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ON
MANAGEMENT THESIS
BY
KEYUR A. PRAJAPATI
8NBVD062
ON
MANAGEMENT THESIS
SUBMITTED BY:
KEYUR A. PRAJAPATI
8NBVD062
(MBA 2008-2010)
(Class of 2008-10)
VADODARA
Submitted to-
MR. AMOL RANADIVE
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………..04
Preface………………………………………………………………………….05
General Information…………………………………………………………..06
Objectives of Study…………………………………………………………....09
Research Methodology………………………………………………………..10
Introduction to Company……………………………………………………..11
Holding Norms………………………………………………………………...35
Profitability Analysis………………………………………………………….38
Ration Analysis………………………………………………………………..40
Profitability……………………………………………………...41
Liquidity…………………………………………………………43
Growth…………………………………………………………..44
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..46
Reference………………………………………………………………………48
This project report is an outcome of sincere efforts and cooperation of everyone who helped
me. I conducted this fieldwork program under the supervision of two respectful guides.
I also express my deep and heartily gratitude and respect to my soft skills trainer Mrs. Durba medam
and Centre Head Mr.Ghosh Sir for their continuous guidance and support.
I am also very much thankful to all for giving me support, guidance and cooperation in conducting
this project. I am grateful to my college and University which gave me an opportunity to get a
practical exposure and understand the theoretical aspects more clearly by placing me in such a reputed
an renowned company and helping me to understand more clearly marketing & finance concepts.
This training would not have been successful without the support and cooperation of my parents,
friends and everyone who ahs helped me in carrying out fieldwork successfully.
This is an accepted fact that each and every work has two aspects and this universal truth is
also applicable so far as education is concerned, it also has two aspects one is theoretical and the other
is practical. Theoretical knowledge with practical experience is must for every students of
management. Thus practical experience plays a vital role in acquiring the real knowledge in
management study.
After looking to the importance of the practical study, INC Baroda outlined the Management
Thesis – I in III SEM which is helpful for me to explore my self and to understand the behavioral
pattern of investors in allocation of funds towards Gold.
From this report I have learnt how to outline the best Thesis on time. How I draft a
management thesis in way that it include objective of this thesis, limitations of this thesis,
methodology of this thesis, schedule and reference of this thesis
A financial system, which is inherently strong, functionally diverse and displays efficiency and
flexibility, is critical to our national objectives of creating a market-driven, productive and
competitive economy. A mature system supports higher levels of investment and promotes growth in
the economy with its depth and coverage. The financial system in India comprises of financial
institutions, financial markets, financial instruments and services. The Indian financial system is
characterized by its two major segments – an organized sector and a traditional sector that is also
known as informal credit market. Financial intermediation in the organized sector is conducted by a
large number of financial institutions which business organizations are providing financial services to
the community. The activities of financial institutions are further classified as banking and non-
banking entities. The reserve bank of India as the main regulator of credit is the apex institution in the
financial system. Other important financial institutions are the commercial banks. Non-bank financial
institutions include finance and leasing companies and other institutions like LIC, GIC, UTI, mutual
funds, provident funds, post office banks etc.
The financial sector in India had an overall growth of 15%, which has exhibited stability over the last
few years although several other markets across the Asian region were going through turmoil. The
development of the system pertaining to the financial sector was the key to the growth of the same.
With the opening of the financial market variety of products and services were introduced to suit the
need of the customer. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) played a dynamic role in the growth of the
financial sector of India.
Manufacturing takes turns under all types of economic systems. In a free market economy,
manufacturing is usually directed toward the mass production of products for sale to consumers at a
profit. In a collectivist economy, manufacturing is more frequently directed by the state to supply a
centrally planned economy. In free market economies, manufacturing occurs under some degree of
government regulation.
Modern manufacturing includes all intermediate processes required for the production and integration
of a product's components. Some industries, such as semiconductor and steel manufacturers use the
term fabrication instead.
The growth rate of manufacturing sector in a country truly reflects its economy potentiality. Most of
the developed countries are strong enough in their manufacturing sector.
Though the services sector in India has brought faster economic success, still the manufacturing sector
plays an important role on the ground of sustainability.
