adam all men
sinned for we were all in Adam when he disobeyed God and sinned; the proof of
this is that all men die (5:12). The fall was over 2000 years before the Law,
which was given not to justify us but to convict us of our sinfulness both by
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‘adamic’ inheritance and by our own actions or transgressions (3:20; 5:13,14).
So if God judged and condemned the whole world to death through Adam’s
disobedience and offence, then He would surely and likewise, justify and save
the whole world to life through Christ’s obedience and gift of righteousness
(5:14-19). Again the grace of Christ countered the aggravating effect of the Law
(5:20,21). Praise God.

DISCUSSIONS

1. What does justification mean? Compare it with condemnation.

2. Mention some specific blessings that go with justification by Faith (5:1-

5).

3. How could you demonstrate your love to Christ, in life and in death?
(5:6-8; Phil 1:19-21; Gal. 2:20).

4. How do we REIGN IN LIFE through Christ? (5:17).

5. Do verses 19-21 teach that we should continue in sin so that grace

may abound? (Gal. 2:16-18).

MEMORY VERSE: Romans Chapter 5 verses 1 and 2.

Being therefore justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ;
through whom also we have had our access by faith into this grace wherein we stand;
and we rejoice in hope of the glory of God.

(Rom 5:1-2)

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THEME: THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH

TOPIC: THE HOLINESS OF RIGHTEOUSNESS BY FAITH

TEXT: ROMANS 6

INTRODUCTION

By our baptism (with water and Spirit) into Christ, we were united with Him
in His death on the cross (6:3) and therefore in His burial in the tomb as well as
His resurrection to new life (6:3-6).

Christ having died to sin once and for all has now resurrected to die no
more (6:9,10). We who are united with Christ by baptism should be dead
(unresponsive) to sin and become permanently alive and responsive to God in
holiness and righteousness (6:11-14). We can do this by drawing from God’s
grace through the Holy Spirit.

Remember also that baptism is the “WASHING OF NEW BIRTH unto

NEW LIFE BY THE HOLY SPIRIT” (Tit 3:5). So, to be BAPTIZED WITH water
and the Spirit into Christ (I or. 12:13) is to be BORN AGAIN OF water and the
Spirit into the kingdom life of righteousness and holiness (John 3:5).

Man is a slave. His/her members (Spirit, Soul, Body) are his/her

instruments of service. How he/she serves reveals who his/her master is (6:16).
The first birth (of Flesh) gives the human the bias to serve sin (original sin) and
exclusion from holiness. The Second birth (of the Spirit) gives him/her the power
to serve righteousness and freedom from sin (6:17-22). If we serve sin, we suffer
death; but if we serve Christ through the obedience of faith, we enjoy the
gracious gift of eternal life (6:23).
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DISCUSSION

1. What should baptism mean to those who are in Christ? (6:11-14).

2. Differentiate between resurrection and resuscitation. What does this imply

to those who are baptized?

3. How far have we gone, individually and collectively, in being dead to sin
and alive to God?

4. What does it mean to be under grace and not under the law? Does grace
encourage sin?

5. What are the “shameful things that lead to death” of verse 21?

6. Having received God’s righteousness by faith in Christ, what kind of life

should we live? (6:22).

MEMORY VERSE: Roman Chapter 6, verse 13:

Neither present your members unto sin as instruments of unrighteousness; but present
yourselves unto God, as alive from the dead, and your members as instruments of
righteousness unto God.

(Rom 6:13)

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THEME: THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH

TOPIC: THE BONDAGE OF THE LAW OF SIN AND DEATH

TEXT: ROMANS 7

INTRODUCTION

THE LAW referred to in this Chapter antedates the Fall of Humanity into
sin. This LAW is the natural law or fundamental ordinance instituted by God to
govern temporal human existence under the sun till death. Under the LAW OF
SIN AND DEATH, humanity variously grasped God’s mysteries either as…

1. TRUE REVELATION through *divinely inspired truth and prophecy* as

found in the Mosaic Torah and other Prophetic books of the Hebrew
Scripture (Gal 3), and
2. FALSE SPECULATIONS through *mundanely groped tradition and
philosophy* as found in the Rudimentary (Cosmic Elements) of Gentiles
Cultures (Gal 4; Col 2).

