50fi Desde Manual c011-4 en

Function Description
The start of the function is initiated:via the device-internal protection function and/or externally (via binary
inputs or interface, for example, GOOSE). The start can be done 1-pole or 3-pole. Figure 6-356and
Figure 6-357 showing the functionality.
Internal Start
By default, each device-internal protection stage, which has to control the local circuit breaker starts the
circuit-breaker failure protection. The function is started by the tripping of the protection stage. In case of
phase-selective tripping, the start will also be phase-selective. In addition, circuit-breaker failure protection is
started with 3-pole tripping of automatic reclosing (AREC). In the default setting, the starting signal
Internal start (see Figure 6-356) is held when the pickup signal has a falling edge or the protection
function has tripped. The CBFP function can in this case only dropout if the CB is detected to be open. This is
detected using the current flow or circuit-breaker auxiliary contact criterion. If necessary, the CBFP function
can also dropout when the pickup signal has a falling edge or the protection function trips (internal starting
signal is not held).
Where required, individual protection stages or protection functions can be routed so that they are excluded
as starting source. If all device-internal starting sources are excluded in this manner, the start must be initi-
ated externally.
Routing of the internal starting sources takes place in the protection function groups via the Circuit breaker
interaction entry (for this, see 2.1 Function Embedding in the Device , DIGSI 5 Project Tree (excerpt)).
[lointsta-160611-01.tif, 1, en_US]
Figure 6-356 Internal CBFP Start
6.42.3
Protection and Automation Functions
6.42 Circuit-Breaker Failure Protection
SIPROTEC 5, Distance Protection, Line Differential Protection, and Breaker Management for 1-Pole and 3-Pole Tripping,
Manual
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External Start
The parameter Start via binary input is used to set whether the external start is initiated by a 1-
channel or 2-channel signal. The required routing of the input signals is compared with the setting. If a routing
is missing, an error message is generated. The Health signal changes to the state War ni ng.
[loanwext-180713-01.tif, 1, en_US]
Figure 6-357 Configuration of the External Start of the CBFP Function
In 1-channel mode, start for 1-pole tripping is initiated only with the binary input signals >Start pole A,
>Start pole B, and >Start pole C. In the case of 3-pole tripping, start is initiated only with the input
signal >Start 3-pole (see Figure 6-358).
In 2-channel operation, to initiate the start, the binary input signal >Release 1-pole must be activated in
case of the 1-pole start, or >Release 3-pole in case of the 3-pole start. In the default setting, the internal
starting signals External start Lx and External start 3pol drop out immediately when the binary
input signals have a falling edge (see Figure 6-358). If necessary, the internal start signal can be held. In this
case, the start remains active when the binary input signals have a falling edge.
The input signals are monitored to avoid an unwanted pickup of the function.
Static supervision (see Figure 6-358):

If one of the binary starting and release signals is active for more than 15 s without a pickup of the func-
tion, an error in the binary input circuit is assumed. The corresponding signal is blocked to exclude an
external pickup of the function. A corresponding indication is issued, and the ready signal changes to the
state Warning. The blocking is reset as soon as the binary input signal drops out.
This static supervision is disabled in the following cases:
a) On pickup of the CBFP (only in the case of an external start). This avoids an unwanted pickup of the
supervision if the external protection that starts the CBFP uses a lockout functionality. When the starting
signal drops out, the supervision is enabled again.
b) As long as the function (or the device) is in test mode. This allows to check the function without the
supervision blocking the function.
Dynamic supervision (see Figure 6-358):

