Grain oriented electrical steel

PowerCore

Our products
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Contents
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Energy effcient transmission
and distribution of electrical energy 45
PowerCore

: The core material for the future 67

Grain oriented electrical steel PowerCore

C 8
PowerCore

C: Guaranteed magnetic properties 9

PowerCore

C: Comparison charts 1011

Grain oriented electrical steel PowerCore

H 12
PowerCore

H: Guaranteed magnetic properties 13

PowerCore

H: Comparison charts 1415

Insulation types 1617
Characteristics 1821
Comparison chart 2223
PowerCore

: Further processing information 2425

Imprint 2627
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Energy effcient transmission and distribution
of electrical energy
Global demand for energy is constantly rising, and at
the same time resources are becoming increasingly
scarce. It is therefore vital to adopt a responsible
approach to generating, transforming and distributing
electrical energy.
The use of ThyssenKrupp Electrical Steels innovative
high-tech PowerCore

C and PowerCore

H electrical
steels in distribution and power transformers goes a
long way towards minimizing core loss in the transmis-
sion and distribution of electrical energy.
Our PowerCore

material makes a signifcant contri-

bution to protecting the environment throughout the
world and to the sustainability of energy resources.
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AREVA T&D
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PowerCore

:
The core material for the future
Siemens AG
Siemens AG AEM CORES Pty Ltd. AEM CORES Pty Ltd.
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Grain oriented electrical steel is a highly sophisticated
high-tech core material. It is used wherever motion is
transformed into electrical energy or electrical energy
is transformed into motion and where electrical energy
is transmitted across large distances.
Laminated or wound grain oriented electrical steel is
the core material used in power and distribution
transformers and also in small transformers.
Premium PowerCore

electrical steel grades signi-

fcantly reduce noise emissions in transformers, a
distinct advantage in the light of growing urbanization.
PowerCore

electrical steel is so energy-effcient

that it is now possible to build considerably smaller
transformers with the same power output. Since this
reduces the consumption of fnite resources such as
copper, oil and insulating materials, grain oriented
electrical steel can be said to make a valuable contri-
bution to environmental sustainability.
Our research and development departments in Gel-
senkirchen and Isbergues continuously optimize the
complex production fow and production character-
istics of our PowerCore

grain oriented electrical steel

in a permanent process.
We are currently conducting research on your behalf
to develop innovative PowerCore

products for future

applications.

Applications
Large power transformers
Distribution transformers
Small transformers
Current transformers
Shunt reactors
Wound cores
Power generators
Our high quality PowerCore

line includes a comple-

te choice of grain oriented electrical steels, ranging
from conventional 0.35 mm PowerCore

C to ultra
thin, highly permeable 0.23 mm PowerCore

H which
offers ultimate energy savings following domain
refnement.
Our wide range of products and fexible production
methods, which we achieve by coordinating the
management of our manufacturing plants, enable
us to meet our customers requirements.
The excellent magnetic properties of PowerCore

grain oriented electrical steel are due to its unique
crystallographic texture, which is formed during the
complex production process.
Grain oriented electrical steel
PowerCore

C
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PowerCore

C:
Guaranteed magnetic properties
9
Grade* Thickness Typical core loss at Guaranteed core loss at Typical Guaranteed
polarization at polarization at
1.5 T 1.7 T 1.5 T 1.7 T 1.7 T 1.7 T
50 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 800 A/m 800 A/m
PowerCore