Therefore, what the Apostles generically referred to as THE LAW In this

Chapter is not merely the written codes of THE COMMANDMENT but mainly the
unwritten compelling forces of THE LAW OF SIN AND DEATH (7:8-9, 13; 8:2).
This Law of Sin and Death began to operate in THE BEGINNING before the Fall
of Adam at Eden (Mat 19:8). Jesus made reference to this Law while talking
about marriage (Mat 5:32; 19:4-9; Mark 10:11; Luk 16:18) and Paul makes use
of that reference here and other places (1Cor 7:2, 10-11, 39). As long as we live
under the Law of Sin and Death, we are not in union with Christ yet, because we
are still married to (and bound by) the sin and death ordinance of the Law (7:1-
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3). Without our faith in Christ and Baptism into Christ, we are still bound under
the Law of Sin and Death. (See
https://www.scribd.com/document/663961690/What-Are-the-SEVERAL-
Scriptural-Usages-of-the-Word-LAW for more details).

Christ Who died to sin once and for all has broken the bond of sin and
death for all, and having now resurrected to die no more (6:9,10) administers His
saving provision to whosoever believes in Him. We who are united with Christ by
baptism should be dead (unresponsive) to sin and have received the
QUICKENING POWER OF SAVING GRACE to become permanently alive and
responsive to God in holiness and righteousness (6:11-14) through the Holy
Spirit of grace.

Saint Paul had already shown that the Law of Rudiments as misread from
nature by the uncircumcised Gentiles under the Principalities and Powers is
blurred by their unrighteousness and foolishness (Rom 1:19-32; Col 2:8-23)!
And although the Law of Moses as found in the Scripture (Rom 2:17-29; Gal
3:19-29) is particularly effective in truly pointing out the GRAVITY OF SIN and
the NECESSITY FOR ATONEMENT, yet it is imperfectly weak and powerless in
enabling righteousness because it does not mortify or crucify the flesh (3:20; 8:3;
Gal 2:16; Heb 7:18-19; Heb 9:11-15) to overcome the flesh. The Law of Sin and
Death always produces sin and death through the flesh in all (Jews and
Gentiles) who live according to (i.e. under the control of) the Law (7:7-23) rather
than according to (i.e. under the control of) gracious power of the Spirit (Gal
5:24-25), which the next Chapter expounds.

DISCUSSION

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1. Does the Law always mean the Law of Moses in the Epistles of Saint
Paul? Could you show this from the Scriptures?

2. What are the two forms humanity has received the Law of Sin and Death?

3. How much do we long, individually and collectively, for breaking free from
the wretchedness (7:24) under the Law of Sin and Death unto laying hold
on the Law of Spirit and Life?

4. What does it mean to be under the saving Law of the Spirit and Life and
not under the other enslaving Law of Sin and Death (7:22, 23)?

5. How would this clear understanding of categories of the Law help your
Faith and Life in Christ to walk in the Spirit unto Life and not in the Flesh
unto death?

DELIVERANCE FROM BONDAGE TO SIN IS ONLY WHEN WE DIE TO THE

LAW OF SIN AND DEATH TO LIVE BY CHRIST’S LAW OF SPIRIT AND LIFE.

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THEME: THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH

TOPIC: THE LAW OF THE SPIRIT UNTO LIFE

TEXT: ROMANS 8

INTRODUCTION

The Law of Moses is effective in pointing out sin to the mind and meeting
out physical punishment for sin to the body, but weak in enabling righteousness
because it does not mortify or crucify the flesh, but usually produces sin and
death through the flesh in those who live according to (i.e. under the control of)
the Law (7:7-23). On the other hand, the Spirit of Grace produces righteousness
and life in those who live according to the Spirit of Christ (8:2-6) because in
Christ, the flesh is mortified or crucified and quickened by the resurrection power
to new life. (See https://www.scribd.com/document/663961690/What-Are-the-
SEVERAL-Scriptural-Usages-of-the-Word-LAW for more details).

The law can convict us of sin (by showing us the NATURE OF SIN in us,
the PENALTY OF SIN on us and the POWER OF SIN over us), but the law
cannot deliver us from sin. Only by the operation of God’s grace are we justified
and quickened through our faith in Christ:

Ø with whose blood we (if we BELIEVE) are pardoned of sin;

Ø with whose Holy Spirit we are empowered to overcome sin; and

Ø in whom we have a sure hope of glory.

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Therefore, all who are in Christ are FREE from the condemnation of sin and
death. All true believers have entered the liberating fellowship of the indwelling
and sanctifying Holy Spirit; they do not mind carnal things any more, but are
concerned with spiritual things always (8:1-11).