If one of the starting signals is active but no release signal is present after a settable supervision time
has elapsed, pickup is blocked and a corresponding indication is issued. The Health signal changes to
the state War ni ng. The blocking is reset with the dropout of the starting signal.
The binary input signals only take effect if the binary inputs are activated for at least 10 ms (SW filter, see
Figure 6-358).
944 SIPROTEC 5, Distance Protection, Line Differential Protection, and Breaker Management for 1-Pole and 3-Pole Tripping,
Manual
C53000-G5040-C011-4, Release 10.2013
[loexlsvs-100611-01.tif, 1, en_US]
Figure 6-358 External Start of the CBFP, Logic
1-Pole or Multi-Pole Start
Based on the starting signals it is determined whether the start in question is 1-pole or multipole (see
Figure 6-359). This information is required for starting the various time delays.
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Figure 6-359 Processing the Starting Signals of CBFP
Current-Flow Criterion
The current-flow criterion is the primary criterion for determining the circuit-breaker position. A circuit-breaker
pole is supposed to be closed, and the pole-selective current-flow criterion fulfilled, as soon as one of the
phase currents exceeds the phase-current threshold value, and at the same time a plausibilization current
exceeds the associated threshold value. The plausibilization current can be a second phase current (to
compare with the threshold value for phase currents) or the zero-sequence or negative-sequence current (to
compare with the threshold value for ground currents). The additional evaluation of a plausibilization current
increases the safety of a criterion.
In the case of ground faults, the ground-current threshold value can be dynamically applied to the phase
currents as well. The current-flow criterion is in this case fulfilled when the currents exceed the ground-current
threshold value. The phase-current threshold value is then ineffective. The binary signal >Thresh. ground
curr. is used for the switchover.
The measuring algorithm is optimized for fast dropout when the value drops below the threshold value.
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[lostromk-300610-01.tif, 1, en_US]
Figure 6-360 Current-Flow Criterion
Circuit-Breaker Auxiliary-Contact Criterion
Settings allow you to set whether the auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker are permitted for determining the
circuit-breaker switch position. The following settings are possible:
In this function, circuit-breaker auxiliary contacts are not used for determining the CB position.
The position is determined (pole-selective) via the double-point indications Position Lx (from the
Circuit breaker function block).
The double-point indication 3-pole position (from the Circuit breaker function block) is used to
determine whether all 3 poles of the circuit breaker are closed.
If the double-point indications are not routed, an error message is issued. The ready signal also changes to
the state War ni ng.
A detected static disturbed position (not an intermediate position) has the effect that the circuit breaker auxil-
iary contact criterion is not used (the signals Aux.co.crit. CB Clsd Lx are inactive).
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[lohikols-070611-01.tif, 1, en_US]
Figure 6-361 Circuit-Breaker Auxiliary-Contact Criterion
Pickup/Dropout
After the start, a check is performed whether the circuit breaker or the individual circuit-breaker pole is closed.
The current-flow criterion and the circuit-breaker auxiliary-contact criterion are available for this purpose.
Even if the circuit-breaker auxiliary contact criterion is permitted, preference is given to the fulfilled current-
flow criterion because it is the most reliable criterion for determining whether the CB or CB pole is closed.
This means that the CB or CB pole is considered to be closed if it is closed according to the current-flow crite-
rion but, at the same time, open according to the circuit-breaker auxiliary contact criterion.
If no current is flowing at the moment of start, the function can only pick up via the circuit-breaker auxiliary-
contact criterion. For this purpose, the circuit-breaker auxiliary contacts must be permitted as criterion. When
the current begins to flow after the start, the function switches over to the current-flow criterion.
If the circuit-breaker or a circuit-breaker pole is detected to be closed, the function picks up.
The pickup starts a time delay (see Delay/Tripping). While the delay is running, the system checks continu-
ously whether the circuit breaker or a CB pole has opened. In the default setting, the opening of the CB is
checked on the basis of the currently valid criterion, which is normally the current-flow criterion because it is
preferred. If until expiration of the time delay, no current flow above the set threshold values has been
detected, the circuit-breaker auxiliary-contact criterion becomes effective.
The function has also a setting in which dropout is only possible if both criteria detect in parallel the CB or CB
pole to be open (dropout with auxiliary contact and current-flow criterion).
In the default setting, the internal starting signal is held (see Figure 6-356 and Figure 6-358). This means that
dropout is controlled solely by the current-flow or circuit-breaker auxiliary-contact criterion. If dropout is also to
occur on the falling edge of the starting signal (that is, when the pickup signal has a falling edge or the protec-
tion function trips), holding of the start signal must be disabled.
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[loanregu-170611-01.tif, 1, en_US]
Figure 6-362 Pickup/Dropout of the CBFP
Delay/Tripping
In a first step, tripping at the local CB can be repeated. Tripping is repeated after expiration of the settable
delay T1. You can set various T1 times for a 1-pole and multipole start. In case of a 1-pole start, tripping can
be repeated in a 1-pole or 3-pole way depending on the setting.
Time delay T2 (backup tripping) can be started in parallel with time T1 or after expiration of time T1. You can
set various T2 times for a 1-pole and multipole start.
If the assigned 1-pole period is initially started by a 1-pole start and a multiphase short circuit and multiphase
start occur subsequently, the corresponding multiphase period is also started so that the 2 periods run in
parallel. Tripping is determined by the period that expires first.
When there is a 1-pole start with 3-pole trip repeat, the 3-pole T2 time is started.
If time delay T2 expires without a dropout of the function, a circuit-breaker failure is assumed, and the backup
tripping signal Trip T2 is generated. This tripping is always 3-pole. If the device is equipped with a protec-
tion interface, a transfer trip signal can be sent to the opposite end if necessary (see chapter Protection inter-
face 3.5.3.1 Overview of Functions).
If the >CB defect input signal is valid, any repetition of the trip signal is suppressed, and the backup tripping
signal T2 is generated immediately (without delay). The corresponding binary input must be activated for at
least 20 ms before the input signal >CB defect becomes valid.
The Minimum operate time parameter defines the minimum duration for tripping the function. In contrast
to other protection functions, the parameter is set within its own function. As a result, the setting is inde-
pendent of the identically named comprehensive parameter that is set in the Device settings.
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[loverzau-070611-01.tif, 1, en_US]
Figure 6-363 Delay/Tripping of the CBFP
Application and Setting Notes
Figure 6-364 gives an overview of the functions involved in an external start of the CBFP function.In the case
of an internal start, there is no external protection device and the protection functionality is located in the
CBFP device.
6.42.4
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[loschema-160611-01.tif, 1, en_US]
Figure 6-364 Circuit-Breaker Failure Protection with External Pole-Selective Start, Pole-Selective Tripping
Repetition, and 3-Pole Tripping (T2)
Routing: Configuration of Internal Starting Sources (Internal Protection Function)
Configuration of the internal starting sources takes place in the protection function groups via the Circuit
breaker interaction entry (for this see 2.1 Function Embedding in the Device , Figure 2-4).
By default, the function can be started by any tripping of the internal protection functions, which control the
local circuit breaker. Depending on the specific application, it may be necessary to exclude certain device-
internal protection functions from starting the CBFP. For instance, busbar disconnection following a local
circuit-breaker failure may be undesirable in the case of load-shedding applications or ground faults in
isolated/resonant-grounded systems.
Where a start exclusively from external sources is required, all internal protection functions must be routed so
that they are excluded as starting source.
Parameter: Start via binary input
Default setting (_:107) Start via binary input =no

