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Calor gas is supplied in two main forms, butane and propane. Butane has a higher boiling point and is stored at a lower pressure than propane. If you could see into an LPG container, the contents would look like water and air in a jar. A small amount of liquid will produce quite a large amount of flammable gas.
Calor gas is supplied in two main forms, butane and propane. Butane has a higher boiling point and is stored at a lower pressure than propane. If you could see into an LPG container, the contents would look like water and air in a jar. A small amount of liquid will produce quite a large amount of flammable gas.
Calor gas is supplied in two main forms, butane and propane. Butane has a higher boiling point and is stored at a lower pressure than propane. If you could see into an LPG container, the contents would look like water and air in a jar. A small amount of liquid will produce quite a large amount of flammable gas.
PVZ/12-99/V2.1 WHAT I S CALOR GAS? Calor Gas is Liquefied Petroleum Gas [LPG]. LPG is a by product of the process of separating petrol from crude oil. It is also found in its natural state under the sea or ground. press space bar to continue PVZ/12-99/V2.1 WHAT I S CALOR GAS? Calor Gas is supplied in two main forms, butane and propane. Amongst the significant differences between the two is that butane has a higher boiling point and is stored at a lower pressure than propane. press space bar to continue PVZ/12-99/V2.1 LPG I S STORED AS A LI QUI D UNDER PRESSURE At room temperature, the storage pressure for butane is 25psi [1.72bar], around the same as a car tyre. 25 psi 25 psi 1.72 bar 1.72 bar For propane, it is 100psi [6.89bar], similar to that of a lorry tyre. 100 psi 100 psi 6.89 bar 6.89 bar press space bar to continue PVZ/12-99/V2.1 LPG BOI LS AT A LOW TEMPERATURE Boiling point - 2 o C, 28 o F. Butane can be affected by cold weather. Boiling point - 42 o C, - 44 o F. However, propane is not adversely affected by cold conditions in the U.K. press space bar to continue PVZ/12-99/V2.1 LPG, I N I TS NATURAL STATE, I S COLOURLESS & ODOURLESS. If you could see into an LPG container, the contents would look like water and air in a jar. A strong stenching agent is added to aid with leak detection. press space bar to continue PVZ/12-99/V2.1 LPG WI LL EXPAND OVER 200 TI MES WHEN VAPOURI SED A small amount of liquid will produce quite a large amount of flammable gas; 1 volume of Propane liquid = 274 volumes of Propane gas 1 volume of Butane liquid = 233 volumes of Butane gas 1 Volume of Liquid Average of 250 Volumes of Vapour press space bar to continue PVZ/12-99/V2.1 LPG VAPOUR I S HEAVI ER THAN AI R Butane and Propane both have a specific gravity greater than air: Air = 1.0 Propane = 1.5 Butane = 2.0 press space bar to continue PVZ/12-99/V2.1 LPG LI QUI D I S LI GHTER THAN WATER Butane and Propane both have a specific gravity lower than water: Water = 1.0 Propane = 0.575 Butane = 0.512 press space bar to continue PVZ/12-99/V2.1 LI MI TS OF FLAMMABI LI TY press space bar to continue Fuel Lower Limit Upper Limit Ignition Temperature - C Expansion Ratio - Liquid to Vapour Petrol 1.6 7.6 400 1-200 Butane 1.9 8.5 410 - 550 1-233 Propane 2.0 10.9 460 - 580 1-274 Methane 5.0 15.0 700 1-640 Acetylene 2.0 85.0 300 1-375 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Petrol Butane Propane Methane Acetylene Below Flammable Range Flammable Mixture Above Flammable Range PVZ/12-99/V2.1 LPG AS A LI QUI D HAS A HI GH RATE OF EXPANSI ON Cylinders and tanks are never completely filled with liquid. This is to allow the liquid to expand and contract due to differing air temperatures, along with a corresponding rise or drop in pressure, but does not affect the weight of the contents in the vessel. press space bar to continue 87% maximum fill PVZ/12-99/V2.1 LPG I S VERY SEARCHI NG LPG, having a low viscosity, flows with ease and will penetrate any break in an installation. press space bar to continue Care has to be taken in use of jointing compounds and testing pipework for soundness. PVZ/12-99/V2.1 LPG HAS A LOW VI SCOSI