Q1. What is the Difference between Dataset and Datareader?

A. Dataset is cache of records retrieve from data source.

Datareader is used to retrieve data from datasource.
1.Using Datareader we can read the data readnly,forwordonly
basis.
2.Only one record in a memmory at a tme
3.Faster
4.Doesnot hold any data
5.Data can not be transfer to datasource
Wher as in Dataset
1. we can read and write and allow us to navigate through
the records forword and backwords.
2.Pulls the records from the datasource and saves in IIS
memmory.
3.Slower
4.Holds datatables and has the information about
relationship between those tbes.
5.Data can be transfer to datasource
Q2.Polymorphism
Polymorphism is one of the crucial features of OOP. It means "one
name, multiple forms". It is also called as Overloading which means the use of
same thing for different purposes. Using Polymorphism we can create as many
functions we want with one function name but with different argument list. The
function performs different operations based on the argument list in the
function call. The exact function to be invoked will be determined by checking
the type and number of arguments in the function.
Q3.Inheritance
A key feature of OOP is reusability. It's always time saving and useful if
we can reuse something that already exists rather than trying to create the same
thing again and again. Reusing the class that is tested, debugged and used many
times can save us time and effort of developing and testing it again. Once a
class has been written and tested, it can be used by other programs to suit the
program's requirement. This is done by creating a new class from an existing
class. The process of deriving a new class from an existing class is
called Inheritance. The old class is called the base class and the new class is
called derived class. The derived class inherits some or everything of the base
class. In Visual Basic we use the Inherits keyword to inherit one class from
other.
Q4.Class:
Class is a conceptual representation of all entities that share a common
Attribute and behaviours.
Q5. Object:
Object is an instace of class. All objects of the class have an individual
copies of the attribute.
Q6.Advantage of class and Object:
Ans:1) Maintenace of code by introducing modelarlty.
2).Encapsulation of internal complexity in code from end user.
3).Reuse of code across application
4).Support for a single interface to implement multiple method.
Q7.Structure
Ans: Using Structure we can create our own Datatype
Q8.NameSpace:
Ans: Namespace are naing schema that help you organize the class available in
an application so that they can be easily found
Q9.Access Specifiers:
Ans:Public: Gives variable public access which means that there is no
restriction on their accessibility
Private: Gives variable private access which means that they are accessible
only within their declaration content
Protected: Protected access gives a variable accessibility within their own class
or a class derived from that class
Friend: Gives variable friend access which means that they are accessible
within the program that contains their declaration
Protected Friend: Gives a variable both protected and friend access
Static: Makes a variable static which means that the variable will hold the value
even the procedure in which they are declared ends
Shared: Declares a variable that can be shared across many instances and which
is not associated with a specific instance of a class or structure
ReadOnly: Makes a variable only to be read and cannot be written
Q10. Overriding
The method in the derived class the has the
same name in the base class and it changes the behaviour or
functionality of the method in the base class.
Q.9 Visual Basic .NET we create an abstract class by using
the MustInherit keyword. An abstract class like all
other classes can implement any number of members. Members of
anabstract class can either be Overridable (all the
inheriting classes can create their own implementation of the members) or they
can have a fixed implementation that will be common to all inheriting
members. Abstract classes can also specify abstract members.
Like abstract classes, abstract members also provide no details regarding their
implementation. Only the member type, access level, required parameters and
return type are specified. To declare an abstract member we use
the MustOverride keyword. Abstract members should be declared
in abstract classes.
Implementing Abstract Class
When a class inherits from an abstract class, it
must implement every abstract member defined by
the abstract class. Implementation is possible by
overriding the member specified in
the abstract class. The following code demonstrates
the declaration and implementation of
an abstract class.
Module Module1
Public MustInherit Class AbstractClass
'declaring an abstract class with
MustInherit keyword
Public MustOverride Function Add() As
Integer
Public MustOverride Function Mul() As
Integer
'declaring two abstract members with
MustOverride keyword
End Class
Public Class AbstractOne
Inherits AbstractClass
'implementing the abstract class by
inheriting
Dim i As Integer = 20
Dim j As Integer = 30
'declaring two integers
Public Overrides Function Add() As Integer
Return i + j
End Function
'implementing the add method
Public Overrides Function Mul() As Integer
Return i * j
End Function
'implementing the mul method
End Class
Sub Main()
Dim abs As New AbstractOne()
'creating an instance of AbstractOne
WriteLine("Sum is" & " " & abs.Add())
WriteLine("Multiplication is" & " " &
abs.Mul())
'displaying output
Read()
End Sub
End Module
Q10. Encapsulation:
encapsulation refers to how well a programming language hides the
internal implemention of classes from users who use them. After all, users do
not wan't to know and need not know how a specific class is implemented (the
actual lines of code). They just use it. As an example, we use the File class yet
we do not know how its implemented internally! For us, who use this class, the
internal implementation details are useless in terms of its usage, anyway. This
is known as encapsulation
Q11.Garbage Collection.
Garbage collection is the mechanism to release memory from unused objects
and components of the applications.
Q12. what is the difference between string and string builder?
system. string is immutable, system.string builder was designed with the
purpose of having a mutable string where a variety of operations can be
performed.
Q13. Difference Between Array and array list?
Array is the collection of values of the same data type
the variables in an array is called array elements Array is a reference type data
type The array structure in System's Memory
Array list is a class .
when you want to access the elements of an array through its index value
location in an array, use an Array List.
The use of the arraylist is an alternative to the use of th array.
