EXPERIMENT : DOL STATER (Pemula Terus Ke Talian)

1. AIM

To provide knowledge in Direct online(DOL)stater

2. OBJECTIVES

To familiarize the student with:

I. About control circuit and main circuit for D.O.L Starter
II. Operation of AC motor starting with D.O.L starter
III. About the control equipment for Electrical Motor Control

3. EQUIPMENT

I. Contactor
II. Thermal Overload Relay (TOR)
III. On-off push button
IV. Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)
V. Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB)
VI. Pilot lamp
VII. 3 phase AC motor (3/4 ~ 3 hp)
VIII. Cable

4. Theory
What is DOL starter or Direct on line starter?
The values are dependent on the design and size of the motor, but in general, a smaller
motor gives higher values than a larger one.
During a direct on line start, the starting torque is also very high, and is higher than necessary
for most applications.The torque is the same as the force, and an unnecessary high force gives
unnecessary high stresses on couplings and the driven application.
Naturally, there are cases where this starting method works perfectly and in some
cases also the only starting method that works





Parts of DOL Starters
Contactors & Coi
Magnetic contactors are electromagnetically operated switches that provide a safe
and convenient means for connecting and interrupting branch circuits.
Magnetic motor controllers use electromagnetic energy for closing switches. The
electromagnet consists of a coil of wire placed on an iron core. When a current flow
through the coil, the iron of the magnet becomes magnetized, attracting an iron bar called
the armature. An interruption of the current flow through the coil of wire causes the
armature to drop out due to the presence of an air gap in the magnetic circuit.
Line-voltage magnetic motor starters are electromechanical devices that provide a safe,
convenient, and economical means of starting and stopping motors, and have the advantage
of being controlled remotely. The great bulk of motor controllers sold are of this type.
Contactors are mainly used to control machinery which uses electric motors. It consists of a
coil which connects to a voltage source. Very often for Single phase Motors, 230V coils are
used and for three phase motors, 415V coils are used. The contactor has three main NO
contacts and lesser power rated contacts named as Auxiliary Contacts [NO and NC] used
for the control circuit. A contact is conducting metal parts which completes or interrupt an
electrical circuit.
NO-normally open
NC-normally closed













Advantages of DOL starter

Most Economical and Cheapest Starter
Simple to establish, operate and maintain
Simple Control Circuitry
Easy to understand and troubleshoot.
It provides 100% torque at the time of starting.
Only one set of cable is required from starter to motor.
Motor is connected in delta at motor terminals.

Disadvantages of DOL starter
It does not reduce the starting current of the motor.
High Starting Current: Very High Starting Current (Typically 6 to 8
times the FLC of the motor).
Mechanically Harsh: Thermal Stress on the motor, thereby reducing its
life.
Voltage Dip: There is a big voltage dip in the electrical installation
because of high in-rush current affecting other customers connected to
the same lines and therefore not suitable for higher size squirrel cage
motors
High starting Torque: Unnecessary high starting torque, even when not
required by the load, thereby increased mechanical stress on the
mechanical systems such as rotor shaft, bearings, gearbox, coupling,
chain drive, connected equipments, etc. leading to premature failure
and plant downtimes.














5. EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE

5.1 EXERCISE 1 : CONTROL CIRCUIT

5.1.1 I have to connect the control circuit as shown in figure 3 (a) or 3 (b)
5.1.2 I also took the incoming voltage from one of the three lines (R or Y or B)
for single-phase
5.1.3 I connected the line back to the neutral (N) using black Cabel
5.1.4 I connect the power supply for the control circuit
5.1.5 See the operation of this control circuit















Figure 3 (a)

















5.2 EXERCISE 2 : MAIN CIRCUIT
5.2.1 I've done the main circuit connections as shown in the figure
5.2.2 I've noticed that the offer will go to the circuit is from the 3-phase 415 V
line (R, Y, B and N)
5.2.3 I also make the earth cable connection (E) to the 3-phase motor land
5.2.4 I have been doing the circuit connection for AC Motor after load Relay
(TOR) terminal
5.2.5 I tested this circuit with 3-phase supply to full operations with the main
circuit and control circuit for
5.2.6 See this D.O.L operations










Figure 3 (b)





