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tcef; (2) acG;iwfut kd pmauR;aomtrwf 57
b0wefz;kd ESihf bmomwefz;kd vlom;pm;rsm;ESihf tb,rax&f 58
ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom\ &nf&, G cf suyf ef;wdik f 20 qDa0aom'ge&Sif 59
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ausmif;aqmifa&SUta&mufrSmyif udk&if£E´0Houdk toifhawGUvdkufonfESifh -
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txufazmfjyyg q&mawmfBu;D ESpyf g;\ Mo0g'rsm;rS tusK;d &Sad om bmoma&; tawG;tac:
rsm;udk pm½Iorl sm; ud, k wf ikd xf wk ,
f Ml uyg&efwu kd wf eG ;f &if; bmoma&;twkta,mifrsm;udk ta&;wBu;D odoifh
yHkudk azmfjy&mtcef;udk þrSmyifed*Hk;csKyftyfygonf/
]] bk&m;rjzpfao;orQ? rdrdudk,fudk b,fawmhrS jynfhpHkNyD[k ratmufarhygESifh/ }}
( yxr rpdk;&drfq&mawmfBuD; OD;ol&d, )
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aoonfhtcsdefxd jyKjyif &rnf/ }}
( tr&yl&? r[m*E¨m½Hk q&mawmf OD;Zeu )
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omraPi,f qHk;raomfvnf; em;axmifrnf[k &Sifom&dykwå&m? ESvHk;oGif;onf/
tjypfjyqHk;roludk a&Ttdk;ay;ol[k qnf;uyf&rnf/
yef;yJq&m txkrcHaom oHwHk; vufeuftjzpfodkU ra&muf/
q&maumif; tqHk;tr rcHcsifaomwynfh? olawmfaumif;rjzpf/
awmt&yfü rdbuif;aom om;orD; usm;pmjzpf\/
omoemü Mo0g'uif;aom&[ef; rm&fewfpmjzpf\/ }}
( yxra&Tusif q&mawmfBuD; OD;Zm*& )
tcef; (2)
b0wefzdk;ESifh bmomwefzdk;
ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom\ &nf&G,fcsufyef;wdkif
ax&0g'Ak'¨bmom\ &nf&G,fcsufyef;wdkifum; r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfudk&um edAÁmefudkrsuf
arSmufjyKa&;yif jzpfyg\/ avmuü bk&m;yGiahf wmfrjl cif;uvnf; 4if;&nf&, G cf suaf Mumifyh ifjzpf\/ xdUk aMumifh
vnf; pvif;uefv,fq&mawmfbk&m;MuD;u -
tdk vltrsm;wdUk ? bk&m;ocifEiS hf ud, k w f ikd rf awGUvdu
k Mf u&í bm0rf;enf;p&m&So d vJ? ,cktcg
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ygonf/ odUk twGuf tdk ..vlrsm;wdUk ,cktcg uHyg&rDukd ar;&efrvdyk g/ &Sib f &k ifom;jzpfNy;D tdraf &SUrif;om;
onf &Sifbk&ifjzpf&ef aA'ifar;zdkUrvdk/
rkwq f w d yf sm;pGo
J o l nf wjcm;oGm;Ny;D ysm;rsm;zGw&f efrvd?k &efo0l ikd ;f xm;cH&olonf xGuaf yguf
odvsufeJU rxGufaomf? uHyg&rDcszG,frvdk? tnpftaMu;vl;olonf a&pif&SdvQufraq;aomf a&ütjypf
qdzk ,
G &f mrvd?k rdrud om zsi;f vdUk ? tçvdUk ? eçvdUk jzpfonf/ taoenf;ao;w,fvUkd om qdzk , G af umif;awmh\/
aMumufMu? vefUMu? xdwfMu/tdk ..vlrsm;wdkU? odkUtwGuf w&m;tm;xkwfMuygukefavmh/
[lí r*fÓPfzÓ kd Pf &aMumif;vrf;jzpfonfh 0dyóemw&m;udk tm;xkwMf u&ef ta&;wBu;D
wkdufwGef;awmfrlcJhygonf/ r*fÓPfzdkÓPf&zdkU tm;xkwfjcif;rSm &vmaomvlUb0rS tESpfom&xkwfjcif;
wpfcyk ifjzpf\/ xdu k ohJ Ukd tESpo f m& xkwcf sivf mzdUk &ef a&S;OD;pGm vlUb0wefz;kd ? Ak'b ¨ momjzpf&jcif;\ wefz;kd
wdkUudk od&efvdktyfygonf/
&cJjcif;w&m; ig;yg;
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bk&m;&Sif yGiahf wmfral omtcgudk &cJjcif;? vlUb0udk &cJjcif;? o'¨gw&m;&Sad omyk*Kd¾ vt f jzpfukd &cJjcif;? &[ef;
b0udk &cJjcif;? olawmfaumif;w&m;udk Mum;em&cJjcif;wdkU jzpfayonf/ þae&mwGif vlUb0&cJyHkudkom
pm½Iolrsm; em;vnfonftxd BudK;pm;a&;om;ygrnf/ t*kFwådK&fygVdawmfü a[mMum;csufudk ydkNyD;oabm
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wpfzef Oy&dyPÖmoygVdawmf? oknw0*f? Amvy@dwokwfwGifvnf; tyg,fbHkom;wdkU

vlUb0&zdkU cJ,Of;yHkESifhyufoufí a[mMum;xm;awmfrlonfrSm -
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Ak'¨w&m;ESifh w½kwfjynfvlOD;a&
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Ak'ä[mMum;csuf[m ,ckacwftaeeJU rSefygOD;rvm;bk&m; }}
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J rf;
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kd ykd gygw,f? qdv k w kd mu Ak'&¨ UJ a[mMum;csuf
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trsm;qdkwm ab;ut&meJU EIdif;,SOfMunfhrS ay:vGifxif&Sm; trSefudka&mufygw,f/ Oyrm a':vmoef;
wpf&mcsrf;omwJh vlwpfa,mufudkomawGUzl;&if 'DvlomvQiftcsrf;omqHk;vdkU xifrdaerSm? aemufawmh
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'gayr,fh tyg,fbHkom;awGeJU,SOfMunfhvdkufrS vlOD;a&[m bmrSr&Sdygvm;qdkwm ay:vGif

oGm;w,f? bm0em'DyeDrSm v,fwDq&mawmfu vl? ewf? jA[®mqdkwJh ok*wdbHkom;awG[m i&J? wd&pämef?
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owå0gum; rukefav&m? þrQavmuf tyg,fav;bHkonf todkufttHk BuD;rm;vS\ wJh/ oHk;EIef;oGm;wJh
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tvsm; 12 rdkif? teH 12 rdkif? tjrifh 12 rdkif&SdwJh *dkaxmifBuD;xJudk ao;i,fwJh rkefnif;aphav;rsm;udk
tjynfjh znfx h m;&ygr,f? tESpw f pf&maerS rkenf if;aphwpfaphuo kd m xkyyf pf&ygrnf/ tJ'v D x kd wk yf pfwt
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f ab;wGif
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em,lrdvsufom; jzpfaeygawmhonf/ 4if;vlav;rsKd;rSm -
1/ vlUi&Jom; 2/ vlUwd&pämef 3/ vlUNydwåm 4/ vlUy&rw¬ wdkUjzpfayonf/
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tm;xkwfcGifhr&yJ? ESdyfpufn§if;yef;rIudk puúefUrvyfcHaeMu&ouJhodkU wcsKdUvlum;jzpf&yg\/ odkUaomf 'ge?
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oH;k rsK;d udo
k m tm;xkwjf yKvyk &f if; wpfb0qH;k oGm;ouJo
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vdkufygonf/
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tdyfpm;umr? od½HkrQ? rSwfMuvlryD/
tukodkvfy,f? ukodkvfqG,f? wu,fvlyDonf/
vlryDu? tyg,fus? 'ku©rvGwfNyD?
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tdraf tmufrS w&m;emrdomG ;aom pcef;rSL;yif/ rdru d , kd u
f kd qef;ppfMunf&h mrS vlUwd&pämefxyJ g0ifaeaMumif;
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jyóemBuD;wpfck ay:aygufvmygawmhonf/
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f &m;rsm;udk BuKd ;pm;tm;
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q&mudkr&SmazGbJ OD;*kPuJhodkU wdw¬dq&mrdkuf? q&m,kwfudk aygif;oif;rSD0JaomaMumifhyif jzpfyg\/
xdkUaMumifhvnf; rCa'0ü refvnfq&mawmfu -
]] aumif;qdk;ppfí? usKd;jypf½IarQmf? odjrifarQmfavmh?
olawmfr[kwf? ol,kwfwdkUü? wpfcdkufrQjzifh?
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rdpämwdrf;yg? ,lazmufjym;í? w&m;ravsmf?
rSm;,Gif;acsmf\ }} [k a&;pyfawmfrlcJhayonf/
t,lrSm;jcif;\ 'kwd,taMumif;rSm umvrokwfü jrwfAk'ä[mMum;xm;onfrSm av;pm;

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wwd,t,lrmS ;jcif;\taMumif;rSm azmfjycJNh y;D aom uHav;rsK;d tusK;d ay;yHt k pOfukd rodjcif;
aMumifhyif jzpfyg\/ þae&mü tvmwESifh ADZuwkdU\ twdwfb0jzpf&yfrsm;udk uHav;rsKd;jzifh oHk;oyfjy
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rjzpfrcsi;f tusK;d ay;&ef apmifah eavNy/D tusK;d ray;&ao;yg/ ,ck tvmwppfoBl u;D tjzpf csr;f omatmif
tusKd;ay;vdkufonfu [dk;vGefcJhaom b0wpfcku uóyjrwfpGmbk&m;\ "mwfawmfudk Xmyemxm;aom
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um eef;awmfa&mufonfEiS hf rif;rIa&;&mrsm;udk trwfBu;D rsm;tm;vTt J yfum vif&rdS ,m;rsm;udyk iford ;f ydu k Nf y;D
umr*kPt f m½Hrk sm;udk twdik ;f tqr&Sd cHpm;aeygawmhonf/ tvSL'gevnf; wpfcrk rS vkyaf wmhay/ wpfwidk ;f
jynfv;kH pdwq f if;&JMu&um ynm&Srd sm;\ uJ&h UJ ½Iwcf sjcif;udv k nf; cH&awmhonf/ t*Fwrd if;Bu;D um; bmudrk S
*½krpdu k af wmh/
raocif umr*kPt f m½Hrk sm; rsm;pGmcHpm;a&;onfomvQif olUb0\ &nfreS ;f csuyf ef;wdik t f jzpf
xm;vdu k af yNy/D þae&mü vlom;wdik ;f t*Fwrd if;Bu;D uJo h Ukd rjzpfap&ef&nfoefí rZÑrd y@moygVdawmf tyPÖ
okww f iG f jrwfA'k u ¨ wrvGeb f 0ESihf yufoufí -
wrvGefb0udk vufrcHvQif
wrvGeb f 0 &S?d r&Spd aom jyóemrsm;udk r,Hv k okd wl Ukd r,Hb
k J aeEdik yf gonf/ odUk &mwGif aovQif
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ywf0ef;usif ynm&SdwdkU\ uJh&JU½IwfcscH&jcif;paom vufiif;tjypfrsm;ESifh &ifqdkif&ayawmhrnfrSm rvGJay/
csucf si;f yif t½I;H ay:aeacsNy/D olxifonft h wdik ;f r[kwb f J wrvGeb f 0&Sad evQiu f m; xko d ol nft,lrmS ;aeol
jzpfí i&JrSvGwf&efr&Sd/ xdkUaMumifh ESpfzufpvHk;½IH;onf rnf\/
wrvGefb0udk vufcHxm;aomolum; aumif;wmvkyfvQif aumif;aomb0 a&mufrnf/
raumif;wmvkyv f Qif raumif;aomb0a&mufrnf[k vufcx H m;aomaMumifh ,ckb0 raumif;wmrvkyrf d
jcif;? ynm&Srd sm; cs;D rGr;f Mujcif;uyif ,ckcsucf si;f tjrwfay:aeacsNy/D olxifonft h wkid ;f wrvGeb f 0r&Scd hJ
vQiv f nf; udprö &S/d tu,fí &Scd v hJ Qiv
f nf; aumif;aomb0udk a&mufrnfjzpfí ESpzf ufv;kH tjrwfxu G o f nf
rnf\ - [lí a[mMum;awmfrlcJhayNyD/
t*Fwrd if;Bu;D \t,lrmS ;udk acszsuaf y;&ef ½kpmrif;orD;onf vjynfOh ykorf wdik cf if wpf&uf
wGif t*Fwrd if;Bu;D xHoUkd tcpm;0ifNy;D tvSL'gejyK&ef aiGwpfaxmifawmif;&m t*Fwrd if;Bu;D u wdwq då &mBu;D
OD;*kP\ Mo0g'? tvmwESihf ADZuwdUk \ ud, k af wGUrsm;udak jymjyum tvSL'gerjyK&ef ydwyf ifavawmhonf/
xdktcgusrS ½kpmrif;orD;u -
]] crnf;awmf? tvmwwdUk ADZuwdUk twdwb f 0udo k w d ,fqw kd m wpfb0wnf;yg/ orD;awmfu
twdwf tem*wfb0aygif; 14 b0wdwu d kd trSw&f Edik yf gw,f/ orD;awmf[m wpfcak omb0rSm &mZN*Kd [Nf rKd Uu
a&Tyef;xdro f nf&UJ om;wpfa,mufjzpfczhJ ;l ygw,f/ raumif;wJh rdwaf qG,w k rf sm;aMumifh tJ'b D 0rSm olwpfyg;&JU
r,m;awGudk jypfrSm;apmfum;wJh y&'g&uHawG usL;vGefcJhygw,f/
tJ'b D 0aoawmh umarokrpd mä pm&uHawGu tusK;d ay;vdUk a&m½k0i&Jukd usa&muf&ygw,f/
a&m½k0 i&JuvGwjf yefawmh odEmé *wwdik ;f rSm qdwx f ;D Bu;D jzpf&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh umarokrpd mä pm& tukov kd f
uHaMumifh txD;t*Fgudk oif;uGycf &H ygw,f/ qdwx f ;D b0 uaovGeaf wmh awmBu;D wpfawmrSm arsmufjzpf&
ygw,f? 'gayr,fh tkyfcsKyfwJharsmufBuD;u t*FgudkudkufazmufypfvdkU oif;uGyfNyD;om; jzpfoGm;jyefw,f/
arsmufb0uae aovGeaf wmh ok'óewdik ;f rSm EGm;xD;Bu;D jzpf&jyefygw,f/ umarokrpd mä pm&
uHaMumifh t*Fgudt k xkc&H wmygyJ/ EGm;b0uaovGeaf wmh 0dZmÆ wdik ;f rSm a,mufsm;r[kwf rde;f rr[kww f ehJ yke;f
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Z0eewfom;&JU rdz&k m;b0 wpfBurd jf zpfNy;D awmh ,ckcrnf;awmf&UJ orD;awmf½pk mqdw k thJ rnfeUJ jzpf&jyefygw,f/
'Db0u pkawvQifawmh wm0wðomewfjynfrSm ewfom;jzpf&rSmyg/ orD;awmf&JU udk,fawGU
jzpf&yfawGukd axmufxm;Ny;D aumif;uH? qd;k uHawG&UJ aumif;usK;d ? qd;k usK;d qdw k m trSe&f ydS gw,f crnf;awmf/
tJ'gaMumifh crnf;awmftaeeJU raumif;wJh tukodkvfuHrsm;udk rjyKvkyfbJ aumif;wJh ukodkvfuHrsm;om
jyKvkyfzdkU awmif;yefyg&ap crnf;awmfbk&m;/}}
(rSwfcsuf/ ½kpmrif;orD;onf t&SiftmeE´mtavmif;jzpfonf/)
½kpmrif;orD;u b,fvykd ifavQmufxm;aomfvnf; t*Fwrd if;Bu;D rSm olUt,l0g'udk rpGeUf awmh

