Ir 2

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Casualties of war
-shell shocked
-psychological disorders
-phsyical disorders
-survivors arent in good shape
- about 10 million killed
and many wounded.
The War Beyond Europe
1) Ottoman Empire
-British fosters arabs against Turks
The War Beyond Europe
2) Africa
Germans attacked them and used their
troops.
This was a WORLD War!!
the Paris Peace Conference
1919, Realism and Idealism
-brings WWI to an end
-Jan to June
-decipher the post-war world
-wilson has great influence (idealism)
-what to do with germany (every aspect)
-break up of enormous empires -
ottoman empire, a-h empire, russia
(brest-litovsk), german empire = cease
tp exost. mew states/x-colonies
-international system
-conference attended by US president
Wilson (gone for 6 months, Repubs are
pissed, much criticism).
10/23/2014 International Relations Midterm Exam Flashcards - Cram.com
American Messiah = Wilson
-Paris celebrates his 14 points
-Wilson knows if he doesnt stay his
ideals wont get very far.
-despises the old diplomacy
-pushes negotiation and collective
security
-moralism
-having gone to war and sacrificing men
he has to ensure peace in honor of the
dead
-democracy, doesnt bring repubs.
-He thinks hes serving humanity,
reaching out to the population.
-republicans resent him because he
didnt bring any of them to conference.
European Rivals = Georges
Clemenceau
Prime Minister of France
-Wilsons opponent
-no love for germans
-doesnt want a peace treaty with them
-cares about French national interest
only.
European Rivals = David Lloyd
George
-British Prime Minister
-conservative
-doesnt follow Wilson's idealism
-wants to protect the british empire
-wants to get representation for colonies
in Parliament (gets one under British
control)
European Rivals = Vittoro
Orlando
-prime minister in Italy
-plays a lesser role
-concerned about Italy and Italian
power.
-Treaty of London, 1915 - promised Italy
land for leaving triple alliance. -- want
the land!
Men at Conference
-All of these men are politicans
-27 coutnries attended.
-France, US, Britain and Italy play the
biggest role.
-> Germany and Russia arent involved
in writing the treaty.
Japan as a great power
Considered a great power, Prince
Saionji Kinmochi - they werent
interested in Europe.
the Threat of Revolution
-underlies whats going on in Paris
-fear of Bolshevism -> their goal is for
the spreading of Revolution
-ideal conditions for communism ->
Russia is going to take advantage of
turmoil.
Sparticist League in Germany -left wing, radicals, opposed war
-Luxemberg, Liebknecht = leaders->
Propogation against war = jail
-lead communist socialist revolution -
huge threat, Russia wants Germany to
become Communist.
-as Revolution continues German army
is puts it down.
-100s are killed, leaders killed
=> Indication that threat is moving.
Outbreak in Independent
Hungary
Communist government takes over
Widespread problems
Labor unrest everywhere
sense of urgency to make peace
demobilization
European and US power demobilize
-no army to protect against communism.
Spanish influenza
enormous spanish influenza epidemic ->
8 million die from flue
= get europe back on its feet.
The War Aims of the Victors
1) United States
-Wilson wants a restoration of social
and economic order (return to the
norm/back to a peace term footing)
-national self determination = people
have the right to control their destiny,
people who share aspects of life
deserve this (doesnt apply to former
colonies/hes racist/many colonial
delegates petition this and are ignored).
-League of Nations
-Not necessarily "punish" the germans -
germany is the heart of europe = get it
on its feet as a democracy.
2) France
-French security and national interest.
- want to create a buffer between
France and Germany = Rhineland
(independent from Germany)
-French satellite = buffer and germans
will be other side of the rough
rhineland.
-Wilson and George think this is a
violation of German self deetermination
and will be a conflict like Alsace Lorain
forever.
-Frances wants Alsace Loraine Back.
-Want to rid of german military
-french birthrate is declining - germans
isnt.