We are baptized into (UNION WITH) Christ to become adopted as sons of

God in (UNION WITH) Christ. This is true because the Holy Spirit comes to
indwell us to impart God’s righteousness on us, when we believe in Christ. So
then, all who have been born again of the Holy Spirit constantly ignore the flesh,
setting their minds only to enjoy the victorious sanctifying fellowship of the Holy
Spirit; (8:12-17).

To enter into this fellowship of the Holy Spirit is also to enter battle against
the FLESH, the WORLD and SATAN (7:21-23; Gal. 5:17) But in order to be
victorious, we must patiently persevere in the present sufferings, while we
eagerly wait (with the whole creation) in the hope of the exceeding glory to come
(8:18-25). This can only be done by depending on the power of the Holy Spirit
(8:26,27) and on the assuring promises of the call of God (8:28-30). Therefore, if
God has given us His Son, His Spirit and His loving promises, then we are
ALREADY sure of victory - whenever, however and whatever the circumstance
(8:31-39).

DISCUSSION

1. Who are those that belong to Christ (i.e those born again of the Holy
Spirit) 8:9? How should they walk (i.e. live their lives)? 8:2-8; Gal 5:19-25.

2. Why do we have the right to refuse to live after the flesh? (8:12,13)

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3. What do you understand by the “works of the Holy Spirit” mentioned in
verses 14 and 26?

4. How do all things work together for the good of the believers? (8:28-30).

5. What do verses 31-39 mean to you?

BY THE SPIRIT OF LIFE, WE HAVE COMPLETE VICTORY (8:37).

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THEME: THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH

TOPIC: THE MYSTERY OF GOD’S RIGHTEOUS SOVEREIGNTY

TEXT: ROMANS 9, 10, AND 11 (PRELIMINARY)

INTRODUCTION

Before we could profitably study Chapters 9, 10 and 11 of Romans, we

need to be settled in our minds concerning the mysterious way of the righteous
sovereignty of God in saving man through faith in Christ.

Many questions arise: In what way is salvation eternal? How does God’s
foreknowledge affect our ultimate end? Does God exercise His sovereign right
and veto power in election, rejection and restoration? Does God work to fulfil His
foreknowledge and His predetermined purpose (whether as His secret counsel
or as His revealed will)? Does man have freedom to exercise his own will?
Could man in his fallen state ever find God on his own without the grace of God
helping him? Is the grace of God universal or restricted to a chosen few? Is it
God’s will that some should not be saved? Is God’s call to all humans, or is it to
a few? Did Christ die for all humans, or for only some who are predestined to
eternal life? Anyway, of what benefit is the knowledge of this mystery to
humanity?

First, we must be warned that the Scripture does not contain everything
about God’s mysterious way but it contains all that is sufficiently necessary for
our salvation (Jon. 20:30-31; 2Tim. 3:16)). We must accept God’s way with
contentment and neither cook up our advice for Him, nor think that God’s

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wisdom is foolishness. (Rom 11:33-36). Although the whole will of God revealed
in the Scriptures is accessible to the faithful (Deut. 29:29), under the guidance of
the Holy Spirit, yet the secret counsel of God are unsearchable and beyond
finding out (Rom. 11:33) by any man by any means. Attempting to fully know the
utmost of God’s love and foreknowledge (Arminianism), or to search out the full
limits of God’s sovereignty and eternal decree (Calvinism) is tantamount to
searching beyond what is revealed (Job. 11:7).

DISCUSSIONS

1. What various aspects of the mysterious way of salvation are revealed to

us in the Scriptures?

(a) In Adam ALL are (by God’s wrath towards sin) predestinated to
destruction and death once they have been born. Rom. 5:18; 1 Cor.
15:22.

(b) In Christ ALL are by God’s grace towards the sinner, (and by God’s
will for EVERYONE’s salvation Ezk. 18:23; Jon. 3:16; 6:40)
predestinated to Salvation and eternal life if they believed. Rom
11:32; 2 Tim. 1:9; Acts 17:30; 1 Tim 4:10; 1 John 2:2: Eph. 3:11.

(c) Those who are chosen by God (The Elect) and those who would
take advantage of God’s gracious call by believing in Christ (the
Called Faithful) are foreknown by God 1 Pet 1:2; Acts 13:48; Rom
8:29; 11:2; Matt. 25:34.

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(d) The Called Faithful is usually the Elect, but may include the
Reprobate who has been grafted in by grace through faith. Rom.
9:25-26; 11:20-24; Rev. 17:14; 2 Cor. 3:16.

