Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
1) Describe paging
2)PSTN stands for
3)NAMPS stands for
4) Briefly explain features of satellite
5) Differentiate between soft handover and hard handover
6) Explain drawbacks of IMTS briefly
7) Describe 3 new features of AMPS
8) Evaluate 3 differences between AMPS and NAMPS
9) Explain roaming
10) Explain frequency re use
Waqar Hassan
Whats is co-channel interface and how it effect on user?and how to overcome it?
There are several cells that use the same set Frequencies call co-channel.
Interference between signals from these cells is called co-channel interference and it creatre
noise during call.To overcome co-channel interface The co-channel cells must be physically
separated.
What is roaming and what about FCC is it change or not?
Roaming allows subscribers to operate in mobile phone service areas other than the
service area where the service is subscribed. Since FCC are everywhere the same,
roamer is receiving information from FCC.
What is trunking and what about its benefit?
Trunking is a statistical concept which allows a large number of users to share relatively small
number of channels providing access on demand from a pool of available channels. Relatively
small number of channels can serve a large number of users since all users are not demanding
access and utilization of the system at
the same time.
What happened if channel is not available for a active mobile user?
If a channel is not available immediately the call request may be put in a queue and delayed until
a channel becomes available.
What is Cellular System Radio Interface and components of its system?
The common air interface (CAI) defines communication between BS and MS
Types of channels used in a mobile system:
Forward voice channel (FVC)
Forward control channel (FCC)
Reverse voice channel (RVC)
Reverse control channel (RCC)
Difference between hard and soft hand off and which is good in your opnion and why?
Channelized wireless systems (such as GSM) have to switch channels in the process of
handoff.There is always risk of losing the connection. IS-95, Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA) system provides Soft Handoff. It does not mean changing the channel
But rather deciding which base station will handle the connection. This is a unique property of
CDMA concept. In hard hand off call transfer on specific time to another channel in next cell if
not call will b drop.
In my opinion soft hand off is better because it is much advance then the hard hand off.
What IMTS provide and what its draw back?
11channels in the 152-158-MHz band,
full-duplex operation,
automatic dialing, and
automatic channel searching.
1969 an additional 12 channels were added in the
454-459-MHz band.
In IMTS each base-station antenna was
located on a tall structure and transmitted at
high power in an attempt to provide
coverage throughout the entire service area.
Because of these high power requirements,
all subscriber mobile units in the IMTS
system were instruments that carried large
batteries.
Define analog and digital communication and describe it.
Analog signals continuous-time signal waveforms. And analog source that produce analog
signals .analog signals transmitted directly via carrier modulation over the communication
channel and demodulated accordingly at the receiver are called analog communication system.
Digital signal are transmitted via digital modulation and demodulated as a digital signal at the
receiver and this system is called digital communication system.
What is paging system and page ?
Paging systems are wireless communication systems that send brief
messages to a subscriber
A message is sent to a paging subscriber via
the paging system access number by a
telephone keypad or modem
The issued message is called a page
Satellite Communication System and what its funcation?
In a geostationary satellite system, a message signal is transmitted from an earth station via an
uplink to a satellite, amplified in a transponder on board the satellite, and then retransmitted via
downlink to another earth station.
M umar
Q.1: Name multiple access techniques?
Q.2: Define full duplexing?
Q.3: Define frequency re-use?
Q.4: What is Hand-off? Describe the types of Hand-off?
Q.5: What is spectral efficiency?
Q.6: What are the drawbacks of IMTS?
Q.7:Describe about NAMPS?
Q.8: What is function of control channels?
Q.9: What I Roaming? and there register?
Q.10: What is cellular concept?
Faheem ali
1. Define hard handoff?
2. Define wireless comm?
3. Define antennas?
4. Define duplexing techniques?
5. Define cellular concept?
6. Define frequency reuse?
7. Define 1
st
generation?
8. Define electromagnetic spectrum?
9. FDD stands for?
10.Define multiplexing techniques?
Waqar ali
1. What are types of radio communication systems.?
2. Describe , Paging, Cordless System.?
3. What you know about Satellite Communication.?
System
4. DfineCellular Coverage and Handoff (Handover).?
5. What you know about Amps (success & Improvements).?
6. Describe Cellular Telephone SystemStructure and is roaming.?
7. Define Scalability.?
8. Describe Channel Assignment.?
9. What is Dwell Time.?
10. Abbrivations of given below stand for what
Maho Gsm Cdma Pstn .