mm inch W/kg W/kg W/lb W/lb W/kg W/lb typ. T min. T

C 110-23 0.23 0.009 0.69 1.06 0.41 0.64 1.10 0.66 1.83 1.80
C 120-23 0.23 0.009 0.73 1.15 0.44 0.69 1.20 0.72 1.83 1.78
C 103-27 L 0.27 0.011 0.70 1.00 0.42 0.60 1.03 0.62 1.86 1.85
C 110-27* 0.27 0.011 0.74 1.07 0.45 0.64 1.10 0.66 1.86 1.85
C 120-27 0.27 0.011 0.78 1.16 0.47 0.70 1.20 0.72 1.83 1.80
C 130-27 0.27 0.011 0.82 1.21 0.49 0.73 1.30 0.78 1.83 1.78
C 108-30 L 0.30 0.012 0.76 1.05 0.46 0.63 1.08 0.65 1.86 1.85
C 115-30* 0.30 0.012 0.80 1.12 0.48 0.67 1.15 0.69 1.86 1.85
C 120-30 0.30 0.012 0.81 1.18 0.49 0.71 1.20 0.72 1.83 1.80
C 130-30 0.30 0.012 0.84 1.22 0.50 0.73 1.30 0.78 1.83 1.80
C 135-35 0.35 0.014 0.94 1.32 0.57 0.79 1.35 0.81 1.83 1.80
C 145-35 0.35 0.014 0.96 1.37 0.58 0.82 1.45 0.87 1.83 1.78
* Can be delivered with or without laser scribing for domain refnement.
L = Magnetic domain refned by laser scribing.
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PowerCore

C:
Comparison charts
Standards Thickness Maximum core loss Maximum core loss Min. Min. Grade
at 1.5 T at 1.7 T J800 stacking
factor
50 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz
EN 10107 mm inch W/kg W/lb W/kg W/lb W/kg W/lb W/kg* W/lb* T PowerCore

M 110-23 S 0.23 0.009 0.73 0.33 - - 1.10 0.50 1.45 0.66 1.78 0.945 C 110-23
M 120-23 S 0.23 0.009 0.77 0.35 - - 1.20 0.54 1.58 0.72 1.78 0.945 C 120-23
M 127-23 S 0.23 0.009 0.80 0.36 - - 1.27 0.58 1.67 0.76 1.75 0.945 C 120-23
M 120-27 S 0.27 0.011 0.80 0.36 - - 1.20 0.54 1.58 0.72 1.78 0.950 C 120-27
M 130-27 S 0.27 0.011 0.85 0.39 - - 1.30 0.59 1.71 0.78 1.78 0.950 C 130-27
M 140-27 S 0.27 0.011 0.89 0.40 - - 1.40 0.64 1.84 0.84 1.75 0.950 C 130-27
M 130-30 S 0.30 0.012 0.85 0.39 - - 1.30 0.59 1.71 0.78 1.78 0.955 C 130-30
M 140-30 S 0.30 0.012 0.92 0.42 - - 1.40 0.64 1.84 0.84 1.78 0.955 C 130-30
M 150-30 S 0.30 0.012 0.97 0.44 - - 1.50 0.68 1.97 0.89 1.75 0.955 C 130-30
M 140-35 S 0.35 0.014 1.00 0.45 - - 1.40 0.64 1.84 0.84 1.78 0.960 C 135-35
M 150-35 S 0.35 0.014 1.05 0.48 - - 1.50 0.68 1.97 0.89 1.78 0.960 C 145-35
M 165-35 S 0.35 0.014 1.11 0.50 - - 1.65 0.75 2.17 0.99 1.75 0.960 C 145-35
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* P values informative for 60 Hz.
Standards Thickness Maximum core loss Maximum core loss Min. Min. Grade
at 1.5 T at 1.7 T J800 stacking
factor
50 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz
IEC 60404-8-7 mm inch W/kg W/lb W/kg W/lb W/kg W/lb W/kg W/lb T PowerCore

M 110-23 S5 0.23 0.009 0.73 0.33 0.96 0.44 1.10 0.50 1.45 0.66 1.78 0.945 C 110-23
M 120-23 S5 0.23 0.009 0.77 0.35 1.01 0.46 1.20 0.54 1.57 0.71 1.78 0.945 C 120-23
M 120-27 S5 0.27 0.011 0.80 0.36 1.07 0.49 1.20 0.54 1.58 0.72 1.78 0.950 C 120-27
M 130-27 S5 0.27 0.011 0.85 0.39 1.12 0.51 1.30 0.59 1.68 0.76 1.78 0.950 C 130-27
M 130-30 S5 0.30 0.012 0.85 0.39 1.15 0.52 1.30 0.59 1.71 0.78 1.78 0.955 C 130-30
M 140-30 S5 0.30 0.012 0.92 0.42 1.21 0.55 1.40 0.64 1.83 0.83 1.78 0.955 C 130-30
M 145-35 S5 0.35 0.014 1.03 0.47 1.36 0.62 1.45 0.66 1.91 0.87 1.78 0.960 C 145-35
M 155-35 S5 0.35 0.014 1.07 0.49 1.41 0.64 1.55 0.70 2.04 0.93 1.78 0.960 C 145-35
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Standards Thickness Maximum core loss Maximum core loss Min. Min. Grade
at 1.5 T at 1.7 T J800 stacking
factor
50 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz
ASTM A 876 mm inch W/kg W/lb W/kg W/lb W/kg W/lb W/kg W/lb T PowerCore