In India, though the manufacturing sector is growing at a faster pace still it has failed to some extent
with regards to its percentage share in the total GDP.
Both Government as well as the private sectors has come forward for the development of the
manufacturing sector of the country. More investments are being proposed in the sector particularly in
the growth rate of capital goods, consumer durables, and some non-durable goods.
The coming budget 2007-08 is to emphasize on the manufacturing sector in India’s Economy for
sustaining its growth and achieving development goals.
A well designed and implemented working capital management is expected to contribute positively to
the creation of a firm’s value.
Ø The main objective is to examine the trends in working capital management and its impact of
firms’ performance.
Ø The trend in working capital needs and profitability of firms are to be examined to identify
the causes for any significant difference between the industries.
Ø To study the key variables used in the analysis like inventories days, accounts receivables
days, accounts payable days and cash conversion cycle.
Ø To analyze how the firm is required to maintain a balance between liquidity and profitability
while conducting its day to day operations.
Ø To study the success factors that contribute to success or failure of a particular firm for
example availability of attractive financing, economic conditions, competition, government
regulations, technology and environmental factors.
Ø To analyze effective management of working capital as it may have a consequent impact on
small business survival and growth.
Ø To study how the firm is meeting day-to-day cash flow needs.
Ø To analyze how the firm pays wages and salaries when they fall due.
Ø To know how the firm makes regular payments to creditors to ensure continued supplies of
goods and services.
Ø To know how the firm is meeting with the payments of government taxes
Ø To analyze long term survival of the business entity.
The primary research of our study is to do multi-dimensional analysis of cash management using
different specified techniques and tools and also measure the changing patterns or trends in a present
scenario.
“An Analysis of Emerging corporate Cash Management Approaches and shift in the present scenario”
For the purpose of this study, profitability is measured by return on total assets, which is defined as
profit before interest and tax divided by total assets. The efficiency ratios, namely accounts
receivable, inventory and accounts payable will be computed using applicable formulas. The cash
conversion cycle will be used as a comprehensive measure of working capital.
In order to account for firm’s size and the other variables that may influence profits, the debt-equity
ratio, the gross working capital turnover ratio and the ratio of current assets to total assets will be
included in our study.
Bajaj Electricals Limited (BEL) is a part of the Rs. 20000 crore "Bajaj Group" who are in the business
of steel, sugar, two wheelers & three wheelers besides an impressive range of consumer electrical
products. We are a 70 year old company with a turnover of over Rs. 1404 crores aiming to be a Rs.
2001 crore company in the next couple of years.
Bajaj Electricals has 19 branch offices, a chain of 600 distributors, 3000 authorized dealers, over
2,50,000 retail outlets and over 230 service franchises spread across the country. BEL today has five
major strategic business units comprising of home appliances, fans, lighting, luminaries and
engineering & projects. We are also in the business of manufacturing, erection and commissioning of
Transmission Line Towers, Telecom Towers, Mobile Telecom Towers and Wind Energy Towers.
Export of all BEL's products except of its engineering and projects business unit is taken care of by
group company Bajaj International Pvt. Ltd.
~ A Tradition of Trust ~
We try and fulfill this responsibility by enhancing the quality of their lives, through state-of-the-art
products that are convenient to use.
Our Corporate Philosophy is also based on the same belief that enables us to move our products from
elegant store shelves and crowded market places, into the homes and hearts of millions of our loyal
consumers.
Trust is what has brought us this far. Trust is what will get us much further in the future.
We intend to excel, expand and explore newer vistas of learning, growth and performance, through
new alliances, joint ventures, technology transfers, global sourcing and indigenous manufacturing.
We intend to build upon our rich heritages of being an ethical and a responsible business group.
But most importantly, we commit ourselves to keeping alive the powerful legacy and heritage of our
founders.