(e) Those who are rejected by God (the Reprobate) and those who
would disregard God’s grace by refusing Christ (the unbelieving) are
foreknown by God. Rom 9:22.

(f) The unbelieving are usually the Reprobate but may include the Elect
who have been plucked off because of unbelief/drawing back. Rom.
11:20-24.

(g) The grace and call of God is to all humans but the choice and
salvation of God is for a few. Matt. 2:14; Rev. 17:14.

(h) All humans (Elect or Reprobate, Faithful or Unbelieving) are free to

exercise their will, but none can turn to Christ except one was
helped by God’s grace and drawn by God’s call through the Word
and the Holy Spirit. John 6:44,65.

(i) Christ’s death, God’s grace, the Holy Spirit as well as this world are
meant for all humans. 1 Tim. 2:4-6; 2 Pet. 3:9; Tit 2:11; Rom. 10:14.
This is why we must evangelise, so as to give opportunity to the
Elect and the Faithful to take the advantage and be saved. Mark
16:16; John 1:12; Rom 10:13.

(j) God in His righteousness can (and has the right to) use anybody
(whether as Elect or Reprobate, Faithful or Unbelieving) to show His
power (whether as wrath or as mercy) Rom. 9:14-24. After all, all
have sinned and fallen short of God’s glory. Rom. 3:23.

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 (k) The purpose of election is not to exclude the Reprobate from being
saved but rather to guarantee a Remnant is saved even in the event
of mass apostasy. Rom 11:3-6.

(l) ELECTION MUST BE UNDERSTOOD AS A SPECIAL DIVINE

SAFEGUARD (Rom. 9:27-29), NOT AS A USUAL DIVINE
LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION. This, the Calvinist as well as the
Arminian doctrines tend to miss.

2. What things are NOT revealed to us in the Scripture about election and
salvation?

(a) Once saved, always saved, or once an unbeliever always an

unbeliever. Rom 11:1-23; John 15:3-6.

(b) Whatever God decides for us must be done by us whether we

choose to do it or not (Fatalism). 2 Tim. 2:19-21.

(c) God can only save by predetermined election and not necessarily by
faith (Rom 11:20; Matt. 8:10-12).

(d) God can save by works apart from faith (Eph. 2:9).

(e) Salvation is not universal but only particular by election. (Eph.

1:5,11: Psa 10:11-13)

CONCLUSION

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Although God exercises His sovereign right and power to Elect, Reject and
Restore according to His pleasure and for the fulfilment of His purpose, yet He
also meant His Salvation to be for all humans. And the only way to enter into
that salvation is by His GRACE and through FAITH in Christ, so that no man
should boast (Rom. 3:27). If we trust in God and walk in His love, we can be
certain that all things will surely work out for our good according to God’s calling
and purpose (Rom. 8:28; John 14:23; Acts. 5:32). The grace of God is available
to all humans, so all should take advantage of that grace by believing unto
salvation. And all that are saved should be rest assured that they are called of
(and are in accord with) God, who is both faithful and almighty (Heb. 6:17-19).

NOTES:

1. God has eternal foreknowledge as well as eternal will, counsel and

purpose. He does not usually seem to work out His foreknowledge; rather
He makes use of His foreknowledge in working out His purpose (Eph.
1:11).

2. Election is always accompanied by a saving covenant; otherwise it does

not lead to eternal life, since eternal life is a covenant promise of God. The
only way to enter into a saving covenant with God is by faith and
continued obedience of faith (2 Pet. 1:2-11)

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THEME: THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH

TOPIC: GOD’S SOVEREIGN CHOICE BY GRACE

TEXT: ROMANS 9

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, Paul attempts to explain the purpose of God (i.e His
secrete counsel and His revealed will). He makes it clear that God has the right
to make His own choice in everything.

Paul expressed great sorrow for the Israelites who rejected Christ, despite
the fact that they were the chosen people of God (9:1-5). But the choice of God,
which never fails, should not be seen as something easily understood (9:6-13).
Out of many, God makes His choice of those on whom to show mercy and those
on whom to show wrath; yet, this never means that God is unrighteous or
unfaithful (9:14-18).