ay/ xdt k cg ½kpmrif;orD;u ewfjA[®mrsm;udw k ikd w
f nfí awmif;yefaomaMumifh bk&m;tavmif; em'&jA[®m
rif;u &aohtoGi, f u
l m i&Jujkd yí qH;k raomtcgusrS rdpmä t,lukd pGeUf oGm;ygawmhonf/ qdck NhJ y;D onfrsm;udk
tusOf;csKyfí jyefvnfwifjy&vQif 0g't,lrSm;wpfckodkU ra&mufap&eftwGuf -
(u) ,HkMunfaomo'¨gESifh awG;ac:ajrmfjrifaom ynmudk
tnDtrQjzpfatmif BudK;pm;&rnf/
(c) umvmrokwf a[mMum;csufudk avhvmMu&rnf/
(*) uHtusKd;ay;yHk av;rsKd;udkvnf; odxm;Mu&rnf/
(C) ol,kwfrmudk a&Smifí ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;udk &SmazGqnf;uyfMu&rnf/
þt*Fgav;csuu f kd jynfph akH tmif BuKd ;pm;MuvQif t,l0g'rSm;udak &SmifMuOfí t,l0g'trSeüf
&yfwnfEikd Mf uayvdrrhf nf/ jrefrmjynfwpfjynfv;kH tjrifjh rwfq;kH Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawGom rsm;ygvsuf t,l0g'
rSm;odkU ra&mufap&ef tb,fhaMumifh þrQavmuf ca&aphwGif;us a&;ae&ygoenf;[k ar;vmjim;tHh/
tajzum; Ak'b ¨ mom0ifrsm;onfum; rSeyf g\/ xdu k ohJ Ukd rsm;yifrsm;ygaomfvnf; zm;ESiw hf al om Ak'b¨ momu
rsm;NyD; ysm;ESifhwlaom Ak'¨bmomu enf;aeaomaMumifh[k ajz&ygvdrfhrnf/ tus,f&Sif;ygthH/
om,mvSyat;jrvSaom a&uefBu;D wpfuefwiG f arT;BuKd ipf iG u hf m;aeaom y'krm® Mumyef;Bu;D
wpfyiG hf yGiv
hf su&f ydS gonf/ xdMk umyef;\ ajc&if;wGif zm;Bu;D wpfaumif aexdik o f nf/ wpfaeUwGif Mumyef;\
0wf&nf &eHUaMumifh ta0;rSysm;ydwkef;rsm; vma&mufum Mumyef;rS csKdNrdefaom0wf&nfrsm;udk pkyf,lMuav
onf/ 0wf&nf\ csKdNrdefaomt&omudk rcHpm;wwfaom zm;BuD;um; ysm;rsm;udkMunfhum 'Dysm;awG[m ig
aewJh a&uefuMumyef;&JU 0wf&nfudkvmNyD; oHk;aqmifMu&w,f/
olwUkd ud,
k yf ikd o
f ;kH aqmifp&m bmrSr&Syd gvm;[k awG;awmum tajcmufwu kd f b0ifjrif&h if;jzifh
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MumyifatmufrSm ae&ayr,fh 0wf&nf&JU csKdNrdefwJht&omudk rodyguvm;[k awG;awmum oem;Muav
onf/ qdck NhJ y;D aom Oyrmtwdik ;f yif jrefrmjynfrS Ak'b ¨ mom0iftrsm;pkrmS ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom\ tESpo f m&
wefzdk;udkodol tifrwefenf;vSonf/
odUk twGuaf Mumifv h nf; wjcm;bmomodUk tvG,w f ul ul;ajymif;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ þae&mü
ysm;ESifhwlaom EdkifiHjcm;? bmomjcm;rS Ak'¨bmom0ifjzpfvmolwpfOD;\ pum;&yfuav;udk wifjyygOD;rnf/
ol\ pum;&yfuav;udk rwifjyrD Ak'b ¨ mom0ifjzpfvm&jcif;\ aemufaMumif;tusO;f udk OD;pGmazmfjyygrnf/
ol\trnfum; qmAmwdak &pDtzkd ?D Zmwdu tDwvDEikd if ?H rDvefNrKd U? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyK
aexdkifonfu tar&duefEdkifiH? udkvHAD,mwuúodkvfrS bDtufpfpDbGJU& acwfynmwwf wpfa,mufyif/
wpfaeUwGif c&pörwf vufaqmiftjzpf rdwaf qGwpfa,mufu t*Fvyd b f momjyef "r®y'pmtkyw f pftyk u f kd
vufaqmifvmay;onf/ xdk"r®y'udk zwf&if;rS rnfolrSw&m;ra[m&bJ tvdkvdkAk'¨bmom0if jzpfvmcJh
&onf/ Ak'\ ¨ "r®uE© m¨ aygif; &Spaf omif;av;axmifaom w&m;awmfwUkd wGif "r®y'onfum; Edik if jH cm;bmom
jcm;wdkU tESpfoufqHk;w&m;ygay/
,cifu jA[®Pbmom0ifjzpfcahJ om oD&"d r®maomurif;Bu;D onf edaj*m"omraP a[mMum;

aom "r®y'*gxmwpf*gxmjzifh urÇmwGix f if&mS ;aom omoemh'g,um bk&ifBu;D wpfyg;jzpfc&hJ onf/ ,cifu
t&nf;Bu;D rsm;udk ud;k uG,cf &hJ aom jrefrmEdik if H taemf&xm bk&ifBu;D onf &Sit
f &[Ha[mMum;aom "r®y'
wpf*gxmjzifhyif ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomtjzpfodkU ouf0ifawmfrlcJhayonf/
c&pf,mefbmom0ifjzpfaom qmAmwdka&pDtdkzDonfvnf; "r®y'w&m;awmfjzifhyif Ak'¨bm
om0ifjzpfcJh& jyefygonf/ bmomjcm;rsm;yif xdkrQavmuf MunfndKav;pm;&aom "r®y'w&m;awmf*gxm
wpfyk'fudk pm½Iolrsm; MunfndKo'¨gyGm;Edkif&ef wifjytyfygonf/
rPðrda*gyóaEÅmyd? wdPHcg'H0 *päwd/
v'ümavm 'kyÜanmyd? umrHbkÍÆH0 *päwd/
orifonf jynfwefywåjrm;udk awGUjrifaomfvnf; wefzdk;rodonfhtwGuf jrufudkompm;NyD;
awmwGi;f 0ifomG ;ouJo h Ukd ynmrJah omvlru kd o
f nf vlUb0tcGiuhf mvaumif;udk &aeygaomfvnf; wefz;kd rod
onfhtwGuf tm½Hkig;yg; umr*kPfw&m;udkcHpm;NyD; tyg,fav;yg;odkU oGm;onf/ azmfjyyg w&m;awmf\
"r®&oudk tjynfht0cHpm;Edkif&ef q&mawmfBuD;oHk;yg;u ,ckuJhodkU BudK;pm;a&;zGJUawmfrlxm;Muygonf/
]] ig;tm½Hkbiftpk? cifrIeJUaeUukef
eif,ckarhyHkvdk? awGUrBuHKpcef;
yg,fav;0 aomubHkrSm
arsm&½Hk&Sdawmhrcef;
atmuf0Dpdaomif;tilrSm
acgif;rjyLpwrf;
ESpft&Snfepfrnfhvrf;udkv
eifarQmfprf; eifhukd,f
a'oemxif tvif;&,fESifh
eiftzsif;ydkxufomydk
onfavmbp½dkuftdkudk
rvdkufvdka&SmifypfvdkU
aemiftopfwu,fjyifvQif
aumif;zdkUtpOf
cGifhomcdkufrS rvdkufcsifvQif
trdkufeifhjyif &Sdao;avvdrfhvm;
cGifhomqJurS rcJcsifvQif
tvGJeifhjyif &Sdao;avvdrfhvm;
cGifhomwkef;rSm r½kef;csifvQif
t½IH;eifhjyif &Sdao;avvdrfhvm; }}
(v,fwDq&mawmf)
tqif;? toH? teHU? t&om? tawGUtxd[k qdt k yfaom tm½Hik g;yg; rpiftnpftaMu;rsm;udk
oHk;aqmifcHpm;vsuf arhavsmhaevQif tyg,fav;bHkwGif arsm&vdrfhrnf/ rdkufrJaom b0a&mufí yÍöeEÅ
&d,uH ig;yg;wpfyg;yg;udk usL;vGefrdvQif t0Dpdi&JrSm acgif;rjyLEdkifatmif cH&rnfudk arQmfrSef;Munfh&rnf/
tyg,fvGwfaMumif; r*fzdkvfa'oem aumif;rsm;&Sdygvsuf eifzsif; tç aeaomaMumifhom tm;rxkwfjcif;
jzpfonf/
b0udk wyfrufaomwPSmavmbudk 0dyóemr*fÓPfjzifh y,fowf&ef jyifqifoifNh y/D xdo k Ukd rS
rBudK;pm;vQif oifonftrdkufqHk;? tvGJqHk;? t½IH;qHk; jzpfvdrfhrnf[k qdkvdkygonf/
]] usD;eufrdkufacgif? qifaoaumifxuf? aomifudkrvSrf;?
urf;udkrouf? tykyfrufí? pD;vsufpm;um? vdkufavygu?
ork'´&ma&mufqdkuf? vIdif;0J½dkufí? a&ürGef;epf? ig;pmjzpfodkU?
pifppfrSwfaqmif? vlwdkUabmif0,f? tdrfaxmif0#fxJ? aoatmifpGJí
tNrJaejim;? om;r,m;ESihf? cHpm;umr?vlxdkrQudk?
umuynm? usD;yrm[k?r[m0dok'f? jrwforÁK'fwdkU? a&TEIwfvSpfacR? a[mcJhay\/ }}
(refvnfq&mawmf)
tykyfrufaom usD;wpfaumifonf qifaoaumifxufodkUwufum tpm;tpmtwGuf
wpfoufvHk;ylp&m rvdkawmh [laomtawG;jzifh jrpftwGif;arsmygvdkufoGm;cJhonf/ aomifwdkUurf;wkdUudk
jrifae&ao;aomfvnf; vSr;f wufNy;D ae&pfzUkd rBuKd ;pm;cJ/h ork'&´ mtwGi;f a&mufaomtcg vIid ;f ½du k ?f 0Jpyk í
f
qifaoaumifEiS t hf wl ysupf ;D qH;k ½I;kH &aom us;D rdu
k uf ohJ Ukd rdu
k rf aJ omolrsm;onfvnf; om;r,m; tdraf xmif
0#fxJu ½kef;rxGufEdkifbJ umr*kPfcHpm;&if; wpfb0qHk;&olrsm;udk usD;rdkufESifhwlaMumif; bk&m;a[mxm;
onf[k t"dyÜg,f&ygonf/
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pm;a&;uodk;? tazmfuqdk;oeJU
trsKd;rsKd; umr*kPf?
tm½HkawGtvGef aESmufwmaMumifh
tyg,fbHk tcgcga&mufaomfvnf;
vGwfajrmufzdkUa0; }}
(tr&yl&NrdKU? r[m*E¨m½Hkq&mawmf)
ykxZk Ofrsm;\ oGm;&rnfo h o H &mc&D;um; &Snv f sm;vSonf/ vlUb0u rjzpfpavmuf tm;xkwf
cJhaom avmuDukodkvfuHrsm;uvnf; cPoHk;pm;½HkESifh ukefoGm;Edkifonf/ (odk;onf[k wifpm;xm;onf)
teD;uyftazmfuvnf; avmb? a'go? arm[ OD;pD;aom udavomqdk;rsm;? ½lyg½Hkpaom tm½Hkrsm;u
ykxZk Ofb0jzpfwidk ;f vdu
k íf aESmuf,u S af eaomaMumifh tyg,fbakH &mufaomfvnf; vGwaf jrmufzUkd a0;onf[k
qdkvdkygonf/
þuJoh Ukd tESpo

f m&jynf0h vSaom "r®y'usr;f pmjzifh Ak'b¨ mom0ifjzpfvmaom qmAmwdak &pD
tdkzDonf toufxufqHk; Ak'¨bmom &[ef;awmftjzpfudk cH,lvdkufygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHudk tNrJae&mXme
tjzpfxm;um urÇmudk oH;k ywfçywfro d nftxd BuKd ;pm;yrf;pm; omoemjyKawmfrcl yhJ gonf/ xdu k o
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xdUk aMumifh ed'ge0*¾o, H w k f t|uxm? y#dy'gokwüf -

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csrf;omudk rawmifhw rvdkcsifaompdwfonf tavmbjzpf\/ tavmbonf ukodkvfjzpf\/
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aMumif; v,fwDq&mawmfu Owåryk&do'DyeDü -
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awmfrcl yhJ gonf/
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bk&m;ay: tukefa&mufoGm;aomfvnf; armifxGef;armiftrnf&Sd ausmif;om;wpfa,mufrSm ygrvmcJhay/
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&efuek af &mufaomtcg bk&m;ay:a&mufcahJ om OD;zd;k usm;u trQray;&bJ tif;0pcef;teD;
wJpw k uf av;u jyefomG ;aom armifxeG ;f armifay;aomtrQukd om"kac:&if; Zmwford ;f xm;ygonf/ þud, k f
awGUZmwfvrf;xJrS armifxeG ;f armifuo hJ Ukd umv'gejyKrnfo h rl sm; jrefrmjynfwiG t f vGev f t kd yfaeygNy/D oHo
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aeUpOfem;&if; wl;NzKd aeus udUk vdUk uefUvefU jzpfaeaom awmifyUkd awmifypl m urlBu;D yif rwl;NzKd rad wmhacs/
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jyefvmum ZeD;rcsKdESifhwdkifyif\/ rcsKdvnf; rdrdcifyGef;\ tvdkqE´twdkif; vdkufavsmum rlvv,fydkif&Sif
c½dkiftkyfrif;xH taMumif;Mum;av\/ vufawGUwGif xdkpdwfrsKd;xm;EdkifcJpG/
c½dkiftkyfrif;vnf; &if;ESD;olrsm;tm;qifhac:í &wemodkufBuD;udkwl;azmfMu&m vSnf;ckepfpD;
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armifpx D rH S c½dik ;f tkyrf if;u &wemrsm;odr;f ,ljcif;rSm vGepf mG rw&m;aMumif; ajymqdMk u&m aemufq;kH jrawmif
rif;Bu;D xH wdik Mf um;onftxd a&mufomG ;\/ jrawmifrif;Bu;D vnf; ormorwfpOf;pm;av&m rlvv,fajr
cGJa0pOfuyif jyefUjyefUjyL;jyL;&Sdaom v,fuGufr[kwf/
v,fuGufv,fü awmifylpmawmifydkUBuD;ESifh udkUvdkUuefUvefUtuGufudk ay;jcif;jzpf&m rlv
apwemonfyif tm;enf;aeaMumif; pOf;pm;rdav\/ rnfoUdk jzpfap vuf&t dS ajctaet& armifpo D mvQif
&wemtm;vHk; ydkifqdkifxdkufaMumif;qHk;jzwfum c½dkiftkyfrif;u armifpDtm;jyefay;&ef qHk;jzwfay;vdkuf
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NrKd UwGif tkwaf vSum;ESppf if;wyfaom a&Tausmif;Bu;D udk pwifaqmufvLS Mu\/
(,ckxakd usmif;Bu;D xdak cwfoyl ek af Mumifh rD;avmifavNy)D
rdik ;f wdik f 12 jyifonf xdak cwfjynfwiG ;f a&; rNird ;f at;ojzifh OD;pDonf rdik ;f wdik Nf rKd UrS jrawmif
NrKd UodUk ajymif;a&TUaecJ\ h / jrawmifoUkd a&mufvQiv f nf; tvSLBu;D ay;um urÜnf;xd;k aMunmcJ\ h / a&SUem;ujy
cJah om aumif;rIpm&if;rsm;rSm 1240 jynfEh pS f jrawmifoUkd a&mufpujyKvyk af om 'gepm&if;rQomwnf;/
(wnfawmq&mawmfBu;D a&;aom xD;csKid Nhf rKd Ue,fordik ;f pmtkyw f iG f tus,Mf unf½h EI ikd yf gao;onf/)
jrawmifoal |;OD;pDuo hJ Ukd yif tvSLcHy*k Kd¾ vv f tkd yfaomtcgwGif vdt k yfaomt&mudk vSL'gef;Mu
aom tvSL&Sit f csKUd \ 'gersm;udak zmfjy&if; Opöm\tESpo f m& 'gew&m;udk azmfjy&mtcef;udk ed*;kH csKyv f ukd f
ygonf/
urÜnf;rxdk;wJh tvSL&Sif
ok"r®rPdaZmw"&bGJU& apwem&Sif OD;pef;armifudk bkwvifNrdKUe,f? armif;axmiftydkif
0Hw&kH mG ü 1294 ckEpS ?f waygif;vjynfah usmf 1 &uf? paeaeUwGif zGm;jrifcyhJ gonf/ touf 39 ESprf S ,cktouf
60 ESpf txd 22 ESpfaom umvtwGif; t&yf&yftvSLaiGaygif; 102 odef;ausmfoGm;ayNyD/ xif&Sm;aom
aumif;rIrsm;rSm-
- aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;NyD; bkef;BuD;ausmif; (3) ausmif;
- wnfNyD;aom apwDaygif; (11) ql
- aqmufvkyfay;cJhaom rlvwef;ausmif; (1) ausmif;
- jyKjyifay;cJhonfh rlvwef;ausmif; (2) ausmif;
- wHwm;aygif; (12)ck? (ukefusp&dwf tenf;qHk;ig;axmifrS wpfodef;cJGtxd)
- pufa&wGif;aygif; (12) ck? vufiifa&wGif; (16) wGif; wdkUjzpfayonf/
aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;aom bkef;BuD;ausmif; (3)ausmif;wGif yxrarmif;axmif q&mawmf
bk&m;Bu;D oDwif;oH;k awmfrcl ahJ om ausmif;awmfBu;D udk jyKjyifaqmufvyk í f omoemtwGut f a&;Bu;D vSaom
pmoifwdkufBuD;wpfck wnfaxmifay;EkdifcJhjcif;yif jzpfygonf/ jruGrf;awmifpmoifwkduf [laomtrnfjzifh
pmcspmoif oHCmawmftyg; 50 wdkU *EÅ"l&wm0efudk ausyGefpGmxr;faqmifawmfrlaeMuavNyD/ aumif;rI
ukodkvf 10 ckavmuf&SdvQif &Spfckavmufu ukodkvf&Siftrnfpm&if; rwyfonfursm;onf/
ukodkvf&Siftrnfrwyfjcif; taMumif;udk OD;pef;armifu ,ckuJhodkU &Sif;jyygonf/
]] OyrmAsm uRefawmfaqmufwJhausmif;? jyifxm;wJhZ&yfu a[mif;EGrf;aqG;jrnfhoGm;ygNyDwJh/
aemufxyf ukov kd &f iS u
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oabmwlnDrI,l&eJU tvkyf½Iyfwm0efrBuD;aybl;vm;/ a[m ..bmemrnf? bmurÁnf;rS rxdk;xm;cJhawmh
jyKjyifzdkU rGrf;rHzdkU b,fukodkvf&SifrS vufrwGefUEdkifawmhbl; }} [k&Sif;jycJhygonf/
(1995 rwfvxkwf? jrwfr*Fvmpmapmifudk Moo"\ xl;jcm;aom apwem&Sif aqmif;yg;rS)
y&[dwapmiftvSL&Sif
rHk&GmNrdKU? ov’m&yfuGuf ay 80 vrf;&Sd y&[dwausmif;wkduf q&mawmfOD;Zedwonf rdbrJh
uav;rsm;udk apmifah &SmufauR;arG;½Hw k if rubJ rH&k mG NrKd UrS qif;&JErG ;f yg;aom yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;udk pm&if;aumufí
aqmif;&moDa&mufwikd ;f apmifvLS cJoh nfrmS 1994 ckEpS t f xdqv kd Qif ajcmufBurd af jrmufcNhJ y/D wjcm;umv'ge
tvSL&Sifrsm;yg yg0ifvSL'gef;vsuf&Sd&m ,ckqdkvQif tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfig;&mtxd wdk;jr§ifhívSL'gef;EdkifcJhygonf/
(1995 ZGefv? jrefr*Fvmpmapmif a'gufwmcifjrifh&D\ aqmif;yg;rS)
EGm;taumifaygif; 4000ausmf ZD0dw'ge