“We aim to bring greater happiness to our customers by improving their quality of life, while
enhancing stakeholder value”
The Bajaj Group
“Do whatever you think best, but be best at whatever you do”
– Rahul Bajaj
A Group Built on Trust
The Bajaj group comprises 27 companies and was founded in the year 1926. The companies in the
group are:
Address Bajaj Electrical's Ltd. 45-47, Veer Nariman Road, Mumbai 400 023
Phone 91-22-22043841
Fax 91-22-22851279
E-mail publicity@bajajelectricals.com
Website http://www.bajajelectricals.com/
Business Manufacturers of electric fans, highmasts, lattice closed towers and poles, etc.
and marketing of electrical goods such as general lighting service lamps,
special lamps, compact fluorescent lamps, fluorescent tubes, luminaries, fans
and electrical & non-electrical appliances.
Every running business needs working capital. Even a business which is fully equipped with all types
of fixed assets required is bound to collapse without (i) adequate supply of raw materials for
processing; (ii) cash to pay for wages, power and other costs; (iii) creating a stock of finished goods to
feed the market demand regularly; and, (iv) the ability to grant credit to its customers. All these
require working capital. Working capital is thus like the lifeblood of a business. The business will not
be able to carry on day-to-day activities without the availability of adequate working capital. The
diagram shown on the next page clarifies it:
Working capital cycle involves conversions and rotation of various constituents/components of the
working capital. Initially ‘cash’ is converted into raw materials.
Subsequently, with the usage of fixed assets resulting in value additions, the raw materials get
converted into work in process and then into finished goods. When sold on credit, the finished goods
assume the form of debtors who give the business cash on due date. Thus ‘cash’ assumes its original
form again at the end of one such working capital cycle but in the course it passes through various
other forms of current assets too. This is how various components of current assets keep on changing
their forms due to value addition. As a result, they rotate and business operations continue. Thus, the
working capital cycle involves rotation of various constituents of the working capital.
While managing the working capital, two characteristics of current assets should be kept in mind viz.
(i) short life span, and (ii) swift transformation into other form of current asset. Each constituent of
current asset has comparatively very short life span. Investment remains in a particular form of
Ø Decision regarding management of the working capital has to be taken frequently and on a
repeat basis.
Ø The various components of the working capital are closely related and mismanagement of any
one component adversely affects the other components too.
Ø The difference between the present value and the book value of profit is not significant.
Every business needs some amount of working capital. It is needed for following purposes-
• For the purchase of raw materials, components and spares.
• To pay wages and salaries.
The working capital requirements should be met both from short term as well as long term sources of
funds.
A) Financing of working capital through short term sources of funds has the benefits of lower cost
and establishing close relationship with banks.
B) Financing of working capital through long term sources provides the benefits of reduces risk and
increases liquidity
It refers to that minimum amount of investment in all current assets which is required at all times to
carry out minimum level of business activities.
The amount of such working capital keeps on fluctuating from time to time on the basis of business
activities.
• Rate of return on investments also fall with the shortage of working capital.
• Excess working capital may result into over all inefficiency in organization.
• Excess working capital means idle funds which earn no profits.
• Inadequate working capital can not pay its short term liabilities in time.
A firm must have adequate working capital, i.e.; as much as needed the firm. It should be neither
excessive nor inadequate. Both situations are dangerous. Excessive working capital means the firm
has
idle funds which earn no profits for the firm. Inadequate working capital means the firm does not have
sufficient funds for running its operations. It will be interesting to understand the relationship between
working capital, risk and return. The basic objective of working capital management is to manage
firms current assets and current liabilities in such a way that the satisfactory level of working capital is
maintained, i.e.; neither inadequate nor excessive. Working capital some times is referred to as
“circulating capital”. Operating cycle can be said to be t the heart of the need for working capital. The
flow begins with conversion of cash into raw materials which are, in turn transformed into work-in
progress and then to finished goods. With the sale finished goods turn into accounts receivable,
presuming goods are sold as credit. Collection of receivables brings back the cycle to cash.
The working capital has the following components, which are in several forms of current assets:
v Stock of Cash
v Value of Debtors
v Miscellaneous current assets like short term investment loans & advances
The working capital needs of a business are influenced by numerous factors. The important ones are
discussed in brief as given below:
i. Nature of Enterprise
The nature and the working capital requirements of an enterprise are interlinked. While a
manufacturing industry has a long cycle of operation of the working capital, the same would be short
in an enterprise involved in providing services. The amount required also varies as per the nature; an
enterprise involved in production would require more working capital than a service sector enterprise.