Hamza bin Khalid
Describe control and voice channel?
Two type of channel assignment?
Rules for channel assignment?
What is Dwell time?
What are two types of handover?
What is cell dragging?
What is co-channel interference?
Describe soft & hard handover?
SNR = 20 DB. S=100w,n=? dbm
Snr= 100, s=20db, n=? dbw
H. usman siddiq
1. What is handoff?
2.What is cell?
3.What are types of cells?
4.What are multiplexing techniques?
5.What are duplexing techniques?
6.What are antenna types?
7.Explain disadvantages of IMTS?
8.Difference between AMPS and NAMPS?
9.What is CAI?
10.What is Co channel interference?
Unkown
1.how many types of control chanels write the names ???
ANS.There are two types of control chanels
a.forward control chanel.
B.reverse control channnel
.
2.Name the types of voice channels??
ANS.There are teo types of voice channels
a.forward voice channel
b.reverse voice channel
3.What is dwell time?
ANS.The time a call can be maintain within a cell without a handover is called dwell time.
4.what is hanover ? write its types.
ANS.handover is a process in which call is droped while transfering its data from one base
station to the other.It has two types
a.soft handover.
b.hard handover.
5. Cordless telephone (CT) and how they oprate?
ANS.Cordless telephone (CT) is a communication system using radio waves to connect portable
handset to a dedicated fixed port (base station) which is connected to PSTN as a normal
telephone line (using
ordinary telephone numbers). CT provides limited range and mobility in
the vicinity of the base station (100 m).
6.what is popular frequency range of satellite communication and whats reason to use it?
ANS.The most popular frequency band for satellite communications is 6GHz for the uplink and
4GHz for the downlink for the following
reasons:
Relatively inexpensive microwave equipment
Low attenuation due to rainfall (primary cause of signal
degradation)
Insignificant sky background noise (galactic, solar and terrestrial
sources produce low noise in the region 1-10GHz).
7.What is cellular communication system and whats frequency range on which system operate?
ANS.Cellular telephones are personally portable devices that may be used in motor vehicles
or by pedestrians.
Communicating by radio-wave in the 800-900-megahertz band, they permit a
significant degree of mobility within a defined serving region that may be
hundreds of square kilometers in area.
8.Whats the benefit of frequency re-use?
ANS.That gives us the opportunity for the sending and the receiving frequencies assigned to a
cell to be
reused in other (more distant) cells within the larger geographic area.
Thus, the spectral efficiency of a cellular system is increased by a factor equal to the number of
times a frequency may be reused within its service area.
9.What is AMPS and whats its feature?
ANS.During this time the American cellular radio system, known as the advanced mobile phone
system, or AMPS, was developed primarily by AT&T and Motorola, Inc.
AMPS was based on 666 paired voice channels, spaced every 30 kilohertz in the 800-megahertz
region. AMPS system employed an analog-frequency modulation, and was designed to support
both
mobile and portable subscriber units.
10.How cellular telephone make a call?
ANS.Mobile station (phone) turned on it scans for the group of forward control
channels(FCC) to find the one with the strongest signal Monitors that control channel until the
signal
drops below usable level Again scans for the strongest control channel and then send voice call
on that channel.
11.Whats reason that noise channel added?
ANS.Additive noise channel arises from electronic components and amplifier at the receiver of
the communication system. Also arises from inference encountered in transmission as in the case
of radio signal transmission.
Anss Hassan
Q1.Base station are connected with whom..?
Ans.Base station are connected with MSC (mobile switches center).
Q2.Did communication connected with Base station or not?
Ans.Yes communication connected with base station,All communication are in MSC(mobile
switches center).
Q3.What are drawback of IMTS?
Ans.Height of BS are high to more power consumption transmit.
Q4.What is Handoff and its types?
Ans.Base station change in Handoff and it is of two types.
1.Hard Handoff.
2.Soft Handoff.
Q5.NAMPS stands for?
Ans.NAMPS stands for.. Narrow Advance Mobile Phone System.
Q6.What is the abbrevation of HLR and VLR?
Ans.The abbrevation of HLR is Home Location Register and VLR stand for visiting location
Register.
Q7.What is the purpose of Dynamic Channel Assignment?
Ans.Dynamic channel reduced the call blockage capacity and increase the capacity of the
system.
Q8.when did co-channel interference exist?
Ans.when frequency of users are same in different channel than co-channel interface exist.
