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GettingParkingRightin
EmergingMixedUse
Environments
MakeoverMontgomery2
May9,2014
ShanaR.Johnson,AICP
SeniorTransportationPlanner
FoursquareITP
2 GettingParkingRightinEmergingMixedUseEnvironments|
Parkingtoday
PublicParkingLot13(WheatonMarketPlace)
PhotoSource:montgomerycountymd.gov
PhotoSource:montgomeryplanning.org
WhiteFlintMall
PhotoSource:washingtonpost.com
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Parkingtomorrow?
CrownDevelopmentUnderConstruction Gaithersburg,MD
PhotoSource:smarturbanliving.com
WatkinsMillTownCenter Gaithersburg,MD
PhotoSource:watkinsmilltc.com
ShadyGroveStation
PhotoSource:eya.com
MetroPointe atWheatonMetro
PhotoSource:tortigallas.com
GettingParkingRightinEmergingMixedUseEnvironments|
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PresentationOutline
1. LinkingTDMandParking
2. ParkingManagementStrategies
GettingParkingRightinEmergingMixedUseEnvironments|
StudysponsoredbytheMetropolitanWashingtonCouncilofGovernments
(MWCOG)TransportationLandUseConnectionsProgram.
StudyPurpose:Developatransportationdemandmanagementprogram
thatenablestheCityofFallsChurchtocapitalizeonitsproximityto
existingorproposedtransportationfacilitiesandtoservetheCitys
WashingtonStreetcommercialcorridor.
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FallsChurch:TODBeyondtheQuarterMile
GettingParkingRightinEmergingMixedUseEnvironments|
Challenges:
Evolvinglanduses
LackofdataonbuildinglevelimpactsofTDM
strategies,nolinktoparkingprovision
Difficulttodiscerntripreductionsduetothe
availabilityoftransitinamixeduse
environmentandTDM
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HowcanwelinkTDMandParking?
GettingParkingRightinEmergingMixedUseEnvironments|
Pricinginfluencestravelchoices PricingforSOVparkinghasconsistentlyproven
toincreasetheuseofnonSOVmodes.Thisshiftismostnoticeableinareaswith
alternativetransportationoptionsavailable.
Parkingavailabilityinfluencestravelchoices Parkingsupplymanagementin
additiontomarketrateparkingcanreducevehicletripsandshiftthetimeofday
thatvehicletripsaremade.Traveldemandcanbeinfluencedbyvaryingthecostof
parkingthroughoutthedaybychargingmoreduringpeakperiodsandbyvarying
thepriceofparkingforshorttermversuslongtermparking.
BundlingcomplementaryTDMstrategiescreatesthegreatestimpact Providing
incentivesforalternativemodesordisincentivesforSOVtravelaremosteffective
whentherearegoodalternativesavailable(e.g.,hightransitlevelofservice,
existingvanpoolsandcarpoolmatchingservices,andpedestrianandbicycle
facilities).CombininganumberofdifferentTDMstrategiesintooneprogram,will
createthegreatestimpact.
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HowcanwelinkTDMandParking?
GettingParkingRightinEmergingMixedUseEnvironments|
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HowcanwelinkTDMandParking?
GettingParkingRightinEmergingMixedUseEnvironments|
MXDTripGenerationandParkingGeneration
TheByron
PhotoSource:condo.com
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HowcanwelinkTDMandParking?
TDM Program
or Strategy
High Transit
Moderate
Transit
Low Transit
Support,
Promotion,
Information
3-5% 1-3% <1%
Alternative
Commute
Services
5-10% 5-10% 1-3%
Financial
Incentives
10-20% 5-15% 1-5%
Combined Strategies
With Free
Parking
15-20% 10-15% 3-7%
With Paid
Parking
25-30% 15-20% N/A
Evidence onTDMProgram Impacts
Vehicle Trip Reduction
Source:CambridgeSystematics,2010(FairfaxCounty,VA),as
reproducedinIntegratingDemandManagementintothe
TransportationPlanningProcess:ADeskReference,2012,Federal
HighwaysAdministration
GettingParkingRightinEmergingMixedUseEnvironments|
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FallsChurch:TODBeyondtheQuarterMile
GettingParkingRightinEmergingMixedUseEnvironments|
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ParkingManagementStrategies
DesignatedparkingforCarsharingvehicles
ArlingtonCounty,VAIncludesprovisionofoffstreet
carsharingparkingaspartofnegotiatedTDMplanfor
newdevelopments.Developmentprojectsparticipate
intheTDMsiteplanreviewprocessinexchangefora
densitybonus.