-want reparations - make germans pay
for waht they did - they destroyed
everything on way out.
-France and Britain think the US will
forgive loans = they still need to pay so
they need germanys money.
-they want to keep the alliance between
us and britain and themselves alive.
3) Great Britain
-destroy the german navy
-german fleet is supposed to go to a
nuetral port but it doesnt, it goes to
scotland = sailors dont think they were
defeated, 74 ships destroy themselves
b/c they thought britain was coming to
get them = no german fleet
-german empire is gone (loses colonies)
-reparations for the pensions of those in
the war - everyone wants money.
-seeks a lenient peace for germany
(same as wilson).
4) Italy
-Want fulfillment of the Secret Treaty of
London, 1915 = Tyrolle and Dalmatia
Coast = port cities
-Fiume is supposed to be given to
Yugoslavia and Italy = conflict.
-Allies dont want to undermine
Yugoslavia
-Italy leaves the conference
-eventually signthe treaty but they dont
get Fiume - eventually becomes an
international port.
The Decision Making Process
Who?
The Big Four = US, Great Britain,
France, and Japan
The Great Compromise
1) French Security
-French Security =
- Rhineland permantly demilitarized and
occupied for 15 years.
-Germany disarmed (only allowed
100,000 men to police)
-weapon inspections/no heavy
weaponry
-British-American Guarantee
-Return of Alsace Lorraine
-Saarland = League of Nations territory,
coal field
-help repay German Reparation
2) Poland
-needs to be reconstituted, it didnt exist
since 1790s
-recreated in 1919
-given access to sea adn carved out of
whats indisputably Poland (land locked)
-set up port in Danzic = free city under
League of Nations but Poles are in
charge.
-Poland isnt connected to port
-they create the POlish corridor to
connect = splits germany in 2 = turmoil
for germans in the area.
3) Reparations
-cant decide what to do
-settle Article 231: the War guilt clause =
establishes germany as responsible for
war
-germany cant pay
-1921 (may) commission is to be
established and a bill will be presented.
4) The League of Nations
-established principle of collective
security (article 10)
-french want a LN army, wilson says no
-any self-governing state can joine
-Monroe doctrine is secured in article 21
-Russia and Germany cant join
goals: The League's goals included
disarmament; preventing war through
collective security; settling disputes
between countries through negotiation
diplomacy; and improving global
welfare.
The Dictated Peace
Germany/Austria-Hungary
-German delegation shows up = out
raged.
-sense in germany that they werent
defeated and they were forced to give
up or get invaded.
-Austria Hungary ceases to exist =
many ethnic germans living int hese
states, problematic = self determination.
Mandates on the Colonial World
1) Ottoman Empire = Mandates
-Turkey is independent
-Prince Faisal = son of Sharif Hussain
-Arabs fight Ottomans for allies for an
Arab state (come looking for land)
-GB promises the Jews the same land.
= nobody gets land
-GB and France divide Ottoman Empire
among selves creating the LEAGUE OF
NATION MADATES (to teach them how
to govern themselves)
Different types of mandates
There are different types of mandates
depending on how much help they need
(a mandates = little help, b mandates =
a little more help).
=> Land is carved up, its not
imperialism, its mandates.
Mandates include for British and
French
Finland, Poland, and the Baltic States
(Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia)
Austria, Hungary, plus Czechoslovakia,
Yugoslavia; Romania
Syria, Jordan, Israel, Iraq, Iran.
Other League of Nations
mandates
New Zealand = Samoa
Australia = New Guinea
Japan = Carolines, Marianas, Marshall
and Shantung Peninsula
== Much resentment in China
== Racial equality amendment = all
races are equal = doesnt go thru (wilson
doesnt like this).
== wants japs, chinese, indians out =
resentment in homeland
Success of Failure
-not very successful
-they did they best they could
-> truce for 20 years.
America in Isolation
-Wilson plays a major role in the treaty
-The senate has to ratify the treaty -
wilson doesnt bring any republicans with
him and doesnt include the senate.