Each enterprise in the manufacturing sector has its own production policy, some follow the policy of
uniform production even if the demand varies from time to time, and others may follow the principle
of 'demand-based production' in which production is based on the demand during that particular phase
of time. Accordingly, the working capital requirements vary for both of them.
The requirement of working capital fluctuates for seasonal business. The working capital needs of
such businesses may increase considerably during the busy season and decrease during the slack
season. Ice creams and cold drinks have a great demand during summers, while in winters the sales
are negligible.
If there is high competition in the chosen product category, then one shall need to offer sops like
credit, immediate delivery of goods etc. for which the working capital requirement will be high.
Otherwise, if there is no competition or less competition in the market then the working capital
requirements will be low.
If raw material is readily available then one need not maintain a large stock of the same, thereby
reducing the working capital investment in raw material stock. On the other hand, if raw material is
not readily available then a large inventory/stock needs to be maintained, thereby calling for
substantial investment in the same.
Growth and expansion in the volume of business results in enhancement of the working capital
requirement. As business grows and expands, it needs a larger amount of working capital. Normally,
the need for increased working capital funds precedes growth in business activities.
Generally, rising price level requires a higher investment in the working capital. With increasing
prices, the same level of current assets needs enhanced investment.
The manufacturing cycle starts with the purchase of raw material and is completed with the
production of finished goods. If the manufacturing cycle involves a longer period, the need for
working capital would be more.
Each constituent of the working capital is valued on the basis of valuation enumerated above for the
holding period estimated. The total of all such valuation becomes the total estimated working capital
requirement.
The assessment of the working capital should be accurate even in the case of small and micro
enterprises where business operation is not very large. We know that working capital has a very close
relationship with day-to-day operations of a business. Negligence in proper assessment of the working
capital,
therefore, can affect the day-to-day operations severely. It may lead to cash crisis and ultimately to
liquidation. An inaccurate assessment of the working capital may cause either under-assessment or
over-assessment of the working capital and both of them are dangerous.
Growth may be stunted. It may become difficult for the enterprise to undertake profitable
projects due to non-availability of working capital.
Implementation of operating plans may become difficult and consequently the profit goals
may not be achieved.
Optimum capacity utilization of fixed assets may not be achieved due to non-availability of
the working capital.
The business may fail to honor its commitment in time, thereby adversely affecting its
credibility. This situation may lead to business closure.
The business may be compelled to buy raw materials on credit and sell finished goods on
cash. In the process it may end up with increasing cost of purchases and reducing selling prices by
offering discounts.
It may lead to offer too liberal credit terms to buyers and very poor recovery system and cash
management.
Over-investment in working capital makes capital less productive and may reduce return on
investment.
Working capital is very essential for success of a business and, therefore, needs efficient management
and control. Each of the components of the working capital needs proper management to optimize
profit.
Inventory Management
Inventory includes all types of stocks. For effective working capital management, inventory needs to
be managed effectively. The level of inventory should be such that the total cost of ordering and
holding inventory is the least. Simultaneously, stock out costs should also be minimized. Business,
therefore, should fix the minimum safety stock level, re-order level and ordering quantity so that the
inventory cost is reduced and its management becomes efficient.
Receivables’ Management
Given a choice, every business would prefer selling its produce on cash basis. However, due to factors
like trade policies, prevailing marketing conditions, etc., businesses are compelled to sell their goods
on credit. In certain circumstances, a business may deliberately extend credit as a strategy of
increasing sales. Extending credit means creating a current asset in the form of ‘Debtors’ or ‘Accounts
Receivable’. Investment in this type of current assets needs proper and effective management as it
gives rise to costs such as:
Each business should project expected sales and expected investment in receivables based on various
factors, which influence the working capital requirement. From this it would be possible to find out
the average credit days using the above given formula. A business should continuously try to monitor
the credit days and see that the average credit offered to clients is not crossing the budgeted period.
Otherwise, the requirement of investment in the working capital would increase and, as a result,
activities may get squeezed. This may lead to cash crisis.
Cash Management
Cash is the most liquid current asset. It is of vital importance to the daily operations of business.