Although God exercises His sovereignty (i.e. over-ruling power and right)
in choosing, He is still righteous in judging all disobedience and rewarding the
faithful. Yet no man has the right to question God for He is our maker (9:19-21).
In order to show His power and glory (9:22-24), God could choose to narrow
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down or expand His choice (9:25,26). Nevertheless, He makes sure that He has
a FAITHFUL REMNANT even if the whole world decides to go astray (9:27-29;
11:4-6). God has the whole world in His hands. Amen

The only way to obtain salvation is therefore to depend on God’s grace,

obeying Him and trusting Him (by faith) to choose us and count us righteous
through Christ (9:30-33).

DISCUSSIONS

1 Paul made a solemn declaration (swore an oath) in verse 1 (Also see 2

Cor 1: 23; 11 31; 1Thes .2:5,10 1Tim 2:7). How do we reconcile this
with Matt. 5:34 and Jas. 5:12? What does this teach you to bear in
mind whenever you speak?

2 Is your own solemn declaration as selfless as that of Paul (9:1-2)? Do

you seek how to get YOUR WELL BEING from the gospel or do you
seek to do GOD’S WILL for the Gospel? How? (Consider Ex. 32:32).

3 By God’s grace, He has enabled ALL men to freely choose or reject

Christ (9:33). Dose God in His grace and righteousness have the over-
ruling right and power to freely choose or reject SOME humans? (9:15-
21). Why do you say so?

4 Is God’s electing grace limited to the Israelites (9:24-26)? What dose

this mean to you?

5 Since we cannot know all the secret counsels of God concerning

election, how should we respond to God? (9:30-33).

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MEMORY VERSE: Romans Chapter 9 verse 30.

What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, who followed not after righteousness, attained
to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith:

(Rom 9:30)

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THEME: THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH

TOPIC: ISRAEL’S FAITHLESS ZEAL

TEXT: ROMANS 10

INTRODUCTION

As in 9:1-3, Paul again starts by solemnly declaring (as an oath), his

heart’s desire for the Jews: that they shall be saved (10:1). Although the Jews
were very zealous in seeking God’s righteousness through the law, they did not
obtain it because God’s righteousness could only be obtained through faith in
Christ and submission to His lordship (10:3). Christ’s faith-righteousness, (which
is simple, universal, eternal and superior) is given by GOD to those who
BELIEVE and submit to Jesus Christ. But law-righteousness (which is complex,
restricted, temporary and inferior) is to be achieved by MAN through WORKS
and KEEPING of the law. This is impossible for man in his fallen state. The law
was meant to show us our helplessness and so move us to reach out for Christ
in whom the law is both fulfilled and ended. So then righteousness is freely
available to everyone who believes (10:4-8).

To prove that we believe in God’s record concerning His Son, we must

confess Him openly. So while Faith OBTAINS righteousness, confession
PROVES the presence of righteousness. It is Faith that produces confession,
not the reverse (10:9-11). Confession includes calling upon the name of the
Lord, which does not mean reciting religious and liturgical formulae but
TRUSTING and SUBMITTING to HIM upon whom we call. This is why; we must
preach Christ to those who have not known Him (10:12-18), even when they

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refuse to believe as the Israelites (10:19-21). Preaching is also an aspect of
confession.

DISCUSSION

1. What could you learn from verse 1 (compare 9:1-3)

2. What are the differences between law-righteousness and faith-

righteousness? (10:5,10).

3. Consider these two: confession without faith, and faith without

confession. What should you have as a true Christians?

4. Does calling upon God lead to faith? What leads to faith then?
(10:14,17).

5. What warning could we hear from verse 2? (Heb. 4:6)

6. Who are those sent to preach the Goodnews? (10:15)

MEMORY VERSE: Romans 10:9 and 10

Because if thou shalt confess with thy mouth Jesus as Lord, and shalt believe in thy heart
that God raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved: for with the heart man believeth
unto righteousness; and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation.

(Rom 10:9-10)

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THEME: THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH

TOPIC: THE MYSTERY OF GOD’S PURPOSE

TEXT: ROMANS 11

INTRODUCTION

In expounding his doctrine of JUSTIFICATION BY FAITH, Paul now tries

to answer two last questions. These questions concern the sorrowful issue of
JEWISH unbelief despite the fact they are chosen by God and have zeal for God
(9:1-65; 10:1-3).

First Paul explains that God did not reject Israel totally but only partly,
because God always makes sure He reserves some who remain faithful (THE
REMNANT). God chooses the remnant in His grace. Paul cited himself, Elijah
and the seven thousand prophets as examples (11:1-6). He quotes some
scriptures to support his teaching concerning this mystery (11:7-10).