-1918 the Republicans win both houses
-if you believe in peace vote democrate
= back fires on Wilson.
-brings treaty back to US and is faced
with lots of opposition.
-want to return to isolationism (majority
support the League of nations).
Henry Cabot Lodge
=Senator, chairman of foreign relations
Committee
-wilson needs their support
-both Lodge and Wilson despise each
other.
-Lodge wants to put amendments and
hcanges forward = 50 of them, wilson
doesnt want to do this.
Henry Cabot Lodge's proposed
changes
Article 10: Covenant of the League of
Nations
-drives lodge crazy/hates it
-> core of collective security, memebers
of league stick together.
= viewed as unconsitutional, dont want
teh US obliged to other nations.
-Wilson goes to teh people directly
because hes not getting support from
senate.
-Tours the US for 3 weeks and has a
massive stroke = no position of
influence.
Lodge's finished treaty
He adds 50 amendments
-wilson wont allow it
-demands all democrats to reject =
nothign passes.
this means that...(3)
1) No treaty of peace with germany
2) no US membership in League of
Nations
3) No french security treaty
=> allows GB to do the same thing w/
#3
1920 Presidential Election
-Wilsons chance to debate treaty -
thinks he'll be nominated (doesnt)
-James Cox (dem) vs. Warren Harding
(Repub)
-Harding is anti-Wilson
-1st election women could vote
-Harding wins
Warren Harding (1921-1923)
-return to normalcy = american
interests, isolationism.
-non-membership in the league
-separate peace with germany, Austria,
Hungary
-demobilization - wants a small navy
-end of rhineland occupation (1923 for
us)- becomes a french effot only
=> pulls back from international
obligation because the world is
dangerous.
US wants to stay out of Europe
and keep Europe out of US
-Bolshevik Revolution
-1920-21 Big recession
-Labor unrest/strikes
-racial tension - KKK
- Race riots, lynchings = very turbulent
times
Red scare
Bolshevism is on the march and
communism is on its way to the US.
Alien Enemies
Get them out of the US
-poles
-italians
-slavs
=tension
Attorney General A. Mitchell
Palmer
-wave of bombings
-his house is bombed
-> wants them out!
-Palmer Raids = round up 6,000
suspected people and 250 are
deported.
Called Soviet archs = sends them to the
soviet regardless of where they're from.
Serious Immigration Control
-1924 National Origins Act = bans
immigration from East Asia (Japan),
puts quotas on # of people who can
come into US.
-based on 2% of whatever the number
of people of their nationality in the US
was in 1890
US after the war
-political isolationism
-not economic and cultural (US ->
Europe)
-before war the US was a deter nation -
more imports than exports, becomes a
creditor nation (more exports)
=makes it harder for european economy
to recover.
-heavy tariffs = Forney-McCumber Tariff
(1922) 40% tax.
The Hope of Collective Security
-Nov 1920 - 1st meeting of LN in
Geneva (no US Russia or Germany)
-League has no enforcement
mechanism - no collective army.
-relies on sanctions (politically and
economically)
-takes out many issues= court of
international justice, collective security,
health policies, drug trafficing...
Problem with League
-No military force
-unanimity required for action in both the
council and the assembly
-no us
-no germany, russia
= cant be effective w/o some world
powers.
-France and GB not willing to give up
their militaries or national interests
=any problems with great powers get
settled outside the league.
Germany Tries Democracy
-Friedrich Ebert (1919-1925) =
President of Germany
-Ebert is a Social democrat = wanted
the war, doesnt like communists, wants
social order.
-uses paramilitary troops to suppress
communists
-feeling that germany is in a cultural
Renaissance
-Prussian element in Germany is
blamed as aggressive
-get rid of this element
Weimar Prolbems despite
democracy and cultural
flourishing
-bubbling underneath surface
-economic problems = reparations, land
loss, international trade destroyed.
