Peter Sterken Wind load analysis for trees

in accordance with Eurocode 1, part 2-4.

Data input=
Tree characteristics
Quercus robur
Height tree= 21.00 m
Crown diameter= 12.00 m
Height trunk= 1.50 m
Circumference= 245.00 cm
Bark thickne= 4.00 cm
!eidua" wa"" thickne, t= #.50 cm
0.25
Compreion trength= 2.$0 k%&cm'cm
(ee "it of pecie)
Environment
*"titude= 10.00 m
+inimum temperature= -15.00 ,C
E-pected wind peed for the area=
1.0.00 km&h
/ 0eter 1terken 2002
1pecie (ee "it of pecie)=
Cw-3a"ue (ee "it of pecie)=
www.sterken.be
1
2
.
4
5
2
4
$
#
10
11
12
1.
14
15
12
14
1$
1#
20
21
Wind velocityin m/s
Wind load analysis for trees
in accordance with Eurocode 1, part 2-4.
Results=
Wind load analysis for trees
Crown area= 1$..4$ m'm
*ir denit5= 1..4 kg&m'm'm
6ind peed= .4.2# m&
at height= 12.2. m
6ind "oad= 42.#2 k%
4.$0.55 kg
6ind induced 7ending moment= 525.14 k%m
Bending fracture of the sound stem=
Critica" wind peed= 4#.#5 m&
1afet5= 14#.4. 8
!e9uired reidua" wa"" thickne= $..2 cm
Torsion safety of the closed and concentric residual wall=
Critica" wind peed= 20.4. m&
1afet5= 222.21 8
Bending fracture of the residual wall=
t&! meaured= 0.24
Critica" wind peed= .#.12 m&
1afet5= 110.05 8
Dynamics=
%atura" fre9uenc5= 4.$2 H:
;crit<reonance= 24..5 m&
E9ui3a"ent wind "oad= 2..11 k%
Please consult the following publications, in order to interpret correctly wind load analysis for trees:
1terken 0 (2002) 0rognoi of the de3e"opment of deca5 and the fracture-afet5 of ho""ow tree.
*r7oricu"tura" =ourna". ;o" 2#> 245-224
1terken 0 (2005) * ?uide for @ree-ta7i"it5 *na"5i. 1econd and e-panded edition.
Ani3erit5 and !eearch-centre of 6ageningen> http>&&"i7rar5.wur.n"&gkn&
1terken 0 (200$) +ode"i:aciBn de "a eta7i"idad de" ar7o"ado 5 pa"mera. CD!E1@*.
*ociaciBn 5 Co"egio Dficia" de Engeniero @Fcnico Coreta"e. %G .$> 5#-24.
1terken 0 (2002) 0rognoe 3an de 7reuk3atheid 3an ho""e 7omen. H0B %ieuw7rief.
Hring 0raktierende Boom3er:orger. Iutch E1* chapter. ;o". 24> 1-10. %eder"and.
reponi7"e for an5 error contained and i not "ia7"e for an5 damage reu"ting from the ue of thi materia", nor
for an5 interpretation of the ca"cu"ation. @hee ca"cu"ation are on"5 intended for educationa" purpoe
and hou"d on"5 7e emp"o5ed 75 a profeiona" trained in thi method.
/ 0eter 1terken 2002
Disclaimer: 6hi"e e3er5 effort ha 7een made to 3a"idate the o"ution in thi workheet, 0eter 1terken i not
www.sterken.be
Please consult the following publications, in order to interpret correctly wind load analysis for trees:
/ 0eter 1terken 2002
www.sterken.be
List of tree secies!
Eucalyptus diversicolor
..15 0.25
Celtis spp. (African celtis)
4.1$ 0.25
Abies alba 1.50 0.20
Acer pseudoplatanus 2.50 0.25
Acer negundo 2.00 0.25
Acer capestre 2.55 0.25
Acer saccharinu 2.00 0.25
Acer saccharu 2.00 0.25
Aesculus hippocastanu 1.40 0..5
Ailanthus altissia 1.20 0.15
!etula pendula 2.20 0.12
Chaaecyparis lawsoniana 2.00 0.20
Cedrus deodara 1.50 0.20
"agus sylvatica 2.25 0..0
Alnus glutinosa 2.00 0.25
"ra#inus e#celsior 2.20 0.20
Picea abies 2.10 0.20
Picea oori$a 1.20 0.20
Carpinus betulus 1.20 0.25
Castanea sativa 2.50 0.25
Cercis sili%uastru 1.50 0.20
&ari# decidua 1.40 0.15
&iriodendron tulipifera 1.40 0.25
Pinus pinaster 1.$0 0.20
Pinus sylvestris 1.40 0.15
Platanus # hybrida 2.40 0.25
Populus # canescens 2.00 0.25
Populus nigra 'italica' 1.20 0..0
Populus nigra 2.00 0.20
Populus alba 2.00 0.20
Pseudotsuga en(iesii 2.00 0.20
Pyrus counis 1.40 0..0
Quercus robur 2.$0 0.25
Quercus rubra 2.00 0.25
)obinia pseudoacacia 2.00 0.15
)obinia onophylla 2.00 0.20
*ali# alba 1.20 0.20
*ali# alba '+ristis' 1.20 0.20
*e%uoyadendron giganteu 1.$0 0.20
*ophora ,aponica 2.00 0.15
*orbus aria 1.20 0.25
+ilia # hollandica 1.40 0.25
+ilia euchlora 1.45 0.25
+ilia toentosa 2.00 0..0
+ilia platyphyllos 2.00 0.25
+ilia cordata 2.00 0.25
-lus glabra 2.00 0.25
.uglans regia 2.20 0..5
Compreion
trength in k%&cmJ
Cw 3a"ue
(h5pothetica")
Pinus pinea 1.$0 0.20
Cupressus sepervirens 2.00 0.20
(')=*ccording to Ka3er (1#$.) and 6eo""5 and Er7 (1##$).
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