Parameter Value Description
no If no external start is intended, the parameter is set to no.
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2 channel 2-channel start is used if there is a risk that the circuit-breaker failure protection
causes a tripping due to a faulty activation of the start binary input. This is the
case in the following situations:
a) The CBFP pickup value (threshold value) is set to less than the load current.
b) There may be operating conditions under which the current flow is higher
than the pickup value.
To avoid a possible overfunction, Siemens recommends using the 2-channel
start.
1 channel The 1-channel start must be used where only one control circuit is available for
starting the CBFP.
Input Signals: >Start, >Release
The start and release input signals have a filtering time of 10 ms as default setting. If a transient control
signal to the binary inputs is to be expected due to the design of the external binary-input control circuits and
due to environmental conditions, the filtering time can be extended. This delays the start of the CBFP func-
tion.
Input Signals Description
>Start pole A
>Start pole B
>Start pole C
>Start 3-pole
The start input signal is linked with the tripping of the external protection
device. When the external protection trips phase-segregated, the CBFP can be
started phase-segregated using the input signals >Start phsx (see
Figure 6-364).
>Release 1-pole
>Release 3-pole
The enabling input signal is normally linked with the pickup of the external
protection device (see Figure 6-364). Another common configuration is the
parallel wiring of the external trip initiation to both binary inputs (start and
enable).
Parameter: Supervision time release signal
Default setting (_:108) Sup.time for release signl =0.06 s

