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Solution
Cc = const. X (-Φ – Vbc)-1/3
Cc = 3pF when Vbc = 0, then
3pF = const. X (0.7)-1/3 or
Const. = 3pF
(0.7)-1/3
Hence when reverse bias is 6V
Solution
This the change of collector-base voltage causing the base width
to change. In other words the collector and emitter currents are
not constant as the collector voltage is increased, but they
increase gradually as the base region becomes narrower due to
the increasing reverse collector voltage.
Question 2
I1 2Ω 3Ω I2
+ +
V1 V2
1H
- -
_________________________________________________________________
2(b The two port circuit below contains a current – dependant voltage source.
) Find its Z - parameters
I1
2Ω 3Ω
+ +
V1 V2
1H
- -
Solution
Applying KVL around the two loops we get;
Solution
NPN BJT
A bipolar (junction) transistor (BJT) is a type of
transistor. It is a three-terminal electronic device constructed
of doped semiconductor material and may be used in
amplifying or switching applications. Bipolar transistors are
so named because their operation involves both electrons
and holes. That is, charge flow is due to bidirectional
diffusion of charge carriers across a junction between two
regions of different charge concentrations
(a) NPN have two N type material and single P-type sandwitch
between the two N-type. Reverse is the Case in PNP.
(b)An NPN transistor is always drawn with the arrow pointing
outwards whilst the PNP transistor always has the arrow
pointing inwards.
(c) For the NPN transistor, the base current flows into the
transistor but for the PNP transistor, the base current
flows out the transistor
(d)NPN transistor has a higher frequency response than does
the PNP because electron flow is faster than hole flow
(e) In NPN the n-type collector is heavily doped while p-type
base is lightly doped.
in PNP the p-type collector is heavily doped and n-type
base is lightly doped.
(f) NPN needs positive dc power supply connected to
collector but PNP needs Negative one connected to
Emitter
Question 4
(i)
Zi = βre
Zo = Rcllro
(ii)
Zi = RB//βre
Aprox. = βre
Zo = Rcllro
Aprox. = Rc
Av = - (Rcllro)
Re
Aprox. = - Rc
Re
Ai = βRBro
(ro+Rc)+(RB+βre)
Aprox. = β
(iii)
Zi = re
1 + Rc
β + RF
Zo approx. = RcllRF
AV approx. = - Rc
re
Ai = βRF
RF + βRc
Ai approx. = RF
Rc
(iv)
Zi = R1llR2llβre
Zo = Rcllro
Ai approx. = Rc
Av = - Rcllro
re
Ai = β(R1llR2)ro
(ro+Rc)(R1llR2 +βre)
= β(R1llR2)
R1llR2 + βre