Q9.What is GOS and list the method to find it?
Ans.Gos stand for Grade of service and following two methods are popular to find it:
1.Probability that a call is blocked.
2.Probability that a call will be delayed than specified quening time.
Q10. What is store program control (SPC)?
Ans. It is stored program control systems, a program or set of instructions to the computer is
stored in its memory and the instructions are executed automatically one by one by the processor.
Wajahat akmal
Ques 1. What is wireless communication concept ?
Ans1.Wireless communication is the transfer of information between two or more points
that are not connected by any physical medium.Wireless communications can be via:
1. Radio communication.
2. Microwave communication.
3. Light, Visible and Infrared communication.
Ques 2.What do you mean by frequency reuse ?
Ans 2.Each cellular Base Station is allocated a group of radio channels to be used. These
radio channels can be used by another base station which is at a suitable distance
awayform it.
Ques 3.What do you mean by Hand-off ?
Ans 3.When a mobile moves into a different cell while a conversation is in progress, the
mobile Switching Center automatically transfers the call to a new channel belonging
to the new Base Station.
Ques 4.Define: (a)FDMA (b) CDMA (c) TDMA ?
Ans 4.FDMA: Frequency Division Multiple Access
CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access
TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access
Ques 5.What are different Duplexing Techniques?
Ans 5.There are three types of duplexing tecniques.
1. Simplex: One way communication.
2. Half Duplex: Two way communication, but not at the same time.
3. Full duplex: Ability to transmit or receive signals at the same time.
Ques 6.Name the two Different types of boosters?
Ans 6. The two type of boosters are
1. Omni directional antenna: It is located in the centre of the cell.
2. Directional antenna: It is located at the edge of the cell.
Ques 7.What is MSC?
Ans7.Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) is the centre where all the calculations of calls
aredone e.g Observation of a call, Tracking , Balance checking etc.
Ques 8.Define the American Standard and its generations?
Ans 8.Following are the generations.
1. I-Gen 80s AMPs (FDMA) analog.
2. II-Gen 90s Is-54 (TDMA) IS-95 digitals.
3. III-Gen 2000s CDMA all digital.
Ques 9.Define the European Standard and its generations?
Ans 9.Following are the generations.
1- I-Gen 80s ETACS (FDMA) analog.
2- II-Gen 90sGSM(TDMA) digital (GPRS,EDGE) 64-144kbps.
3- III-Gen 2000s WCDMA (CDMA) all digital. 384kbps-2Mbps.
Ques 10. What is Scalability?
Ans 10.A characteristic of a system, model or function that describes its capability to
cope and perform under an increased or expanding workload. A system that scales
wellwill be able to maintain or even increase its level of performance or efficiency
when tested by larger operational demands.
Wahab qayyum
Q1:How many components does commnuication has?
Q2 What is a receiver?
Q3:Write a note on telephone history ?
Q4:Between a pager,a cellular phone and a cordless phone which device will have the longest
battery life between charging?why?ging
Q5:What is forward channel?
Q6:Write some examples of wireless communication system?
Q7:What is Fdma and Cdma?
Q8:Write draw back of ITMS?
Q9:what is CAI and types of channel used in mobile system?
Q10:Dwell time depend upon what factors?
M ali
Q#1 WHAT IS CO-CHANNEL INTEREFERENCE AND HOW TO MINIMIZE IT ?
Q#2 WHAT IS MEANT BY DWELL TIME ?
Q#3 WHAT IS SCALABILITY AND DERIVE ITS FORMULA?
Q#4 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HANDOVER AND HANDOFF?
Q#5 DEFINE TYPES OF HANDOVER?
Q#6 DEFINE THE PROCESS OF MAKING CALL ?
Q#7 WHO IS MORE COMPATIBLE AND LONG LASTING MAHO OR BAHO?
Q#8 DESCRIBE THE FUNCTION OF ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATIONSYSTEM (ECS)?
Q#9 IF LINEAR POWER PL=1000 WATT THEN WHAT WOULD BE THE POWER IN
DNM ,DBW?
Q#10 WHAT IS CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT?
Asif Khalid
Define cellular concept ?
Define cell dragging ?
SNR stand for and define its formula ?
Define register and its types also ?
Which thing are send to B.S when a call dial ?
Draw the graph of voice channel and control channel and also draw their graph ?
SNR=20db N= 100mw find S ?
P= 1,000 mw convert into P(dbm) ?