While the proportion of assets held in the form of cash is very small, its efficient management is
crucial to the solvency of the business. Therefore, planning cash and controlling its use are very
important tasks. Cash budgeting is a useful device for this purpose.
Cash Budget
Cash budget basically incorporates estimates of future inflows and out flows of cash over a projected
short period of time which may usually be a year, a half or a quarter year. Effective cash management
is facilitated if the cash budget is further broken down into month, week or even on daily basis.
Cash Inflows:-
(a) Cash sales
(b) Cash received from debtors
(c) Cash received from loans, deposits, etc.
(d) Cash receipt of other revenue income
(e) Cash received from sale of investments or assets.
Cash Outflows:-
a) Cash purchases
(b) Cash payment to creditors
(c) Cash payment for other revenue expenditure
(d) Cash payment for assets creation
(e) Cash payment for withdrawals, taxes
(f) Repayment of loans, etc.
d Debtors
Banks give short-term loans against these assets, keeping some security margin. The advances given
by banks against current assets are short-term in nature and banks have the right to ask for immediate
repayment if they consider doing so. Thus bank loans for creation of current assets are also current
liabilities.
It is advisable to finance a portion of current assets from the promoter’s funds. They are long-term
funds and, therefore do not require immediate repayment. These funds increase the liquidity of the
business
Introduction
A managerial accounting strategy focusing on maintaining efficient levels of both components of
working capital, current assets and current liabilities, in respect to each other is referred to as working
capital management. Working capital management ensures a company has sufficient cash flow in
order to meet its short-term debt obligations and operating expenses. Implementing an effective
working capital management system is an excellent way for many companies to improve their
earnings. The two main aspects of working capital management are ratio analysis and management of
individual components of working capital. Ratio analysis will lead management to identify areas of
focus such as inventory management, cash management, accounts receivable and payable
management.
The study objectives in working capital management particular to this study are:
Ø To examine the impact of accounts receivables days, inventories days, accounts payable days and
cash conversion cycle on return on total assets
Ø To analyze the trend in working capital needs of firms and to examine the causes for any
Significant differences between the industries.
Positive working capital means that the company is able to pay off its short-term liabilities. Negative
working capital means that a company currently is unable to meet its short-term liabilities with its
current assets (cash, accounts receivable, inventory). If a company's current assets do not exceed its
current liabilities, then it may run into trouble paying back creditors in the short term. The worst-case
scenario is bankruptcy. A declining working capital ratio over a longer time period could also be a red
flag that warrants further analysis. Working capital also gives investors an idea of the company's
underlying operational efficiency. Money that is tied up in inventory or money that customers still
owe to the company cannot be used to pay off any of the company's obligations. So, even if a
company is not operating in the most efficient manner (slow collection), it will show up as an increase
in the working capital. This can be seen by comparing the working capital from one period to another;
slow collection may signal an underlying problem in the company's operations.
multiple of factors, such as operating level, level of operational efficiency, inventory policies, book
debt policies, technology used and nature of the industry. While inter- industry variation is expected
to be high, the degree of variation is expected to be low for firms within the industry.
The working capital meets the short-term financial requirements of a business enterprise. It is a
trading capital, not retained in the business in a particular form for longer than a year. The money
invested in it changes form and substance during the normal course of business operations. If it
becomes weak, the business can hardly prosper and survive. The success of a firm depends ultimately,
on its ability to generate cash receipts in excess of disbursements. On the one hand, working capital is
always significant. This is especially true from the lender's or creditor's perspective, where the main
concern is defensiveness: can the company meet its short-term obligations, such as paying vendor
bills?
But from the perspective of equity valuation and the company's growth prospects, working capital is
more critical to some businesses than to others. At the risk of oversimplifying, we could say that the
models of these businesses are asset or capital intensive rather than service or people intensive.
the firm would need to borrow to support its continued working capital needs. Thus, the twin
objectives of profitability and liquidity must be synchronized and one should not impinge on the
other for long. Investments in current assets are inevitable to ensure delivery of goods or services to
the ultimate customers and a proper management of same should give the desired impact on either
profitability or liquidity. If resources are blocked at different stages of the supply chain, this will
for as long as and in the largest amounts possible, thereby maximizing the interest earned. However,
such cash may more appropriately be “invested” in other assets or in reducing other liabilities.