23 G 045** 0.23 0.009 0.75 0.34 0.99 0.45 - - - - 1.80 0.940 C 120-23
23 H 070* 0.23 0.009 - - - - 1.17 0.53 1.54 0.70 1.80 0.940 C 120-23
27 G 051** 0.27 0.011 0.85 0.39 1.12 0.51 - - - - 1.80 0.945 C 130-27
27 H 074* 0.27 0.011 - - - - 1.24 0.56 1.63 0.74 1.80 0.945 C 120-27
30 G 058** 0.30 0.012 0.97 0.44 1.28 0.58 - - - - 1.80 0.950 C 130-30
30 H 083* 0.30 0.012 - - - - 1.39 0.63 1.83 0.83 1.80 0.950 C 130-30
35 G 066** 0.35 0.014 1.11 0.50 1.46 0.66 - - - - 1.80 0.955 C 145-35
35 H 094* 0.35 0.014 - - - - 1.57 0.71 2.07 0.94 1.80 0.955 C 145-35
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* H: Conventional grain oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T.
** G: Conventional grain oriented electrical steel tested at 1.5 T.
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Standards Thickness Maximum core loss Min. Min. Grade
at 1.7 T J800 stacking
factor
50 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz
JIS C2553 mm inch W/kg W/lb W/kg W/lb T PowerCore

23 G 110 0.23 0.009 1.10 0.50 1.45 0.66 1.78 0.945 C 110-23
23 G 120 0.23 0.009 1.20 0.54 1.57 0.71 1.78 0.945 C 120-23
27 G 120 0.27 0.011 1.20 0.54 1.58 0.72 1.78 0.950 C 120-27
27 G 130 0.27 0.011 1.30 0.59 1.72 0.79 1.78 0.950 C 130-27
30 G 120 0.30 0.012 1.20 0.54 1.58 0.72 1.78 0.955 C 120-30
30 G 130 0.30 0.012 1.30 0.59 1.72 0.79 1.78 0.955 C 130-30
30 G 140 0.30 0.012 1.40 0.64 1.85 0.84 1.78 0.955 C 130-30
35 G 135 0.35 0.014 1.35 0.62 1.78 0.81 1.78 0.960 C 135-35
35 G 145 0.35 0.014 1.45 0.66 1.91 0.87 1.78 0.960 C 145-35
35 G 155 0.35 0.014 1.55 0.70 2.04 0.93 1.78 0.960 C 145-35
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Standards Thickness Maximum core loss Min. Min. Grade
at 1.7 T J100 stacking
factor
GOST 50 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz
21427.1-83 mm inch W/kg W/lb W/kg W/lb T PowerCore

3404 0.35 0.014 1.60 0.73 - - 1.60 0.97 C 145-35

3405 0.35 0.014 1.50 0.68 - - 1.61 0.97 C 145-35
3406 0.35 0.014 1.43 0.65 - - 1.62 0.97 C 135-35
3404 0.30 0.012 1.50 0.68 - - 1.60 0.96 C 130-30
3405 0.30 0.012 1.40 0.64 - - 1.61 0.95 C 130-30
3406 0.30 0.012 1.33 0.61 - - 1.62 0.95 C 130-30
3405 0.27 0.011 1.38 0.63 - - 1.61 0.95 C 130-27
3406 0.27 0.011 1.27 0.58 - - 1.62 0.95 C 130-27
3407 0.27 0.011 1.20 0.54 - - 1.72 0.95 C 120-27
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Grain oriented electrical steel
PowerCore

H
ThyssenKrupp Electrical Steels high-tech core material
PowerCore

H has been largely responsible for increasing the

effciency of power and distribution transformers.
PowerCore

H grades have a more defned crystallographic

texture than PowerCore

C grades. This reduces both total core

loss and magnetostriction, making PowerCore

H grades the
material of choice for transformers used in areas requiring low
noise emissions.
The use of PowerCore

H can also signifcantly reduce total

manufacturing costs for transformers, a major advantage in the
face of rising raw material costs.
PowerCore

H is the core material for the future!