The setting depends on the external function which generates the release signal. If the pickup or tripping of
the external protection is used as release signal, the default setting can be kept. If it is ensured that the
release signal is always present before the starting signal, the time can be set to 0.
Parameter: Holding internal signal
Recommended setting value (_:105) Holding int. start signal =yes

yes In the case of an internal start, the starting signal is latched. The dropout of the
CBFP depends exclusively on the determination of the CB position.
This setting must be selected if it is not ensured that all 3 poles of the CB have
opened when the pickup signal of the protection function has a falling edge.
Siemens recommends using this method as the standard method.
no Latching of the starting signal can be deactivated if it is ensured by the applica-
tion that the CB has reliably opened when the starting signal has a falling edge.
If the CBFP is explicitly required to drop out when the starting signal has a
falling edge, latching of the starting signal can also be deactivated.
EXAMPLE
Holding internal start signal (setting value: yes):
In the presence of a 2-pole fault, only one contact of the CB opens. The fault current is thus reduced, and the
starting phase short-circuit protection drops out.
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Parameter: Holding external signal
Recommended setting value (_:106) Holding ext. start signal =no

no The CBFP drops out when the external starting signal has a falling edge. This
setting prevents the CBFP from generating a tripping signal when an unwanted
pulse is received at the binary input and the current flow is high enough.
Siemens recommends using this method as the standard method.
yes You can hold the starting signal if it is not ensured that the circuit breaker is
open when the external starting signal has a falling edge.
EXAMPLE
Holding external starting signal (setting value: yes):
The function is started from the opposite end via an auxiliary device for command transmission. This device
generates only a signal pulse.
i i
NOTE
Siemens would like to point out that, with a hold signal, the CBFP generates a trip signal each time a
starting pulse is received and the current flow is high enough. Remember this particularly in the case of an
external start!
Parameter: Phase current threshold value/ground current threshold value
Recommended setting value (_:102) Threshold phase current =approx. 0.50 I

k, min
Recommended setting value (_:101) Threshold ground current =approx. 0.50 I

k, min
In order to ensure that the disconnection of the fault is promptly detected and the function can drop out
quickly, Siemens recommends setting both thresholds to half the minimum short-circuit current (I
sc,min
).
If - depending on the neutral-point treatment and/or load conditions - ground faults lead to relatively low fault
currents, a sensitive setting of the parameter Threshold ground current must be selected according to
the rule (0.5 l
k, min
). There may also be values which are noticeably below the rated or load current.
Input signal: >Thresh. value ground current
In order to ensure that the function picks up reliably in all switch positions of the power-supply system (exam-
ples: opposite end of line open, switching onto a ground fault), the parameter Threshold ground
current can be applied dynamically to all currents including phase currents in the presence of ground
faults. For this purpose, the binary signal >Thresh. ground curr. must be activated. This can be done
via a device-internal function for ground-fault detection (if provided in the device), for example, using Over-
voltage protection with zero-sequence voltage. In this case, the pickup of the V0>function must be linked
with the binary signal. Alternatively, the signal from a separate sensitive ground-fault detection device can be
injected using a binary input.
Parameter: Circuit breaker auxiliary contact criterion allowed
Recommended setting value (_:103) CB aux.cont. crit. allowed =no