Secondly, he discloses that the unbelief of Israel is only a temporary

stumbling and not a final fall. Israel’s stumbling is used by God to extend His
blessings to the Gentiles. Paul illustrates this with the Olive tree with the natural
and grafted wild branches. Beyond election, faith leads to being grafted in while
unbelief leads to being plucking off. (11:11-24).

Further Paul unfolds the purpose of God, which is, that Israel is rejected in
unbelief until the full number of Gentiles has come in, after that, Israel shall
believe and be saved also, as God has spoken. The mystery is that God is
letting all humans have their portion of disobedience in order that all humans

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(Jews and Gentiles) may need to receive mercy (11:25-32). In this way, no one
would boast before God.

God’s mysterious purpose is a wonder! Man’s disobedience cannot spoil

God’s plans. We cannot know all the secrets of God but He has revealed
enough for our salvation (11:33-36).

DISCUSSION

1. What warning could we hear from verses 17 to 20?

2. Seeing that the scriptures quoted in verses 8-10 was fulfilled in the life
of the Israelites, what should be our attitude towards similar prophecies
concerning this end time, e.g. 1 Tim 4:1?

3. Differentiate between magnifying and boasting with our ministry (see

11:13; 2 Tim. 4:5; 2 Peter 2:9-12).

4. How are you magnifying your ministry today?

5. What do you understand by the mystery of God’s purpose stated in

verses 30-32?

MEMORY VERSE: Romans 11:33

O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God! how unsearchable
are his judgments, and his ways past tracing out!

(Rom 11:33)

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THEME: THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH

TOPIC: RIGHTEOUS WAY OF LIFE

TEXT: ROMANS 12

INTRODUCTION

Having explained and proved his doctrine of justification (i.e. being

counted righteous) by faith in Christ, Paul now goes on to apply it to daily life.

God, in His mercy, has called us; chosen us and counted us righteous;
grafted (baptized) us into Christ by giving us the Holy Spirit to indwell us; and
washed our sins with Christ’s blood when we believed. THEREFORE the only
reasonable service we should give to the Lord that has shown such a great
mercy to us is to present our whole being as a living sacrifice to Him in every
way (12:1). We must first be transformed and be renewed, then shall we be
enabled to do God’s pleasure and perfect will (2:2).

We should magnify and make full proof of our Ministry according to our
Gifts to benefit others. This we must do with all humility, faith, diligence,
cheerfulness and sobriety, remembering that our gifts are GIVEN to us through
grace or according to grace (12:3-8). GRACE is the empowering FREE GIFT
given to us through Christ.

Sincere love which hates evil, holds to good, respects others, has spiritual
zeal, rejoices in hope and faith and practices hospitality, must characterise our
lives (12:9-13). To hate evil must not be understood as cursing our persecutors,
despising and quarrelling with others, or avenging our enemies. The love that
hates evil would overcome evil with good (12:14-21).
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 DISCUSSION

1. Why should we present our bodies and renew our minds to serve God?
What does this reasonable service or spiritual worship mean? (12:1,2).

2. Do we have any of the gifts mentioned in verses 6 to 8? Are we using

them righteously as instructed by Paul in this passage?

3. How should we show sincere love (12:10,13)?

4. Love hates evil and goes for what is good (12:96; 1 Cor. 13:6). How
should we hate evil? Do we hate evil the way Paul has instructed in
verse 17-21?

5. What do you understand by “heaping burning coals on his (i.e. enemy’s)

head” (12:20)?

6. What do you understand by being fervent and not slothful in verse 11?

CONCLUSION

When we understand that it was by God’s mercy that we were saved, the only
reasonable thing to do is to respond to God’s love with our whole being, and to
love others till they are shamed unto repentance and faith. This is the righteous
way of life.

MEMORY VERSE: Romans 12:21

Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good.

(Rom 12:21)

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THEME: THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH

TOPIC: RIGHTEOUSNESS IN THE SOCIETY

TEXT: ROMANS 13

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, Paul makes it clear that those who have received God’s
righteousness through faith in Christ must be subject (i.e obedient and
responsible) to higher human authorities that govern in our society. God
ORDAINS all ruling/governing authorities in the society, as His MINISTERS of
the sword: for promotion of good, for wrath and vengeance on evil and
disobedience, and for security. We should fear, honour, recognise, respect and
submit to these authorities because of their ministry and because of other
people’s conscience and our conscience towards God (13:1-7). All this should
be done in LOVE (13:8-10).