-stab in the back = puts govt in threat =
demobilized soldiers believe its the
social democrats fault for signing
armistice.
-democratic veneer = not as real as it is
said to be.
Germany Tries Democracy
Beer Hall Putsch, 1923
-German faction of politics
-extreme right (hitler)
-1923 Hitler is running the Nazi party in
S. Germany
-takes control of party
-runs a coup that they want to spread all
over germany (anti-democracy)
-Ludendorff is involved = coup fails,
Hitler is sent to jail, and Lud gets off.
-Writes "miencamft" in jail = my
struggles.
-Hitler knows he has to get legitimate
means to get power.
-1925 - Paul Von Hindenburg = elected
president (1925-1933)
Fascism in Italy
-the new alternative
-resentment/paramiltary/political
crisis/economic crisis
-Benito Mussolini = former ocmmunist,
radicalized in war -italian nationalist.
-feeling they didnt get wat they were
promised.
-1922 Mussolini is asked to form a
fascist government by King
-1932 = What is Fascism? By Mussolini
= anti-pacifism, anti-international
institutions, anti-communist, anti-
democracy, sacrifice, duty, heroism,
authority, the state is absolute, indv
subordinated to sate, will to power and
empire.
The French Peace
(1919-1926)
-Britain steps back from european
issues just wants to balance power.
-1922 Germans default on reparatoins -
sending goods to france.
-1923 French occupy Ruhr valley in
Germany to force them to give coal
(violation of the League)
-hurts the French reputation
-the german govt tells the workers to
strike - french bring their own miners
-german government has a group of
miners who are unemployed = germans
print money = HYPERINFLATION
-creates an unstable economy, hurts the
middle classes savings
1921 Bill to Germany
Bill to Germany they owe $33 billion.
-only really have to repay half
-end up paying $4.5 billion in total
-French pay more
The Dawes Plan
US gets involved in helping Germany
back on its feet economically.
-Plan by Charles Dawes
-American private banks put loans into
Germany to revitalize economy
-so US can get money from france and
GB = successful until 1929.
Lacarno Treaties (who it
involves)
-1923- Gustav Stresemann, German
Foreign Minister
-Briand = French Foreign Minister
-want to work together to solve
problems.
Oct, 1925 = agreement at Lacarno Italy
= outside LN
-Britain, France, Italy, Germany,
Belgium attend.
Stresemann
is the typical german but realizes
something must be done diplomatically
= great for allies.
Lacarmo Treaty does...
1) Germany recognized its border with
France and Belgium.
2) Germany accepted the permanent
demilitarizaitno in Rhineland
3) Germany, France and Belgium agree
not to attack one another
4) Italy and GB guarantee the treaty and
will intervene in cases of a flagrant
violation by either side
5) France agreed to reduce occupation
of Rhineland and the powers of
inspection teams.
Problem with the Lacarno
Treaty
-only deals with western borders, 1
sided pact.
-countries on other border feel sold out.
-fear germany will go easy
-germany isnt disarming - testing stuff in
russia.
Arstice Briand
Knows hes got to do more
-looks for ways to protect france
-creates alliances all around germany =
Franco-Belgian, Franco-Polish, Franco-
Czech, Franco-Romanian, Franco-
Yugolsavian
-all outside LN
-would create a 2 front war for germany.
Maginot Line -French build this line between France
and Germany
-defenseive position against German
advancement
The Pact of Paris, 1928
-Briand wants the US in.
-Never attack each other
-US thinks something must be up
(Kellog)
-Kellog wants everyone involved.
=Pact of Paris/ Briand-Kellog
-15 countries renounce war, no
enforcement, no commitment
The Briand Plan for European
Union, 1930
-common market
-security system
-arbitration ystem
=integrate Germany so much that they
become reliable on Europe
=fails
==> Great illusion of security and
democracy in Europe.