no If sufficient current flow is ensured under all conditions with the CB closed,
Siemens recommends not to permit the auxiliary contacts as a further criterion
for determining the CB position, because measurement based on the current
flow is the most reliable criterion.
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with position
with position phsx
The auxiliary contacts are permitted as a further criterion in applications (see
the following examples) where the current is no reliable criterion for deter-
mining the circuit-breaker position.
When the protection trips phase-segregated, it makes sense to link also the
auxiliary contacts to the device phase-segregated to ensure a pole-selective
detection of the position To do so, select with Position phsx.
If pole-selective detection is not possible, set with Position. Observe that
the CB is deemed open as soon as the 1st pole has opened.
EXAMPLES
Applications which require you to permit the circuit-breaker auxiliary-contact criterion:
Tripping of the high and low voltage side CB on the transformer: If only one of the 2 CBs trips, there is
no more current flow.
Tripping of protection functions whose tripping decision is not based on current measurement in combi-
nation with low-load situations.
Injection of the tripping signal from Buchholz protection

Parameter: Dropout
Recommended setting value (_:104) Dropout =with effective criterion

The parameter Dropout is available if the circuit-breaker auxiliary-contact criterion is permitted (see param-
eter CB aux.cont. crit. allowed).
with effective
criterion
Siemens recommends keeping the default setting, because it prefers the
current as a reliable criterion for detection of an open CB and thus for dropout
of the CBFP function.
w. aux.c. and
curr.crit.
Select this setting for applications on transformers or generators (see the
preceding examples) in which the current flow is such that the current is no
longer a reliable criterion for detecting the opening of the CB.
Parameter: Retrip
Default setting (_:110) Retrip after T1 =no

no Where no redundant CB control is provided, a repetition of the trip signal to the
local CB is not required.
start T2 after T1 Where a redundant CB control (2nd trip coil with 2 trip circuits) is provided, a
repetition of the trip signal to the local CB makes sense.
Siemens recommends the setting start T2 after T1 because it provides a
clear chronological separation of the processes for trip repeat and backup trip-
ping. Remember here that the overall fault-clearance time in case of a failure of
the local CB is the sum of T1 and T2.
parallel start T2,
T1
Alternatively to setting start T2 after T1, you can start parallel
start T2, T1.
Parameter: Delay T1 for 1-pole retrip, Delay T1 3-pole retrip
Default setting (_:113) Delay T1 for 1-pole retrip =0.05 s
Default setting (_:111) Delay T1 for 3-pole retrip =0.25 s

The parameters are visible only when the repetition of tripping is set.
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For most applications, the time delays for the 1-pole and the 3-pole (multipole) start are set equally.
The setting depends on the user's philosophy.
The following settings make sense:
If the minimum fault-clearing time has top priority, Siemens recommends setting the time to 0. This
setting causes initiation of the retrip immediately upon the start. The drawback is that a defect of the 1st
trip circuit is not detected.
With a small time delay of, for instance, 50 ms, the defect of the 1st trip circuit can be detected based on
the analysis of the fault record.
With a long time delay which reliably ensures the dropout of the CBFP with the CB open, the rising edge
indication of the trip repeat Retrip T1 is a sure signal for a fault in the 1st trip circuit. The following
example shows how this time is determined.
EXAMPLE
Determining the T1 Time that Reliably Ensures the Dropout of the CBFP with the CB Open:
Time of device binary output (when tripping is
caused by the device-internal protection)
5 ms
CB inherent time up to power interruption 2 periods (assumed rated frequency =50 Hz)
Dropout time of CBFP function 1 period
Subtotal 65 ms
Safety Factor 2
Total (time T1) 130 ms
EXAMPLE
Different T1 times, depending on whether the start was 1-pole or 3-pole:
The protection tripping can be 1-pole. 1-pole tripping results in a 1-pole AR. The trip repeat prompted by the
CBFP should be 3-pole on principle.
Under these circumstances, the T1 time can be set short (for example 50 ms) in a 3-pole start. The T1 time
for 1-pole start, however, must be set to the full clearance time (for example 130 ms) because the two fault-
free phases are to be tripped only in case of an authentic circuit-breaker failure.
Parameter: Delay T2 1-pole, Delay T2 3-pole
Default setting (_:114) Delay T2 for 1-pole trip =0.13 s
Default setting (_:112) Delay T2 for 3-pole trip =0.13 s

