Lesson 4 Scientific Revolution

I. Introduction

- People were not contented about Aristotles ideas so they studied the Greeks
discoveries to know the truth. And this began the way for the scientific revolution.

II. Presentation
A. The Scientific Method
- Aristotle made a system of thought and reasoning process called logic. By the
ending of middle Ages, scholars began to question some ancient ideas so they made
observations about the planets and stars that contradicted the theories accepted.

- Scientists made mathematical calculations easier by the use of Hindu-Arabic
numerals. Then Rene Descartes, a French philosopher invented a new kind of
mathematics, the analytic geometry. A new approach to scientific study developed called
scientific method which is a 3-step approach.

- Rene Copernicus, a Polish mathematician and astronaut, helped in developing
the scientific method. He even published a book, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly
Spheres. He used mathematical calculations to show that Ptolemys view that earth was
the center of the universe was wrong. But having lack of evidence his ideas were
rejected.

B. Further Discoveries
- Tycho Brahe, a Danish astronomer built an observation to study planets in the
late 1500. A German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler used this
information to prove Copernicus theories. And in 1609, Kepler pronounced that planets
move in another kind of orbit called an ellipse.

- Galileo Galilee used a magnifying instrument, the telescope, to observe the
planets and stars. And with this he able to prove that Keplers observations were true.
Then an English Mathematician, Sir Isaac Newton, developed calculus, a method of
calculation.

- Newton also contributed the law of gravity that was written as a mathematical
formula. It states that a force of attraction between objects that is release to their mass
and that the force increases as objects move closer together.

C. Improvements in Medicine
- Paracelsus disproved Galens idea that chemical changes so he was hounded by
one university after another, though he gained fame for healing the sick. In 1543,
Andreas Vesalius wrote a book and accurate drawings of the human anatomy. After
studying Vesalius textbook, Ambroise Pare made an ointment to treat a wound and a
technique to close wounds using stitches.

- Then in 1600s, William Harvey studied the blood circulation through the body.
Leopold Avenbrugger discovered the connection of sound with medicine. While
Whilhelm Konrad Reontgen discovered radiation ion 1895 and pioneered the use of X-
Ray. The barometer was first discovered by Torricelli and Volta discovered by Torricelli
and Volta discovered the use of electric battery. Einstein discovered the principle of
relativity or the link between matter and energy. Robert Hooke discovered the cells.
Louisse Pastuer discovered a way to eradicate harmful bacteria called pasteurization. And
Robert Boyle established the science of chemistry.

III. Questions
Match column A with column B.

______ 1.Robert Hooke a. x-ray
______ 2. Sir Isaac Newton b. scientific method
______ 3. Whilhelm Konrad Reontgen c. cells
______ 4. Robert Boyle d. ointment
______ 5.Torricelli e. logic
______ 6.Rene Descartes f. barometer
______ 7.Nicholas Copernicus g. The science of chemistry
______ 8.Aristotle h. calculus
______ 9.Louise Pasteur i. analytical geometry
______ 10.Ambroise Pare j. pasteurization
























IV. Answer Key

1. c.
2. h.
3. a.
4. g.
5. f.
6. i.
7. b.
8. e.
9. j.
10.d.


V. Remarks

--- Needs Improvement
--- Good
--- Satisfactory
--- Very Satisfactory
--- Outstanding