Japan the Emerging Power in
the Pacific
-Challenges to Japanese
Growth
-shortage of raw materials
-shortage of agricultural land
-excess population, land and food
supply
-prevent west from dominating east asia
and threatening japan
-colonial expansion - prevent the west
from expanding to Korea and Manchuria
the Pacific
-Treaty of Portsmouth, 1905
-w/ Russia
-Japan gets Liaotung Peninsula and
Port Arthur
-Japan gets privileged position in
Manchuria
-Japan gets a protectorate over Korea
(annexed in 1910)
-Secret Taft-Katsura agreement = US in
Philippines and Japan in Korea.
the Pacific
-Modernization
-Japan is expanding to keep west out,
support economy and natural resources.
-modernization creates social economic
and cultural disruption
-expanding takes peoples minds off of
rapid changes/tension
-social darwinism and racism in east
asia among intellectuals in colonized
areas - we need to get strong
-belief that the japanese race is the
superior race in asia
-japan has a monroe doctrine in asia.
the Pacific
-Japan in WWI
-1902=anglo-japanese alliance
-1914 joins allies in war - fighting for
civlization
-dec, 1914 - take over German colonies
in asia (not a challenge) = Shantung,
Marshall Isles, Carolines = take over
asia and consolidate power.
-want manchuria (russias) = opportunity
to take it while they're at war
-> europeans arent paying attention to
asia = good opp.
-make an effort to get official control of
Manchuria and Mongolia = want to be
recongized by weak China (just went
thru revolution)
-worried about the nationalist vision in
china.
The "21 Demands" Dec, 1914
-submitted to chinese government by
japan
-japan assumes Kiaochow on the
Shantung Peninsula from Germany
-mongolia and manchuria would be
reserved for japanese epxlotiation and
colonization
-japan would control coal deposits in
those areas
-the other powers must be excluded
from further concessions in china
-japan would guide chinas miltary,
economic, political development.
->china isnt really given a choice,
accepted
->europeans accept this too because
theyr at war
-> US doesnt accept, Wilson is furious
(open door notes..)
->US puts presure on Japan to take
demands back
The Lansing-Ishii Accords, Nov,
1917
-Robert Lansing = US secretary of state
-Kikujiro Ishii = Japanese diplomat
-the US recognizes japans special
interests in China
-the US and Japan pledge to respec
tteh open door in china
-the us and japan pledge to respect
chinas territorial integrity = cant carve it
up and turn it into colonies
- the 21 demands are generally
recinded (not entirely true)
the Pacific
The Paris Peace Conference,
1919
-Japan only interested in questions
pertaining to asia
-japan gets control of Shantung
peninsula, 99 year lease(china outraged
and leave conference)
-japan gets league of natoins mandates
inteh pacific (seen as a colony by china)
-racial equality amendment is denied.
Pacific Rivals: the US and
Japan in the 1920s
-during and after the war there is a
major rivalry (esp in naval building) =
arms race
-fear that GB and Japan could combine
= threat to US (US fleet would be
divided between 2 oceans)
-1919 = dry dock in Pearl Harbor - bulk
of fleet is there = aggrevates Japan
-nobody wants this tension/arms race -
building ships is expensive, countries
dont have money, US recession.
-1921 Harding calls for a naval
armament conference and the major
powers come to the US
Japan in the 1920s
-Washington Conference 1921-
1922
=limit the arms race, reduce armament,
and deal with China.
-imposed a tonnage ratio on big battle
ships 5:5:3:1.67:1.67 (US, GB, Japan,
Italy and France)
=not equal, limits sizes of the ships
-10 year moratorium on new
consturction of cpaital ships
-no new fortifications on new
construction of capital ships.
-US does this in Pearl Harbor and GB in
Singapore
-Japan to evacuate Siberia
-Japan to restore Shantung to China
-anglo-japanese alliance ended
-cooperation in asia
=>Turning point in international
relations, great powers voluntarily
reduce armament and agree
Japan in the 1920s
-Problems with the Washington
Conference
-Japanese right waing nationalists =
Japan accepts an inferior position
-US and GB fleets are very widespread
and Japans is concentrated.