This setting has to ensure that after opening of the local CB the function drops out reliably and that backup
tripping is avoided under all circumstances. The setting depends on the parameter Retrip after T1.
If T2 is started afterT1, there is no need to consider the time T1 for the setting of T2.
EXAMPLE
Determining the T2 Time that Reliably Ensures the Dropout of the CBFP with the CB Open:
Time of binary device output
(when tripping is caused by device-internal
protection)
5 ms
CB inherent time up to power interruption 2 periods (assumed rated frequency =50 Hz)
Dropout time of CBFP function 1 period
Subtotal 65 ms
Safety Factor 2
Total (time T2) 130 ms
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If T1 and T2 are started in parallel, take into account the time T1 for the setting of T2.
EXAMPLE
Simultaneous start of T2 and T1
Time for a reliable dropout after the local CB has
opened
130 ms
Setting of T1 50 ms
Total (=T2) 180 ms
Various times can be set for a 1-pole and 3-pole (multipole) start. In the presence of 1-phase short circuits
that do not jeopardize network stability it can make sense to allow more time to the local CB (such as twice
the clearance time: 2 x 130 ms =260 ms), expecting that the CB will open yet. This way, tripping of the
surrounding CBs can be avoided.
Parameter: Minimum operate time
Default setting (_:115) Minimum operate time =-

The Minimum operate time parameter is used to set the minimum duration for tripping the function.
!
CAUTION
Do not set a time that is too short.
If you set a time that is too short, there is a danger (dropout of the function without the current-
flow criterion) that the device contacts will interrupt the control circuit. If this happens, the device
contacts will burn out.
Set a duration that is long enough to ensure that the circuit breaker reliably reaches its final position
(open) after a control operation.
Input signal: >CB defect
The input signal >CB defect has a preset filtering time of 20 ms. This filtering time prevents the input signal
from becoming effective in the case of a transient activation of the physical binary input, which can be caused
by the pressure change when the CB opens.
This time can be set to 0 if such a transient response of the physical binary input can be excluded due to the
CB design.
Output signal: Retrip T1
The output signal Retrip T1 must be explicitly routed to a binary output.
If only one control circuit is available for the local CB, the output signal must be routed to the binary output to
which the general CB trip command (command Position) is routed.
If a 2nd control circuit is present, the Retrip T1 output signal must be routed to the associated binary
output.
Output signal: Trip T2
In order to operate the adjacent circuit breakers, the backup tripping (indication Trip T2) must be routed to
a binary output; andif necessary, to an interface (intertripping to opposite end).
Manual
C53000-G5040-C011-4, Release 10.2013

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Function Description

Static supervision (see Figure 6-358):

Dynamic supervision (see Figure 6-358):

Default setting (_:107) Start via binary input =no

Default setting (_:108) Sup.time for release signl =0.06 s

Recommended setting value (_:105) Holding int. start signal =yes

Recommended setting value (_:106) Holding ext. start signal =no

Recommended setting value (_:102) Threshold phase current =approx. 0.50 I

Recommended setting value (_:101) Threshold ground current =approx. 0.50 I

Recommended setting value (_:103) CB aux.cont. crit. allowed =no

Injection of the tripping signal from Buchholz protection

Recommended setting value (_:104) Dropout =with effective criterion

Default setting (_:110) Retrip after T1 =no

Default setting (_:113) Delay T1 for 1-pole retrip =0.05 s

Default setting (_:111) Delay T1 for 3-pole retrip =0.25 s

Default setting (_:114) Delay T2 for 1-pole trip =0.13 s

Default setting (_:112) Delay T2 for 3-pole trip =0.13 s

Default setting (_:115) Minimum operate time =-

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