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Reduced noise emissions due to:
extremely low level of magnetostriction
improved insulation properties
Cost benets due to:
Higher energy efciency due to:
minimum no-load losses
better capitalization of losses
lower core weights
more compact dimensions
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PowerCore

H:
Guaranteed magnetic properties
Grade* Thickness Typical core loss at Guaranteed core loss at Typical Guaranteed
polarization polarization
at at
1.5 T 1.7 T 1.5 T 1.7 T 1.7 T 1.7 T
50 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 800 A/m 800 A/m
PowerCore

mm inch W/kg W/kg W/lb W/lb W/kg W/lb typ. T min. T

H 18* 0.18 0.007
H 075-23 L 0.23 0.009 0.54 0.74 0.33 0.44 0.75 0.45 1.91 1.88
H 080-23 L 0.23 0.009 0.57 0.78 0.34 0.47 0.80 0.48 1.91 1.88
H 085-23 L 0.23 0.009 0.59 0.81 0.36 0.49 0.85 0.51 1.90 1.88
H 090-23** 0.23 0.009 0.63 0.86 0.38 0.52 0.90 0.54 1.90 1.88
H 095-23 0.23 0.009 0.66 0.91 0.40 0.55 0.95 0.57 1.89 1.88
H 100-23 0.23 0.009 0.68 0.96 0.41 0.58 1.00 0.60 1.88 1.85
H 085-27 L 0.27 0.011 0.63 0.83 0.38 0.50 0.85 0.51 1.91 1.88
H 090-27 L 0.27 0.011 0.66 0.87 0.40 0.52 0.90 0.54 1.91 1.88
H 095-27** 0.27 0.011 0.70 0.92 0.42 0.55 0.95 0.57 1.91 1.88
H 100-27 0.27 0.011 0.72 0.97 0.43 0.58 1.00 0.60 1.89 1.88
H 095-30 L 0.30 0.012 0.70 0.93 0.42 0.56 0.95 0.57 1.91 1.88
H 100-30** 0.30 0.012 0.74 0.98 0.44 0.59 1.00 0.60 1.91 1.88
H 105-30 0.30 0.012 0.77 1.02 0.46 0.61 1.05 0.63 1.91 1.88
H 110-30 0.30 0.012 0.80 1.06 0.48 0.64 1.10 0.66 1.90 1.88
H 115-35** 0.35 0.014 0.84 1.13 0.51 0.68 1.15 0.69 1.90 1.88
H 125-35 0.35 0.014 0.88 1.20 0.53 0.72 1.25 0.75 1.89 1.88
* PowerCore

H 18 can be delivered upon request:

Domain refned PowerCore

H 18 L for distribution transformers and PowerCore

H 18 for high frequency applications.

Magnetic data are available at frequencies up to 1.000 Hz and at various polarizations.
** Can be delivered with or without laser scribing for domain refnement.
L = Magnetic domain refned by laser scribing.
PowerCore

H:
Comparison charts
14
Standards Thickness Maximum core loss Min. Min. Grade
at 1.7 T J800 stacking
factor
50 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz
EN 10107 mm inch W/kg W/lb W/kg* W/lb* T PowerCore

