AP Comparative Final Review Guide

Characteristics of States:
Legitimacy
Civil society
Difference etween a state and a nation
!nitary vs" Federalist vs" Confederalist governments
Pluralism
Corporatism
Patron#client relationships
First#past#the#post$%inner#ta&e#all electoral system
o Single memer district
o 'ffect on minor parties
Proportional representation electoral system
o 'ffect on minor parties
Parliamentary vs" Presidential systems
o Parliamentary ( Legislative ) e*ecutive ranches fused together
+otes of confidence
o Presidential ( Legislative ) e*ecutive ranches separate
Lieral vs" illieral democracy
o Criteria for each
o '*amples of each
Role of ,ureaucracies in the modern state
Gloali-ation vs" Fragmentation
o Conse.uences of each
/rends of democrati-ation ) mar&eti-ation
0ethods of Comparison
1nverse vs" direct relationships
2ormative vs" empirical statements
Correlation
o 3ow does this differ from causation4
+arious measures of development
o GDP5 G121 inde*5 Freedom 3ouse5 3D15 CP1
!nit 11 Review Guide 6!nited 7ingdom5 'uropean !nion5 1ran8
!nited 7ingdom
3istory
o 9!nwritten: constitution;effects
o Gradualism;effects
o Achievements during each of the following periods:
Collectivist consensus
Conservative governments of <=>?s;/hatcherism
,lair@s 9/hird %ay:$2ew Laour
'lectoral System
o /ype of electoral system
o 3ow often elections must e held
o 3ow Prime 0inister and cainet chosen
Parliament
o +otes of confidence$votes of no confidence
o Role of political parties in 3ouse of Commons
o Powers of Prime 0inister and his Cainet
Collective Responsiility
Auestion 3our
o 3ouse of Commons vs" 3ouse of Lords
Political Parties
o Laour vs" Conservative 1deologies
3istorical asis for these parties
o Role of parties in government$policy#ma&ing
Political Culture
o Cleavages;most important division
Bpinions toward the '! ) the single currency 6'uro8
'uropean !nion
0aasthrict /reaty
o Single currency5 'uropean citi-enship5 common foreign policy
o Arguments for and against Coining '! single currency
Arguments for and against '! enlargement
Democratic deficit
o Limits on sovereignty of memer countries
o 9'uros&eptics:
%hat are they suspicious of4 %hat do they disli&e aout the '!4
1ran
3istory
o Shah Re-a Pahlavi
o 1slamic Revolution 6<=D=8
Constitution of <=D=
Ayatollah Ruhollah 7homeini
%hat were his views of government and religion4
o President 7hatami and the reform movement
%hat rought this movement to an end4
Powers$roles of the 1nstitutions of Government:
o President5 Supreme Leader5 0aClis5 Guardian Council5 Assemly of
Religious '*perts
%hat is Curist guardianship4
'lections
o %ho can vote4
o %hat institutions are popularly elected4
o %hat limits the aility of voters to choose whoever they want4
Political Culture
o Conflicts$cleavages
Age 6lots of young people8$social class$education$women
Reformers vs" Conservatives
'fforts to democrati-e 1ran@s political process
Responses to these efforts y political leaders
Characteristics of each group
o Role of women and minorities in government
!nit 111 Review Guide: Russia and China
Eou should &now the definitions of the following terms$concepts and their significance"
General 6should &now significance for these in terms of oth Russia and China8
Procedural v" Sustantive Democracy
Civil society in authoritarian states
Command economy
F year plans
o Purpose
Polituro
Democratic centralism
Differences etween reform efforts$successes in Soviet !nion vs" China
Reaction to reformist political movements$separatist ethnic movements
Russia
Russian Communist revolution $ Soviet !nion
o Role of Lenin
%ho did he see as the vanguard of this revolution4
o 3ow did this conflict with 0ar*@s ideas aout a communist revolution
o Stalin
o 7hruschev
o Nomenklatura
o Polituro
/he collapse of the Soviet !nion
o Causes of the collapse
Role of Gorachev
Glasnost 6openness8
Perestroi&a 6restructuring8
Russia in aftermath of collapse of !SSR
o Eeltsin
Shoc& therapy
o Putin;limits on democrati-ation$civil society
o Reasons for continued authoritarian control and power of the president
o Constitutional Court;Cudicial review
Political parties;platforms5 roles5 limits
'lectoral system
Role of military
China
0ao@s Communist revolution
o %ho did he see as the vanguard of this revolution4
<?? Flowers Campaign
Great Leap Forward
Cultural Revolution
o %hen did it occur4
o %hat were its goals4
o %hat happened during this time4
Pro#democracy efforts 6<=>=8
o %ho was involved4
o %hat happened4
o %hat was the Democracy %all4
'conomic reforms
o %hen did these occur4 !nder whose leadership4
o %hat were the reforms that too& place4
o %hat were the effects of these reforms4
2ational People@s Congress
o Formal$constitutional powers
o %hat powers does it have in reality4 %hy4
Gudiciary
o Lac&s Cudicial review
Reforms
o Deng Hiaoping@s role in reforms
o 'conomic
o Political
Local levels of government and elections
Guan*i
0ass line
Role of military
o %ho controls the PLA4
'thnic minorities
o %ho are they4 3ow are they treated4 Recent reforms4
Bne childe policy;causes$effects
!nit 1+ Review Guide: 0e*ico and 2igeria
Eou should &now the definitions of the following terms and their significance"
General 6should &now significance for these in terms of oth 0e*ico and 2igeria8
Dependency theory
1mport sustitution industriali-ation 61S18
Role of 10F5 %orld ,an&
o Structural adCustment
o Conditionality
Patron#client relationships
Role of military in developing countries
2ature of chec&s ) alances $ separation of powers in developing countries
Similarities etween developing countries
o 'ffects of colonial rule
o 2ature of cleavages
o 'ffects of corruption
Corporatism
Para#statals;P'0'H
0oderni-ation theory;what changes tend to occur as countries moderni-e4
Failed state;what ma&es a country a failed state4
0e*ico
Role of the presidency 6head of state ) government8 6oth during PR1@s rule and after8
o Formal powers
o 1nformal powers
o Se*eno
o ,ureaucracy
Political parties;their ideologies5 who supports them5 where their support comes from
o PR1
o PA2
o PRD
Reasons for the PR1@s D? year dominance $ reasons this ended ) when
Democrati-ation process
o %hat has led to greater levels of democracy4
o Role of the 1nstitute of Federal 'lections 61F'8
Role of patron#client relations
o Camarillas
0a.uiladoras
2AF/A
Cleavages in 0e*ico$Political Culture
o Role of women in politics
Structure of legislative elections
Role of media
Role of interest groups
2igeria
'ffects of ,ritish coloni-ation
Political characteristics of the I
th
Repulic
Role of military
Role of presidency 6head of state ) government8
o %hy is the president so powerful4
Role of Patron#client relations
o Preendalism
Cleavages in 2igeria$Political Culture
o Role of women in politics
o Religious5 ethnic5 linguistic divisions 6Eorua5 1go5 3ausa#Faluni8
2ature of these divisions;where are the various groups4
'ffects of these divisions
Structure of elections
o Presidential
o Congressional
o 12'C 61ndependent 2ational 'lectoral Commission8
Role of media
Role of political parties;their ideologies and who supports them
o PDP
o AD
o A2PP
%hich of the aove has een dominant4
Role of interest groups
Role of the courts
o Differences in courts throughout the country 6Sharia5 customary law5 ,ritish#style
courts5 etc"8
Role in 'conomic Community of %est African States 6'CB%AS8