When considering these techniques and strategies, departments need to recognize that each
department has a unique mix of working capital components. The emphasis that needs to be
placed on each component varies according to department. For example, some departments have
significant inventory levels; others have little if any inventory.
Furthermore, working capital management is not an end in itself. It is an integral part of the
department’s overall management.
longer a firm's money is tied up in business operations and unavailable for other activities such as
receiving cash from selling goods made from that raw material.
Cash Conversion Cycle = Average Stockholding Period (in days) + Average Receivables Processing
Period (in days) - Average Payables Processing Period (in days) with:
§ Average Stockholding Period (in days) = Closing Stock / Average Daily Purchases
§ Average Receivables Processing Period (in days) = Accounts Receivable / Average Daily Credit
Sales
§ Average Payable Processing Period (in days) = Accounts Payable / Average Daily Credit
Purchases.
A short cash conversion cycle indicates good working capital management. Conversely, a long cash
conversion cycle suggests that capital is tied up while the business waits for customers to pay. The
longer the production process, the more cash the firm must keep tied up in inventories. Similarly, the
longer it takes customers to pay their bills, the higher the value of accounts receivable. On the other
hand, if a firm can delay paying for its own materials, it may reduce the amount of cash it needs. In
other words, accounts payable reduce net working capital.
A Inventory Period
A1. Raw Material Conversion Period
(Rs. In Millions)
Particulars 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
Raw Material Consumption 1374.41 1348.60 1656.13
Raw Material Consumption per Day 3.77 3.69 4.54
Average Inventory 253.09 279.37 295.60
Raw Material Inventory Holding in Days 67.13 75.78 65.11
(table 3)
A2. Work In Process Conversion Period
(Rs. In Millions)
Particulars 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
Cost of Production 8412.35 10638.60 13339.39
Cost of Production per Day 23.05 29.15 36.55
Average Working Progress Inventory 63.63 88.27 149.38
Working Progress Inventory Holding Day 2.76 3.03 4.08
(Table 4)
A3. Finished Goods Conversion Period
(table 5) (Rs. In
Millions)
Particulars 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
Cost of Goods Sold 8354.60 10257.00 13324.10
Cost of Goods Sold per Day 22.89 28.10 36.50
Finish Goods Inventory 795.10 1014.77 1213.22
Finish Goods Inventory Holding Days 34.74 36.11 33.24
B Receivables Period
Particulars 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
Credit Sales 10788.62 13744.76 17688.92
Sales Per Day 29.56 37.66 48.46
Average Debtors 3297.41 3916.39 4922.53
Debtors Outstanding Days 111.55 103.99 101.58
(table 6)
C Payables Period
Particulars 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
Credit Purchase 8144.90 10198.51 12969.59
Purchase Per Day 22.31 27.94 35.53
Creditors 1356.75 1356.55 1775.10
Creditors Outstanding Days 60.81 48.55 49.96
(table 7)
Inferences
Ø Raw material holding period has been decreased by 3.00%, which is a positive sign while
work in process inventory holding period has been increased by 47.83%, which shows
inefficient Management in the stocks in process holding period.
Ø The credit receivables period has also been brought down slightly by about 8.94% which
shows the efficiency of the debtors’ management.
Ø The payables period has also been stretched by 17.84%, which imposes tight management
control over working capital or liquidity position.
Inference.
Profitability Analysis
(As % of Net Sales)
(Table 11)
Particulars 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
P.B.D.I.T. 8.42 10.79 10.49
P.B.I.T. 7.74 10.25 10.00
P.B.D.T. 6.27 8.66 8.40
P.B.T. 5.60 8.11 7.92
P.A.T. 3.58 5.33 5.05
Inference.
The return on total assets is 32.67 for the year 2008-09 which indicates that the company with an asset
base of 1 unit could produce 32.67 units of sales. This is very healthy sign as it has been increased by
52.09% over the year.
Inferences.
The return on net worth 41.84% in 2008-09 i.e., increased by 34.45%, which was 31.12% during
2006-07.