OD;oduk \ f e,fajra'ojzpfaom anmifwb kd wl m&GmwGif ig;&ufwpfaps;&So d nf/ vlrsK;d jcm;rsm;u
EGm;rsm;owfí a&mif;aeMuonf/ aps;ESirhf vdu k af tmifyif owfaomaumifa&rSm rsm;vSonf/ wpfaeUwGif
,if;aps;&Gm ig;rdik yf wfvnftwGi;f &Sd ausmif;wdu k af ygif; 52 wdu k rf S oHCmawmf 52 yg; OD;aqmifí aus;&Gm
aygif; 31 &GmrS &GmvlBuD; 31 OD;udk a&G;cs,fí ZD0dw'getzGJU zGJUpnf;um aiGrsm;pkaqmif;Muonf/ 1963-
64 ckESpftwGuf vlrsKd;jcm;rsm;ESifh,SOfNydKifí om;owfvdkifpifqGJonf/ &½Sdaomtcg EGm;rowf&ef BuD;Muyf
aqmif&u G of nf/
,cifu wpfaeUvQiEf mG ; 12 aumifowfonf/ wpfEpS v f QiEf mG ; 4000 ausmaf ocJo h nf/ ,ck
ZD0wd 'getzGUJ u aqmif&u G &f m EGm;aumifa& 400 ausmf toufcsr;f om&m&cJo h nf/ xdt k pDtpOfukd OD;odu k f
ESpof ufrqH;k &Sod nf/ odUk jzifh tzGUJ odUk yefMum;í 1964-65 ckEpS t f wGuf om;owfvikd pf ifusoifah iGEiS hf ukeu f s
p&dwrf sm;udk OD;odu k w f pfO;D wnf; wm0ef,v l LS 'gef;onf/ xdEk pS w f iG af oqH;k Murnfh EGm;aumifa& 4000 ausm\ f
toufudk ZD0dw'ge jyKEkdifcJhonf/
]] 1965-66 ESpt f wGuv f nf; ZD0w d 'gejyKzUkd OD;av;wm0ef,al o;w,f/ 'gayr,fh vdik pf ifay;wJh
tzGJUu ukodkvf&Sifrsm; vdkifpifqGJwmudk vufrcHEdkifbl;qdkNyD; jiif;y,fvdkufMuwJhtwGuf? OD;av;vdkifpifqGJzdkU
r&EdkifjzpfcJh&ygw,f }} [k OD;odkufu ajymjyonf/
(1994 {NyDv jrwfr*Fvmpmapmif rif;,ka0\ 'geolaX; OD;odkuf aqmif;yg;rS)
vlwUdk \toufukd owfcsiw f ikd ;f owfr&atmif wm;jrpfaom w&m;Oya'&So d uJo
h Ukd wd&pämef
rsm;udkvnf; owfcsifwdkif;owfír&atmif wm;jrpfay;aomw&m;Oya' ray:aygufao;orQ? at;csrf;
om,maom urÇmavmu[lí b,faomtcgrS jzpfay:vdrfhrnf r[kwfay/
OD;odu
k \ f ZD0w d 'geonf rGejf rwfveG ;f aomaMumifh 'getqifu h ykd ifausmv f eG uf m oDvtqifx h d
a&mufomG ;ayonf/ oDvukov kd of nf 'geukov kd x
f uf tqaygif;rsm;pGm omvGeyf gonf/ cE¨mud, k \ f tESpf
om& oDvcef;wGif tus,w f 0ifh azmfjyygOD;rnf/ OD;odu k u f ohJ Ukd olwpfyg;toufukd rowfbaJ e½Ho k mrubJ
olwpfyg;\toufudk &SnfEdkiforQ&Snfatmif tm;xkwfrSomvQif ygPmwdygwmuHudk wif;jynfhusyfjynfh
vHkNcHKatmif apmifhxdef;&m a&mufaMumif; q&mBuD; OD;a&Tatmifuol\ b0tjrifopfusrf;pm pmrsufESm
39 wGif -
]] oDvwGif ygPmwdygwm odu©myk'fudk vHkNcHKatmif apmifhxdef;&mü olwpfyg;\ toufudk
rowfrdatmif apmifhxdef;&\/ þonfrSm tMurf;pm;apmifhxdef;jcif;jzpf\/ xdkUxufydkí apmifhxdef;aom
tcg olwpfyg; repfem&avatmif apmifhxdef;&\/ þonfrSm [maemyg'ge[laom b0aeenf;wGif
[met& rdrb d ufu tepfemcHjcif;jzpf\/ Oyg'get& olUbufuykd yhH ;kd aomtcg olwpfyg;touf&n S af tmif
aqmif&u G &f \/ trSet f m;jzifh rdrb d ufu tepfemcHjcif;onf okp½du k of abmudak qmif\/ olUbufukd yHyh ;kd jcif;
onf yknMud,m oabmudkaqmif\ }} [lí tao;pdwfzGifhjycJhonfrSm rSwfzG,faumif;vSygonf/
þae&mü toufwpfacsmif;ZD0w d 'geESihf xrif;wpfqyk u f o k v kd af Mumifh acwfysuBf u;D xJwiG f
toufab; trsK;d rsK;d uvGwu f if;Ny;D edAmÁ efcsr;f omudck pH m;oGm;aom oD[Vkd u f Re;f rS tb,rax&ftaMumif;udk
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r&GmoGe;f ojzifh &[ef;&Siv f jl ynfot l rsm; qif;&Jiwfrw

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acwfysufumvBuD; jzpfawmhonf/
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ajymif;a&TUroGm;MurD ykyæ*d&dausmif;odkUvmí ]] t&Sifbk&m;iwfrGwfaevdkU touf&Sif&zdkU rvG,fyg/ t&Sif
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]] 'umwdUk oifwUkd omvQif pdwcf sr;f csr;f omomESihf vd&k majymif;a&TUMuyg/ bke;f Bu;D awmh jrwfpmG
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onf ZeD;tm; a&S;b0u tb,rax&fjyKzl;aom 'gewpfckudk ajymjyav\/
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ewfqGrf;rsm; xnfhvSLqufuyfav\/ oif;0ifyifAdrmefodkU qGrf;cHtNrJ<u&efvnf; avQmufxm;onf/
vlom;pm;ESifh tb,rax&f
tb,rax&fonf aeUpOfewfok'¨g qGrf;rsm;udkcsnf; bkOf;ay;ae&ojzifh oyÜg,f,rQum
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vmEdik \f / wpfaeUaomtcg rax&fonf bk&m;y&d0P k tf wGi;f wHjrufvn S ;f Ny;D í y&d0P k t f jyifoUkd xGuvf mpOf
ausmif;0if;\ av;bufav;wefrS ]] 0dik ;f a[h ..zrf;a[h .. }} paom qlno H rH sm;udMk um;í Munfv h ukd &f m
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aeMuavonf/ rax&fonf ,ciftrwfb0u acG;ydefacG;iwftm; ½dkufykwfrnfholudk [efUwm;cJhzl;aom
ukodkvfaMumifh ausmif;0if;tv,fü ½kwfw&uf awmifBuD;wpfawmif ay:aygufvmav\/
rax&fonf xdkawmifBuD;\ vdIPfacgif;xJodkU tvdkvdka&mufoGm;í vlqdk;rsm;&SmrawGUEdkif
Muawmhay/ ½kww f &uf awmifBu;D ay:vmonfukd jrif&vQif &[EÅmjzpfayvdrrfh nf[k ,lqum aMumufvefU
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qDa0aom'ge&Sif
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ac: &GmBuD;wpf&Gm&Sdonf/ a&S;jrefrmrif;rsm; vufxufu NrdKUpm;&Gmpm;rsm;aeaom NrdKUwpfNrdKUjzpfí tkwf½dk;
wHwikd ;f usK;H rsm;yif&o dS nf/ ,if;&GmBu;D wGif ta&mif;t0,fvyk í f pdu
k yf sK;d jcif;udyk g vkyu f ikd af eaom OD;ausmZf ?H
a':OD;qdak om ZeD;armifE&HS o dS nf/ (a':OD;rSm zqyvacwfu 0efBu;D jzpfcahJ om Adv k rf LS ;atmif\ tpfrt&if;
jzpfonf) xdkOD;ausmfZH? a':OD;wdkUonf tvGefyif bk&m;w&m;MunfndKí o'¨gw&m;aumif;onf/
olwpfyg;uJhodkU bk&m;awGausmif;awG aqmufvkyfrvSLEdkifaomfvnf; olwdkUtwwfEdkifqHk;
'gejyKonf/ &GmwGif;&Sd rnfolrqdk rD;zdkaqmifwGif oHk;&efjzpfaom qef? qD? qm;? yJ ponf tvdk&Sdwdkif;
tcuftcJ&w dS ikd ;f olwUkd tdro f mG ;í ,lEikd o
f nf/ wpf&mG vH;k udk aMumfjimí ay;urf;onf/ xdUk aMumifh qefjywf
olwdkif; 'ku©a&mufwdkif; rdbrusef;rrmaomtcg pm;a&;cufaom om;orD;rsm;rSpí olwdkUapwemudk
,HkMunfonfhtwdkif; qefvdkvQif qef? qDvdkvQif qD ponfjzifh olwdkUxHrSvmí ,lonf/
olwUkd onf tvGe0f rf;ompGmjzifh 'gejyKonf/ þodUk ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm 15 ESpf ausmv f maomtcg
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vQif qDawGzdwfvQHusvmonf/ a&S;uvnf; þuJhodkU xHk;wrf;wpfck &SdcJhonf/ r[m0if0w¬Kudk Munfhyg/
aygifom;vSD;í vSLrnfhol
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jzpfí aemufvdkuftiftm; rsm;vmaomtcg &Sifbk&ifudkwdkufcdkufí udk,fwdkif &Sifbk&ifvkyfavonf/
ol&Sifbk&ifjzpfí vltrsm; w&m;rapmifhaomtcg rdk;av0oacgif;yg;NyD;vQif vlawGiwfrGwfjcif;rsm;
jzpfvmcJoh nf/ qefa&pyg; &Sm;yg;onf/ rd;k av0oacgif;yg;í qefa&pyg;&Sm;yg;aomaMumifh uHtm;avsmpf mG
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oGm;cJhonf/ awmxJawmifxJwGif [if;&Gufudkpm;í wcsKdUwavaom oHCmawmfrsm;om usef&pfcJhonf/
xdrk if;onf ud;k ESpwf w d d wdik ;f jynfut
kd yk cf sKy&f m wdik ;f jynfwiG f tvGeif wfrw
G af cgif;yg;í vlawG
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odkU&mwGif rdk;av0o raumif;ao;? qefa&pyg;vnf; csufcsif;aygrvmao;acs/ xdktcg NrdKUpGeftzsm;wGif
aeaom qif;&Jom; vifr,m;ESpfa,muf &Sdonf/ wpfaeUaomtcg &[ef;awmfwpfyg; olwdkU\tdrfa&SUudk
qGrf;cH<uawmfrlonf/ xdkvifr,m;rSmvnf; pm;p&mr&SdaomaMumifh tm[m&jywfí xrif;iwfaeonfrSm
udk;&ufavmuf&SdNyD; vSLp&m[lí pm;aumif;aomypönf; tdrfxJwGif vHk;0r&Sdacs/
xdktcg rdef;rjzpfolu þodkUawG;awmonf igwdkUonf pm;p&mr&SdonfrSm udk;&uf&SdNyD?
aemifav;ig;&ufaevQif ao&awmhrnf/ ao&rnft h wlwl þ&[ef;awmf omoemjyKEikd af p&ef touf&n S f
ap&ef ig\aygifom;udk "m;ESiv hf ;DS í aMumfNy;D vQif trJaMumfvyk í f vSLvdu k rf nf[k qifjcifNy;D vQif rD;zdak csmifrS
"m;udk,lí aemufaz;buf&Sd NcHxJodkUxGufoGm;onf/ aygifom;vSD;&ef jzpfonf/
a,usmf ;jzpfou l vnf; olUrde;f ruJo h Ukd yif igvnf;aoawmhrnf? xl;rnfr[kw/f &[ef;awmftm;
omoemqufí jyKEdkifap&ef? touf&Snfap&ef ig\aygifom;udk "m;ESifhjzwfí trJaMumfvkyfívSLrnf[k
rdrd\ tjcm;buf&SdNcHxJodkU "m;wpfacsmif;ESifh xGufoGm;onf/ olwdkU\ o'¨gw&m; xl;jcm;jyif;xefvSaom
aMumifh odMum;rif;\ y@KurÁvm wif;onf/ tvGeEf ;l nHah om y@KurÁvmrSm ausmufuo hJ Ukd rmíaeonf/
xdkUaMumifh odMum;rif;onf vlUjynfodkU Munfhvdkuf&m þvifr,m;udk oGm;íawGUonf/
csufcsif;yif odMum;rif;onf olwdkU\tdrfa&SUü ay:vmonf/ tbdk;BuD; a,mifaqmifí
vmonf/ xdUk aemuf tdraf &SUrSaeí ]] om;wdUk ? orD;wdUk }} [kvrS ;f íac:onf/ xdt k cg odMum;rif; toHMum;í
vifr,m; ESpfa,mufonf "m;udkcsNyD; tdrfa&SUodkUajy;xGufvmMuonf/ xdktcg vlolawmf a,mifaqmif
xm;aom odMum;rif;onf ol\vufxJwGif wpfjynfcsufEdkifaom xrif;tdk;udk,lí ]] oHCmawmfudkvnf;
avmif;yg? oifwdkUvnf; pm;Muyg? tdrfeD;csif;rsm;udkvnf; a0iSyg }} [kajymí xGufoGm;onf/
xdUk aMumifh tdr&f iS vf ifr,m;onf qGr;f udck ;l í qGr;f cHoC
H mawmf\ oydwx f o
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onf jyefíjynfo h mG ;onf/ xdUk aMumifh oydwjf ynfah tmif tm;&yg;&vSL'gef;onf/ olwUkd vnf; pm;aomufonf/
tdref ;D csi;f rsm;udvk nf; a0iSonf/ xrif;td;k rSm odMum;rif;\ t"d|mefaMumifh oH;k vcefU jyefíjynfv h monf/
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xdUk aMumifh oD;ESrH sm; a&S;uxufjzpfxeG ;f Ny;D rd;k av0oaumif;vmaomaMumihf vlawGvnf; use;f rmaysm&f iT f
Muonf/
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onfxuf vSLrnf wef;rnf? ighom;av;pmwwfzUkd ponfjzifh olwpfyg;tay: arwåmapwemxm;í&Smu
ydí
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edAmÁ efa&mufonfw h ikd af tmif csr;f omvdrrhf nf/
xrif;wpfeyftiwfcHívSLol
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udpk í
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ausmif;vnf; aqmufonf/ &[ef;trvnf; jzpfonf/
odUk &mwGif ausmif;aqmufjcif;? &[ef;trjyKjcif;xuf rdru d ,
kd u
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jzpfonf/ tHhMoavmufaom apwem&Sifjzpfonf/ tvGefMunfndKp&m aumif;avonf/
aeUpOfqGrf;BuD;avmif;csifol
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ZeD; a':apmcifwUkd jzpfonf/ rEÅav;NrKd UodUk ajymif;vmonfrmS 10 ESpaf usmNf y/D ppfBu;D Ny;D aomtcg olwUkd onf
rdbrsm;vufxufu aq;usrf;rsm;udk MunfhNyD;vQif qD;? 0rf;? avaq;? rcspfOESifhazmfaom rcspfaq;ac:
raoaq;? yef;emaysmufaq;? awmifqdwfqDrSpí aq;trsKd;rsKd;a&mif;cJhonf/ tvGefpD;yGm;jzpfcJhonf/
aq;rsm;vnf; ajymonfhtwdkif; a&m*grsm;udkaysmufapaomaMumifh a&mif;ravmufatmifjzpfonf/
ykvif;ravmufaomaMumifh aMumfjimudkyif rsm;rsm;rxnfhacs/ olwdkU&aomaiGrsm;udk bk&m;
wnfonf/ ausmif;aqmufonf/ ,ckqdkvQif av;ig;odef;zdk;&Sdonf/ þuJhodkU vSL'gef;Edkifaomfvnf;
um;0,fí rpD;acs/ ½dk;½dk; at;at;yifaeonf/ tvGefo'¨gw&m; jyif;xefonf/ txufyg qef&Sm;aom
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xdtk cg tcsKUd oHCmawmfrsm;onf olwUkd \wdu k x
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'ge\rsufarSmuftusKd; 5 yg;
tvSL'ge0w¬KvSL'gef;aom tvSL&Sifonf -
1/ vltrsm;wdkUrsufESmjrifvQif cspfcifESpfoufjcif;
2/ olawmfaumif;wdkU rSDcdkqnf;uyfvmjcif;
3/ *kPfaus;Zl;owif;ysHUESHUausmfMum;jcif;
4/ y&dwfowfav;yg;odkU &GH&Smjcif;uif;? &Jwif;pGm csOf;uyfEdkifjcif;
5/ aoonf\tjcm;rJhü ewfjynfodkUvm;a&muf&jcif;
[laomtusKd;xl;wdkUudk &&SdcHpm;&onf/ (tH?2/ 33-5)
]] txkyfuav;wjyifjyif? txkyf&SifrSm aovdkUoGm;?
usefwJholawG a0umpm;? txkyf&SifrSm tvum;?
bmurSvnf;ygroGm;? ao&Gmusawmh tyg,fvm;?
edAÁmefa&mufzdkU tcufom;? ukodkvfyknjyKrSawmf?
tazmfygrS pdwfrSmat;? b0zefcg &du©maq;?
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(wdyd#u"&q&mawmf OD;aumov’)
jrifhjrwfaomaojcif;qdkwm
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ray;urf;bJ aoqHk;oGm;cJhvQif xdkuJhodkUaom aoqHk;jcif;onf rjrwfaomaoqHk;jcif;jzpfonf/
(tar&duef oHrPdola|;Bu;D tif'½l;umeuf*s)D
rSwcf su/f aoqH;k csed w
f iG f csr;f omaom a':vmoef;aygif; 500 rS 300 ausmu f kd urÇmt&yf&yf&dS aq;½H?k
ausmif;? okawoeXmersm;odUk vSL'gef;cJo h jl zpfonf/
b0atmifjrifrIqdkwm
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S Mf uygeJU?
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tcsufeJUyJ wdkif;wm&w,f/
(tar&duef vlrnf;wdkU\ u½kPm&Sif a*smh0g&SifwefumAm)
rSwcf su/f toufqHk;onftxd vlrnf;wdkU\ b0wdk;wufa&;udk BudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJhol jzpfonf/
ajrESifha&TaiGwdkU jyuf&,fjyKjcif;
ighv,f? igh,m? ighajrwm[k? OpömcifrifqdkjyefvQifvnf;? t&SifrJhyg? igwdkUrSmum;? urÇmraus
rjcif;ae\/ azmufaoG,Gif;,dk? oifwdkUudk,frS? vdkrydkifbJ zGwfo&J[k usdefqJaomES,f ajru&,f\/
igh0,f igha&T ighaMu;aiG[k pdwaf pMunfom qdjk yefygvnf; Mur®maqmfwu kd f aumif;awmfcu
kd u
f kd
{nfq h ukd rf Qom wnf;cdyk g&Si?hf ig;jzm&efo?l ,lvn
S w
hf Ukd yg? aorif;cGmvnf;? oif&h mtavQmuf? wdUk a&mufonfyif
wdkUt&SifvQif jzpfcsifvGef;vS? vGefrif;pGmh[k a'gocsDcs,f? a&TaiG&,f\/
(pdEÅausmfol-Mo0g'xl;ysKdU)
tcef; (3) NyD;\