M 85-23 P 0.23 0.009 0.85 0.39 1.12 0.51 1.88 0.945 H 085-23 L
M 90-23 P 0.23 0.009 0.90 0.41 1.18 0.54 1.88 0.945 H 090-23**
M 95-23 P 0.23 0.009 0.95 0.43 1.25 0.57 1.88 0.945 H 095-23
M 100-23 P 0.23 0.009 1.00 0.45 1.32 0.60 1.85 0.945 H 100-23
M 90-27 P 0.27 0.011 0.90 0.41 1.18 0.54 1.88 0.950 H 090-27 L
M 95-27 P 0.27 0.011 0.95 0.43 1.25 0.57 1.88 0.950 H 095-27**
M 103-27 P 0.27 0.011 1.03 0.47 1.36 0.62 1.88 0.950 H 100-27
M 100-30 P 0.30 0.012 1.00 0.45 1.32 0.60 1.88 0.955 H 100-30**
M 105-30 P 0.30 0.012 1.05 0.48 1.38 0.63 1.88 0.955 H 105-30
M 111-30 P 0.30 0.012 1.11 0.50 1.46 0.66 1.88 0.955 H 110-30
M 125-35 P 0.35 0.014 1.25 0.57 1.65 0.75 1.88 0.960 H 125-35
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Standards Thickness Maximum core loss Min. Min. Grade
at 1.7 T J800 stacking
factor
50 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz
IEC 60404-8-7 mm inch W/kg W/lb W/kg* W/lb* T PowerCore

M 85-23 P5 0.23 0.009 0.85 0.39 1.12 0.51 1.85 0.945 H 085-23 L
M 90-23 P5 0.23 0.009 0.90 0.41 1.19 0.54 1.85 0.945 H 090-23**
M 95-23 P5 0.23 0.009 0.95 0.43 1.25 0.57 1.85 0.945 H 095-23
M 100-23 P5 0.23 0.009 1.00 0.45 1.32 0.60 1.85 0.945 H 100-23
M 90-27 P5 0.27 0.011 0.90 0.41 1.19 0.54 1.85 0.950 H 090-27 L
M 95-27 P5 0.27 0.011 0.95 0.43 1.25 0.57 1.85 0.950 H 095-27**
M 100-27 P5 0.27 0.011 1.00 0.45 1.32 0.60 1.88 0.950 H 100-27
M 110-27 P5 0.27 0.011 1.10 0.50 1.45 0.66 1.88 0.950 H 100-27
M 105-30 P5 0.30 0.012 1.05 0.48 1.38 0.63 1.88 0.955 H 105-30
M 110-30 P5 0.30 0.012 1.10 0.50 1.46 0.66 1.88 0.955 H 110-30
M 120-30 P5 0.30 0.012 1.20 0.54 1.58 0.72 1.85 0.955 H 110-30
M 115-35 P5 0.35 0.014 1.15 0.52 1.51 0.68 1.88 0.960 H 115-35
M 125-35 P5 0.35 0.014 1.25 0.57 1.64 0.74 1.88 0.960 H 125-35
M 135-35 P5 0.35 0.014 1.35 0.61 1.77 0.80 1.88 0.960 H 125-35
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* P values informative for 60 Hz. ** Can be delivered with or without laser scribing for domain refnement.
* P values informative for 60 Hz. ** Can be delivered with or without laser scribing for domain refnement.
Standards Thickness Maximum core loss Min. Min. Grade
at 1.7 T J800 stacking
factor
50 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz
ASTM A 876 mm inch W/kg W/lb W/kg W/lb T PowerCore

23 Q 054* 0.23 0.009 0.90 0.41 1.19 0.54 1.88 0.940 H 085-23 L
23 P 060** 0.23 0.009 1.01 0.46 1.32 0.60 1.88 0.940 H 100-23
27 Q 057* 0.27 0.011 0.96 0.43 1.26 0.57 1.88 0.945 H 090-27 L
27 P 066* 0.27 0.011 1.11 0.50 1.46 0.66 1.88 0.945 H 100-27
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* Q: Laser scratched high permeability grain oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T.
** P: High permeability grain oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T.
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Standards Thickness Maximum core loss Min. Min. Grade
at 1.7 T J800 stacking
factor
50 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz
JIS C2553 mm inch W/kg W/lb W/kg* W/lb* T PowerCore