SanFrancisco,CASinceApril2008,newlyconstructed
residentialprojectsorexistingbuildingsconvertedto
residentialuses,mustprovideparkingspacesfreeof
chargetocarsharingorganizations.Therequirement
isonlyapplicabletoprojectsbuilding50ormore
units.
Vancouver,BCParkingrequirementsarereducedif
thedeveloperdesignatesparkingspacesforcarshare
vehicles.
GettingParkingRightinEmergingMixedUseEnvironments|
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ParkingManagementStrategies
InLieuFee
Pasadena,CAAdevelopermaypayafeetothecity
insteadofprovidingrequiringparking.
ArlingtonCounty,VAThecountymanagersetsaone
timefee(basedontherelativecostofbuilding
structuredparkingandadjustedannually)that
developerscanpayiftheyoptoutofproviding
parking.
MontgomeryCounty,MDTheCountyusesinlieu
parkingfeestofundcentralizedparkingstructures
withinthecountysfourParkingManagement
Districts.
Seattle,WAAdevelopercanpaythecityinlieuof
providingparking.Thepaymentsmaybeusedtofund
alongtermpublicparkingstructureinthedesignated
area.
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ParkingManagementStrategies
ParkingDatabaseandActive
Management
Seattle,WATheCityofSeattlemaintainsa
databaseofonstreetandoffstreetvisitor
parkingwithintheCentralCity.Thedatabaseis
usedincoordinationwithTDMmeasuresto
reducecongestion.
SanFrancisco,CATheSanFranciscoMunicipal
TransportationAgencysSFpark programseeksto
optimizetheuseoftheagencyspublicparking
garagesthroughcombiningtheuseofsensorsin
vehiclespacestodetectwhentheyareinuse,
advancedparkingmeters,anddynamicpricing,
alongwithmobilephoneandwebapplications
thatprovideuserswithrealtimeinformationon
theavailabilityandpriceofpublicparking.
GettingParkingRightinEmergingMixedUseEnvironments|
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ParkingManagementStrategies
ParkingMaximum
ChapelHill,NCTheTownZoningCodeincludes
bothaminimumandmaximumnumberof
parkingspacesallowedformostusesalongwitha
minimumnumberofbicycleparkingrequired.Ifa
proposeduseisnotincludedinthezoningcode,
thentheTownManageristodeterminethefinal
requirements.
Portland,ORPortlandsmaximumparkingratios
varybasedonthelocationandlanduse.Areas
thatarezonedformoreintensedevelopment
havelowermaximumsasdoareasthatare
proximatetohighfrequencytransit.
GettingParkingRightinEmergingMixedUseEnvironments|
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ParkingManagementStrategies
GettingParkingRightinEmergingMixedUseEnvironments|
VariableMarketRateParking
Chicago,ILIn2009,theCityofChicagocontracted
outallonstreetparkingtoaprivatefirmthatwill
maintainandoperatetheparkingmetersforthe
next75years.
Seattle,WAIn2012,theCityofSeattle
implementedavariableratepricingstructurefor
onstreetparkingthatcariesbyblockandtimeof
day.
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ParkingManagementStrategies
Unbundlingthecostofparking
SanFrancisco,CAUnbundlingparkinghasbeensuccessfully
integratedintotheCityofSanFranciscoszoningcode.Anynew
constructionornewbuildingconversionwith10ormore
residentialunitsmustseparatethecostofparkingfromthecost
ofhousing.
SharedParking
MontgomeryCounty,MDSharedparkingisallowedwhenthe
siteorbuildingisunderthesameownershiporunderajointuse
agreementandisusedfortwoormorepurposes.Theuses
servedbytheparkingarrangementmustbewithina500foot
walkingdistanceofthesharedparkingfacility.
GettingParkingRightinEmergingMixedUseEnvironments|
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Questions?
ShanaR.Johnson,AICP
sjohnson@foursquareitp.com
CityofFallsChurch:TODBeyondtheQuarterMile
http://www.mwcog.org/transportation/activities/tlc
GettingParkingRightinEmergingMixedUseEnvironments|