______
tcef; (4)
tm;udk;&mtrSef
cE¨m\tESpfom&
cE¨m\ tESpo f m&um; oDvapmifx h ed ;f jcif;omjzpfaMumif; usr;f tpü azmfjycJah yonf/ oDv
taMumif;ESit hf wl xyfwx l yfrQ ta&;wBu;D azmfjyoifah om tjcm;taMumif;t&mwpfck &Sad o;\/ xdt k &m
um; t,l0g'pifMu,frIyif jzpfyg\/ xdkUaMumifh r[m0*¾oH,kwf Amwd,okwfü Ak'ü -
Am[d, ]] oifonf ukodkvfw&m;wdkU\tpudk okwfoifavmh/ ukodkvfw&m;wdkU\ tpum;
tb,fenf; aumif;pGmpifMu,faom oDvESiahf jzmifrh eS af om t,lyifwnf; }} [lí a[mMum;awmfrcl yhJ gonf/
þü ajzmifrh eS af omt,l[o l nf &wem;oH;k yg;ESihf uH? uH\tusK;d w&m;udk rwkerf vIyf ouf0if,MkH unfryI if
jzpf\/ uHESihfuH\tusKd;w&m;udk txdkuftavsmuf ouf0if,HkMunftm;&SdMuygaomfvnf; &wemoHk;yg;
tay: tm;xm;,HkMunfrIum; enf;aeMuao;onf/
o&P*HknpfEGrf;aMumif; oHk;rsKd;
tb,fhaMumifhenf;/ o&P*HknpfEGrf;aejcif;aMumifhyif jzpfyg\/ o&P*Hk npfEGrf;aMumif;
oHk;rsKd;&Sd\/ rlvyPÖmot|uxmü tÓPoHo,rdpmä ÓP 'D[o d u H v
d ó d wd [lízGijhf yonf/ tÓP
- &wem oH;k yg;tay: aocsmusepGmrodjcif;? oHo, - &wemoH;k yg;tay:rSm ,Hrk mS ;vmjcif;? rdpmä ÓP -
&wemoH;k yg;tay:ü rSm;,Gi;f aom t,ltq jzpfjcif;wdUk yif/
4if;oH;k rsK;d wGif tÓP? oHo,ESpyf g;udk &wemoH;k yg;taMumif;odatmif tm;xkw&f if; y,f
azsmuf&onf/ rdpmä ÓPudk &wemoH;k yg;tay: o'¨gw&m;,HMk unfÓPfukd cdik cf ikd rf mrmxm;Ny;D y,fazsmuf
&onf/ xdu k o hJ Ukd ry,fazsmufEikd v f Qif tjypf&adS om o&P*Hyk supf ;D jcif;odUk a&muf&awmhonf/ t&d,mwdUk \
o&P*Hu k kd avmukw&å mo&P*Hk [kac:onf/ ajrxJtawmifrsm;rsm;0ifatmif ½du k of iG ;f xm;aom oHwikd ?f
ausmufwikd o f nf t&yfav;rsuEf mS rS wdu k cf wfvmaom avaMumifh b,fawmhrS rwkev f yI o
f uJo h Ukd t&d,mwdUk \
&wemoH;k yg;tay: ,HMk unfro I '¨gonfvnf; b,fb0a&mufa&muf rysupf ;D awmhay/
ykxZk OfwUkd \ &wemoH;k yg;tay: ,HMk unfro I nfum; zGyJ akH y:uav;wpfa,muf ua&mfurnf
pdu
k x
f m;aom 0g;jcrf;jym;ESihf bmrSrjcm;ay/ avjyif;av;wpfcsuf a0SUvdu k ½f jkH zifyh if vJomG ;Edik af yonf/ wpfcgu
{&m0wDjrpfxJ vltjynfjh zifah vSmcf wfvmaom avSwpfpif;onf yk*aH nmifO;D em;ta&muf vIid ;f ykwNf y;D avSarSmuf
awmhonf/ epfoel pf ud, k vf wG u
f ;l olu;l ESihf 0½ke;f oke;f um;jzpfaepOf vlav;a,mufavmufrmS uHaumif;
axmufrpGm arSmufaeaomavSukd jyefíwG,zf ufrMd uonf/ vIid ;f uvnf;xef urf;uvnf; tawmfa0;ao;
ojzifh aornfç&Sirf nf rajymEdik af o;ay/ xdt k cg xdak v;a,mufxu J toufBu;D Bu;D wpfa,mufonf urf;
ay:rS a&Tpnf;cHb k &k m;Bu;D udk vSr;f tm½Hjk yKí -
]] a&Tpnf;cHb
k &k m;Bu;D ? bk&m;wynfah wmfwUkd \ toufuu kd ,fawmfryl g/ wynfah wmf toufab;
rSvwG cf v hJ Qif &Sod rQOpömtm;vH;k xkcí JG a&TouFe;f uyfvLS ygrnfb&k m; }} [k toHus,u f s,jf zifh t"d|mefjyKvu kd &f m
wdu
k wf u kd q f ikd q
f ikd yf if olt"d|mefjyKNy;D onfEiS hf wpfNyKd ief uf arSmufaeaomavSBu;D rSm urf;bufoUkd wjznf;jznf;
ajrmygoGm;awmhonf/ urf;odUk a&muf&ef wpfac:omomavmuf tvdw k iG u
f m; xdv
k Bl u;D \ t"d|mefonfrmS
wpfrsK;d ajymif;oGm;onf/
]] wynfah wmf r&Sq d if;&Jom;rdUk &So
d rQOpömxJu wpf0ufavmufeUJ yJ a&Tcsyg&apbk&m; }} urf;odUk
a&muf&ef 0g;oH;k jyefavmuftvdw k iG uf m; -
]] pdwfEdkifudk,fEdkif a&Tqdkif;wpfqdkif;avmufyJ vSLyg&apawmhbk&m; }} aemufqHk; urf;ay:odkU
av;a,mufom; 0rf;omtm;&wufNyD;aomtcgü xkdvlBuD;ajymvdkufaom pum;onfum; -
]] tif; ..usKyfvnf; aMumuftm;vefUtm; bmawGajymrdrSef;awmif rodawmhygbl;Asm }}
[l\/ ykxkZOfwdkU\ &wemoHk;yg;tay: tm;xm;,HkMunfrIum; þrQavmufxd atmufusaemufusEdkifvS
ygonf/ xdkUaMumifh t&d,myk*¾dKvfwdkU\ avmukwå&mo&P*Hkonf ysufpD;jcif;r&Sdaomfvnf; ykxkZOfwdkU\
avmuD o&P*Hu k m; ysupf ;D jcif;&Sv d mcJ&h onf/ avmuDo&P*Ho k nf tjypf&adS om ysupf ;D jcif;? tjypfr&Sad om
ysufpD;jcif;[lí ESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/
o&P*HkysufpD;jcif;ESpfrsKd;
]] umvud&d,m aba'gte0ZÆaba'gwd 0kpöwd
tn ow¬m&m'Dok t[Htw¬meH y&dpöZmrDwd
{0H tnow¬m ½ka'ó0aoe
o&P*reóaba'g 0kpöwd }}
[k rlvyPÖo t|uxmü zGijhf yxm;onf/ t"dymÜ ,frmS aoqH;k ío&P*Hyk sujf cif;onf tjypf
r&Sod m ysupf ;D jcif;/ bk&m;? w&m;? oHCmrSwpfyg; tjcm;bd;k awmf? r,fawmf? ewf ponfwUkd ü wynfah wmf\
toufEiS chf E¨mud, k u f kd tyfEiS ;f vSL'gef;yg\/ þodUk wjcm;rSm q&m&SmNy;D ud;k uG,of jzifh o&P*Hyk sujf cif;onf
tjypf &Sad om tukov kd jf zpfaom o&P*Hyk supf ;D jcif; jzpfonf/
o&P*Hyk supf ;D jcif;\ yxrtaMumif;&if;um; o&P*Hk n§Kd ;EGr;f aMumif; oH;k yg;aMumifh jzpf
aMumif;awGU&\/ wzef xdo k &P*Hk n§Kd ;EGr;f jcif;\ taMumif;udq
k ufí &Smvdu k af omtcg o&P*Ho k ;kH yg;\
pGr;f &nf? owård sm;udk ususee aoaocsmcsm rodjcif;[laomtcsuf awGU&onf/ odUk twGuf þae&mwGif
bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm&wemoH;k yg;\ wefc;kd owård sm;udk tm;ud;k tm;xm;jyKp&m w&m;rsm;ygvm;[laom tod
0ifvmonftxd a&;om;&ayvdrrhf nf/
]] o&Pw¬awm wm0o&P*wmeH b,HoEÅmoH 'kuH©
'k*w
¾ d y&duad voH [ðowd 0demaowDwd taw¬m
&wew¬,aóa0wH t"d0peH }}
(rlvyPÖmo t|uxm)
&wemoH;k yg;udk ,HMk unfqnf;uyforl sm; tusK;d ig;rsK;d &Edik of nf/
o&P*Hkwnf&usKd; ig;rsKd;
b, - awGUBuKH &rnfh ab;rSeo f rQukd y,fazsmufay;onf/ oEÅmo- ud, k pf w
d Ef pS yf g;ylavmifrI
rSeforQudkvnf; y,fazsmufay;onf/ 'ku©- udk,fqif;&Jpdwfqif;&JrIudkvnf; y,fazsmufay;onf/ 'k*¾wd -
tyg,fav;bHk rusatmifvnf; apmifha&Smufonf/ y&dudavo - npfnL;rI rSeforQudkvnf; y,fazsmuf
ay;onf/
raumif;aom ab;'kur© sm;udk y,fazsmufay;onfq&kd mü &wemoH;k yg;u wku d ½f ukd yf ,fazsmuf
ay;jcif;r[kwf? &wemoHk;yg;\ *kPfowådudk ,HkMunfaom o'¨g? &wemoHk;yg;omvQif tm;udk;&myJ wjcm;
tm;udk;&mr&Sd[k qHk;jzwfaom or®m'd|?d þw&m;ESpyf g;aMumihyf if jzpfyg\/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh &wemoH;k yg;udk
wpfpw kH pfa,mufurS 'kua© y;í r&Edik o f uJo h Ukd xdUk twl &wemoH;k yg;ude;f 0yfou l vkd nf; rnfou l rQ 'ku©
ray;Edik jf cif; [lívnf; rSwEf ikd yf g\/
o&P*re[laom yg|drq S if;oufvmaom o&P*Ho k ;kH yg;onfum; Ak'b ¨ momodUk 0if&m wHcg;
aygufBu;D wpfco k zG,f tifrwefta&;Bu;D vSygonf/ wHcg;aygufr&Sad om tdrw f iG ;f odUk 0if&ef rjzpfEidk o f uJo
h Ukd
bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm[kqt kd yfaom o&P*Ho k ;kH yg;udk rodem;rvnfbJ Ak'b ¨ mom0if wpfa,mufjzpfzUkd rjzpf
Edik af y/ xdUk aMumifv h nf; Ak'b ¨ momodUk ul;ajymif;ump yk*Kd¾ vw f Ukd taejzifh yxrqH;k cH,al qmufwnf&aom
w&m;rSmvnf; o&P*Hk oHk;yg;yif jzpfayonf/
o&P*HkoHk;yg;onf vlom;wdkU Ak'¨bmomjzpfa&;wGif t"duus½Hkom ruao;bJ bk&m;
om;awmf &Si&f [ef;jzpfa&;wGiv f nf; t"duusaomw&m;tjzpf wnf&v dS suyf if &Syd gao;onf/ xdo k &P*Hk
oHk;yg;udk rm*'ac: ygVdawmfbmomjzifh |mefu½dP k ;f usus EIw>f ruf &Gwq f vkd u
kd v f Qif &Sio f mraPtjzpf
omru Ak'c¨ iG jhf yKczhJ ;l aom &[ef;&Sprf sK;d wGif o&P*re&[ef; tjzpfoUkd yif a&mufEikd yf gonf/
þae&mü t"duxm;í wifjycsio f nfrmS ta0pöyoEé rwkerf vIyf ouf0if,MkH unfaom
pdwjf zifh o&P*Hu k kd wu,fwnfNy;D xdo k &P*Hu k ykd if pGr;f Edik o
f rQ &Gwzf wfo&ZÑm,faeaom yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;twGuf
o&P*Hu k ay;aom tHrh cef;aom tpGr;f tprsm;udk vufawGUtaxmuftxm;? ordik ;f taxmuftxm;? usr;f *ef
taxmuftxm;wdUk jzifh wdwu d sus wifjyvdjk cif;jzpfygonf/
o&P*Hu k ay;aom tHrh cef;aomtpGr;f tprsm;udrk azmfjyrD OD;pGmodoifah om o&P*Hk aqmuf
wnfenf; av;enf;udk azmfjyygrnf/
]] tZÆtm'ðuwGm t[HtwåmeH Ak'ó ¨ ed,smawrd
tZÆtm'ðuwGm t[HtwåmeH "r®óed,smawrd
tZÆtm'ðuwGm t[HtwåmeH oHCóed,smawrd }}
,aeUupí tuREykf o f nf jrwfpmG bk&m;tm; rdru d , kd uf kd tyfEiS ;f vSL'gef;yg\/ ,aeUupí
tuREykf o f nf jrwfw&m;tm; rdru d , kd u f kd tyfEiS ;f vSL'gef;yg\/ ,aeUupí tuREykf o f nf jrwfoC H mtm;
rdru d ,
kd uf kd tyfEiS ;f vSL'gef;yg\ [líjzpfap/
]] ZD0w d y&d,EÅu d H Ak'o H¨ &PH *pämrd
ZD0w d y&d,EÅu d H "r®o H &PH *pämrd
ZD0w d y&d,EÅu d H oHCo H &PH *pämrd }}
toufq;kH onfw h ikd af tmif jrwfpmG bk&m;udk ud;k uG,q f nf;uyfyg\/ toufq;kH onfw h ikd af tmif
w&m;awmfjrwfukd ud;k uG,q f nf;uyfyg\/ toufq;kH onfw h ikd af tmif oHCmawmfjrwfukd ud;k uG,q f nf;uyf
yg\ ponfjzifjh zpfap? rdru d ,kd u
f kd &wemoH;k yg;odUk tyfEiS ;f ud;k uG,q f nf;uyfjcif;udk twåoEé, d smwe o&P*Hk
[kac:onf/
]] tZÆtm'ðuwGm t[H Ak'y¨ &m,aPm wdr"H ma&mx
tZÆtm'ðuwGm t[H "r®yH &m,aPm wdr"H ma&mx
tZÆtm'ðuwGm t[H oHCyH &m,aPm wdr"H ma&mx }}
,aeUupí tuREykf o f nf jrwfpmG bk&m;omvQif vJavsmif;&m&S\ d [lí tuREykf u f kd rSw, f Ml u
ukeaf vmh/ ,aeUupí tuREykf o f nf jrwfw&m;omvQif vJavsmif;&m&S\ d [lí tuREykf u f kd rSw, f Ml uukeaf vmh/
,aeUupí tuREykf o f nf jrwfoC H momvQif vJavsmif;&m&S\ d [lí tuREykf u f kd rSw, f Ml uukeaf vmh [lí
avQmufxm; aqmufwnfjcif;udk wyÜ&m,eo&P*Hk [kac:onf/
]] tZÆtm'ðuwGm t[H Ak'ó ¨ taEÅ 0godaum
tZÆtm'ðuwGm t[H "r®ó taEÅ 0godaum
tZÆtm'ðuwGm t[H oHCó taEÅ 0godaum }}
,aeUurSpí tuREyfk u f kd jrwfpmG bk&m;\ wynf[ h í l rSwaf wmfrMl u ukeaf vmh/ ,aeUupí
tuREyfk u f kd jrwfw&m;\ wynf[ h í l rSwaf wmfrMl uukeaf vmh/ ,aeUupí tuREyfk u f kd jrwfoC H m\wynf[ h í l
rSwaf wmfrMl uukeaf vmh [lí wynft h jzpfc, H al qmufwnfjcif;udk odóbm0ly*reo&P*Hk [kac:onf/
]] tZÆtm'ðuwGmt[H tbd0g'e ypöKy|me tÍövu d r®
omrdpu
d r®H Ak'g¨ 'DeH a,0 wdPHÖ 0w¬LeH ua&mrDwd rH"ma&x }}
,aeUrSpí tuREykf u f kd &wemoH;k yg;tm; &Scd ;kd jcif;? c&D;OD;BuKd jcif;? vGepf mG t½dt k aojyKjcif; &Sw d hJ
ol[k rSw, f Ml uukeaf vmh [kavQmufxm;í ud;k uG,q f nf;uyfjcif;udk yPdygwo&P*Hk [kac:onf/ rdrw d Ukd
ESpof uf&m wpfenf;enf;jzifh cH,laqmufwnfEdkifygonf/ ,ckumv oDv,laepOf &[ef;awmfrsm;a&SUu
qdak y;aom Ak'H¨ o&PH*pämrd paomenf;twdik ;f aqmufwnfuvnf; jzpfEikd af yonf/ 4if; o&P*H, k el nf;udk
twåoEéd,smwe o&P*HkwGif xnfhoGif;Edkifygonf/ t*FkwådK&f t|uxmwGif tyg,frvm;avmufatmif
ukov kd tf m; Bu;D rm;vSojzifh aomwmyefEiS w hf ol nf [líyif zGiq hf x kd m;aom ukov kd af jcmufrsK;d &Syd gonf/
4if;wdUk rSm -
tyg,frvm;aom ukodkvfrsm;
1/ o&P*HkoHk;yg;udk rwkefrvIyfouf0if,HkMunfí o&P*Hkwnfol
2/ ig;yg;oDvNrJol
3/ rnfonfh&uf[kowfrSwfí pma&;wHrJjzifh qGrf;tNrJwrf;vSLol
4/ 0gqdkouFef;vSLol
5/ a&wGif;a&uefwl;í vSLaomol
6/ ausmif;aqmufvSLaomol wdkUyifjzpfygonf/
xdkukodkvfajcmufrsKd;wGif o&P*Hkukodkvfu xdyfqHk;odkU a&mufaejcif;rSm ukodkvfpGrf;tm;