The Methods Of Array List class are
1)Add
2)Remove
3)Clear
4)Insert
5)TrimToSize
6)Sort
7)Revers
Q 14. What is the base class of .net?
System.Object
Q 15. What is Difference between Namespace and Assembly?
Namespace is a collection of different classes. Whereas an assembly is
the basic building blocks of the .net framework.
Q16. What is the concept of destructors in VB.NET?
Destructors are used to de-allocate resources i.e. to clean up after an
object is no longer available.
Finalize is the destructor which is normally used. Finalize is called
automatically when the .NET runtime determines that the object is no longer
being used.
Q17. Explain about .NET?
Basically .net is a framework and a development platform. It supports
different technologies as well as different languages. With the help of CLR it is
capable of providing facility to use more than one language within an
application automatically when the .NET runtime determines that the object is
no longer being used.
Q18. What do you mean by Serialization and Deserialization and its use?
To store the vb.net for data into an xml file is called Serialization. To
load data from xml file to vb.net form is called DeSerialization.
Q19. Whats the difference bt. .dll extension and .exe extension files?
The main difference between .dll and .exe is
.dll is the In process component where it take up the client's memory
space to run. So the communication between the application and
component(dll) is very fast.
.EXE is the Out of process component. It uses its own memory(not
application memory) to run the component. The communication between the
application and component is slow when compared to .dll
Q20.What is the difference between early binding and late binding?
Calling a non-virtual method, decided at a compile time is known as
early binding. Calling a virtual method (Pure Polymorphism), decided at a
runtime is known as late binding.
Q21 .What is Intermediate Langauge?
Microsoft Intermediate Language(MSIL or IL) is the CPU -independent
instruction set into which .Net framework programs are compiled. It contains
instructions for loading, storing initializing, and calling methods on objects.
Q22. What is Commom Language Runtime?
CLR also known as Common Language Run time provides a
environment in which program are executed, it activate object, perform security
check on them, lay them out in the memory, execute them and garbage collect
them.
Q23. What is Common Type System?
The common type system is a rich type system, built into the common
language runtime, which supports the types and operations found in most
programming languages.
Q24. What is Common Language Specification?
The Common Language Specification is a set of constructs and
constraints that serves as a guide for library writers and compiler writers.
Q25. Whats the difference between private and shared assembly?
Private assembly is used inside an application only and does not have to
be identified by a strong name. Shared assembly can be used by multiple
applications and has to have a strong name.
Q26. What are the advantages of an assembly?
Increased performance. Better code management and encapsulation. It
also introduces the n-tier concepts and business logic.
Q27. What is Code Access Security?
CAS - Code Access Security is the part of the .NET security model that
determines whether or not a piece of code is allowed to run, and what resources
it can use when it is running.
Q28. What is the differences between dataset. Clone and dataset. Copy?
Dataset. Clone copies just the structure of dataset (including all the
datatables, schemas, relations and constraints.); however it doesnt copy the
data.
Dataset. Copy, copies both the dataset structure and the data.
Q29. What is the use of Internal keyword?
Internal keyword is one of the access specifier available in .Net
framework , that makes a type visible in a given assembly , for e.g : a single dll
can contain multiple modules.
Q30. What is the difference between the Debug class and Trace class?
Use Debug class for debug builds, use Trace class for both debug and
release builds.
Q31. What is the difference between a Thread and a Process?
A Process is an instance of an running application. And a thread is the
Execution stream of the Process. A process can have multiple Thread.
Q32. What is a Constructor?
A special Method Always called whenever an instance of the class is
created.
Q33. What is the GAC?
Each computer where the common language runtime is installed has a
machine-wide code cache called the global assembly cache. The global
assembly cache stores assemblies that are to be shared by several applications
on the computer. This area is typically the folder under windows or winnt in the
machine.
Q34. Explain the use of virtual, sealed, override, and abstract.
A:The virtual keyword enables a class to be overridden. If it has to be
prevented from being overridden, then the sealed keyword needs to be used. If
the keyword virtual is not used, members of the class can even then be
overridden. However, its usage is advised for making the code meaningful.
The override keyword is used to override the virtual method in the base class.
Abstract keyword is used to modify a class, method or property declaration.
You cannot instantiate an abstract class or make calls to an abstract method
directly.
An abstract virtual method means that the definition of the method needs to be
given in the derived class.
Q35. What are the types of Authentication?
There are 3 types of Authentication.
Windows authentication
Forms authentication
Passport authentication.
Q36. What is the use of JIT ?
JIT (Just - In - Time) is a compiler which converts MSIL code to Native
Code (ie. CPU-specific code that runs on the same computer architecture).
Q37.What is Delegates?
Delegates are a type-safe, object-oriented implementation of function
pointers and are used in many situations where a component needs to call back
to the component that is using it.
Q38. What is a Static class?
Static class is a class which can be used or accessed without creating an
instance of the class.
Q39. What are the two main parts of the .NET Framework?
There are the two main parts of the .NET Framework are :
The common language runtime (CLR).
The .NET Framework class library.
Q40. What are the difference between Structure and Class?
Structures are value type and Classes are reference type.
Structures cannot have contractors or destructors. Classes can have both
contractors and destructors. Structures do not support Inheritance, while
Classes support Inheritance
Q41. What is difference between Class And Interface?
Class : is logical representation of object. It is collection of data and
related sub procedures with defination.
Interface : is also a class containg methods which is not having any definations.
Class does not support multiple inheritance. But interface can support.