23 R 080 0.23 0.009 0.80 0.37 1.06 0.48 1.85 0.945 H 080-23 L
23 R 085 0.23 0.009 0.85 0.39 1.12 0.51 1.85 0.945 H 085-23 L
23 R 090 0.23 0.009 0.90 0.41 1.19 0.54 1.85 0.945 H 090-23**
23 P 090 0.23 0.009 0.90 0.41 1.19 0.54 1.85 0.945 H 090-23**
23 P 095 0.23 0.009 0.95 0.43 1.25 0.57 1.85 0.945 H 095-23
23 P 100 0.23 0.009 1.00 0.45 1.32 0.60 1.85 0.945 H 100-23
27 R 090 0.27 0.011 0.90 0.41 1.19 0.54 1.85 0.950 H 090-27 L
27 R 095 0.27 0.011 0.95 0.43 1.25 0.57 1.85 0.950 H 095-27**
27 P 095 0.27 0.011 0.95 0.43 1.25 0.57 1.88 0.950 H 095-27**
27 P 100 0.27 0.011 1.00 0.45 1.32 0.60 1.88 0.950 H 100-27
27 P 110 0.27 0.011 1.10 0.50 1.45 0.66 1.85 0.950 H 100-27
30 P 100 0.30 0.012 1.00 0.45 1.33 0.61 1.88 0.955 H 100-30**
30 P 105 0.30 0.012 1.05 0.48 1.39 0.63 1.88 0.955 H 105-30
30 P 110 0.30 0.012 1.10 0.50 1.46 0.66 1.88 0.955 H 110-30
30 P 120 0.30 0.012 1.20 0.54 1.58 0.72 1.85 0.955 H 110-30
35 P 115 0.35 0.014 1.15 0.52 1.52 0.69 1.88 0.960 H 115-35**
35 P 125 0.35 0.014 1.25 0.57 1.65 0.75 1.88 0.960 H 125-35
35 P 135 0.35 0.014 1.35 0.61 1.78 0.81 1.88 0.960 H 125-35
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* P values informative for 60 Hz. ** Can be delivered with or without laser scribing for domain refnement.
Standards Thickness Maximum core loss Min. Min. Grade
at 1.7 T J100 stacking
factor
GOST 50 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz
21427.1-83 mm inch W/kg W/lb W/kg W/lb T PowerCore

3407 0.30 0.012 1.26 0.58 - - 1.72 0.95 H 110-30

3408 0.30 0.012 1.20 0.54 - - 1.74 0.95 H 110-30
3408 0.27 0.011 1.14 0.52 - - 1.74 0.94 H 100-27
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Insulation types
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Insulation types
Color
Color deviations may occur, Phosphate
but will not affect the properties over glass flm:
grey
Coated sides Both sides
Thickness of coating 2 m-5 m
Surface insulation resistance
at room temperature as per
DIN IEC 60404-11 >10 cm
2

Annealing resistance
Under inert gas as per
DIN IEC 60404-12 840 C/2 h
Chemical resistance
to transformer oil Good
Designation according to
IEC 60404-1-1 EC-5-G
Designation according to
ASTM A976 C-5 over C-2
The grain oriented electrical steel is supplied with a
thin anorganic coating on the glass flm layer which
forms during annealing. A coating thickness of 2 to
5 m provides good electrical resistance and a high
stacking factor.

The coating, which is annealing resistant up to
840 C, enables wound cores and punched lami-
nations to be stress relief annealed. The coating is
chemically resistant to any fuid it may be exposed to
during the production process. It is unaffected by, and
likewise does not affect, the different types of trans-
former oils.
Standard strips
Inside diameter 508 mm
Width 950-1,000 mm
Nominal thickness 0.23 mm
0.27 mm
0.30 mm
0.35 mm
Thickness tolerances
Max. tolerance
on the nominal thickness 0.020 mm
Max. difference in thickness
parallel to the direction of
rolling within a sheet or in a
length of strip of 1,500 mm 0.025 mm
Max. difference in thickness
perpendicular to the direction
of rolling at a minimum distance
of 40 mm from the edges 0.020 mm
Residual curvature
Max. distance for a sample
500 mm in length applicable
for width >150 mm 35 mm
Characteristics
Dimensions
Geometric tolerances
Other characteristics and tolerances
18
Slit width
Inside diameter 508 mm
Width 6 mm
Nominal thickness 0.23 mm
0.27 mm
0.30 mm
0.35 mm
Tolerances for widths
Standard widths 1 mm
Slit width*
150 mm 0/-0.2 mm
>150-400 mm 0/-0.3 mm
>400-750 mm 0/-0.5 mm
>750-1000 mm 0/-0.6 mm
* Plus tolerances
must be stipulated with order.
Edge camber
Max. edge camber for a
measuring length of
1,500 mm applicable for
width >150 mm 0.5 mm
Deviation from the shearing
line due to internal stresses
Max. measured gap within a
strip length of 1,500 mm
applicable for width >500 mm 1 mm
Flatness
(wave factor)