tBuD;qHk; jzpfaomaMumifhyif jzpfygonf/
o&P*Hkjzifh ewfjynfa&mufaomolrsm;
csif;jynfe,f? cEÅdefomrefawmifay:wGif oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrlaom awmifwef;q&mawmf
bk&m;Bu;D xHoUkd wpfaeUwGif pmwdu k rf pS mwpfapmifa&mufvmonf/ pmxJüa&;xm;onfu q&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D
xHwiG f oH;k ESpcf efUaexdik cf iG jhf yKNy;D tyg,fab;rSu,fwifaom tvG,u f q
l ;kH ur®|mef;wpfcu k kd yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf
cGijhf yK&ef cGiahf wmif;cHjcif;wdUk yif jzpfonf/ arwåm&Siq f &mawmfb&k m;Bu;D u cGijhf yKvu kd o
f nfEiS hf cGiahf wmif;olrmS
&ufrMumrD a&mufvmavonf/ toufav;q,fcefU&SNd y;D wyfMuyfBu;D vSa&T [kac:aMumif;od&onf/ odwwf
aomtcsed rf pS í ppfx0J ifc&hJ ojzifh bmoma&;taMumif;udk bmrSem;rvnf&mS yg/
aovQif tyg,frusvQiaf wmfNy[ D k oabmydu k íf q&mawmfBu;D xH ta&mufvmcJjh cif;yif/
rGef trsK;d orD;wpfO;D ESihf tdraf xmifusum uav;wpfa,muf &zl;aomfvnf; xdZk eD;ESio hf m;rSm wdu k yf w
JG pfcw
k iG f
aoqH;k oGm;ojzifh ,cktcsed w f iG rf mS awmh vlvw G w f pfa,muf jzpfaeygonf/ q&mawmfBu;D oifjyay;aom
o&P*H?k ig;yg; oDvESifh tmemygewdUk udk useaocsmpGmtm;xkwNf y;D oH;k ESpcf efUtMumwGif q&mawmfBu;D xH
cGiahf wmif;í olUZmwdNrKd UodUk jyefomG ;cJo h nf/
olaeaomNrKd UodUk a&mufíodyrf Mum a&SUwef;xGucf phJ Ofu&cJah om iSuzf sm;yd;k OD;aESmufx0J ifojzifh
&ufrsm;rMumrD aoqH;k oGm;&Smonf/ OD;vSa&TaoqH;k pOfu teD;uyfjyKpck ahJ om trsK;d om;wpfO;D u ol\ ud, k f
awGUudk q&mawmftm; jyefíavQmufxm;onf/ OD;vSa&Tonf ZufusK;d usí aocgeD;tcsed t f xd o&P*Hu k kd
&Gwq f akd eaMumif; aemufq;kH o&P*Hk &Gwq f &kd if;yif 0dÓOfcsKyo f mG ;aMumif;? aocsmpGmavQmufxm;aomtcg
usrS wyfMuyfBu;D vSa&T\ vm;&m*wdukd rSe;f qoGm;Edik o f jzifh q&mawmfBu;D auseyfr&I oGm;avonf/
aemufwpfaeUwGif wyfMuyfBu;D vSa&T raocifu awmfawmfMumaexdik o f mG ;zl;aomtdrrf S 'um
wpfa,mufu tdyrf ufxw J iG f wyfMuyfBu;D vSa&Tu ewf0wfewfpm; NyKd ;NyKd ;jyufjyufrsm;0wfqifNy;D NyKH ;NyKH ;&Ti&f iT jf zifh
vma&muf EIwq f ufomG ;aMumif; avQmufxm;aomtcgwGirf S aumif;&mok*wdoUkd {uefrck sa&mufomG ;NyD jzpf
aMumif; qH;k jzwfEikd af vawmhonf/
ewfjynfa&muft&uform;
uydv0wfNrdKUawmfwGif t&ufvnf;aomufaom o&P*Hkvnf;wnfaom trsKd;om;
wpfa,muf &Sdavonf/ o&P*HkoHk;yg;udk pGJpGJNrJNrJ,HkMunfjcif;? tNrJ&Gwfzwfo&ZÑm,fjcif;wdkUaMumifh rlv
trnf&if;aysmufí o&P Oygoum[lí trnfwGifavonf/ o&P*HkNrJaomfjim;vnf; wpfcgwpf&H
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pum;xGuo f nf ponfjzifu h &hJ UJ Muonf/ t&ufaomufou l o&P*Hw k nfjcif;udk vufrcHEikd jf zpfaeMuonf/
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ud;k acguf&w G q
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bk&m;tm;vSLí toufxufqHk; o&P*HkESifh ig;yg;oDvNrJolwpfa,muf jzpfoGm;cJhygonf/
wpfcguvnf; trsKd;om;wpfa,muf 4if;OD;BuD;\vSnf;udk tBuHKpD;NyD;vdkufvmcJh&m OD;BuD;\
tdrx f o J Ukd vSn;f t0ifwiG f vlBuKH vu kd yf gvmaomtrsK;d om;rSm tdraf yguf0wGif vSn;f ay:rS uRr;f jyefusomG ;
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taMumufvGefaomol? a&m*gonf;í tm;enf;aeaomolrsm;qdkvQif olwdkUu yl;uyfí
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ndKukd ½du
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cdu
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k rf d
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[lí EIwfxGuf avQmufxm;rdygawmhonf/
udBk u;D u owdrxm;rdaomfvnf; ol&w G q f v
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,cktcsdefwGifum; udkBuD;wpfa,muf rdcifudkusef;rmpGmjzifh vkyfudkifauR;arG;vsuf&Sdygonf/
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wdkUrS uif;vGwfMuygap[k qkawmif;&ygonf/
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tjrpfjyKwf wdkufcdkufjcif;wdkU jzpfayonf/ Ak'¨bmom &[ef;awmfrsm; oDv? orm"d? ynm tm;enf;jcif;
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oHupön;f u 1973 ckEpS x f wk f r[maAm"d*sme,f 81^9 wGif ,ckuo hJ Ukd &Si;f vif;axmufjya0zefcahJ yonf/
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wpfaxmifteuf udk,fyGm;t0wm& wpfckrQom[kqdkí atmufwpfqifhESdrfhvdkufonf/
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ay:vmaomtcg Ak'önf omuD0ifrif;om; a*gwrAk'¨ r[kwfawmh/
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ppfoBl u;D aywnf;/ xdpk pfoBl u;D tmPm&onfEiS hf Ak'b ¨ momudk tjrpfygruseaf tmif zsuq f ;D avawmhonf/
Ak'b¨ mom &[ef;rSeo f rQ r*"wdik ;f ? aumovwdik ;f tp&Sad om rZdÑra'oü rae0Hah wmhojzifh

wdik ;f pGejf ynfzsm;odUk xGuaf jy;yke;f a&SmifMu&onf/ omoemESpf 1200 ausmv f maomtcg au&vmjynfe,frS
ay:vmaom &SHu&trnf&Sd jA[®Pynm&Sdwpfa,mufonf rif;\tmPmtm;udk;,lí Ak'¨bmom &[ef;
awmfrsm;ESifh 0g',SOfNydKifNyD; ½IH;edrfhaom &[ef;awmfrsm;udk [dE´LbmomodkU ul;ajymif;aponf/ rul;ajymif;
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xdtk csed u
f Ak'b ¨ mom0if &[ef;trsm;pkrmS r[m,merS wpfpifcí JG axmifvmaom 0ZD&,me
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ESpf 1300 cefUupí tdE´d,awmifydkif;wGif Ak'¨bmom0if&[ef;awmfrsm; r&Sdawmhacs/
(rma0\ouF&'dom0dZ,usrf; 1-93)
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k íf owfjzwfvu kd af vonf/ xdt k cgrS
pí tdE´d,a'owpfckvHk; Ak'ömoem uG,faysmufcJh&ygawmhonf/
þae&mü olwpfyg;tjypfudk Munfhjcif;xuf rdrdtjypfudkomMunfhí jyKjyifjcif;onf avmuD
avmukwå&m ESpfjzmaom aumif;usKd;csrf;omudk &Edkifonf[laom pum;twdkif; tdE´d,Ak'¨bmom &[ef;
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awmfrsm;taejzifh ax&0g' Ak'¨t,l0g' r[kwfaomt&mrsm;udk z,f&Sm;Mu&ayrnf/
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r[moHCdu*dkPf;BuD;onf 'kwd,o*Fg,emrS pwifay:aygufcJhonf/ xdkuJhodkUaom &[ef;
qd;k rsm; omoemudk zsuq f ;D rnfukd BuKd wifíjrifawmfrMl uaom t&Sirf [muóyESiw hf uG &[EÅmrax&fBu;D
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oHk;&yfudk wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;jzwftwnfjyKawmfrlcJhMuygonf/
1/ oHaCm tyÜnwåH eyÜnaywd -
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2/ ynwåHe orkpdäE´wd -
jrwfpGmbk&m; ynwfcJhonfudk jzKwfy,fzsufqD;jcif; rjyKtHh/
3/ ,xmynawåok odu©mya'ok orm'g,0wåwd -
jrwfpGmbk&m;ynwfawmfrlcJhaom odu©myk'f (pnf;urf;Oya') rsm;udk ½dkaopGm vdkufem
usifhoHk;ygthH/
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ax&0g'*dP k ;f [kac:onf/ jrefrm? xdik ;f ? oD&v d uFm oH;k Edik if w
H Ukd onf ax&0g'trmcHEikd if rH sm; jzpfayonf/
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ax&0g' Ak'b ¨ mom &[ef;awmftjzpf cH,v l suf &efuek of moemhwuúov kd w
f iG f ax&0g'pmayusr;f *efrsm;
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odUk roGm;oifah wmhygay/
t&Sirf [muóy tp&Sad om &[EÅmrax&fBu;D rsm; pd;k &dro f nft h wdik ;f yif omoemESpf 100
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onf[k qdkMuonf/
&[ef;awmfrsm; cJzG,fabmZOfwdkUudk tuyfcHNyD;ygu aemufaeUtwGuf odkrSD;odrf;qnf;í
rpm;&acs/ wpfxyfpmtwGufom tuyfcHpm;aomuf&\/ qm;udkaq;tjzpf oHk;aqmif&ef tuyfcHygrl
wpfBudrf tuyfcHNyD;ygu wpfoufvHk; oHk;aqmifcGifh&Sd\/ odkU&mwGif eHeufydkif; cJzG,fabmZOfESifh a&maESm
pm;oHk;&ef tuyfcHygrl aemufwpf&uf qufvufpm;oHk;cGifhr&Sd/
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wrif tqef;xGifjcif;rQomjzpfí tmywfoifhjcif;rS rvGwfEdkif/
2/ 'G*FkvuyÜ - rGef;vGJNyD;aemuf aet&dyf vufESpfopfvGefonftxd &[ef;rsm;qGrf;pm;EkdifcGifh
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(trSepf ifppf odrw f pfct

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aomaMumifh tmywfoifh\/ jyKorQaom oHCmhuHonf txrajrmufacs/ uHysuf\/)
4/ tEkrwduyÜ - oHCmhtpnf;ta0;ü oHCmpHv k ifatmif tcsed rf apmifb h J aemufraS &mufvm
aom oHCmrsm;xHrS oabmwlnDcsufudk aemufrS&,lrnf[kBuH&G,fí tvsifa&mufESifhaom oHCmrsm;u
qHk;jzwfcsufwpfckck jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ oHCmhuHjyKEdkifonf [kqdk\/
(trSefpifppf oHCmhtpnf;ta0;odkU rwufa&mufEdkifaom &[ef;rsm;onf tpnf;ta0;u
qHk;jzwforQudk oabmwlygaMumif; BudKwifqEáy;Mu&\/ tpnf;ta0;NyD;rS aemufusrSay;aom qE´
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(trSepf ifppf q&morm;wdUk jyKvyk cf ahJ om tpOftvmxH;k pHrsm;onf 0denf;ESin hf v
D Qif tmywf
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'defcsOftjzpfodkU ra&mufao;aom EdkUcsOfudkaomufcGifh&Sdonf[k qdk\/
(0denf;odu©myk'fwGif EdkU&nfudk vnf;aumif;? 'defcsOfudk vnf;aumif; abmZOf (pm;p&m) ü
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[kBuHqí txufygodu©myk'fudk >cif;csufjzifh avQmhayghatmif jyifqifcsufjyKvkyfjcif;jzpf\/)
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a&T? aiG tojymudk tvSLcHEdkif [kqdkMu\/
(Ak'ömoem 2500 c&D; - pmrsufESm 36 rS 39)
xdktcsdeftcgu tZmwowfrif;BuD;\ om;pOfajr;qufjywfí aemufwufaom okokem*
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ax&0g'onf [De,me r[kwf

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avmukwå&m ÓPfynmtxd &&SdapEdkifaomaMumifh wEÅ&[kac:jcif; jzpfonf/ rEÅ&,me [lonfvnf;
wEÅ&,meenf;wl rEÅmefudktoHk;jyKaom *dkPf;wpfckyifjzpfonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif acwfpm;aeaom OHKrPd
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vlacgif;cGH? *gxm? rEÅefponfwdkUjzifh todÓPfenf;olwdkUudk ajcmufvSefUpm;aomuf tjrwfxkwfMuav
awmhonf/ yk*HacwfwGif vlnGefUcl;pm;aom t&nf;BuD;rsm;rSm 0ZD,metquftEG,frsm;yif jzpfonf/
r[mya'omac: yd#uwfawmf pnf;rsOf;