TY LPG, like other oil products, has a viscosity rating. A low viscosity means the product flows easily. LPG flows very easily, just like water, petrol, paraffin and others, and should be prevented from escaping in water courses, drains etc. press space bar to continue PVZ/12-99/V2.1 LPG MAY BE USED AT HI GH OR LOW PRESSURE 11.2 w.g. 28 mbar (butane) 14.8 w.g. 37 mbar (propane) Low pressure installations normally work at: press space bar to continue It is important to supply gas appliances with the correct gas pressure. PVZ/12-99/V2.1 LPG MAY BE USED AT HI GH OR LOW PRESSURE up to 10 psi 0.7 bar (butane) up to 30 psi 2.1 bar (propane) High pressure installations normally work at: press space bar to continue If a low pressure appliance is supplied with gas from a high pressure regulator, the appliance may be receiving up to 60 times its normal operating pressure. PVZ/12-99/V2.1 LPG HAS A HI GHER CALORI FI C VALUE THAN NATURAL GAS The calorific value of a fuel is described as "The amount of heat released when a known quantity of fuel is burned". press space bar to continue Natural Gas = 1,000 Btu/ft 3 - 38 MJ/m 3 Propane = 2,500 Btu/ft 3 - 95 MJ/m 3 Butane = 3,200 Btu/ft 3 - 121.5 MJ/m 3 Natural Gas Natural Gas Propane Propane Butane Butane PVZ/12-99/V2.1 LPG HAS A HI GH GAS/AI R RATI O LPG vapour requires a higher ratio of air to gas for correct combustion. press space bar to continue Air/Fuel mix Natural Gas = 9.6 to 1 Propane = 23.0 to 1 Butane = 30.0 to 1 1 30 1 23 1 9.6 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Butane Propane Natural Gas PVZ/12-99/V2.1 THE PRODUCTS OF GOOD COMBUSTI ON ARE HARMLESS When burnt correctly, the products of good combustion are: H 2 O - Water Vapour CO 2 - Carbon Dioxide It is important to ensure an adequate supply of air for combustion and that means for removing the products of combustion are available at all times. press space bar to continue PVZ/12-99/V2.1 Anatomy of a Cylinder An LPG cylinder is a pressure vessel made from 2 to 3mm mild steel plate and of welded construction. The surface of a cylinder in direct contact with the Liquefied Petroleum Gas is known as the wetted area. press space bar to continue PVZ/12-99/V2.1 How a Cylinder Works A Full cylinder is not full of liquid, space is left for expansion of the liquid and a supply of compressed vapour in the space above the liquid level. The percentage fill varies with the size of cylinder, but normally has a maximum fill of 80 to 87%. press space bar to continue PVZ/12-99/V2.1 How a Cylinder Works When the valve is opened, gas is pushed out of the vessel by the pressure and, as a result, the pressure above the liquid is reduced. The liquid takes in heat from the cylinder and the outside atmosphere and begins to boil, giving off vapour. press space bar to continue PVZ/12-99/V2.1 How a Cylinder Works As the conversion of liquid to gas continues, the liquid level slowly falls. When the valve is closed again the pressure inside will rebuild up to the vapour pressure of the liquid, irrespective of how much liquid is left in the container. press space bar to continue PVZ/12-99/V2.1 Bulk Storage Vessels A bulk tank works in the same way as a cylinder. The main visible difference is that, on a cylinder, a regulator is usually screwed straight into the cylinder valve then connected by a short length of suitable hose to the appliance or gas supply line. On a bulk storage vessel, the tank valve and regulators are connected by rigid pipework to the supply line and, in normal use, contains propane. press space bar to continue PVZ/12-99/V2.1 Introduction to LPG Presentation by; Peter V. Zunda, Health & Safety Advisor (Training), Calor Gas Limited, Athena Drive, Tachbrook Park, Warwick, CV34 6RL. phone: 01926-330088 fax: 01926-318612 e-mail: pvzunda@calorgas.co.uk Calor Gas Limited has made every effort to ensure that the information contained within this publication is accurate. Its content should be used as guidance material and not as a replacement of current regulations or existing standards. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from Calor Gas Limited. PVZ/12-99/V2.1