-no more foritifcation = good for Japan =
less vulnerable
-aircraft carriers = can be used as bases
if isles arent fortified.
Japan in the 1920s
-Japans new emperor: Hirohito
-undergoes a lot of changes in market =
more markets.
-restrictions on just isles
-Zaibatsu = private conglomerations of
production (e.g Mitsubishi) = important
to economy
-increase democritization
-military is gaining influence
-authoritarianism vs. democracy
-US becomes a major trading partner
with Japan
-racial tensions between US and Japan
(banned from entering US)
-Fear about naval arms race
London Naval Conference, 1930
-Ratio imposed on smaller ships 10:10:7
(US, GB, Japan)
-France and Italy dont sign.
-parity in submarines (all have same #)
-defer construction of new capital ships
-japan withdraws in 1936.
China: The Sick man of asia
-Sun Yat-Sen, president = get Japan
out, European concessions.
-Very fragmented China - he has no
control - warlords do
-Chang Tso-Lin has Manchuria and is
working with Japanese.
-Wu Pei-Fu has Peking and Europeans
are dealing with him.
-outrage in China because of Shantung
Peninsula
=> Nationalism outbreak "May 4th
Movement"
China the sick man of asia
May 4th Movement
Nationalist outbreak
-starts as a student movement
-spreads
-huge
-active participation
China the sick man of asia:
KMT
Yat-Sen pushes nationalism,
deomcracy, peoples welfare
-Kuomintang = is in charge of Chinese
nationalist party (KMT)
-needs help so he turns to the soviet
union.
-The Communist International is formed
= deal w/ soviets, help him organize
KMT, helps organize military.
-Created Whampoa Military Academy
under control of Chiang Kal-Shek (Yet-
Sens prodigy) = not a communist
-1925 Yet-Sen dies and he takes over
KMT announcement
-Shek announces that the KMT is
natoinal government in China (1926-
1928)
-embarks on the Nrothern expedition to
take over and unite country
-has to work with chinese communist
party because of soviets.
-1928 in Beijing/Peking = uniting
= Japanese nightmare is losing
Manchuria
-boycots, KMT influence in Manchuria
=> gain control of it
-US gives up concessions in China - no
control
=> US becomes Chinas most favored
nation.
Chinese Communist Party, 1921
Mao Zedong, 1919
-becomes radicalized
-alliance between KMT and communist
power until 1927 (Shek turns against
them and suppresses them)
-Mao becmoes important
French Indochina
-made up of a # of dif countries
-French treat Vietnam as 3 units =
Tonkin-North, Annam-Middle, and
Cochinchina-south
-administered differently
-WWI increasing opposition to french
rule, esp in Vietnam.
=self determination doesnt apply to
them = resentment.
Ho Chi Mihn
-travels world and sees colonialism
-Ho is the leader of Vietnamese
-demands things from Wilson at Paris
peace conference
-disillusioned by French socialists
-turns to communists in 1920s -
becomes a communist
-1929 in Hong Kong - meets other
nationalists (e.g. Vonguyen Giap and Le
Doc Tho)
= they found the Indo-Chinese
Communist party.
The British Raj: India
-India isnt under total direct rule =
indirect rule working w/ the existing
ruling elite.
-outbreaks of Indian Nationalism
1919, Amritsar Massacre
-indian nationalist outbreak
-catalyst for indian
nationalist/independence movement.
-they thought hteyd get more autonomy
for helping in war-
-most soldiers were Sikhs (predisposed
warriors)
Sikh Gathering
April 13, 1919 = 10,000 Sikhs gather in
huge garden in Punjab = religious day
- demonstration against the Rowlatt Act
= extended British powers against
suspected terrorists = no gatherings of
more than 4 people, not lots of people
get message
-in response the British army is called
out
-Reginal Dyer, w/o warning they fire
against demonstrators = no way out
except thru british.