Max. wave factor applicable for
width >150 mm 1.5 %
Burr height (only for slit width)
Max. burr height 0.025 mm
The measuring methods for thickness and width are given
in the product standards EN 10107 and IEC 60404-8-7.
All other measuring methods and defnitions are given in
EN 10251 and IEC 60404-9.
The quoted values are in many cases better than those
specifed in the EN or IEC-Norm.
19
Characteristics
20
Yield point Rp 0,2

longitudinal in rolling direction 300-340 MPa
transverse to rolling direction 330-360 MPa
Elongation Al=80
longitudinal in rolling direction 6-14 %
transverse to rolling direction 24-48 %
Hardness
HRB 15T 75-85
HV 5 170-180
Stacking factor, thickness
0.23 mm 95.5 %
0.27 mm 96.0 %
0.30 mm 96.5 %
0.35 mm 97.0 %
Saturation polarization JS
2.03 T
Coercive feld strength HS 5 A/m
Curie temperature Tc 745 C/1,345 F
Density pm 7.65 kg/dm
3
Electrical resistivity pe 0.48 m
Typical physical properties
Ultimate tensile strength Rm
longitudinal in rolling direction 330-370 MPa
transverse to rolling direction 390-420 MPa
21
Comparison chart
22
Magnetic fux density B in to be to obtain
and magnetic polarization J multiplied by
T = Wb/m
2
= Vs/m
2
10
-4
Wb/cm
2
= Vs/cm
2

T 10
4
G
T 6.45 x 10
4
lines/square inch
Vs/cm
2
10
4
T
G 10
-4
T
lines/square inch 1.55 x 10
-5
T
Magnetic feld strength H
A/m 0.01 A/cm
A/m 0.01257 Oe
A/m 0.0254 Ampere-turns/inch
A/cm 100 A/m
Oe 79.6 A/m
Ampere-turns/inch 39.37 A/m
Total core loss PS

W/kg 0.4536 W/lb
W/lb 2.20462 W/kg
Length
cm 0.3937 inch
inch 2.54 cm
Area A
cm
2
0.155 square inch
square inch 6.45 cm
2
Volume V
cm
3
0.061 cubic inch
cubic inch 16.4 cm
3
Mass m
g 0.0353 ounce
kg 2.20462 pound
ounce 28.35 g
pound 0.4536 kg
Force F
N = kgm/s
2
0.102 kp
kp 9.81 N = kgm/s
2
Tensile strength Re, Rp, Rm
N/mm
2
0.102 kp/mm
2
N/mm
2
145 pounds/square inch (psi)
kp/mm
2
9.81

N/mm
2

pounds/square inch (psi) 6.90 x 10
-3
N/mm
2
Temperature T
C x 1.8 + 32 F
F x 0.556 - 17.8 C
Units
23
Siemens AG
24
PowerCore