*gxmpkPÖd,rsm;udk &GwfqdkyGm;rsm;Muaom Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkif;odoifhonfh r[mya'oac:
yd#uwfpnf;rsOf;av;yg;udk azmfjyygOD;rnf/
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ya'o [lonf bk&m;a[mw&m;awmfudk wnfapEdkifaom BuD;jrwfaomtaMumif;[k t"dyÜm,f&onf/
r[mya'oav;yg;ESihf nDñw G v
f Qif ax&0g'[k qH;k jzwfí? rnDnw
G v
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r[mya'o av;yg;rSm -
1/ okwå - yd#duwfoHk;yHk bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;/

2/ okwåmEkavmr - bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;ESifh avsmfnDaom t"dyÜm,ftaMumif;
t&mrsm;/
3/ tmp&d,0g' - t|uxmusr;f rsm;/
4/ twåaemrwd - okw?å okwEå ak vmr? tmp&d,yg'wdUk rS enf;ud, k í l ud, k yf ikd Ó f Pfjzifh
a0zefqifjcifo&d adS om t"dymÜ ,ftaMumif;t&mrsm;/
þtwåaemrwdukd a&S;q&mawmfBu;D rsm;u #Dumusr;f rsm;[k rdeUf qdMk uygonf/
4if;av;csufwGif ta&;tBuD;qHk;rSm okwåac: bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;yif jzpfonf/ okwåm
Ekavmr? tmp&d,0g'? twåaemrwdwdkUonf okwåac: ygVdawmfvmt"dyÜm,fESifh rqefUusifrSom rSefuef
onf/ ax&0g'ESifh nDñGwfonf[k qHk;jzwf&rnfjzpfaMumif;? r[m0*¾t|uxm r[my&deAd mÁ eokww f iG f
wdwu d sus zGijhf yxm;ygonf/ tay:,Henf;jzifh ax&0g'*gxm [kw-f r[kwf oH;k oyfq;kH jzwfyw kH pfck &Sad o;
onf/ 4if;rSm awGUvmaom *gxmwGif OHK? aMomif; wpfcck yk gvQif ax&0g'r[kwaf Mumif; qH;k jzwf&efyifjzpfonf/
tb,haf Mumifq h akd omf OHK[o l nf OKrrf jS zpfvmjcif; jzpfonf/ OHKukd yk'cf v JG u kd vf Qif t? tk? trf
[líjzpfvmonf/ tçonf avmuudzk efqif;aom jA[®mudk ud, k pf m;jyKonf/ tkç onf AdóEd;k ewfukd ud, k pf m;
jyKonf/ trfçonf oQDApfac: oD0ewfudk udk,fpm;jyKonf/ xdkewfoHk;rsKd;vHk; [dE´LjA[®P bmomrSmom
&SdaomaMumifh OHK? aMomif; ygaom *gxm? rEÅmefrSeforQudk [dE´LjA[®P*gxm? rEÅmefrsm;[k cGJjcm;Edkifygonf/
4if;tcsufudk owdrxm;Muaom q&mtcsKdUu bk&m;a[m*gxmtcsKdUudkyif OHK? aMomif;cHí
&GwfaeMu&m qGrf;qefxJ <uufacs;ta&mcH&ovdk bk&m;a[mygVdtcsKdUrSm *kPfi,fMu&ygonf/ xdkUaMumifh
vnf; refvnfq&mawmfBuD;u rCa'0vuFmopfwGif -
]] w&m;rBuKd u?f vQm'kp½du k Ef iS ?hf vlru
kd w f pfaomif;? cs;D rGr;f a&Smif;vnf;? vlaumif;wpfa,muf?
jypfwifaMumufavmh? a&SUaemufrq? vlUAmvwdkU? *kPa'go? ESpf0usKd;jypf? pdppfajrmfjrif?
rqifjcifb;l ? qdck sirf ufarm? qdv k Qiaf Zmjzif?h oabmtxdu k ?f wkwEf iS ½hf ukd o f Ukd ? olru kd cf s;D rGr;f ?
*kPfomEGrf;\ }} [lí pyfqdkawmf rlcJhayonf/
wpfcsKdUwpfydkif;aMumifh usufpm&aom yk*¾dKvftcsKdUyg azmfjyyg r[mya'oav;yg;udk owd
rrlMubJ y&dwfBuD; (11)okwfudkyif bk&m;a[mr[kwf? wEÅ&0g'vm rEÅmefrsm;jzpfonf[k 0g'jzefUoHudk
ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;rS Mum;ae&onf/ tenf;i,f qef;ppfjyygrnf/ r*Fvokwf? &weokwf? arwåokwf?
cEökwf? arm&okwf? 0¥okwf? "Z*¾okwf? tm#mem#d,okwf? t*Fkvdrmvokwfrsm;\ tpqHk;ESpf*gxm?
aAmZÑio f w
k wf pfow k v
f ;kH tm#mem#d,okwf 6 *gxmrSwpfyg; useaf om*gxmrsm;? ykAP Á mS okwf av;*gxmrS
wpfyg; usefaom*gxmwkdUrSm bk&m;a[mygVdawmfü wdkuf½dkufrygay/
odkUaomf a&S;usrf;*efwwf a&S;q&mawmfBuD;rsm;u okwåac: bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfBuD;rsm;
ESifhtnD pDuHk;xm;jcif; jzpfaomaMumifh okwåmEkavmr [laomtcsufESifh nDñGwfvsuf&Sdonfjzpfí ax&
0g'ESifh rqefUusifbJ &Gwfzwfolrsm;twGuf tvGeftusKd;rsm;aom *gxmrsm;yif jzpfygonf/ xdkenf;wl
orÁKa'¨? od&od ?ð® pu©Krmp& rmpdaPÖmpaom *gxmrsm;onfvnf; okwmå Ekavmr *gxmrsm;jzpfí ax&0g'ESihf
rqefUusifaMumif; odtyfayonf/
tcef; (6)
omoemESifh *E¨m&Dynm
Ak'ömoem tnpftaMu;rsm;
Ak'ömoemudk n§dK;rSdefuG,faysmufapEdkifaom tnpftaMursm;udk yk*Hacwf wEÅ&tEG,f0if
t&nf;Bu;D wdUk u jrefrmEdik if H Ak'b ¨ mom0ifrsm;twGuf xkEiS x hf nfEiS hf xm;cJMh uayonf/ xdt k &nf;Bu;D wdUk \
tavhtusifhrsm;rSm-
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jcif;? jrif;pD;jcif;? vufa0SU owfjcif;? pkef;ua0 twwfwdkUudk avhvmjcif;? aA'ifa[mjcif;? aq;ukojcif;?
ewfylaZmfyojcif;? 0dZÆmr[d'¨dtwwfudk vdkufpm;jcif;? odkuf? wabmif? penf;? ba0g? twdwfedrdwfwdkUudk
,HkMunfvdkufemjcif;wdkU jzpfayonf/
azmfjyyg tavhtusifhrsm;teuf 0dZÆmr[d'¨dac: xGuf&yfvrf;udkvdkufjcif;? aA'ifeu©wfudk
tav;xm;,HMk unfjcif;? ewfyal Zmfyojcif;rsm;um; ,cktcsed x f d jrefrmAk'b ¨ mom &[ef;&Siv f wl Ukd \ tm;ud;k
av;pm;rIudk &&Sdwkef;yif&Sdao;onf/ xdkwGif xGuf&yf0dZÆmynmtaMumif;udk OD;pGmwifjy&ayrnf/
tb,fah Mumifq h akd omf 4if;ynmudk vly*k Kd¾ vrf sm;xuf bk&m;om;awmf &[ef;rsm;u trsm;qH;k
vdkufpm;aeaomaMumifh ygwnf;/
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0dZmÆ xGu&f yfvrf;udk tb,faMumifh þrQavmuf vdu k pf m;aeMuygoenf;/ 0dZmÆ xGu&f yfvrf;\ tjrifq h ;kH tusK;d
aus;Zl;um; tb,fwUkd yg enf;/ ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ momESihf rnfuo hJ Ukd aom uGmjcm;csurf sm; &Syd goenf;/ azmfjyyg
ar;cGef;wdkU\ tajzrsm;onf azmfjyvwåHUaom xGuf&yfvrf; 0dZÆmusifhpOfrsm;udk oHk;oyfjy&if;jzifh ygoGm;yg
vdrrhf nf/
yd;k avmufvef;rsm;onf jcifaumifjzpfcgeD;aomtcg wpfae&mwGif Nird o f ufpmG aeMu&onf/
xdktcg udk,fay:wGif tajr§;yg;uav;rsm; zHk;tkyfvmonf/ tajr§;yg;uav;rsm; vHkvHkNcHKNcHKjzpfonfESifh ydk;
avmufvef;onf t&nfb0odkU ajymif;vJoGm;&onf/ t&nfb0rS wpfpwpfprmausmNyD; tawmif? ajc?
vufrsm;xGuv f mum jcifaumifb0odUk a&muf&ydS gawmhonf/ ,ifwUkd vdyjf ymwdUk vnf; xdek nf;4if;yifjzpfonf/
þum; tif;qufydk;wdkU\ ADZvu©Pmyif jzpfonf/
xdt k if;pufy;kd wdUk \ ADZvu©PmudMk unfí h ÓPfomG ;aom vlwpfcsKUd u vlom;rsm;onfvnf;
ydkavmufvef;vdk zdk0ifEdkifvQif ydk;avmufvef;rsm;u aumif;uifysHEdkifaom jcif? ,if? vdyfjym jzpfouJhodkU
vlom;rsm;onfvnf; od'ad¨ yguf yk*Kd¾ vjf zpfEikd o f nf [laomtawG;udt k pjyKí zd0k ifaom xGu&f yfvrf;tusihf
onf pwifay:aygufcJh&ayonf/ &mZ0ifwGifvnf; Aswf0d? AswåwdkU rD;uifpm;aom vlom;onf aZmf*sD
zdk0ifom;[k qdkMuonf/
qifjzL&Sif rif;w&m;vufxuf ouú&mZf 928 ckESpf? waygif;vqef; 5 &uf? aomMumaeU?

[Hom0wDNrKd U0ef;usiu f kd usK;H pwifw;l &mu ajratmif;aZmf*su D kd &cJzh ;l onf/ zd0k ifjcif;uvnf; trsK;d pH&k o dS nf/
ajratmif;wm&Sdovdk tajr§;zHk;jcif;? a&aEG;yGufyGufqludk csKd;jcif;? rD;yHkwGif;qif;jcif;[lí trsKd;rsKd;&Sdonf/
zdak tmif;jcif;r&Sb d J jy'g;udo k 'd o d̈ iG ;f Ny;D atmifjrifomG ;aom jy'g;0dZmÆ ? oHuo kd 'd o
d̈ iG ;f Ny;D atmifjrifomG ;aom
oH0dZÆm? aq;pD&ifNyD; atmifjrifoGm;aom aq;0dZÆm? tif;cs atmifjrifoGm;aom tif;0dZÆm? rEÅmef&Gwfqdk
atmifjrifoGm;aom rEÅmef0dZÆm[k ig;rsKd;&Sdao;onf/
v,fwq D &mawmf\ 0dZmÆ r*¾'yD eDusr;f wGif avmuD? avmukw&å ma&mí ig;rsK;d oD;oefU jyxm;
ygao;onf/ ,if;wdkUrSm -
À aA'ifav;rsKd;wwfaom aA'0dZÆm
À vu©Pmusrf;? edrdwfusrf;? *gxm? rEÅ&m;? aq;0g; trsKd;rsKd;wwfaom rEÅ0dZÆm
À jy'g;? oH? aq;? tif;? rEÅmeftrsKd;rsKd; od'¨daygufaom *E¨m&D0dZÆm
À avmuDpsmefrsm;&&Sdaom avmuD,0dZÆm
À t&d,mtjzpfodkUa&mufoGm;aom t&d,m0dZÆm wdkUjzpfonf/
xGu&f yfvrf;vdu k af om yk*Kd¾ vw f Ukd xifovdk xGu&f yfvrf;atmifjrifomG ;wdik ;f vnf; pdwcf sr;f om
Mu&onf r[kwaf y/ olUxufol vlprG ;f aumif;[laom pum;twdik ;f rdrx d ufomaomolrsm;\tcdik ;f tap
udk cHMu&ayonf/
]] igwkUd udk tm;rusMueJU? olrsm;udu k ,fwifwm t&d,mtjzpfeUJ edAmÁ ef0if&r,fxifNy;D *E¨m&D
vrf;vdu k cf rhJ wd m rSm;ukeNf y/D xm;&mae? ap&moGm;? cdik ;f wmvky?f ckawmh olwUkd cdik ;f wmvkyaf e&w,f/ rdrx d uf
BuD;aom wefcdk;&SifBuD;rsm; ckdif;wmvkyfae&w,f? rif;wdkUrrSm;MuaveJU }}
þum; pdwEf v S ;kH jzLpifaom xGu&f yfayguf 0dZmÆ "d&k Bf u;D rsm;u xGu&f yfayguf vrf;rSm;udk vdu k f
rdaeMu&Smaom yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;tm; owday;pum; ajymMum;csut f csKUd yif jzpfygonf/ pdwEf v S ;kH jzLpifaom xGuf
&yfayguf 0dZmÆ "d&k Bf u;D rsm; [kqx kd m;&m pdwEf v S ;kH rjzLpifaom xGu&f yfayguf 0dZmÆ "d&k Bf u;D rsm; &Sad eao;ovm;
[k ar;vmygu &Sdaeonf[kajz&ygrnf/
&SdyHkudk udk,fwdkifusifhBuH tm;xkwfNyD;rS t&d,m0dZÆm r*¾'DyeDusrf;udk a&;om;awmfrlaom
odrfawmfBuD;awm&q&mawmfBuD;u atmufygtwdkif; a&;om;owday;awmfrlcJhygonf/
avmuD 0dZÆ"dk&fBuD;rsm;onf olwdkU\ ½kyfajymif;½kyfvGJ wefcdk;trsKd;rsKd;jyí e*g;udk *VKefokwf
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aeMuaomaMumifh cHaeMu&ayonf/ odkUtwGuf t&d,m0dZÆmtppf aomwyefponfjzpfatmif tm;xkwf
Muukef olawmfaumif;taygif;wdkU/
0dyóemw&m; tm;xkwfaeMuaomyk*¾dKvfrsm; r*¾ifvrf;rS vGJoGm;atmif edrdwfyHktrsKd;rsKd;
jyí zsuq f ;D aeMujcif;udk qdv k jkd cif;jzpfonf/ þowday;pum;udk vufawGUw&m;tm;xkwaf eMuaom yk*Kd¾ vf
rsm;u ydí k oabmaygufEikd yf gonf/ wpfcgu urm&Gwrf aS ,m*DtrsK;d orD;Bu;D wpfO;D 0dyóemw&m;udk xdxd
a&mufa&muf tm;xkwv f su&f pdS Of wpf&ufwiG f w&m;xdik &f if; ausmif;uefb&k m;rsK;d pHk tm½Hx k xJ ifvmonf/
ausmif;uefbk&m;yHkrsm; xifNyD;aemuf 0wfjzLpifMu,fwpfOD;ay:vmum ausmif;uefbk&m;

