Introduction to Evolutionary

Structural Optimization Structural Optimization

(ESO)
Professor Mike Xie
Head of Civil Engineering Discipline
RMIT Universityy
12 August 2009 12 August 2009
Introduction
The Evolutionary Structural Optimization
(ESO) method is based on the concept of
gradually removingunnecessary or inefficient gradually removing unnecessary or inefficient
material from a structure to achieve an
optimal design.
The ESO method is simple to understand and
easy to implement and link with existing finite easy to implement and link with existing finite
element analysis software packages (e.g.
Nastran, Abaqus, Strand6/7, Ansys).
An example
(An apple hanging on a tree?) (An apple hanging on a tree?)
Gravity
An object hanging in the air
The finite element mesh
An object hanging in the air
under gravity loading
The finite element mesh
Stress distribution of a square apple Stress distribution of a square apple
Evolution of the object
Comparison of stress distributions Comparison of stress distributions
movie
General applicability of the method Ge e a app cab ty o t e et od
The ESO method has been successfully The ESO method has been successfully
applied to a wide range of engineering
optimization problems, including p p , g
- minimizing stress, displacement;
- maximizing stiffness; maximizing stiffness;
- maximizing frequency, buckling load;
minimizing temperature in heat transfer; - minimizing temperature in heat transfer;
- minimizing contact stresses, etc.
The scope of this presentation The scope of this presentation
ESO for tension-only or
compression-only structures compression only structures
Bi directional ESO Bi-directional ESO
Examples of possible applications
Stresses at a point Stresses at a point
y

yz

xz

yx
x

x
xz

zx x

xy

zy
zx
z
Design Criteria Design Criteria gg
Criterion Element stress
e

Criterion Element stress

von Mises stress

VM

Tension 1
Tension 2
11

33 22 11
Tension 2
Compression 1
C i 2
33

33 22 11

Compression 2
33 22 11

ESO will remove elements with the lowest
e

Design for tension-only structure Design for tension only structure

Elements with the highest compressive
stresses will be deleted fromthe structure stresses will be deleted from the structure
first.
Then the less tensile elements will be
deleted as well.
Design for compression-only structure Design for compression-only structure
Elements with the highest tensile stresses
will be deleted fromthe structure first will be deleted from the structure first.
Then the less compressive elements will
be deleted.
An example of tension-only
structure: Catenary structure: Catenary
G
Movie of the evolution history of the above structure using Tension Criterion 2
A 3D tensile example 3 te s e e a p e
T
Movie of evolution history of the above structure using Tension Criterion 2
Example of compression-only
structure(using Compression Criterion 1) structure(using Compression Criterion 1)
Sagrada Familia Church Fa Sagrada Familia Church Faade ade Sagrada Familia Church Fa Sagrada Familia Church Faade ade
Barcelona, Spain Barcelona, Spain
Movie
3D print-out
of the optimized structure of the optimized structure
Wax prototype of the Passion Faade colonnade
ESO for structures with nonlinear materials ESO for structures with nonlinear materials
(a)Elastic-perfectly-plastic material model
(b)Bili t i l d l (b)Bilinear material model
(c) Power-law material model
(a) (b) (c)
Example: A three-dimensional block Example: A three dimensional block
Power-law material model =
0.2
Strain energy criterion
Optimal Topologies (V
f
=21.4%) Optimal Topologies (V
f
21.4%)
Linear design Nonlinear design
Movie
Movie
Force vs. deformation relationships
of different designs of different designs
Bi-directional ESO
(BESO) (BESO)
A3Dbeamwith a solid deck at the top A 3D beam with a solid deck at the top
Initial design for the above structure
Movie
A stool?
A bridge-type structure g yp
A3Dbeamwith a solid deck at the top and a gap in the middle A 3D beam with a solid deck at the top and a gap in the middle
Initial design for the above structure
An optimal bridge-type structure p g yp
Movie
Space underground Space u de g ou d
Initial design g
Movie
Final design g
Load transfer structure
for multi-storey atrium for multi-storey atrium
movie
Cellular matrix roof
Case 1: flat four bottomsides supported Case 1: flat, four bottom sides supported
movie
Cellular matrix roof
C 2 d f t d Case 2: curved, four corners supported