-goes on for 10 minutes = 400 killed,
1,200 wounded.
-Dyers men go back to camp and
doesnt help the idnians.
=> Galvanized the nationalists
Mohandas K. Gandhi
-Indian independence on widescale
-non-violence
-worked with political mastermind
Jawaharal Nehru
and Gandhi is the spiritual mastermind.
The Inter-American Region
-massive imbalance of power between
US and Latin America
-mythology about relationship between
US and latin America = sisterhood = not
realistic
Legal Justification
-Monroe Doctrine, 1823 (enforced by
britain because its in their interest)
-Roosevelt collary, 1904
Concerns
-security and economic
-speak softly and carry a big stick =
back up claims
-US has the power so they have to back
up what they've said.
Case Studies:
Panama Canal
-essential for fleets
-US fostered Revolution between
Panama and Colombia and now lease it
for $250,000 a year.
= makes trade a lot easier.
-Caribean takes on a new meaning
Dollar Diplomacy
= if you can make a country stable it will
be a more stable place to imvest =
imperial capitalism but not called that
Hispanola
-the islands of Haiti and the Dominican
republic = hispanola
-they are the gates to the panama canal
= whoever controls them controls canal
-only threat to US
-Wilson, 1912, wants the Monroe
Doctrine intensified and says he wants
to spread "good government" to Latin
american countries so they learn
responsible and moral governing.
Revolution in Haiti
1915 there is a revolution in Haiti
-concern with european intervention
-sends marines
-control banks, customs, treasury = run
their govt
-new consitution - pretty much a
protectorate
-similiar thing done in Dominican
republic/same actions 1916-1924
-> enforcement of Monroe Doctrine and
Roosevelt Collary
Case Studies:
Nicaragua
-revolution in Nicaragua
-1914 - US and Nicaragua sign threaty
giving US permission to run their
finances -> run by the govt no longer
private investment
-Cesare Augusto Sandino = outraged,
forms an army of poor people - low level
insurgency
-> increasing opposition
Case Studies:
Mexico
-most "spectacular" intervention
-Porfirio Diaz, 1876-1911, dictator
-reason for good relations between US
and Mexico = encourages forgeign
investment
-> Increasing resentment to him and his
ideals
Revolution in Mexico
-1911 - Revolution
-Replaced by Francisco Madero 1911-
1913 = pushes for reform
-1913 another coup
and Victoriano Huerto replaces him
1913-1914
Victoriano Huerto
-Authoritarian
-ties to the elite
-> Drives wilson nuts - epitmizes lacking
good govt.
-witholds huerto's recognition and
supports huertos enemies (encouraging
the constitutionalists)
-tension
Visit to tampicko
-April 14, 1914 = US ships in ocean
visits Tampicko without permission
-they are arrested, outraged and
demand release and an apology
-commander of ship demands a 21 gun
salute, refused
-> Wilson orders occupaton of port,
Vera Cruz (7 months)
Genral Vestiano Carranza
1914-1920 takes over
-US offers to support and help them -
refused.
US looks for alternatives to him and find
Francisco Pancho Villa
Francisco Pancho Villa
represents the poor
-hooks up with Emiliano Zapata
=men of peace
-1915 US declares themsevles neutral
and recognizes Carranza.
-Villa is being suppressed and feels
betrayed.
Provokation of US intervention
by Villa
Decides to provke US intervention to get
a rally for himself
-1916 him and 400 men raid town in
New Mexico -> US is outraged and
demands his capture
-sends military led by General Pershing
-can't find Villa all over mexico =
resentment, 1917 pulled out of Mexico
and falls apart.
Mexicos new consitution
-1917
-restricts amount of foreign investment
allowed
-limits power of the church
-extensive land reform
-Feb 1918 - another proclamation - oil is
now a national resource in Mexico =>
Govt concessions, govt gets profits on
all raw materials = conflic tw/ the US

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10/23/2014 International Relations Midterm Exam Flashcards - Cram.

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