Those who have been given God’s righteousness by faith in Christ should
wake up and live in the society as they ought to: not in darkness (i.e. strife, envy,
etc) but in he light (i.e. putting on the Lord Christ), because Christ would soon
come to judge the living and the dead (13:11-14)

DISCUSSION

1. How does Paul’s teaching in 13:1-10 agree with those of Christ in Matt.
2:17-21 and of Peter in 1 Peter 2:13-21?

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 2. How far do you subject to and love those in authority? (see one
example of Paul in Acts 23:1-5). What about Peter’s example in Acts
5:27-32?

3. What are the present and eternal consequences of resisting any

human authority in the society? (13:2-4).

4. What are the tributes that Christians must pay to all human authorities
and all men in the society? (13:6-10).

5. What are the roles of those in authority (earthly and human) in our
society as mentioned in 13:3-4) (see 1 Pet 2:13,14) Does this apply to
Christians in temporal (i.e. earthly) authority?

6. “It is high time we awoke” (13:11) “Let us walk properly as in the day”
(13:13). What warnings and admonitions do you get from verses 11-13.

7. How do we prevent the flesh from having its way? (13:14).

MEMORY VERSE: Romans 13:10

Love worketh no ill to his neighbor: love therefore is the fulfilment of the law.

(Rom 13:10)

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THEME: THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH

TOPIC: RIGHTEOUS PRINCIPLES OF LIBERTY

TEXT: ROMANS 14

DEFINITIONS

1. Christian Liberty refers to all matters that those who are justified in
Christ have been given power and freedom to do as they deem fit (both
essential and non-essential). For instance, to either be circumcised or
remain uncircumcised, to either be married or be unmarried, to either
eat or not eat meat, to either observe or not observe any day, etc. No
one should be judged on any choice one makes on liberty/discretional
matters. Judgment is only for mandatory/commanded matters.

2. The STRONG in faith were NOT the MORE committed BUT the
MATURE brethren whose faith in Christ is grounded in a proper
scriptural knowledge of the mystery of the truth about salvation in
Christ (1 Cor. 8:4-6).

3. The WEAK in faith were NOT the LESS committed BUT the
IMMATURE brethren who because of improper conception of the
gospel mystery develop an attitude grounded on personal scrupulous
feelings that identifies everything as sinful or demonic, fearing that such
things would defile believers (1 Cor. 8:7-9).

INTRODUCTION

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 There was no unity (love and peace) between the weak and the strong in the
Roman Church. Instead of the weak inquiring to gain the wonderful biblical
knowledge of the strong, they judged the strong for eating pagan meat freely;
instead of the strong to respect and educate the scrupulous conscience of the
weak, they despised the weak for not understanding how great our liberty in
Christ is. Therefore, Paul wrote to teach them how righteous saints should
exercise their liberty whether weak or strong.

(a) Saints should not judge others on liberty matters but welcome
themselves and prepare to meet Christ Who has welcomed them
and who shall yet judge them (14:1-13).

(b) Christ has declared all food pure and clean (14:14; Mk. 7:15 –19).
Yet any brother who eats what he considers unclean shall be
condemned because of his conscience (14:20-23);

(c) Souls are more important than food; don’t condemn souls for eating
or not eating; don’t destroy souls by eating or not eating; be sure
you are accepted by God and approved by men (2Cor 4:2 and 6:4);
as a true servant of Christ walk in love aiming for peace and
edification in all things (14:14-19);

DISCUSSIONS

1. Compare (b) with 1 Cor. 8:4-13 and discuss

Since eating and not eating have neither spiritual advantage nor
disadvantage (1Cor 8:8), what then are the guiding principles (command,
concession and counsel) for eating meat slaughtered by pagans?

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 i. At Temple Feasts: DO NOT JOIN AT ALL TO EAT, EVEN WHEN
CONVINCED (8:8-12; 10:19-22; Act 15:29; Rom 14:15-22).
ii. At Other Places (e.g. Market and pagan Homes): YOU MAY EAT,
EXCEPT WHEN CONSIDERATE OR WHEN NOT CONVINCED
(10:25-29; Rom 14:1-5,10-14,23 and 15:1-2). This is not same with
Jew-Gentile separation in Gal 2:11ff. Why?

2. Compare (c) with 1 Cor. 10:23-33 and discuss.

Market meat or festival food in pagan homes, though usually offered to
idols (which are really nothing to us), should be taken without conscience
questions, but if such questions arise from scrupulous brethren with weak
convictions who are present, the brethren with strong convictions should
abstain for the sake of their brethren’s weaker consciences (1Cor 10:24-
29).