Profitability
As on 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
Gross Margin (%) 19.43 18.01 20.22
Operating Margin (%) 7.42 7.34 9.88
Net Profit Margin (%) 3.33 3.53 5.32
Adjusted Net Profit Margin (%) 3.34 3.58 5.32
Asset Turnover (%) 3.08 3.30 3.54
(table 14)
Inference
This ratio shows the earnings left for share holders as a percentage of net sales. It measures the overall
efficiency of production, administration, selling, financing, pricing, tax management. The net profit
margin for the current year has been 5.32%. I.e. increased by 59.76%
Liquidity
(table 15)
As on 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
Current Ratio 1.58 1.61 1.54
Quick Ratio 1.26 1.29 1.25
Cash Ratio 0.08 0.10 0.09
Inference
The current ratio measures the ability of the enterprise to meet its current obligations, a current ratio
1.54:1 implies that the firm has the current assets which are 1.54 times the current liabilities. This
shows conservative approach or traditional approach followed by the management regarding working
capital.
Inferences
The operating income has been decreased by 10.34% because of drastically increase in operating cost
as compared to previous years.
The Earning Before Interest and Tax has been reduced by 14.78% due to increased in the operating
cost, in that work in process inventory is the prime cause for the blockage of liquidity as compared to
other current assets. Still as compared to the previous year i.e. 2007-08 the EBIT was 26.11%, and in
the current year i.e., 2008-09 the EBIT has been 71.53%. So, I can point out that the company is
improving well enough to increase the wealth of the shareholders.
I believe that the BU is well-geared to achieve its Sales target of Rs700cr for FY2010 given its
healthy Order Book position and its excellent execution capabilities. This capital-intensive BU
generates lower ROE than the company's Consumer Durables business. However, it may be noted
here that on a standalone basis the BU has been registering high ROE of around 20%. Further, we
believe that the BU has substantial growth potential particularly with the Eleventh Five-year Plan
having earmarked Rs1, 40,000cr for the Transmission Systems development.
Appliances BU
This is the second largest BU of the company in terms of Sales. In FY2008 and FY2009 the BU
clocked 40% and 29% Sales growth, respectively. In comparison, peer Usha International grew its
Top-line by 19% and 15% in FY2008 and FY2009, respectively. BEL has a technical tie up with the
global premium brand, Morphy Richards, which clocked Sales of Rs57cr in FY2009. Management
has also been focusing on value-for-money products.
I believe that weak monsoons will have limited impact on sales of appliances. However, I expect sales
to slow down marginally compared to the previous years.
The Fans BU
The Fans BU has done exceptionally well for BEL. In the last two years, the BU increased its Sales
from 17.8 lakh units to 32 lakh units. In FY2009, when the Fans' market grew by less than 5%, the
BU clocked a strong growth of 20%. Comparatively, Usha clocked 8% growth. Peer Havells is still at
nascent stages of growth and registered 15% growth in FY2009
Luminaires BU
Indoor fixture, Luminaires, is the main product marketed by this BU. The BU has been getting regular
orders from both the government and private players. BEL has launched LED luminaires as well. The
BU has also developed Photolux application design software to be used by lighting professionals.
The BU registered 23% growth in FY2009. I believe that BEL is strengthening its all-round
capabilities in this space to prepare for the projected change in industry dynamics. In the long term,
BEL expects to leverage its key competency in lighting and we estimate this BU to be a key growth
driver for the company going ahead.
Lighting BU
Lighting BU achieved 18% Sales growth in FY2009 on the back of expanding distributor network. At
the end of FY2007, the company had 165,000 retail outlets across the country, which has increased by
more than 50% to 250,000 units at the end of FY2009. Owing to this expansion, the company has
grown much faster than Surya and Havells. Surya's Revenues from the Lighting and Luminaries
business grew at a CAGR of 6% during the last two years, while Havells' Top-line grew by 2% in
FY2009.
I believe that this unit will benefit immensely from the company's rapid network rollout. Moreover, on
account of the company's focus on CFL lighting, its Sales and Profitability will also continue to grow.
Moreover, as size of the BU grows, especially in the CFL Segment,
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