:
Further processing information
Grain oriented electrical steel is used to build mag-
netic cores. It should be noted that the best magnetic
properties are found only in the rolling direction. If the
magnetization is outside the rolling direction, core loss
will increase substantially, e.g. at 90 to the rolling
direction, the loss increases by a factor of more than
three and at 60 it increases by a factor of more than
four. It is therefore essential that the steel is magne-
tized as precisely as possible along the rolling direction
in the whole magnetic circuit.
Mechanical stress
Mechanical stress has a highly negative effect on the
magnetic properties of grain oriented electrical steel.
The strips can become exposed to this type of stress
for a variety of reasons:
external forces (external stresses)
plastic deformation (internal stresses)
External stress is caused by excessive or uneven com-
pression forcing the magnetic core laminations into
a wavy or curved shape. Internal stress is generated
along the cut edges during each slitting operation or
as a result of bending the sheet or subjecting it to
tension beyond the yield point.
This sometimes unavoidable stress can be almost
completely eliminated by stress relief annealing.
Material can be annealed in a continuous annealing
line under air (short-time annealing) or in a box an-
nealing line under a nitrogen atmosphere (long-time
annealing). Whether or not the material is stress relief
annealed depends on the conditions at the customers
place of installation.
Annealing by the customer
Short-time annealing
Laminations are usually subjected to short-time
annealing in a roller furnace. This process takes a few
minutes and requires a soaking time of 1 to 2 minutes
at a maximum temperature of 860 C. Since the lami-
nations are annealed under an air atmosphere, the cut
edges oxidize, thus creating an insulating coating. Any
grease or oil from earlier processing stages is burnt off
and is generally harmless in small quantities.
25
Long-time annealing
Wound cores and stacking transformers undergo
long-time annealing in a box-type furnace. Long-time
annealing should be carried out under the following
conditions:
Soaking temperature: Min. 820 C,
max. 840 C to 850 C
Soaking time: 2 hours (the coolest part of the
material must be at least 800 C)

Cooling: Preferably within the furnace to about
200 C to 300 C
Protective atmosphere: Preferably 100 % nitrogen.
The addition of hydrogen is not recommended.
The heating, soaking and cooling times are largely
determined by the type and size of furnace and the
amount of annealing material. The annealing cycle
must be adapted to the above parameters. As a gener-
al rule, heating the material too quickly may result in
local overheating, especially in the outer cores. This
risk can be reduced by controlling the temperature
with a thermocouple near the heating conductors.
The soaking time must be long enough to ensure that
the annealing material reaches the soaking tempera-
ture (minimum 800 C) throughout.
If the material cools down too quickly, the cores may
warp or distort. It is further recommended that the
soaking temperature is controlled by thermocouples
positioned at the hottest and the coolest points of the
annealing material. The cores should be allowed to
cool down in the furnace to a temperature between
200 C to 300 C to avoid quenching effects during
unloading. The annealing material must be free from
grease, oil and other organic substances to prevent
carburization.
Domain refned material
Stress relief annealing of laser-irradiated PowerCore

H
reverses the reduction in core loss produced by the
laser treatment. The special design of our laser beam
ensures that the excellent adhesive properties and the
high resistance value of the insulation are preserved
in our laser-irradiated PowerCore

H grades. As a
result, laser-irradiated PowerCore

H grades show
the same favorable noise behavior in the fnished
transformers as PowerCore

H grades that have not

been laser treated.
26
Editor
ThyssenKrupp Electrical Steel GmbH
SalesService
Kurt-Schumacher-Str. 95
45881 Gelsenkirchen
.
Germany
Tel. +49 (0)209 407-50845
Fax +49 (2) 209 407-519 50845
E-Mail: info.electricalsteel@thyssenkrupp.com
www.thyssenkrupp-electrical-steel.com
Copyright
ThyssenKrupp Electrical Steel GmbH
The given values serve only as guidelines. We do
not guarantee specifc properties without a written
agreement.
PowerCore

is a registered brand name of

ThyssenKrupp Electrical Steel GmbH.
Design
GK Marketing Service GmbH
Essen
www.gk-mas.de
Pictures courtesy of
AEM Cores Pty Ltd.: Page 6 see small picture below
center and right
AREVA T&D: Page 4, 5
Siemens AG: Page 6 see big picture, small picture
below left, page 23
Imprint
27
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ThyssenKrupp Electrical Steel GmbH
Kurt-Schumacher-Str. 95 45881 Gelsenkirchen Germany
Tel. +49 (0)209 407-0 Fax +49 (0) 209 407- 50830
www.thyssenkrupp-electrical-steel.com info.electricalsteel@thyssenkrupp.com