3. Give some other areas (dressing, tradition, culture etc) where we have
scruples, and apply the apostolic righteous principles to each of these.

4. What is the extent of our salvation in Christ? (Eph. 1:15-23; 3:17b-19).

MEMORY VERSE: Romans 14:13

Let us not therefore judge one another any more: but judge ye this rather, that no man
put a stumblingblock in his brother's way, or an occasion of falling.

(Rom 14:13)

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THEME: THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH

TOPIC: RIGHTEOUS PLANS FOR MISSIONS

TEXT: ROMANS 15

INTRODUCTION
Paul concluded his teaching on harmony in liberty, by adding the principles of
patience with and preferring others in order to tolerate, accept and please one
another and be united with same mind in Christ, whether weak or strong, Jew or
Gentile (v. 1-13).
Paul’s desire is to ensure that all Gentiles are properly brought to obey God
acceptably as priests brought acceptable offerings before God had moved him
to evangelize the Greek Eastern part of the Roman Empire (v. 14-19). He is
encouraged in this task by the power of God working mightily in him on his
missions to the Gentiles, so he began to unfold his visionary plans for the
evangelization of the remaining Latin Western part of the Mediterranean world
as far as Spain. (v. 20-28). However, the Western mission would not be until he
had first accomplished the dangerous work of taking charity support to the
impoverished churches of Jerusalem and Judea, for which he called for prayers
(29-33).

DISCUSSION
1. How could seeking to please others than oneself bring about harmony in
the Church? (1-2).

2. Who is our example for this sacrificial principle of unity? (3-7).

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3. How did Paul use Scriptures to prove that the Gentiles were meant to be
part of the Messianic Church? (8-13).

4. Do you have the desire and ambition to preach the Gospel in unchurched
regions as was Paul? (14-21).

5. Do you and your Church have missionary plans like Paul to preach the
Gospel to the uttermost eneds of the earth. (14-33).

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THEME: THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD BY FAITH

TOPIC: RIGHTEOUS GREETINGS AND COMMENDATIONS

TEXT: ROMANS 16

INTRODUCTION

Righteous greetings are the greetings of the saints. The Saints are those
who have received God’s righteousness through faith in Christ. In this chapter,
Paul shows us the way in which saints should greet, appreciate and commend
one another in holiness and righteousness in Christ Jesus.

Righteous greeting is a greeting of love, peace, goodwill, oneness,

appreciation, warm friendship and close fellowship. It is a greeting in first names.
Above all it is a greeting in the Lord. Righteous greeting does not discredit,
rather it commends and encourages in the Lord. Although Paul had not yet been
to Rome, he had cultivated personal friendship with about 30 members of the
Roman congregation: both males and females, Jews and Gentiles, married and
unmarried.

Paul referred to the Saints as his dear friends (beloved), fellow-workers in

the Lord, relatives (kinsmen), sisters, brothers, and mother (16:1-16). In
conveying greetings from the brethren with him, he used similar righteous
language (16:21-24). He also commended each saint for his or her labours in
the Lord.

Paul did not forget to warn the brethren against those who cause divisions
and make arguments against what the Apostles had taught. (16:17-19). He also

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assured them of God’s grace and victory over Satan (16:20). Finally, in a
doxology, he gave glory to God for His power and wisdom (16:25-27).

DISCUSSIONS

1. Phoebe who took this letter from Corinth to Rome was described as a
sister, a Deaconess (Servant) and a Patroness (Great helper) (16:1,2).
How many other women who worked hard in the Lord were mentioned?
(16:3,6,12,15) What does this teach us about women in the Church?

2. Would one be telling the truth if one commended you with the same
words used for the Roman Saints? (16:3,10a, 12).

3. How did Paul describe those whom we should avoid? (16:17,118). Are
you one of such dangerous Christians?

4. What does this “holy kiss” (of peace and love) mean? (16:16). What are
the equivalents of kissing in our culture?

5. How many Christians of various tribes and of both sexes are you so
personally friendly with? Do you write and greet them in holiness and
righteousness, like Paul? Has EVERYONE heard about your
obedience? (16:19).

MEMORY VERSE: Romans 16:17

Now I beseech you, brethren, mark them that are causing the divisions and occasions of
stumbling, contrary to the doctrine, which ye learned: and turn away from them.

(Rom 16:17)
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