jyKjyifaom omoemjyKtvkyu f kd OD;aqmifvyk &f ef rdru d vnf; ulnrD nfjzpfaMumif; ajymqdu k m aysmufu, G f
oGm;cJhavonf/ xdktcg a,m*DtrsKd;orD;BuD;rSm rdrdukd,fudk wu,fhomoemjyKyk*¾dKvfBuD;tjzpf txifBuD;
oGm;NyD; 0dyóemudk qufrvkyfawmhbJ r,fawmfBuD;trnfcHum bk&m;wnfausmif;aqmuf&if; b0udk
aysmfarGU aeavawmhonf/
bk&m;wnf? ausmif;aqmuftvkyu f a&m ukov kd t
f vkyf r[kwb f ;l vm;[kqykd gu [kwyf gonf/
odUk aomf bk&m;wnfausmif;aqmufaom 'geukov kd o
f nf omoemyrSmvnf;&Edik af om omrmefuo k v
kd rf sK;d om
jzpfonf/ 0dyóemw&m; tm;xkwí f &&Sad om r*fuo k vkd o f nfum; bk&m;&Si\ f omoemwGi;f rSom &Edik af om
jrifhjrwfcJ,Of;vSonfh oabmrsKd;jzpfonf/
a&TESifhwlaom r*fukodkvf&&Sdrnfhvrf;rS aMu;ESifhwlaom 'geukodkvfudk vrf;vTJay;vdkufjcif;
omjzpfonf/ pma&;ol\ rdcifBu;D w&m;xdik af epOf wpfcguvnf; bk&m;pifay:rS uefawmhyaJG y:wGif 0wfjzL
pifMu,fwpfOD; ay:vmcJhonf/ bk&m;udkuyfvSLaom uefawmhyGJudk olwdkUtm; vSLxm;onftxifESifh ay:
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bkO;f ay; oH;k aqmif&wJt h cg olu, kd wf idk yf J bk&m;rjzpfEikd af wmhb;l vdUk ,lqNy;D bk&m;avmif;udk pGeUf ypfcw hJ ,f
r[kwv f m;/ bk&m;jzpfNy;D vdUk "r®pMumw&m; vma[mwmudak wmif r,Hrk MunfjzpfaeMuao;vdUk aocsm&Si;f jy
Ny;D rS a[m&w,f/ qdv k w kd mu aA'ifq&mud, k wf ikd af wmif ola[mwmudk olu, kd wf ikd f tjynft h 0 r,Hb k ;l vdUk
qdv k wkd m aA'ifeu©wyf nmqdw k m aumif;usK;d qd;k usK;d udk BuKd wifoEd ikd pf rG ;f &Sw d hJ ynmwpfrsK;d rdUk av;pm;tyfwhJ
avmuDynmwpfcyk g/ 'gayr,fh vdr;f aq;udk pm;aq;tjzpfo;kH vdu k &f if touftEÅ&m,fjzpfEikd o f vdk 'DN*Kd [x f J
a&mufaevdUk om 'Dvjkd zpf&wm? twdwu f H ykpyö eÜ uf eH UJ bmrSrqdik bf ;l vdUk ,lqvdu k &f ifawmh Ak'0¨ g'udk zsuq f ;D wJh
t"dutEÅ&m,fBuD; jzpfoGm;Edkifw,f/
]]aA'ifq&m? vu©Pmq&m? eu©wq f &m ta[mrSm;jcif; taMumif;ESpcf &k w dS ,f/ yxrtcsuf
u olwUkd ud, k wf ikd f ykxZk OfyyD D twGut f csurf mS ;Ny;D ta[mrSm;wm? 'kw, d tcsuu f ta[mcH&olu aumif;wJh
uHopfawG tNrrJ jywfjyKvyk af evdUk a[mMum;csuf rSm;oGm;wmaygh/ wynfah wmftay: a[mMum;csurf mS ;wm
'kw, d tcsuaf Mumifyh aJ ygh/ ola[mwJt h csed rf mS wjcm;b,fq&mvmwGuw f uG f cE¨mysuu f ed ;f yJxu G rf mS yJ/ 'gqdk
bmaMumifh wynfhawmf cE¨mrysuf&ovJ? toufu,f*gxmav; wpf*gxmaMumifhyJaygh }}
toufu,f*gxm qdo k nfEiS hf pma&;olu rSwpf pk mtkyx f wk íf toifjh yifvu kd &f m q&mawmfu
]] 'Dtoufu,f*gxmu wjcm;bmoma&; r*¾Zif;awGrSmygovdk? t&usufNyD; &Gwfae&r,fh
*gxmrsKd;r[kwfbl;? *gxm nTefjycsuftwkdif; vkdufemusifhBuH&r,fh *gxmrsKd;yJ/}}
*gxmav;u -
]] "em yknm "dvmabe
umvHcd,swd y@dawm?
uDVaeep 'kar® a"m?
ed'´g, uva[e0g }} wJh/ t"dyÜm,fu -
ynm&Sd olawmfaumif;[m Opöm&,f? ukodkvf&,f? ynmA[kokw&,f wpfckckudk&jcif;jzifh
tcsdefumvudk ukefvGefapw,f/ ynmrJh vlrdkufuawmh jrL;wl;aysmfyg;upm;jcif;? tdyfjcif;? jiif;ckefcdkuf&ef
pum;rsm;jcif;jzifh tcsed uf mvudk ukev f eG af pw,fw/hJ tcsed rf eS of rQxu J Opöm&,f? ynmA[kow k &ç&atmif
,lwmawmh [kwfygNyD? ukodkvfw&m;udka&m b,fvdk&atmif,lrvJvdkU ar;p&m&Sdvmw,f/
'um? 'umrrsm;[m rsm;aomtm;jzifh ukodkvfqdk&if 'geeJUoDvvdkUyJ owdxm;rdwwfw,f/
bm0emudk owdrxm;rdMubl;/ wu,fusawmh bm0emukov kd [f m 'ge? oDvxufomw,f/ oGm;&if;vm&if;?
csuf&if;jyKwf&if;eJU vlewfjA[®m owå0gtm;vHk; pdwfcsrf;om? udk,fusef;rmMuygapvdkU yGm;rsm;vdkufwmeJU
arwåmbm0emukodkvfjzpfwmyJ/ t&[H vlewfjA[®m owå0gtm;vHk;wdkU\ ylaZmftxl;udk cH,lawmfrlxdkuf
ygay\vdkU tm½HkjyKvdkufwmeJU Ak'¨gEkówd bm0emyGm;rsm;NyD;om; jzpfoGm;wmyJ/
tJ'D 'ge? oDv? bm0em ukov kd u
f aH wGaMumifh wynfah wmf cE¨mysuu f ed ;f u vGwcf &hJ wmaygh/
vlawGurodMuvdUk ? uHqw kd m aumif;atmifvyk v f Ukd &w,f/ 'ge? oDv? bm0emvkyw f m[m uHaumif;atmif
vkyfwmyJ/ raumif;usKd;awG ay;r&atmif taumif;qHk;,MwmawG acscsifw,fqdk&ifvnf; 'ge? oDv?
bm0emawG BudK;pm;tm;xkwfzdkUyJ vdkygw,f }}
q&mawmf\ Mo0g'qdkvdk&if;rSm ukodkvfuHopfrsm;udk rarhravsmh BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaeorQ
tukov kd uf q
H ;kd rsm; acgif;axmifrvmEdik b f J aemufqw k o
f mG ;&rnf[k qdv k ykd gonf/ tukov kd uf rH sm; aemuf
qkwfoGm;&eftwGuf ukodkvfuHrsm;udk rarhravsmhzdkU ta&;BuD;vSygonf/ xdkUaMumifh pHausmif; q&mawmf
BuD;u -
]] ukodkvfudk udk,fuarhvQif ukodkvfu udk,fhudkarhvdrfhrnf/ ukodkvfu udk,fhudkarhvQif ab;
awGUvdrrfh nf }} [k Mo0g'ay;awmfrcl jhJ cif; jzpfayvdrrhf nf/ aA'if? eu©w?f twdw?f edrw d ?f wabmifponfukd
aumwk[vr*Fvm [kac:onf/ xkdaumwk[vr*Fvmudk ,HkMunfjcif;udk rdrdukd,ftnhHqHk;? tnpfqHk;
OygoumxJ qGJcsvdkufjcif;ESifh wlayonf/ Ak'ü t*Fkwå&edum,f yÍöuedygw? p@vokwfü -
1/ ,HkMunfrI o'¨gw&m;vnf;r&Sd/
2/ apmifhxdef;rI oDvr&Sd/
3/ aumwk[wr*Fvmudk ,HkMunf\/
4/ r*Fvmudk ,HkMunfí uHudkr,HkMunf/
5/ þomoemawmfrS tjyifbufüvnf; tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfudk &SmrSD;\/
xdkoemtjyifbufüvnf; a&S;OD;pGmaumif;rIudkjyK\/ þw&m;ig;rsKd;ESifh jynfhpHkaom Oygo

umonf Oygoum 'Gef;p@m;vnf; rnf\/ Oygoumnpfvnf; rnf\/ OygoumnHhvnf; rnf\ [lí
a[mMum;awmfrcl yhJ gonf/ þp@mvokwv f m p@mv[lonf vlUavmuwGif atmufwef;tusq;kH vlwef;
pm;jzpfonf/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh p@mvrsm;udk NrKd UxJ&mG xJwiG f aecGirhf ay;Muyg/ olwUkd \ t"du toufarG;
0rf;ausmif;rSm vlaoudo k ,f,jl rK§ yEf HS oN*KØ [jf cif;rsm;yifjzpfonf/ "r®owfusr;f rsm;t& p@mvrsK;d wdUk onf
,if;wdkUjr§KyfESHoN*ØK[f&aom tavmif;aumifrsm;rS t0wftxnfrsm;udkom 0wfqifMu&onf[k qdkonf/
tpm;tpmudv k nf; cGuyf chJ u G uf sK;d rsm;üomxnfí h pm;oH;k Mu&onf/ a&TxnfaiGxnfypön;f rsm;udk r0wfqif
&bJ oHxnfypön;f rsm;udk 0wfqifMu&onf/ txufwef;vTm trsK;d jrwfow l Ukd onf xdpk @mvrsm;ESihf ta0;
rSom qufqMH uonf/ p@mvwdUk vufEiS x hf Nd y;D aom tpm;tpmrsm;udv k nf; rpm;oH;k Mu&ay/ þrQavmuf
,kwfedrfhatmufwef;usaom p@mvrsm;ESifh tb,fhaMumifh EIdif;,SOfía[m&aMumif; xif&Sm;ap&ef t&Sif
yndE´mbd0Ho(bDat) u jrefrmEdkifiHax&0g' Ak'¨bmomppfwrf; usrf;pmwGif ,ckvdktus,fcsJUí a0zefjy
cJyh gonf/
2/ apmifx h ed ;f rI oDvr&Sd [laom 'kw, d t*Fgt& Oygoum 'Ge;f p@m;onf ,HMk unfro I '¨gw&m;
r&Sdjcif;aMumifh uH\tusKd;ESifh wrvGefavmu aemufb0udk av;av;eufeuf r,HkMunfvSay/ odkUjzpfí
olonf aemufb0awGukd iJu h uG af xmufxm;Ny;D raumif;rI'pk ½du k rf sm;rS a&Smif&mS ;aezdUk rvdak wmhay/ tZÑwå
udik NhJ y;D rdru d ,kd uf kd qH;k ryJjh yifum apmifph nf;xde;f odr;f xm;zdUk vnf; ta&;rBu;D awmhay/ A[d'u ¨ ikd NhJ y;D olwpfyg;
ESifhqufqHa&;tqifajyrIom t"duxm;í [efvkyfum apmifhpnf;zdkUavmufom vdkayawmhonf/
þodkUtm;jzifh olonft[kwfwu,f ,HkMunfpdwfcs&aom vlaumif;olaumif; tppftrSef
oDv0EÅyk*¾dKvfjzpfzdkU rvG,fulvSay/ tjrifusOf;ajrmif;vSpGm vuf&Sdb0 aumif;pm;a&;udkom t"duxm;
ae&um; [d&DESifhMowåyÜwnf;[laom avmuygv w&m;ESpfyg;udkvnf; av;av;eufeuf pdwfa&mudk,fyg
usio hf ;kH awmh rnfr[kwaf y/ xdUk aMumifo h Ul tm; Oygoum 'Ge;f p@m;pm&if;xJoUkd xnfo h iG ;f xm;&jcif;jzpfonf/
3/ aumwk[vr*Fvmudk ,HkMunfrI&Sd\[laom wwd,t*Fgt& Oygoum 'Gef;p@m;onf
twdwaf umif; edrw d af umif; ponfwUkd jzifh aumif;usK;d csr;f om r*FvmjzpfvwåUH [k todtvdrm® ÓPfynm
r&SdolwdkU awG;awmBuHqtyfonfh aumwk[vac: 'd|okwr*Fvmudk av;av;eufeuf ,HMk unfpv JG rf;\/
olonf ud, k 0f efaqmifaom rde;f r? a&jynfah om td;k ? EGm;r ponfwUkd udk jrif&vQiv f nf;aumif;? atmifygap
csr;f omygapçpaom toHuMkd um;&vQif vnf;aumif;? arT;BuKd iaf om t&om? El;nHah csmarGUaom tawGUtxd
wnf;[laom £|m½Hw k Ukd udk awGUBuKH cpH m;&vQiv f nf;aumif; tvGeu f suo f a& r*Fvm&S\ d [k xifjrif,q l ae
onf/
olonf o'¨gr&Sjd cif;aMumifh oDvr&Sad y/ oDvr&Sjd cif;aMumifh orm"dEiS yhf nmvnf; r&Sad wmhay/
orm"dEiS yhf nm r&Sjd cif;aMumifh 'd|Kyg'efEiS o hf v D AÁwyk g'gefwUkd jzifh tESpo f m& bmrQ&mS r&onfh ajrcH? e*g;vSn?fh
jyó'g;? &uf&mZm? tif;tdik ?f vufzUJG ? *gxmrEÅ&m;? um,od'?d¨ 0dZmÆ r[d'yd¨ nm? arSmt f wwf ponfh wEÅ&0g'?
rEÅ&0g'wdUk udk rsuu f ef;ozG,f ,HMk unfpv JG rf;ae\/ xdw k EÅ&0g'ESihf rEÅ&0g'wdUk onf tdE, d´ jynfü Ak'b ¨ mom
udyk if uG,af ysmufapcJMh uav\/ xdUk aMumihf olUtm; Oygoum 'Ge;f p@m;pm&if;xJoUkd xnfo h iG ;f &jcif; jzpfay
onf/
4/ r*Fvmud, k MkH unfí uHurkd ,HMk unf[al om pwkwt ¬ *Fg& Oygoum'Ge;f p@m;onf jyó'g;?
&uf&ufZm ponfwUkd udk taotvJ ,HMk unfpv JG rf;vsuf arSmt f wwfpaom wEÅ&0g'? rEÅ&0g'wdUk udk avhvm
vduk pf m;ae&ojzifh uHuakd v;av;pm;pm; r,HMk unftm;awmhay/ ukov kd u
f o H nf aumif;aomtusK;d udk jzpfap
onf/ tukov kd uf o H nf raumif;aomtusK;d udk jzpfaponf[al om uHEiS u fh \
H tusK;d oGm;udk jywfjywfom;
om; r,HMk unfawmhbJ &uf&mZmaeUonf aumif;usK;d csr;f om r*Fvmjzpfap\/ jyó'g;aeUonf qif;&J rGaJ w
tr*Fvm jzpfap\/
paom aumwk[vr*Fvmudk 'd|Kyg'gefjzifh tjyif;txefpv JG rf;ae\/ olonf tvSLr@yfukd
aqmuf&mupí &uf&mZma&G;Ny;D ewfyaJG y;ae\/ wrmaphrS o&ufyifaygufvrd rhf nf[k txiftjrif rSm;ae
aomoluo hJ Ukd olonf tukov kd f 'kp½duk t f vkyrf S ewf? 0dZmÆ ? aZmf*sD ponfwUkd \wefc;kd aMumifh aumif;usK;d csr;f om
r*Fvmrsm; jzpfymG ;vmvdrrhf nf[k arQmv f ifah pmifph m; t,lrmS ;ae\/ xdUk aMumifh olUtm; Oygoum 'Ge;f p@m;
pm&if;xJoUkd xnfo h iG ;f xm;&jcif; jzpfayonf/
5/ þomoemawmf jyifbufüvnf; tvSLcHy*k Kd¾ vu f kd &SmrS;D \/ xdo k moem tjyifbufüvnf;
a&S;OD;pGm aumif;rIujkd yK\[laom yÍört*Fgt& Oygoum 'Ge;f p@m;onf tif;? tdik ?f vufzUJG ? *gxm? rEÅ&m;?
ewf? 0dZmÆ ? aZmf*sD ponfwUkd \ wefc;kd £'¨rd sm;udk ,HMk unfav;pm; tm;ud;k tm;xm; jyKvyk af e&ojzifh rdru d ,kd yf ikd f
jzpfaom qE´'d yd¨ g'f? 0D&, d 'd y¨d g'f? pdw'åd y¨d g'f? 0Dro H 'd yd¨ g'f wnf;[laom £'ÿd g'fav;yg;wdUk onf tm;enf;oGm;Mu
awmh\/ jrwfpmG bk&m;u ]] twå'yD g0d[&w twåo&Pm teno&Pm }} [lí rdru d , kd u
f o
kd mvQif rScD tkd m;
xm;&ef a[mMum;cJah omfvnf; rdru d , kd u f t
kd m;rud;k bJ olwpfyg;omtm;ud;k ae\/
olonf &[EÅm&Spfyg;ESifh jrwfpGmbk&m;\ ½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;udk a&SUuxm;NyD; tumtuG,fjyK
vkyu f m N*Kd [u f ;kd vH;k ESihf ol&ówD? r[mydE?Jé ydóEd;k wnf;[laom [dEL´ ewfBu;D ig;OD;wdUk udk aemufuxm;vsuf
bk&m;udk;qlylaZmfyGJ[k trnfwyfNyD; N*dK[fESifhewfrsm;udk ylaZmfyo\/ xdkewfBuD;ig;OD;xJu ol&ówD ewf
orD;udk txl;a&G;cs,Nf y;D bk&m;\teD;tyg;wGif oD;jcm;pifjyKvyk u f m ylaZmfyo c,0yfwmG ;ae\/ Oygoum
'Ge;f p@m;onf þomoemawmfEiS hf bmrSroufqikd b f J omoemhtjyifbufü jzpfMuukeaf om 37 rif;wdUk udk
vnf;aumif;? tdrw f iG ;f r[m*D&ed wfuv kd nf;aumif;? a&iHyikd f OD;&SiBf u;D udv k nf;aumif;? a'otvdu k f ewfrsm;
udv k nf;aumif;? 0dZmÆ ? aZmf*sD xGu&f yfaygufwUkd udv k nf;aumif;? ½dak ojrwfE;kd vufprkH ;kd um &Scd ;kd 0yfwmG ; toem;
cHwwf\/ xrif;? [if;? rkefU? aomufawmfa&csrf;? yef;eHUom? qDrD;? za,mif;wdkif? tarT;wdkif ponfwdkUjzifh
ylaZmfyouúm&jyKMu\/ xdUk aMumifh olUtm; Oygoum'Ge;f p@m;pm&if;xJoUkd xnfo h iG ;f xm;&jcif; jzpfygonf/
Oygoum&wem
Oygoum 'Ge;f p@m;tjzpfrcHbJ Oygoum&wem jzpfvo kd rl sm;twGuf xdo k w k üf yif jrefA'k u¨
qufvufía[mMum;xm;onfrSm -
1/ ,HkMunfrI o'¨gw&m;&Sdjcif;/
2/ apmifhxdef;rI oDv&Sdjcif;/
3/ aumwk[vr*Fvmudk ,HkMunfrIr&Sd/
4/ uHudk ,HkMunfí r*Fvmudk,HkMunfrIr&Sd/
5/ þomoemawmfrS jyifbufü tvSLcHy*k Kd¾ vu f kd r&SmrS;D wwf/ þomoemawmfüom a&S;OD;pGm
aumif;rIudkjyK\/ þw&m;ig;rsKd;ESifh jynfhpHkaom Oygoumonf Oygoum &wemvnf;rnf\/ Oygoum
y'krmvnf; rnf\/ Oygoum yk@&dumvnf;rnf\ [líjzpf\/ xdkUaMumifh azmfjyyg t*Fgig;csufESihftnD
Oygoum &wemjzpfatmifBudK;pm;Mu&ef pm½IolwdkUtm; av;av;pm;pm;wkdufwGef;&ygonf/
trIdufup jyom'frD;avmif [laompum;twkdif; tao;tzGJ twdwf? edrdwf? eu©wfponf
,HMk unfrrI pS í Ak'b ¨ momwnf;[laom jyom'fBu;D yg rD;avmifomG ;Edik yf u kH kd wnfawmq&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D u
r*Fvdu'd|u d sr;f pm pmrsuEf mS 137 wGif atmufygtwdik ;f a&;om;owday;awmfrcl yhJ gonf/
bk&m;yGi&hf m rZÑrd wdik ;f rSm bmaMumifrh Ukd omoemuG,w f mvJvUkd ppfaq;Munfch v hJ Qif tajccHuawmh
(r*Fvu d 'd|)d ayghu, G ?f r*Fvu d 'd|[ d m rlvuawmh ½d;k ½d;k r*Fvmt,l&w dS mygyJ/ uHurkd vGwaf o;bl;/ aemuf
usawmh 'DjrifrI Mum;rIaMumifh 'Dvakd umif;usK;d ? raumif;usK;d jzpf&w,fvUkd uHuykd ,fvu kd w
f ,f/ uHuykd ,fvu kd f
awmh ur®móuxm or®m'd|d uif;vGww f maygh/ r*¾i&f pS yf g;rSmtajccH ur®óuwmor®'|d d uif;vGwo f mG ;vQif
usew f hJ r*¾iw f &m;awGvnf; r&Sad wmhb;l /
r*¾iw f &m;r&Sv d Qif Ak'b ¨ momygvdUk b,fvykd if used w f ,G íf ajymapOD;awmh ppfreS w f hJ Ak'b
¨ mom
r[kwaf wmhb;l / ppfreS w f hJ Ak'b¨ mom r[kwcf v hJ Qif bk&m;&Si&f UJ pum;awmfjzpfwhJ y&d,wåd omoemawmfukd
riJah rQmcf v
hJ Qif ,ckb0 aumif;pm;zdUk twGuf vkycf si&f mudk vkyrf mS yJaygh/ 'ghaMumifh r*Fvu d 'd|[d m tprlvuawmh
tao;trTm; ta&;rxm;avmufp&mvdv k Ekd iS hf aemufyikd ;f usawmh Ak'o ¨ moemawmfEiS hf qefUusiw f hJ edrw
d zf wf
wmawG aA'ifa[m? vu©Pma[mwmawG? ewfa[mwmawG? ewfyal ZmfwmawGupNy;D rsm;jym;vSwhJ wEÅ&?
0dZmÆ ,me twwftrsK;d rsK;d awG jzpfay:vmNy;D tdE, d´ jynfBu;D rSmvdk omoemuG,af ysmufomG ;apEdik w f ,f/
q&mawmfBu;D owday;a&;om;awmfro l vdk Ak'b ¨ mom ruG,af ysmufapvdak om Oygoum
&wem jzpfvakd om pm½Iorl sm;onf aA'if? eu©w?f twdw?f edrw d rf sm;udk ,HMk unfu;kd pm; raeMubJ uH? uH\
tusK;d udo k m ,HMk unfu;kd pm;Muyg&ef wku d wf eG ;f &if; 'kw, d ajrmuf omoemh tnpftaMu;rsm;udk azmfjy&m
tcef;udk ed*;Hk csKy&f ygonf/
todÓPf&Sdr&Sd csdefMunfhenf;
&[ef;awmfrsm;\ ynmwnf;[laom tvif;a&mifonf 'um? 'umrsm;\ tarSmifxu k kd ciG ;f rd
aomtcg trSm;MumítrSejf zpfaeMuaom jyó'g;? &uf&mZm? 0g&rdwLå ? e*g;vSn?hf ajrcH? ud;k e0if;? tif;tdik ?f
vufzUJG ? cg;vSn?hf rEÅmef paomtrSm;rsm;onf bmrQt"dymÜ ,fr&Sad om t&mrsm;[k jywfom;xif&mS ; vmMu
ayvdrrfh nf/ vlwpfa,muftm; olawmfaumif; [kwçf r[kwf csed x f ;kd aomtcg ud, k cf si;f pmw&m; arwåm"mwf
cdk? rckd tm;jzifh csdefxdk;&ouJhodkU/
xdUk twlyif todÓPf&?dS r&Su
d kd csed x
f ;kd aomtcg ,kwu då if;rJí
h t"dymÜ ,fr&Sad om t&mrsm;udk
,Hk? r,Hk tm;jzifh csdefxdk;&ayrnf/
(t&SifyndE´mbd0Ho? yxrausmf? "r®mp&d,? bDat)
y,f & rnf h t ,l