6. DISCUSSION

6.1 Explain the result of this experiment

Decision after I get finished with this experiment, which is when I press the switch is
open, then the red light goes on and the motor will rotate. In addition, in the event of
excess current, light yellow lights, and this indicates no trip occurred in this
connection


6.2 Explain the operation of Direct On Line Starter base on the exercise 1 and 2

-When starting button (UN) is pressed loop contacts (C) will be energized and will
cause its contacts closed (c) normaly open contact.
-Motor Will get energy supplies after receiving.
-Motor Will not stop until the stop push button (PBA) is pressed.
-If there is any excess load current overload relay (TOR) will be open all the
contacts and turn off the motor.
-Trip Lamp (PLT) will light up and this shows that the system is timed

6.3 What is the advantages and disadvantages of this DOL starter

Advantages of DOL starter

Most Economical and Cheapest Starter
Simple to establish, operate and maintain
Simple Control Circuitry
Easy to understand and troubleshoot.
It provides 100% torque at the time of starting.
Only one set of cable is required from starter to motor.
Motor is connected in delta at motor terminals.

Disadvantages of DOL starter
It does not reduce the starting current of the motor.
High Starting Current: Very High Starting Current (Typically 6 to 8
times the FLC of the motor).
Mechanically Harsh: Thermal Stress on the motor, thereby reducing its
life.
Voltage Dip: There is a big voltage dip in the electrical installation
because of high in-rush current affecting other customers connected to
the same lines and therefore not suitable for higher size squirrel cage
motors
High starting Torque: Unnecessary high starting torque, even when not
required by the load, thereby increased mechanical stress on the
mechanical systems such as rotor shaft, bearings, gearbox, coupling,
chain drive, connected equipments, etc. leading to premature failure
and plant downtimes.


6.4 Explain function of equipment list

Contactor
Contactor is a type of magnetic switch that works the contact work when the
coil rated energy. The National Manufacture Assosiation (NEMA) defines contactor
magnetically as a tool in magnetically mobilized for connecting and disconnecting
electrical power network. Unlike relays, contactors are designed to connect and
establish a network of electrical power without damage. The loads include lighting,
heating, transformers, capacitors, and electric motors.
Thermal Overload Relay (TOR)
Thermal overload relays are 3 pole. The motor current flows through their
bimetals (1 per phase) which are indirectly heated.Under the effect of the heating,
the bimetals bend, cause the relay to trip and the position of the auxiliary contacts to
change.The relay setting range is graduated in amps. In compliance withinternational
and national standards, the setting current is the motor nominal current and not the
tripping current (no tripping at 1.05 x setting current, tripping at 1.2 x setting
current). The tripping curves (cold or warm starting, 3 phases and 2 phases) are
shown in the main catalog. The relays are built to be self protecting in the event of
an overload until the short circuit protection device is activated.

On-off push button
to open and close the circuit
Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)
Miniature circuit breakers or MCBs are used to replace fuses that protect
individual pieces of electrical equipment and the circuits which supply them with
power.





Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB)

Molded case circuit breakers are designed to provide circuit protection
for low voltage distribution systems. They protect connected devices against
overloads and/or short circuits.

Pilot lamp
A pilot lamp is a light that illuminates under specific conditions, most
commonly when an electrical circuit is energized. It may also be known as an
indicator lamp or pilot light, although this should not be confused with a
small flame kept burning in a gas appliance to provide a source for ignition
when the appliance is turned on. Pilot lamps are used in a wide variety of
settings and in some cases are required by law for safety reasons

3 phase AC motor (3/4 ~ 3 hp)

Provide better efficiency, higher power factor, have a better starting
characteristics and prices cheaper than motor 1 phase.
Use of this motor are encouraged to avoid load imbalances on the mains
supply.

Cable
Cable has a function that acts as a media transimisi to accelerate the
delivery of the message.

























Figure 4 : main circuit of D.O.L starter

CONCLUSION
After doing experiments on Direct On Line starter (DOL) I can know about the
control circuit and main circuit DOL Starter and I also came to understand more clearly
associated with Operation AC motor starting with DOL starter. Apart from that, I also know
about the control equipment for Electrical Motor Control.








Reference
http://sabahwebs.blogspot.com/2011/06/motor-tiga-fasa-arus-ulang-alik.html
http://www.electricneutron.com/motor-control/direct-on-line-starter/
http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/direct-on-line-dol-motor-starter