jyó'g;? &uf&mZm? ajrcH? e*g;vSnu hf kd a&G;jcif;? t*¾&d wfx;kd jcif;? atmifçygaompum;? ud;k çyg
aompum;udrk S r*Fvm&So d nf[k ,ljcif;? toufuw kd nf ckepfcEk iS phf m;í aq;ukjcif;? vjynfah usmf wpf&ufaeU
ponfü usaomaeUudk wkdifxlí aq;ukjcif;? rnfonfhopfyifudk rpdkufaumif;[k ,ljcif;? tdrfudk acG;wuf?
AsKid ;f em;? Vif;wem;? ysm;pGv
J Qif rnfoUkd jzpfvrd rhf nf[k ,ljcif;? tdraf qmufqJ tdr&f iS af ovQif rD;ausmo f nf[k
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,HkMunfaom Ak'¨bmomwdkU\ t,lr[kwfí pGefUy,ftyfukef\/
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tcef; (7) NyD;\

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tcef; (8)
omoemESifh ewfudk;uG,frI
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rPdaZmwu? jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd bmomtoD;oD;rS bmom0ifta&twGufudk þuJhodkU wGufjyxm;ygonf/
Ak'b¨ mom0if - oef;oHk;q,fausmf

c&pf,mefbmom0if - wpfoef;ajcmufodef;ausmf
ewfudk;uG,fol - oHk;odef;udk;aomif;ausmf
[dEL´ bmom0if - wpfodef;udk;aomif;ausmf
tjcm;bmom0if - ig;aomif;ESpfaxmifausmf
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&jcif; jzpfygonf/
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taejzifh udk;uG,f&mtydkr&Smoifhawmhyg/ ememow¬m& Oav’mue (q&mtrsKd;rsKd;\rsufESmudk armhMunfh
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ygonf/
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jzpfaMumif; wdwdusus odMu&ygonf/
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'umay:ojzifh &[ef;cHyt JG wGuf jrif;NcrH rS b
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f kd rwifw h ,faom npf
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rsm;rSm acsmif;pD;cJ&h ygawmhonf/
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Ak'¨wifpm;aom Oyrmpum;jzifh ajym&ygvQif 'Gef;p@m; OygoumrsKd;om jzpfcJhvQif? &wem
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aom Oygoum &wemjzpfavaomaMumifh Ak'b ¨ momppfppftrd rf mS rS vmaeaom bmomjcm; rdpmä 'd|d om
oemzsuf ewf,kwfudk ,ckuJhodkU ajymqdkESifxkwfvdkufygawmhonf/
]] *päçem[H wm'doDeH oaweyd o[aóeyd owo[
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xGufoGm;avmh }}
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ygonf/
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r&Sb
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f Ukd \ usix
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vrf;rSmypfxm;aom tnpftaMu;rsm;udk jzpfovdk &Smpm;Mu&ygonf/
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awmif;wwf Muygonf/ xdt k cg vlBu;D rsm;u acgpm (Nyw d må pm? pke;f pm) ypfay;Mu&ygonf/ xdak cgpmypfjcif;
tavhtxrSm ,ckxufwikd f &Sad eygao;onf/ xdu k o
hJ Ukd tnpftaMu;rsm;udk &SmBuaH umufpm;aeMu&aom
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aejcif; jzpfygawmhonf/
4if;ewfprd ;f rsm;onf Nyw d må rsm;omjzpfygvsuf 4if;wdUk xufjrwfaom vlom;rsm;udk tb,f\
tpGrf;jzifh 'ku©ay;EdkifMu oenf;/ tajzum; ur®Zd'¨dac: b0uHuay;aom wefckd;\tpGrf;jzifh 'ku©ay;Edkif
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&wemoHk;yg; oufoufudkom udk;uG,fMuaom Oygoum &wemrsm;udkum; 'ku©ay;EkdifzdkU aeaeomom
tem;odkUyif rodEdkifMuyg/
Nyw
d må ewfprd ;f wdUk &&Sx d m;aomwefc;kd um; vlom;wdUk u 4if;wdUk udk rjrifEikd jf cif;yif jzpfygonf/
b0uHuay;aom þwefcdk; wpfckrSwpfyg; wjcm;bmwefcdk;rS r&Sday/ rdrdudk rjrifapEdkifaom xdkwefckd;rsKd;
vlom;wdUk wGif r&Sad omaMumifh 4if;ewfprd ;f Nyw d må rsm;udk rud;k uG,o f ifbh ;l vm;[k ar;jim;tH/h 4if;tqdt k wdik ;f
qdkvQif aumif;uifrSm ysHEdkifaom iSufrsm;udk aumif;uifrSm ysHEdkifjcif;r&Sdaom vlom;wdkUu udk;uG,f&rvdk
jzpfaeayvdrrfh nf/ iSurf sm; aumif;uifrmS ysEH ikd jf cif;rSmvnf; ur®Z'd ad¨ c: b0uHuay;xm;aom wpfc;dk wpfrsK;d yif
jzpfygonf/
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Muaom ewfprd ;f rsm;onf 4if;wkUd ud, k wf ikd f aumif;usK;d csr;f omudk cHpm;aeMu&olrsm; r[kwMf uaomaMumifh
4if;wdkUudk udk;uG,faeolrsm;udkvnf; aumif;usKd;csrf;om &&Sdatmif b,fvdkrS aqmuf&Gufay;Edkifvdrhfrnf
r[kwfay/ ,if;ewfpdrf;rsm;udk aumif;usKd;csrf;omtwGuf tm;udk;p&mrvdkovdk qif;&J'ku©twGufvnf;
pdk;&drfp&m aMumufp&mrvdkay/
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xkwfoHk;vQif ewfuyifvludk t½IH;ay;&aom om"uawG rsm;pGm&Sdygonf/ xdkteufu om"uESpfckcefUudk
xkwjf yygrnf/ vlMurf; ewfMurf;rcHEikd f [laom vlom;cdik ;f &mudk ewfujyKvyk af y;&aom om"uudk 0Dowd
edygwf? [w¬dygvZmwfwGif ,ckvdk awGU&Sd&ygonf/
wpfcgu Am&mPoDNrdKUwGif {okum&Dtrnf&Sdaom bk&ifwpfyg; rif;jyKaomtcsdefyif jzpfyg
onf/ eef;wGi;f cpm;aom yka&m[dwEf iS hf i,foil ,fcsi;f jzpfojzihf tvGecf spu f Rr;f 0ifMuonf/ ESpaf ,mufv;kH rSm
om;orD; rxGe;f um;Muacs/ wpfaeU oli,fcsi;f ESpaf ,muf? aemifa&;udk ajymqdak qG;aEG;&if; igwdUk \pnf;pdrf
Opömonf rsm;jym;vS\/ igwdkUrSm tarGcHrnfh om;orD;r&SdMu/ b,fvdk vkyfoifhçvkyfxdkufoenf;[k wdkifyif

Muavonf/ wdkifyifMuonfhtcg rif;u yka&m[dwfudk -
oli,fcsi;f ? tu,fí oifom;arG;vQif ig\pnf;pdrcf sr;f omudk oifo h m;tm; ay;rnf/ tu,f
í igom;arG;vQif oif\pnf;pdrfcsrf;omudk ighom;tm; ay;&rnf[k ajymqdktBuHjyKavonf/ xdktBuHjyK
csuuf kd ESpOf ;D oabmwl vufcu H m vku
d ef maqmif&uG &f ef uwdjyKMuavonf/ xdUk aemuf wpfaeUaomtcg
yka&m[dwo f nf rdrt d m; tydik pf m;ay;xm;onfh &GmrStjyef NrKd UxJt0if NrKd UjyifwcH g;teD;wGif om;wpfa,muf
u a&SUuoGm;um om;wpfa,mufu aemufu? om;wpfa,mufu rdcifvmufudkqGJNyD; ab;u? om;wpf
a,mufu ykcHk;ay:u? om;wpfa,mufu cg;ay:u vdkufygvsuf oGm;aeaom om;ckepfa,muf&Sdaom
A[kyw k udå trnf&adS om olqif;&Jrwpfa,mufukd awGUjrif&avonf/ xdt k cg yka&m[dwuf olqif;&Jrud-k
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a,mufwdkUrSm NrJonfhzcifrnfonfr&Sd }} [kajymavonf/
r&Sbd EJ iS hf 'Dom;ckepfa,mufwUkd udk b,fvv kd yk Nf y;D &&Scd o
hJ vJ[k qufar;aomf olqif;&Jronf
tjcm;jyp&m taMumif;udkrjrifí NrdKUwHcg;teD;rSm&Sdonfh anmifyifudk vufñId;xdk;jyum ]] t&Sif? 'Danmif
yifrSm pdk;tkyfaeaom ewf (½ku©pdk;ewf) qDrSm qkawmif;í &cJhygonf/ 'Danmifyifapmifhewfu uRefrtm;
xdkom;rsm;udk ay;ygonf }} [kajymavonf/
ewfuaMumuf&aom vlom;
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oiht f m; ESppf OfEpS w
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om;ckepfa,mufay;NyD; igwdkUrif;tm; tu,fíom;ray;vQif 'DaeUrS aemufckepf&ufajrmufaeUrSm oifh
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ajrmufaeUa&mufvQif anmifudkif;udk udkifí ]] ½ku©pdk;ewf aemufwpf&ufom usefawmhonf/ tu,fí
igwdUk rif;tm; om;ray;vQif eufjzeftqH;k pD&ifayrnf }}[k Ncrd ;f ajcmufjyefavonf/ ½kup© ;kd ewfonf qifjcif
Munfv h Qif ajymonft h wdik ;f wu,fvyk af wmhrnfukd odí ]] 'Dyak &m[dwf ykPmÖ ;onf om;r&vQif ighArd mefukd
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csKyfBuD; 28 a,mufxHoGm;a&mufí tultnDawmif;jyefavonf/ ewfppfAdkvfcsKyfBuD;rsm;uvnf; rwwf
Edik af Mumif;ajymavvQif ewfwUkd \rif;jzpfaom odMu;rif;xHomG ;a&muf tultnDawmif;avonf/ odMum;
rif;onf rif;ESio hf ifah vsmo f nfh om;&Edik çf r&Edik f qifjcifMunf½h aI vvQif bke;f uH&adS om ewfom;av;a,muf
wdkUudk jrifavonf/
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av;a,mufwUkd onf xkb d 0rS pkawaomf xdak umif;rIuaH Mumifh wm0wðombHük jzpfMuavonf/ xdUk aemuf
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Muavonf/ xdktcgüum; xdkewfav;a,mufwkdUonf wm0wðombHkrS pkawí ,mrmbHkodkU oGm;&rnfh
tvSnfh jzpf\/
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G f
uyif umr*kPfudkpGefUum &[ef;jyKygrnf }} [k ajymMuavonf/
odMum;onf ]] aumif;NyD }} [k ajymqdkum xdkewfom;wdkUxHrS 0efcHcsuf,lí jyefvmNyD;vQif
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rdrdAdrmef jyefvmavonf/ yka&m[dwfykPÖm;onf aemufqHk;aeUa&mufaomf aemufqHk;aeUjzpfonhftwdkif;
anmifyifukd wl;vSyJ pf&ef tm;aumif;onfh a,muFsm;rsm;udak c:í ykqed &f w J if;ponfwUkd udk t,lcikd ;f Ny;D vQif
anmifyif&Sd&modkU oGm;avonf/ anmifyifa&mufvQif anmifudkif;udk udkifí -
]] tdk ..ewf? uaeUonf uREkfyfom;awmif;onfh ckepf&ufajrmufaeU jzpfonf/ cktcgonf
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]] yka&m[dwf ykPÖm;? oifhtm; om;wpfa,mufomru om;av;a,mufudk igay;rnf }} [k
ajymavvQif uREfkyftvdkr&Sdyg? uREfkyfwdkUrif;tm;om ay;yg[k ajymavonf/ oihfudkom ay;rnf[k ½ku©pdk;
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a,mufvHk; oifhtm;om ay;rnf/ oifvnf;yJ &umrQom jzpfvdrfhrnf/ tdrf&mwnfaxmif vlUbHkrSmraebJ
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